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1 


BVT.  BRIG-.  GEN.  ALBERT  S  JOHNSTON.  I   s  A 


ACROSS  THE  CONTINENT 


FIFTH  CAVALRY. 


COMPILED  BT 

GEORGE    F.     PRICE 

Captain  Fifth  Cavalry,  U.  S.  Army. 


WITH    FOUR    PORTRAITS    ON    STEEL 


New  Yobk  : 
D.    VAN    NOSTEAND,    PUBLISHER, 

83  Murray  Street  and  27  Warren  Street. 
1883. 


Copyright, 

1883, 

By  D.  VAN  NOSTRAND. 


H.    J.    HEWITT,    PRINTER,    27   ROSE   STREET,    NEW   YORK. 


TO 

THE    MEMORY    OF    THE    LATE 

MAJOR-GENERAL 

GEORGE    H.    THOMAS, 

UNITED    STATES    ARMY, 

FORMERLY 

COLONEL    FIFTH    CAVALRY, 

THIS     BOOK     IS     AFFECTIONATELY     INSCRIBED. 


1  A  simple  nature  cast  in  antique  mould, 
Gentle,  serene,  child-tender,  lion-bold  ; 
A  heart  with  sympathies  so  broad  and  true 
That  trust  and  love  grew  round  him  ere  they  knew ; 
Open,  sincere,  uncovetous,  and  pure, 
Strong  to  achieve  and  patient  to  endure  ; 
Heedless  of  fame,  he  looked  within  himself 
For  that  reward  which  neither  praise  nor  pelf 
Can  give  the  soul  whose  naked  virtues  stand 
Before  God's  eye,  beneath  God's  lifted  hand. 
In  the  long  future  of  this  mortal  hive 
Who  may  predict  what  records  will  survive  f 
A  little  shudder  of  earth's  brittle  crust, 
And  man  and  man's  renown  were  scattered  dust. 
But  in  his  day  to  Thomas  it  was  given 
To  sou)  his  fields  and  gather  fruits  for  heaven, 
Which  neither  worm  can  gnaw  nor  care  make  dim : 
And  these  are  deathless ;  these  he  took  with  him." 

BOKER. 


23990 


'  Here's  to  the  flag  we  follow, 

Here's  to  the  land  we  serve, 
And  here's  to  holy  honor, 

That  doth  the  two  preserve." 

E.  W.  HAZEWELL. 


part  first. 

The   Narrative, 


PART  SECOND. 


Military  Records  of  the  Officers  of  the   Fifth 
regiment  of  cavalry. 


PART  THIRD. 

THE    APPENDIX, 


Part  First. 
THE    IAEEATIVE. 


FIRST  PERIOD- -1855. 
ORGANIZATION— MARCH  TO  TEXAS. 


SECOND  PERIOD— 1856-1861. 

SERVICE  IN  TEXAS  FROM  THE  RIO  GRANDE  TO  THE  CANADIAN  RIVER. 


THIRD  PERIOD— 1861-1865. 

THE    WAR  OF  THE   REBELLION. 


FOURTH  PERIOD— 1866-1868. 
RECONSTRUCTION  DUTY  IN  THE  SOUTHERN  STATES. 


FIFTH  PERIOD— 1868-1871. 

SERVICE  ON  THE  PLAINS  FROM  THE  CANADIAN  RrVER,  IN  TEXAS,  TO  THE 
NIOBRARA  RIVER,  IN  NEBRASKA. 


SIXTH  PERIOD— 1872-1875. 

ARIZONA  AND  THE  APACHE  CAMPAIGNS. 


SEVENTH  PERIOD— 1875-1883. 

SERVICE    ON  THE  PLAINS  FROM  THE  CANADIAN  RIVER,  IN  TEXAS,  TO  THE 
YELLOWSTONE  RIVER,  IN   MONTANA. 


PART  FIRST. 


THE  NARRATIVE, 


First  Period— 1855. 


ORGANIZATION — MARCH  TO   TEXAS. 


CHAPTER  I. 

Recommendations  for  an  Increase  of  the  Army— Debates  in  Congress— 
A  Reply  to  the  Comte  de  Paris— Organization— March  of  the  Regiment 
from  Jefferson  Barracks  to  Texas. 

The  Second  Regiment  of  Cavalry  was  organized  by- 
authority  of  the  eighth  section  of  an  act  of  Congress 
approved  March  3,  1855.  The  regiment  retained  this 
number  until  August  3, 1861,  when,  under  the  operations 
of  an  act  of  Congress  of  that  date,  the  designation  was 
changed  to  the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Cavalry. 

The  eighth  section  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  3, 
1855,  reads  as  follows : 

"There  shall  be  added  to  the  army  two  regiments  of 
infantry  and  two  regiments  of  cavalry,  organized  as  in  the 
existing  form,  .  .  .  and  that  officers  and  men  authorized 
by  this  act  shall  be  entitled  to  the  same  provisions  for  wid- 
ows and  children,  and  the  same  allowances  and  benefits,  in 


12  THE   NAKKATIVE. 

every  respect,  as  are  allowed  to  other  troops  composing 
the  army  of  the  United  States.  They  shall  be  subject  to 
the  rules  and  articles  of  war,  and  the  men  shall  be  re- 
cruited in  the  same  manner  as  other  troops  and  with  the 
same  conditions  and  limitations." 

The  following  proviso  was  added  to  the  second  section 
of  the  same  act : 

"Provided,  That  it  shall  be  lawful  for  the  President  of  the 
United  States  to  appoint,  during  the  recess  of  Congress, 
such  of  the  commissioned  officers  authorized  by  this  act, 
below  the  grade  of  field-officer,  as  may  not  be  appointed 
during  the  present  session,  whose  commissions  shall  expire 
on  the  first  day  of  May,  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty-six." 

These  sections  were  promulgated  to  the  army  in  General 
Orders  from  the  War  Department,  March  12,  1855. 

The  cavalry  of  the  army  of  the  United  States  had 
an  uncertain  existence  before  the  year  1833.  The  first 
mounted  force — omitting  any  consideration  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary period — was  organized  in  1793.*  From  that  time 
until  1833  mounted  troops  were  raised  (in  1808  and  1812) 
as  emergencies  presented  themselves  and  were  disbanded 
as  soon  as  these  had  passed. 

The  United  States  cavalry  practically  dates  as  a  perma- 
nent mounted  corps  from  the  organization  of  the  First 
Dragoons  in  1833,  when  a  system  of  promotion  was  es- 
tablished and  a  career  was  opened  to  officers,  with  a  rea- 
sonable certainty  of  retaining  their  positions  and  by  faith- 
ful services  gaining  increased  rank  with  advancing  years. 
The  Second  Dragoons  followed  in  1836,  and  the  Mounted 
Riflemen  in  1846. 

No  importance  seems  to  have  been  attached  to  records 

*  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  5,  1792.  A  squadron  of  dragoons  (four  companies) 
was  organized  under  Major  "William  Winston  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  in  the  summer  of  1793, 
and  participated  in  the  campaigns  against  hostile  Indians.  The  squadron  was  consoli- 
dated into  two  companies  in  1796,  and  was  finally  disbanded  in  March,  1802. 


THE  NAREATIVE.  13 

and  traditions  as  applied  to  regiments  ;  but  perhaps  Con- 
gress was  not  to  blame  lor  a  seeming  want  of  apprecia- 
tion in  this  respect,  as  only  a  soldier  can  adequately 
appreciate  the  battle-scarred  standard  of  a  veteran  regi- 
ment. A  mistaken  economy  prevailed,  and  upon  more 
than  one  occasion  the  cavalry  forces  were  disbanded  and* 
the  records  of  their  gallant  deeds  were  consigned  to  dusty 
pigeon-holes. 

While  General  Scott  never  attached  much  importance 
to  the  cavalry,  although  he  frequently  commended  their 
valuable  services,  he  was  strongly  in  favor  of  raising  the 
new  regiments  in  1855.  And  it  may  be  remarked  here  that 
when  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  began  the  cavalry  regiments 
were  practically  ignored — so  much  so  that  when  the  Na- 
tional troops  first  crossed  into  Virginia  but  three  com- 
panies (belonging  to  the  Fifth)  accompanied  them.  But 
long  before  the  war  was  ended  the  cavalry  regiments  had 
proved  themselves  capable  of  achieving  great  results,  not 
alone  in  irregular  warfare  on  the  far  frontiers,  but  also 
when  attached  to  corps  and  operating  with  a  regularly 
organized  army,  while  a  number  of  the  cavalry  engage- 
ments— notably  Kelly's  Ford,  Beverly  Ford,  and  Wood- 
stock— are  deservedly  conspicuous  in  the  annals  of  the 
war  for  the  maintenance  of  the  National  Union. 

The  first  official  suggestion  that  an  increase  of  the  army 
had  become  necessary  seems  to  have  been  made  by  Gen- 
eral Scott  in  his  report  of  operations  for  the  year  1853. 
After  alluding  to  the  vast  increase  of  the  Indian  frontiers 
since  the  close  of  the  Mexican  War,  and  to  the  necessity 
of  establishing  garrisons  for  the  protection  of  the  newly 
opened  Oregon  route,  he  urgently  recommended  that  the 
army  should  be  increased  by  the  addition  of  at  least  two 
regiments  of  dragoons  and  two  regiments  of  infantry. 

In  his  annual  report  for  the  same  year  the  Secretary  of 
War  presented  a  careful  and  exhaustive  review  of  the  fron- 
tier question,  giving  prominence  to  the  fact  that,  while  the 
strength  of  the  army  had  remained  fixed,  the  duty  required 


14  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

of  it  had  been  nearly  doubled ;  but,  while  agreeing  with 
General  Scott  as  to  the  necessity  for  an  immediate  increase 
of  the  strength  of  the  army,  the  Secretary  did  not  fully 
coincide  with  him  in  his  opinion  as  to  its  exact  extent. 

These  recommendations,  however,  were  not  heeded  by 
either  branch  of  Congress,  and  the  session  passed  without 
liny  important  military  legislation. 

The  war  with  Mexico  had  resulted  in  adding  a  vast 
territory  to  our  national  domain,  and  the  government 
was  bound,  in  the  interests  of  civilization,  to  open  this 
immense  area  to  settlement.  California,  because  of  her 
rich  deposits  of  gold,  soon  solved  the  problem  without 
requiring  much  assistance  from  the  army.  While  the  In- 
dians were  numerous  in  that  State,  they  were  not  warlike, 
and  they  readily  conformed  themselves  to  the  new  order 
of  affairs.  But  the  country  between  the  Missouri  River 
and  California  was  an  almost  unknown  territory,  occupied 
by  powerful  and  warlike  tribes  of  Indians— just  enough 
being  known  of  it  to  convince  thoughtful  men  that  great 
States  would  be  erected  there  in  the  near  future. 

The  army  was  to  lead  in  the  work  of  civilization,  and, 
by  its  intelligence,  loyal  devotion  to  law,  readiness  to 
extend  assistance  to  the  civil  authorities,  and  untarnished 
integrity,  set  an  example  to  the  restless  men  who  has- 
tened to  the  prairies  and  mountains  of  that  section.  The 
army  was  also  to  be  an  honest  and  impartial  arbiter  stand- 
ing between  the  pioneers  and  the  Indians,  compelling  both 
to  respect  the  law  and  obey  it,  or  to  disobey  it  at  their 
peril. 

In  his  annual  report  for  1854  the  Secretary  of  War  again 
presented  this  question  to  Congress,  renewed  the  recom- 
mendations made  in  1853,  and  asked  that  the  army  might 
be  increased  by  adding  to  it  two  regiments  of  cavalry  and 
two  regiments  of  infantry. 

In  his  annual  message  the  President  asked  for  favor- 
able action  upon  the  recommendation  of  the  Secretary  of 
War,  as  follows  : 


THE  NARRATIVE.  15 

"The  valuable  services  rendered  by  the  army,  and  its  in- 
estimable importance  as  the  nucleus  around  which  the  vol- 
unteer force  of  the  nation  can  promptly  gather  in  the  hour 
of  danger,  sufficiently  attest  the  wisdom  of  maintaining  a 
military  peace  establishment ;  but  the  theory  of  our  sys- 
tem, and  the  wise  practice  under  it,  require  that  any  pro- 
posed augmentation  in  time  of  peace  be  only  commen- 
surate with  our  extended  limits  and  frontier  relations. 
While  scrupulously  adhering  to  this  principle,  I  find  in 
existing  circumstances  a  necessity  for  an  increase  of  our 
military  force,  and  it  is  believed  that  four  new  regiments — 
two  of  infantry  and  two  of  mounted  men — will  be  suffi- 
cient to  meet  the  present  exigency.  If  it  were  necessary 
to  weigh  the  cost  in  a  case  of  such  urgency  it  would  be 
shown  that  the  additional  expense  would  be  comparatively 
light." 

General  Scott  was  called  before  the  House  Military  Com- 
mittee, and  in  reply  to  the  question,  "What  should  be 
the  strength  of  our  army  in  view  of  our  extended  sea- 
board, foreign  frontiers,  and  prospective  relations  with  In- 
dian tribes  ? "  said  : 

"  The  increase  of  the  strength  of  the  army,  as  provided 
for  by  the  bill  submitted  by  the  War  Department,  now- 
under  consideration  by  this  committee,  I  deem  highly  ne- 
cessary. The  bill  proposes  that  there  shall  be  two  addi- 
tional regiments  of  infantry  and  two  regiments  of  cavalry. 
This,  I  consider,  is  the  minimum  force  that  is  essential  to 
be  added  to  the  army  to  protect  the  frontiers  against  the 
hostilities  of  the  Indians,  the  present  force  on  the  frontiers 
being  entirely  inadequate  for  that  purpose.  In  Texas  the 
Indian  hostilities  have  been  more  destructive  than  at  other 
points,  principally  on  account  of  the  small  force  stationed 
in  that  country.  The  troops  are  constantly  engaged  in 
encounters  with  the  hostile  Indians,  and  the  loss  of  men, 
when   successful,   is  always  in  the   inverse  ratio  of  our 


16  THE  NARRATIVE. 

inferior  numbers.  Hence  the  proposed  inciease,  simply  in 
reference  to  Indian  frontiers,  seems  to  be  dictated  by  con- 
siderations both,  of  policy  and  humanity,  in  order  that 
adequate  protection  may  be  afforded  to  our  border  in- 
habitants without  a  useless  sacrifice  of  our  brave  de- 
tachments. The  increase  proposed  of  two  regiments  of 
infantry  and  two  regiments  of  cavalry,  organized  like 
the  present  force  and  characterized  by  the  like  zeal  and 
activity,  would,  in  my  opinion,  give  reasonable  protection 
to  oar  frontiers  and  the  overland  travel." 

There  seems  to  have  been  no  difference  of  opinion  in 
Congress  as  to  the  necessity  for  an  increase  of  the  military 
forces,  but  there  were  conflicting  opinions  as  to  the  form 
which  the  increase  should  take.  Plans  for  raising  bodies 
of  mounted  volunteers,  of  varying  strength  and  for  longer 
or  shorter  terms  of  service,  were  brought  forward  at 
different  times  and  met  with  considerable  favor,  while  a 
proposition  for  an  increase  made  up  of  regulars  and  vol- 
unteers found  many  supporters. 

The  Army  Appropriation  Bill  which  had  passed  the 
House  December  27,  1854,  was  reported  to  the  Senate 
from  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means  January  9,  1855, 
and  on  the  29th  an  amendment  was  offered  by  Mr.  Hunter 
authorizing  the  organization  of  two  regiments  of  cavalry, 
and  a  force  of  five  hundred  mounted  volunteers  who 
were  to  serve  for  twelve  months.  Mr.  Shields  offered  a 
substitute  for  this  amendment,  authorizing  the  President 
to  add  to  the  strength  of  the  army  two  regiments  of  cav- 
alry and  two  regiments  of  infantry,  which  were  to  be  or- 
ganized in  the  same  manner  as  the  existing  regiments. 
This  was  agreed  to — 31  ayes,  20  noes.  An  amendment  of- 
fered by  Mr.  Brown,  providing  for  a  force  of  three  thousand 
volunteers  to  serve  for  eighteen  months,  was  rejected,  and 
the  bill  containing  the  Shields  amendment  was  then  passed. 

The  bill,  as  amended  by  the  Senate,  was  reported  to  the 
House  on  the  2d  of  February,  and  after  a  lengthy  debate 


THE  NARRATIVE.  17 

was  agreed  to  March  2,  1855—121  ayes,  61  noes.  The  next 
day  the  bill  was  signed  by  the  President  and  became  a  law. 

The  amendment  authorizing  an  increase  of  the  army  led 
to  a  protracted  debate,  notwithstanding  the  military  com- 
mittees of  Congress  were  in  favor  of  it. 

The  Secretary  of  War  also  advocated  certain  radical 
changes  in  the  service— namely,  promotion  by  merit  as 
well  as  by  seniority ;  to  add  surplus  officers  to  all  regi- 
ments, who  were  to  be  employed  on  civil  works ;  and  to 
abolish  the  permanent  staff  organization  and  adopt  a  sys- 
tem of  details  from  the  line  for  staff  duty. 

When  the  measure  was  presented  to  Congress  the  Com- 
mittee on  Ways  and  Means  (which  then  had  charge  of  the 
appropriation  bills)  reported  in  favor  of  raising  volun- 
teers. Mr.  Shields  was  at  first  in  favor  of  raising  mounted 
volunteers.  Mr.  Hunter  was  in  favor  of  raising  two  regi- 
ments of  cavalry  and  a  force  of  volunteers.  But  during 
the  debate  Mr.  Shields  changed  his  position  and  sub- 
mitted the  amendment  which  finally  became  the  law. 
The  speeches  were  generally  in  favor  of  volunteers,  but 
when  the  amendment  came  to  a  vote  it  was  passed  as 
an  Administration  measure. 

The  speeches  of  Mr.  Houston  and  Mr.  Benton  were 
marked  by  bitter  hostility  towards  the  army.  Both  main- 
tained the  same  general  propositions  in  opposition  to  the 
passage  of  the  amendment.  They  claimed  that  the  officers 
and  men  of  the  army  were,  by  nature  and  education,  unfit- 
ted to  deal  with  the  delicate  questions  which  were  continu- 
ally arising  in  the  administration  of  Indian  affairs ;  that, 
while  their  operations  against  the  Indians  had  not  resulted 
in  subduing  them,  their  cost  had  been  excessive,  and  no- 
thing had  been  gained  in  exchange  for  the  sacrifice  of  men 
and  expenditure  of  money  that  had  been  made  to  secure 
peace. 

Mr.  Houston  said  that  in  the  Texas  Kepublic,  before 
its  annexation  to  the  United  States,  the  expenses  of  In- 
dian wars  had  not  exceeded  ten  thousand  dollars  a  year, 


18  THE  NARRATIVE. 

and  that  the  settlers  had  more  efficient  protection  than 
they  now  received  from  the  two  regnlar  regiments  which 
were  stationed  there. 

Mr.  Benton  said  that  the  proposed  increase  of  the  army 
came  from  an  Executive  recommendation  which  was  based 
on  Indian  hostilities,  and  was  intended  as  a  permanent 
increase,  although  the  emergency  was  admitted  to  be  tem- 
porary;  that  this  was  illogical  and  implied  some  design 
beyond  the  avowed  object.  He  liked  the  proposed  sub- 
stitute of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means  much  better, 
as  it  raised  volunteers  for  a  limited  time.  He  liked  still 
better  the  amendment,  which  he  submitted,  to  raise  a  force 
of  mounted  rangers ;  but  either  was  preferable  to  a  per- 
manent increase  of  the  army,  if  an  Indian  war  were  the 
real  reason,  for  these  classes  of  troops  could  be  much 
sooner  raised,  would  be  more  efficient  in  the  field,  and 
cheaper,  because  they  could  be  disbanded  as  soon  as  the 
necessity  which  called  them  into  service  had  ceased  to 
exist.  He  criticised  the  Executive  recommendation  as 
imagining  large  armies  of  Indians  assembled  on  the  fron- 
tiers, and  maintained  that  the  day  for  such  exhibitions  on 
their  side  had  passed  for  ever.  He  then  told  how  Lewis 
and  Clarke,  Bonneville  and  Fremont,  traveled  across  the 
plains  of  the  Great  West  and  found  the  Indians  well  dis- 
posed, and  said  that  the  pioneers  had  no  trouble  with  them 
until  recently.  "  But  now,"  said  he,  "  every  Indian  seems 
to  be  hostile."  He  then  said  that  he  knew  the  causes 
of  the  existing  difficulties,  and  had  the  courage  to  state 
them :  first,  the  removal  of  faithful  and  experienced 
agents  and  superintendents,  and  substituting  for  them  un- 
fit, ignorant,  and  mendicant  politicians  ;  second,  sending 
"school-house  officers  and  pot-house  soldiers"  to  abuse 
the  Indians  like  dogs  and  beasts.  He  then  discussed 
the  Indian  agents  and  said:  "The  ignorance  and  negli- 
gence of  the  politicians  sent  out  as  agents  and  super- 
intendents is  one  cause  of  the  unprecedented  hostili- 
ties.     The    ignorance    and    misconduct    of    the    officers 


THE  NARRATIVE.  19 

and  enlisted  men  is  another  cause,  and  the  greatest  of  the 
two." 

He  cited  the  attack  on  a  band  of  Jicarilla  Apaches  at 
Las  Yegas,  N.  M.,  in  March,  1849,  by  Captain  Henry  B. 
Judd,  of  the  artillery  ;  *  the  fight  of  Lieutenant  Davidson 
near  Fort  Burgwin,  N".  M.,  in  1854 ;  f  and  Lieutenant 
Grat ton' s  affair  near  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  in  August,  1854,  J 
stating  the  general  facts,  but  placing  his  own  construction 
upon  them,  and  was  very  hostile  and  abusive  towards  the 
army.  He  then  alleged  that  the  real  causes  for  wanting 
the  new  regiments  were  :  first,  to  provide  for  a  number 
of  officers  who  were  pets  of  the  Secretary  of  War  at  the 
expense  of  other  officers  in  the  service  ;  second,  that  Cuba, 
and  not  the  Indians,  was  the  real  design  hidden  in  the 
measure  ;  and  then  claimed  that  mounted  volunteers,  and 
not  regulars,  were  the  proper  troops  to  fight  Indians. 

After  citing  a  number  of  cases,  in  which  he  claimed  that 
the  Indians  had  been  forced  into  acts  of  hostility  by  the 
misconduct  and  incapacity  of  the  officers   of   the  army, 

*  These  Indians  had  for  a  long  time  raided  the  settlements  at  their  pleasure,  exacting 
tribute  and  despoiling  the  Mexicans  whenever  they  pleased  to  do  so.  They  suddenly 
appeared  at  Las  Vegas  and  demanded  a  tribute  of  lead  and  powder.  The  alcalde  (after- 
wards a  United  States  judge)  appealed  to  Captain  Judd  for  protection.  He  immediatelv 
attacked  the  Indians  and  defeated  them  with  considerable  loss.  His  prompt  action  was 
soldierly  and  highly  commendable. 

t  In  March,  1851,  the  Jicarilla  Apaches  and  Utcs  combined  a  force  of  two  hundred  and 
fifty  warriors  and  attacked  Lieutenant  Davidson  and  his  command  of  sixty  men  in  camp 
twenty-five  miles  from  Fernandez  de  Taos.  He  maintained  the  unequal  contest  throe 
hours,  but  was  finally  overwhelmed  and  forced  to  retire.  Davidson  and  almost  all  the  men 
were  wounded.  The  gallantry  displayed  by  the  command  should  have  called  forth 
in  Congress  the  highest  encomiums  instead  of  the  language  it  did.  A  vigorous  cam 
paign  was  begun,  which  resulted  in  conquering  the  tribe  and  compelling  it  to  sue  for 
peace. 

X  A  Mormon  train  was  en  route  to  Utah.  An  ox  was  left  behind  to  rest  and  then 
be  driven  to  the  camp.  A  Minncconjou  Indian  killed  it.  The  owner  reported  his  loss 
to  the  commanding  officer  of  Fort  Laramie,  who  dispatched  Lieutenant  (iratton,  with 
twenty-nine  men,  to  the  Indian  village  to  demand  the  surrender  of  the  offender,  which 
was  refused,  whereupon  the  lieutenant  opened  a  fire  upon  the  village,  and  in  a  few 
minutes  he  and  all  his  men,  except  one,  were  killed.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the 
Brule-Sioux  war.  Two  campaigns  were  directed  against  the  Indians — one  under  Harney, 
the  other  under  Sumner— before  peace  was  restored.  For  interesting  details  of  this 
affair  see  Fry's  "  Army  Sacrifices,''  pp.  170-178. 


20  THE   NARRATIVE. 

he  proceeded  to  discuss  the  results  which  had  followed 
the  management  of  Indian  affairs  by  what  he  termed 
"school-house  officers  and  pot-house  soldiers."  He  de- 
clared that  the  measure  had  been  brought  forward  by  the 
Administration,  not  to  relieve  the  frontier  settlements  from 
threatened  attacks,  but  to  furnish  places  for  the  graduates 
of  West  Point  and  the  friends  of  the  Secretary  of  War, 
and  ultimately  to  obtain  possession  of  the  island  of  Cuba, 
He  closed  his  speech  by  submitting  a  substitute  which 
authorized  the  President  to  accept  the  services  of  three 
thousand  volunteers,  and  offered  inducements  to  settlers 
to  locate  themselves  on  the  frontiers  in  colonies  strong 
enough  for  mutual  defense. 

The  opponents  of  the  measure  endeavored  to  make  it 
appear  that  the  Secretary  of  War  was  engaged  in  a  scheme 
for  the  purchase  or  conquest  of  Cuba  ;  *  and  that  while  he 
desired  to  increase  the  army,  and  had  announced  his  pur- 
pose to  make  it  more  efficient,  he  intended,  if  successful, 
to  advance  his  friends.  But  the  argument  pressed  with 
the  greatest  persistency  was  that  the  regular  army  was 
not  fitted  to  deal  with  the  Indians. 

The  measure  was  advocated  by  Mr.  Shields,  Mr.  Hunter, 
Mr.  Faulkner,  and  others.  They  warmly  defended  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  army  against  the  charge  of  miscon- 
duct and  incapacity.  The  sound  argument  brought  out  in 
favor  of  the  measure  was  that  the  Indians  ought  not  to  be 
fought  by  the  settlers  on  the  frontiers,  who  would  be  pre- 
judiced against,  and  could  cruelly  deal  with,  them  when- 
ever the  opportunity  offered.  The  advocates  of  the  amend- 
ment contended  that  the  Indian  problem  was  not  one  of 
easy  solution  ;  that  the  army  had  faithfully  performed  the 
duties  which  had  been  intrusted  to  it  in  connection  with 
Indian  affairs  ;  and  as  the  sole  management  of  the  differ- 
ent tribes  had  not  been  intrusted  to  the  army,  it  should 
not  be  held  responsible  for  the  troubles  which  had  re- 

*  Afterwards,  when  the  House  of  Representatives  was  controlled  by  a  Republican 
majority,  the  Senate  voted  twenty  million  dollars  for  the  purchase  of  Cuba. 


THE  NARRATIVE.  21 

suited  from  the  mismanagement  of  incompetent  agents 
and  superintendents.  And,  referring  to  the  propositions 
to  employ  volunteers,  they  maintained  that  such  a  policy 
would  be  an  act  of  inhuman  cruelty  to  the  Indians ;  that 
it  would  be  unworthy  of  a  civilized  nation  to  intrust  the 
management  of  hostile  operations  to  men  residing  on  the 
frontiers,  whose  bitter  prejudices  unfitted  them  for  a  proper 
performance  of  so  delicate  a  duty  ;  and  that  the  country 
was  bound  by  every  consideration  of  justice  and  humanity 
to  interpose  between  the  settlers  and  the  Indians  an  im- 
partial body  of  soldiers  whose  duty  would  be  not  only  to 
protect  the  settlers  from  depredations,  but  also  to  defend 
the  Indians  from  unlawful  aggressions. 

The  intemperate  speeches  made  by  the  opponents  of  the 
measure  bore  fruit  twenty  years  later  when  the  Comte  de 
Paris  said :  * 

"In  ISoo  Congress  passed  a  law  authorizing  the  forma- 
tion of  two  new  regiments  of  cavalry,  and  Mr.  Jefferson 
Davis,  then  Secretary  of  War,  took  advantage  of  the  fact 
that  they  had  not  been  designated  by  the  title  of  dragoons 
to  treat  them  as  a  different  arm,  and  to  fill  them  witli  his 
creatures,  to  the  exclusion  of  regular  officers  whom  he  dis- 
liked." 

It  was  purposely  intended  that  two  regiments  of  cavalry 
should  be  raised  and  maintained  as  a  separate  arm  of  the 
service,  as  the  dragoons  and  mounted  riflemen  were  main- 
tained as  separate  arms.  The  organization  of  these  regi- 
ments made  promotions  in  the  dragoons  and  mounted  rifle- 
men. "The  War  Department  caused  boards  of  exami- 
nation to  convene  at  the  headquarters  of  the  regiments 
affected  by  the  change,  to  test  the  fitness  of  the  young 
officers  appointed  directly  from  civil  life,  and  the  utmost 
care  w^as  taken  to  make  the  new  regiments  creditable  in 

*"IIistorj'  of  the  Civil  War  iu  America,"  vol.  i.  p.  24. 


22  TIIE   NAERATIYE. 

every  respect  to  their  patron,  Secretary  Davis,  with  whom 
this  arm  of  the  service  was  a  favorite."  * 

The  epithet  of  "creatures"  thus  applied  to  the  officers 
of  the  cavalry  regiments  embraces  McClellan,  Sumner, 
Thomas,  Emory,  Sedgwick,  Stoneman,  Stanley,  Carr,  and 
others,  who  became  distinguished  generals  of  the  National 
army ;  and  Albert  S.  Johnston,  Joseph  E.  Johnston, 
Robert  E.  Lee,  Hood,  Hardee,  Edmund  K.  Smith,  Field, 
James  E.  B.  Stuart,  Fitzhngh  Lee,  and  others,  who  be- 
came equally  distinguished  as  generals  of  the  Confederate 
army. 

The  assertion  that  the  cavalry  regiments  were  filled  with 
the  creatures  of  the  Secretary  of  "War  is  a  fatal  mistake, 
as  the  record  abundantly  proves.  Not  all  the  Southern- 
born  officers  appointed  to  the  regiments  joined  the  rebel- 
lion against  the  United  States.  Quite  a  number  of  the 
officers  who  did  so  were  appointed  during  the  years  fol- 
lowing the  organization  of  the  regiments  and  preceding  the 
rebellion.  They  joined  during  that  period  (as  officers  join 
now)  by  their  own  selection,  so  far  as  their  class-standing 
gave  them  the  privilege  to  do  so. 

Of  the  officers  first  appointed  to  the  First  (present 
Fourth)  Cavalry  the  lieutenant-colonel  (Joseph  E.  John- 
ston), five  captains  (Robert  S.  Garnett,  William  D.  De 
Saussure,  William  S.  Walker,  William  N.  R.  Beall,  and 
George  H.  Stewart),  five  first  lieutenants  (James  Mcintosh, 
Robert  Ramson,  Jr.,  Alfred  Iverson,  Jr.,  Philip  Stockton, 
and  James  E.  B.  Stuart),  and  two  second  lieutenants 
(Richard  II.  Reddick  and  John  R.  Church)  resigned  their 
commissions  and  joined  the  rebellion  against  the  United 
States — a  total  of  thirteen. 

The  officers  who  remained  on  the  National  side  were  the 
colonel  (Edwin  V.  Sumner),  outspoken  in  opposition  to 
slavery  before  he  was  appointed  to  the  position — so  much 
so  that  his  opinions  upon  this  subject  were  known  through  - 

*  Rodenbougb's  "  From  Everglade  to  Cauon  witb  tbe  Second  Dragoons,"  p.  170. 


THE   NARRATIVE.  ^6 

out  the  army  ;  the  two  majors  (William  H.  Emory*  and 
John  Sedgwick),  five  captains  (Delos  B.  Sacket,  Thomas  J. 
Wood,  George  B.  McClellan,  Samuel  D.  Sturgis,  and  Ed- 
ward W.  B.  Newby),  four  first  lieutenants  (Eugene  A. 
Carr,  David  Bell,  Frank  Wheaton,  and  David  S.  Stanley), 
and  five  second  lieutenants  (Elmer  Otis,  James  B.  Mc- 
Intyre,  Eugene  W.  Crittenden,  John  A.  Thompson,  and 
Albert  V.  Colburn)— a  total  of  seventeen. 

Of  the  officers  who  were  assigned  to  the  regiment  during 
the  years  1856-60,  both  years  inclusive,  five  second  lieu- 
tenants (Edward  Ingraham,  Lunsford  L.  Lomax,  f  Oliver 
H.  Fish,  Andrew  Jackson,  Jr.,  and  John  R.  B.  Burtwell) 
resigned  their  commissions  and  joined  the  rebellion,  and 
four  second  lieutenants  (Eli  Long,  George  D.  Bayard,  Jo- 
seph H.  Taylor,  and  Charles  S.  Bowman)  remained  on  the 
National  side. 

Captain  George  T.  Anderson,  First  Lieutenants  John  N. 
Perkins  and  Harry  Love,  and  Second  Lieutenants  William 
A.  B.  Jones  and  Hartford  T.  Clarke  resigned,  etc.,  ante 
helium.  Four  Northern-born  officers  joined  the  rebellion— 
namely,  Walker,  Stockton,  Ingraham,  and  Lomax.  Stock- 
ton was  born  in,  and  appointed  from,  New  Jersey.  Walker 
was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  Lomax  was  born  in  Rhode 
Island,  and  both  were  appointed  from  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia. Ingraham  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and  was 
appointed  from  Mississippi. 

Seven  of  the  Southern-born— Emory,  Wood,  Newby, 
Mclntyre,  Crittenden,  Long,  and  Taylor— remained  on  the 
National  side. 

Of  the  officers  first  appointed  to  the  Second  (present 
Fifth)  Cavalry  the  colonel  (Albert  S.  Johnston),  the  lieu- 
tenant-colonel (Robert  E.  Lee),  the  senior  major  (William 
J.  Hardee),  two  captains  (Earl  Aran  Dorn  and  Edmund  K. 

»  Emory  was  appointed  a  major  in  the  Second  Cavalry  March  3,  1S55 ;  transferred 
to  the  First  Cavalry  -May  26, 1855. 

t  Lomax  was  assigned  to  tho  Socond  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant  July  1, 
1856;  appointed  a  second  lieutenant,  First  Cavalry,  September  30,  1856. 


24  THE  NARRATIVE. 

Smith),  three  first  lieutenants  (Nathan  G.  Evans,  Charles 
W.  Field,  and  Walter  H.  Jenifer),  and  live  second  lieuten- 
ants (John  T.  Shaaff,  George  B.  Cosby,  John  B.  Hood, 
Joseph  F.  Minter,  and  Charles  W.  Phifer)  resigned  their 
commissions  and  joined  the  rebellion  against  the  United 
States— a  total  of  thirteen. 

The  officers  who  remained  on  the  National  side  were  the 
junior  major  (George  H.  Thomas),  five  captains  (James 
Oakes,  Innis  N.  Palmer,  George  Stoneman,  Jr.,  Albert  G. 
Bracket!,  and  Charles  J.  Whiting),  five  first  lieutenants 
(Richard  W.  Johnson,  Joseph  H.  McArthur,  Kenner  Gar- 
rard, William  B.  Royall,  and  William  P.  Chambliss), 
and  one  second  lieutenant  (William  W.  Lowe)— a  total  of 
twelve. 

First  Lieutenant  Robert  N.  Eagle  resigned  January  15, 
18G2,  and  did  not  thereafter  participate  in  the  war  on 
either  side.  He  was  born  in  New  York  and  appointed 
from  Texas. 

Of  the  officers  who  were  assigned  to  the  regiment  dur- 
ing the  years  1856-60,  both  years  inclusive,  five  second 
lieutenants  (James  P.  Major,  Fitzhugh  Lee,  Manning  M. 
Kimmel,  George  A.  Cunningham,*  and  Wade  H.  Gibbes) 
resigned  their  commissions  and  joined  the  rebellion,  and. 
five  second  lieutenants  (James  E.  Harrison,  A.  Parker 
Porter,  Wesley  Owens,  Abraham  K.  Arnold,  and  John  J. 
Sweet)  remained  on  the  National  side. 

Seven  of  the  Southern-born— Thomas,  Johnson,  McAr- 
thur, Garrard,  Royall,  Chambliss,  and  Harrison — remained 
on  the  National  side. 

Captains  Theodore  O'Hara,  William  R,  Bradfute,  and 
Charles  E.  Travis,  First  Lieutenants  Alexander  H.  Cross 
and  Charles  Radziminski,  and  Second  Lieutenants  George 
lb!  it  well,  Robert  C.  Wood,  Jr.,  James  B.  Witherell,  Cor- 
nelius Van  Camp,  Junius  B.  Wheeler,  and  John  T.  Ma- 


*  Cunningham  was  assigned  to  the  First  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant  July  1, 
1857;  appointed  a  second  lieutenant,  Second  Cavalry.  October  1,  1858. 


THE  NAUKATIVE.  25 

grader*  resigned,  died,  etc.,  ante  helium.  O'Hara,  Brad- 
fute,  Cross,  and  Wood  afterwards  participated  in  tlie 
rebellion  against  the  United  States.  Travis,  Radziminski, 
Witherell,  and  Magrader  died.  Van  Camp  was  killed 
in  battle  before  the  rebellion,  and  Wheeler  is  now  the 
professor  of  civil  and  military  engineering  at  the  Military 
Academy. 

There  were  seventy  officers  appointed  in  the  cavalry 
regiments  at  date  of  organization,  twenty-seven  from  the 
free  States  and  forty-three  from  the  slave  States  ;  and  as- 
signing them  according  to  the  status  of  the  several  States 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  only  twenty-nine  were 
appointed  from  the  seceded  States. f  A  total  of  thirty- 
nine  officers  of  the  ninety-one  named  as  belonging  to  the 
two  regiments  from  their  organization  to  the  beginning  of 
the  war  are  known  to  have  joined  the  rebellion.  Fifty  of 
the  seniors  had  received  their  baptism  of  fire,  fully  thirty 
had  won  fame  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  nearly  all  the 
younger  officers  had  participated  in  Indian  combats  in  the 
West  and  South-west. 

Of  the  officers  who  joined  the  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  Albert  S.  Johnston,  Robert  E.  Lee,  Joseph 
E.  Johnston,  Hardee,  Van  Dora,  Edmund  K.  Smith,  Stuart, 
Field,  Jenifer,  Hood,  Major,  Fitzhugh  Lee,  Kimmel,  and 
Cosby  attained  the  grade  of  general  officers  ;  and,  with  few 
exceptions,  the  others  gained  field-officers'  commissions. 
On  the  National  side  Sumner,  Thomas,  Sedgwick,  Emory, 
Oakes,  Palmer,  Stoneman,  Jr.,  Sturgis,  Wood,  McClellan, 
Carr,  Wheaton,  Stanley,  Johnson,  and  Garrard  attained 
the  grade  of  general  officers  ;  and,  with  few  exceptions, 
the  others  gained  field-officers'  commissions. 

The  simple  fact  that  many  of  these  officers  had  served  in 
the  field  during  the  war  with  Mexico  (nearly  all  the  civil- 


*  Magruder  was  assigned  to  the  Second  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant  July  1, 
1S57,  and  was  transferred  in  that  grade  to  the  First  Cavalry  April  -J4,  1858. 
t  Army  Begister,  January  1.  1S5G. 


26  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

ians  appointed  to  the  Second  Cavalry  served  in  that  war), 
and  that  nearly  all  had  seen  Indian  service  and  had  met  in 
conflicts  one  of  the  most  formidable  foes  ever  encountered 
on  the  field  of  battle,  together  with  their  subsequent  re- 
cords during  the  memorable  struggle  of  1861-65,  which  was 
marked  by  the  courage  and  stubborn  energy  of  both  com- 
batants, answers  the  assertion  that  such  officers  could  be 
the  creatures  of  any  man,  no  matter  what  his  name  might 
be  or  what  position  he  might  occupy.  The  names  of 
nearly  all  the  officers  who  remained  on  the  National  side 
became  household  words  in  Northern  homes  during  the 
war ;  while  many  of  the  officers  who  went  South  gained 
equal  distinction  in  their  section.  It  was  not  possible  for 
such  men  to  be  the  creatures  of  any  man  ;  and  their  careers, 
both  North  and  South,  prove  how  great  was  the  care  ex- 
ercised in  making  assignments  to  the  cavalry  regiments. 
It  was  well  known  and  acknowledged  by  all  who  were  in 
the  army  in  1855,  and  by  those  who  were  familiar  with  the 
service,  that  no  other  regiments  could  boast  of  a  better 
average.  It  is  a  historical  fact  that  the  officers  thus  selected 
were  superb  soldiers,  and  that  they  were  from  the  best  to 
be  found  in  the  army  and  in  civil  life. 

The  War  Department  lost  no  time  in  adopting  measures 
to  complete  the  organization  of  the  new  regiments,  and 
on  the  26th  of  March  a  general  order  was  promulgated 
to  the  army  which  carried  into  operation  the  provisions  of 
the  eighth  section  of  the  act  of  Congress  approved  March 
3,  1855,  and  announced  the  officers  of  the  regiment  as  fol- 
lows : 

( 'olonel: 

Albert   S.  Joiixstox. 

Lieutenant-Colonel : 
Robert  E.  Lee. 

Majors : 
1.  William  J.  Hardee.  2.  William  II.  Emory. 


THE   NARRATIVE. 


27 


Captains : 


1.  Earl  Tax  Dorx. 

2.  Edmund  K.  Smith. 


3. 

James  Oakes. 

8. 

4. 

Ixxis  N.  Palmer. 

9. 

5. 

George  Stoxemax,  Jr. 
First  Lieutenants: 

10. 

1. 

Nathan  G.  Eyaxs. 

1. 

2. 

ElCHARD   W.   JOIIXSOX. 

2. 

3. 

Joseph  H.  McArthur. 

3. 

4. 

Charles  W.  Field. 

4. 

5. 

Kexxer  Garrard. 

5. 

6. 

Walter  H.  Jexifer. 

G. 

7. 

William  B.  Royall. 

7. 

8. 

Alexaxder  11.  Cross. 

8. 

9. 

William  P.  Chambliss. 

9. 

10. 

Robert  1ST.  Eagle. 

10. 

Theodore  OTIara. 
William  R.  Bradfijte. 
Charles  E.  Trayis. 
Albert  G.  Brackett. 
Charles  J.  Whiting. 

Second  Lieutenants  : 

John  T.  Shaaff. 
George  B.  Cosby. 
George  B.  Axdersox. 
Nelson  B.  Sweitzer. 
William  W.  Lowe. 
Edwix  B.  Merrifield. 
George  Hartwell. 
Joseph  F.  Mixter. 
Charles  W.  Phifer. 
Robert  C.  Wood,  Jr. 


Benjamin  McCulloch,  of  Texas,  an  enterprising  leader  of 
partisan  troops,  was  strongly  pressed  by  many  influential 
friends  for  the  colonelcy  ;  but  the  unanimous  recommen- 
dation of  the  Texas  Legislature,  the  influence  of  Senator 
Rusk,  and  the  friendship  of  the  President  and  the  Secre- 
tary of  War  secured  the  appointment  for  Major  Albert 
Sidney  Johnston,  who  was  a  paymaster  in  the  army.  Mc- 
Culloch was  appointed  a  major  in  the  First  (present 
Fourth)  Cavalry.  This  was  a  high  compliment,  as  he  was 
the  only  field-officer  selected  from  civil  life.  But,  smart- 
ing under  the  defeat  for  the  higher  office,  he  declined  the 
commission.  He  had  the  generosity  to  say,  long  before 
his  death  in  battle,  that  the  government  had  acted  wisely 
in  preferring  Johnston  above  him.* 

Major  Emory  was  transferred  on  the  2Gth  of  May  to  the 
First  Cavalry,  and  Captain  George  H.  Thomas,  of  the  Third 
Artillery,  was  appointed  to  the  vacancy,  to  date  from  May 

*  "Life  of  General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,"  pp.  184,  1S5. 


28 


THE   NAKRATIVE. 


12,  1855.  The  appointment  was  first  offered  to  Captain 
Braxton  Bragg,  of  the  artillery,  who  declined  it  because 
lie  did  not  intend  to  remain  in  the  service,  and  in  doing 
so  he  said  that  he  did  not  know  a  better  man  for  the  place 
than  George  H.  Thomas,  who  had  served  with  him  as  a  lieu- 
tenant. This  favorable  mention  attracted  the  attention  of 
the  government  and  finally  secured  the  appointment  for 
him. 

The  following  assignment  of  officers  to  companies  was 
made  : 


Captains  : 

A— Van  Doex. 
B— Smith. 
C — Oakes. 
D — Palmee. 
E — Stoxejiax,  Jr. 
F— O'Haea. 
G — Beadfute. 
H— Teavis. 
I — Beackett. 
K — Whiting. 


First  Lieutenanti 

Ceoss. 

Jenifee. 

Boyall. 

Chambliss. 

Eagle. 

Evans. 

Johnson'. 

McAethur. 

Field. 

GrAEEAED. 


Second  Lieutenants 

Cosby. 
Wood,  Je. 
Meeeifield.* 
Haetwell. 

MlNTEE. 

Phifee. 

Andeesox.* 

8\yeitzee.* 

SnAAFF. 

Lowe. 


Kenner  Garrard  was  announced  (April  20)  as  adjutant, 
and  Richard  W.  Johnson  was  announced  (June  12)  as 
quartermaster. 

Of  the  thirty-four  officers  first  appointed  to  the  regi- 
ment twenty  were  graduates  of  the  Military  Academy  and 
fourteen  were  from  civil  life.  The  vacancy  caused  by  the 
selection  of  the  adjutant  (a  graduate)  was  filled  by  an 
appointment  from  civil  life. 

The  headquarters  Avere  established  at  Louisville,  Ky., 
where  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee  assumed  command  of  the 
regiment  on  the  20th  of  April.  Colonel  Johnston  arrived 
<>n  Hi."  28th  of  May,  and  a  few  days  later  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Lee  and  a  number  of  the  officers  were  transferred 


*  Declined  appointment. 


THE   NARRATIVE.  29 

to  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.,  where  the  companies  were  to 
be  organized  and  instructed.  As  some  time  was  required 
for  the  officers  to  report  at  Louisville  and  receive  their 
instructions,  the  recruiting  service  of  the  regiment  was  not 
fairly  begun  until  about  the  20th  of  May. 
The  companies  were  recruited  as  follows  : 

A.  At  Mobile,  Ala,,  by  Captain  Van  Born.  This  com- 
pany was  known  during  the  Texas  service  as  "  The  Mobile 
Grays." 

B.  At  Winchester,  Ya.,  by  Lieutenant  Jenifer. 

C.  In  Western  Pennsylvania,  by  Captain  Oakes  and 
Lieutenant  Royall. 

D.  At  Baltimore,  Md.,  by  Captain  Palmer,  and  at  Mem- 
phis, Tenn.,  by  Lieutenant  Chambliss. 

E.  At  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  by  Lieutenant  Eagle. 

F.  At  Louisville,  Ky.,  by  Captain  O'Hara. 

G.  This  company  was  composed  of  men  transferred  from 
the  Cavalry  Depot,  those  enlisted  by  Captain  Bradfute, 
and  surplus  recruits  who  had  been  enlisted  for  the  other 
companies. 

H.  At  Evansville,  Ind.,  by  Captain  Travis. 

I.  At  Logansport,  Ind.,  and  Eock  Island,  111.,  by  Cap- 
tain Brackett. 

K.  At  Cincinnati,  O.,  by  Lieutenant  Lowe. 

Colonel  Johnston  and  Major  Hardee  were  appointed  on 
the  9th  of  July,  conjointly  with  the  field-officers  of  the  First 
Cavalry,  members  of  a  Cavalry  Equipment  Board  which 
convened  at  Washington.  The  board  submitted  a  report 
and  recommendations,  which  were  published  to  the  army,* 
and  it  may  be  of  interest  to  know,  without  quoting  the  or- 
der in  detail,  how  the  cavalry  was  to  be  armed  and  equip- 
ped. Three  squadrons  of  each  regiment  were  to  be  armed 
with  the  rifle-carbine  of  the  pattern  manufactured  at  the 
Springfield  Armory,  and  one  squadron  of  each  with  the 
movable-stock  carbine,  with  the  barrel  ten  or  twelve  inches 

*  G.  0.  13,  A.  G.  0.,  August  15,  1855. 


30  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

long,  as  might  be  found  best  by  experiment.  One  squadron 
of  the  First  Cavalry  was  to  be  armed  with  the  breech-loading 
Merrill  carbine,  and  one  squadron  of  the  Second  Cavalry 
with  the  breech-loading  Perry  carbine.  Colt' s  navy  revol- 
vers and  dragoon  sabres  for  both  regiments  ;  one  squadron 
of  each  to  be  provided  with  gutta-percha  or  leather  scab- 
bards and  pistol  cases,  and  one  squadron  of  each  to  be 
supplied  with  gutta-percha  cartridge  boxes.  The  present 
leather  sabre  belt  and  carbine  sling  were  adopted.  The 
Grimsley  equipments,  as  used  by  the  other  mounted  corps, 
were  to  be  furnished  to  four  squadrons  in  each  regiment ; 
the  other  squadrons  were  to  be  supplied  with  the  Camp- 
bell saddle,  with  certain  modifications  not  necessary  to 
enumerate.  The  saddle  was  to  be  brass-mounted  and  pro- 
vided with  wooden  stirrups.  The  schdbraque  was  discon- 
tinued for  the  use  of  officers.  A  gutta-percha  talma  was 
furnished,  having  large,  loose  sleeves  and  extending  to  the 
knee.  The  hats  for  the  officers  and  men  were  the  same  as 
in  use  when  the  new  uniform  was  adopted  in  1872.  In 
other  respects  the  uniform  and  equijunents  of  the  cavalry 
regiments  were  the  same  as  used  by  the  dragoons,  except 
the  color  of  the  trimmings,  which  was  yellow  instead  of 
orange. 

Nearly  all  the  officers  were  recalled  from  recruiting 
service  during  August  and  assigned  to  duty  with  their 
companies  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  to  which  place  the  head- 
quarters were  transferred  early  in  September.  There  was 
some  sickness  at  the  Barracks  during  the  summer  and  the 
cholera  made  its  appearance  and  greatly  alarmed  the  men. 
They  suffered  for  proper  and  sufficient  clothing,  which, 
notwithstanding  requisitions  had  been  forwarded  early  in 
May,  did  not  arrive  until  late  in  September — the  facilities 
for  transportation  were  not  so  complete  then  as  now. 
These  causes,  added  to  the  new  life,  military  restraints, 
and  daily  drills,  caused  some  dissatisfaction  and  a  number 
of  desertions. 
The  horses  were  purchased  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Ken- 


THE   NARRATIVE.  31 

tucky  during  August  and  September  by  Major  Hardee, 
Captain  O'Hara,  and  Lieutenant  Field  at  an  average  price 
of  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars.  As  the  board  was  not 
restricted  to  a  fixed  sum,  a  very  serviceable  mount  was 
secured,  and  quite  a  number  of  the  horses  survived  the 
hardships  of  field-service  in  Texas  and  were  surrendered 
to  the  insurgents  when  the  regiment  evacuated  the  State. 
The  horses  were  assigned  to  companies  as  follows  :  A, 
grays  ;  B,  and  E,  sorrels  ;  C,  D,  F,  and  I,  bays  ;  G,  and  II, 
browns  ;  K,  roans.  These  distinctive  colors  were  main- 
tained during  the  service  of  the  regiment  in  Texas. 

The  instruction  proceeded  so  rapidly  that  in  the  early 
autumn  the  regiment  was  ready  for  service  and  only 
waited  for  the  necessary  orders,  which  were  issued  in 
September. *  The  regiment  was  directed  to  move  by  easy 
marches  across  the  country  to  Texas,  and  the  command- 
ing general  of  the  department  was  instructed  to  make 
timely  arrangements  for  its  distribution  upon  arrival  at 
Fort  Belknap.  The  transportation  to  make  the  march 
during  the  fall  and  winter  months,  several  hundred  miles 
of  the  route  passing  through  an  uninhabited  region,  was 
limited  to  fifteen  six-mule  wagons.  This  was  considered 
inadequate,  and  a  requisition  was  made  for  one  hundred 
and  fifty  wagons  to  transport  the  stores  and  baggage.  On 
this  requisition  only  twenty-nine  wagons  and  one  ambu- 
lance were  granted,  which  was  insufficient,  and  many  of 
the  officers  were  compelled  to  purchase  private  teams. 
The  quartermaster,  however,  had  frequent  occasion  to 
thank  the  War  Department  for  the  decision,  as  he  often 
found  much  difficulty  in  bringing  his  small  train  into 
camp  because  of  the  wretched  condition  of  the  roads.  The 
clothing  and  baggage  not  necessary  for  the  march  were 
shipped  by  water  in  charge  of  Lieutenant  McArthur,  and 
every  precaution  was  taken  to  carry  the  supplies  which 
were  necessary  for   the   comfort  of  the  men   and  which 

*  G.  0. 13,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  September  27,  1835. 


32  THE  NARRATIVE. 

coald  not  be  procured  west  of  St.  Louis.  The  resources 
of  the  country  were  relied  upon  to  furnish  meat,  flour, 
and  forage,  and,  in  order  to  secure  all  the  benefits  of  a 
march  through  a  sparsely  settled  region,  Lieutenants 
Shaaff  and  Minter  were  always  in  advance  of  the  column, 
collecting  forage  and  subsistence  stores  for  the  com- 
mand. 

The  regiment,  numbering  seven  hundred  and  fifty  men 
and  eight  hundred  horses,  marched  from  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks on  the  27th  of  October  under  the  command  of  Col- 
onel Johnston.  Mrs.  Johnston,  Mrs.  Oakes,  Mrs.  Palmer, 
and  Mrs.  Johnson  accompanied  their  husbands,  and  their 
hospitable  tents  were  centres  of  attraction  during  the  en- 
tire journey.  The  march  was  severe  upon  the  enlisted  men 
who  had  no  experience  in  camp-life  ;  but  they  were  young 
and  hardy,  able  to  endure  fatigue  and  exposure,  and  it 
was  a  novel  sensation  for  them  to  march  day  after  day 
without  seeing  a  dwelling-house.  They  soon  became 
accustomed  to  and  enjoyed  the  new  life  as  they  penetrated 
the  wilds  of  the  West,  where  but  few  white  men  had 
disturbed  the  quiet  of  nature.  The  change  from  a  gar- 
rison life  to  field-service  was  a  pleasurable  excitement, 
and  all  signs  of  discontentment  speedily  vanished.  Some 
casualties  happened,  and  several  men  died  in  consequence 
of  the  extreme  cold  weather  which  was  encountered. 

The  line  of  march  was  through  Missouri  in  a  south- 
,  west  direction,  over  the  Ozark  Mountains  and  generally  on 
the  line  of  the  Pacific  Railway  surveys,  passing  through 
Waynesville  and  Springfield,  thence  down  the  boundary 
line  of  Missouri  to  Maysville,  Ark.,  and  thence  south-west 
into  the  Indian  Territory.  The  landscapes  were  beautiful 
— wide,  undulating  prairies  dotted  with  trees  and  groves 
of  magnificent  proportions,  and  the  blue  outlines  of 
mountains  in  the  far  distance.  The  regiment  arrived  on 
the  27th  of  November  at  Tahlequah,  the  capital  of  the 
Cherokee  Nation,  and  both  officers  and  men  were  surprised 
to  find  brick  houses,  a  fine  seminary,  and  the  Indians 


THE   NARRATIVE.  33 

well  advanced  in  civilization.     The  regiment  then  inarched 
to   Fort  Gibson,  where  it  arrived  the  next  day  and  en- 
camped four  days.     The  march  was  then  resumed,  and 
after  crossing  the  Neosho  and  Arkansas  rivers  the  regi- 
ment entered  the  territory  of    the  Creek  Indians.      The 
nights  were  now  cold  and  camp-life  was  very  uncomfort- 
able.    A  driving   "norther"   overtook  the  regiment  and 
continued   all  night.      When  daybreak  came  those  who 
could  remain  in  bed  did  so  to  avoid  freezing.     The  North 
Fork  of  the  Canadian  River  was  crossed  on  the  4th  of  De- 
cember, and  soon  thereafter  the  regiment  encamped  near 
Mico,  an  Indian  village,  where  a  large  number  of  Semi- 
noles  had  assembled  on  a  trading  and  visiting  expedition. 
The  Canadian  River,  a  stream  well  supplied  with  timber 
and  quicksand,  was  forded  the  next   day,  when  an  in- 
cident occurred  which  illustrated  the   treacherous  char- 
acter of  the  beds  of  Western  rivers.     The  quartermaster 
and  Captain    Bradfute   had    selected    a    crossing  where 
the  bottom    seemed  to  be  firm,  and  the  captain  led  the 
column    the    next  morning   to   the  ford;    but  his  little 
brown  horse,  "Bow-Legs,"  with  a  sagacious  shake  of  the 
head,  refused  to  go  into  the  water  until  the  spurs  were 
applied.     He  then  plunged  in,  and  his  rider  instantly  de- 
scribed a  circle  over  his  head  and  disappeared  in  the  river. 
It  seems  that  while  moving  over  the  bottom  for  the  pur 
pose  of  testing  the  ford  the  sand  was  disturbed  and  set  in 
motion  by  the  water,  which  washed  out  a  hole  ten  feet 
deep  before  the  command  was  ready  to  make  the  crossing. 
The  horse  was  more  far-seeing  than  the  captain,  who  was 
comforted  with  a  regimental  vote  that  he  was  not  fairly 
thrown  from  the  saddle  ;  any  other  decision  would  have 
cost  him  a  basket  of  champagne. 

The  regiment  encamped  on  the  7th  of  December  near  a 
large  village  of  Choctaws,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Washita 
five  days  later,  where  a  salute  was  fired  in  its  honor  by 
Captain  Bragg' s  Battery.  A  number  of  officers  were  at 
(ho  post  in  attendance  upon  a  general  court-martial.     The 

3 


34  THE   NARRATIVE. 

genial  sutler,  Sam.  Humes,  gave  an  elegant  dinner-party, 
and  it  was  upon  this  occasion  that  Colonel  Johnston  pro- 
posed the  memorable  toast, "  Hospitality,  the  offspring  of 
a  noble  sentiment."  Lieutenant  Evans,  like  a  thorough- 
bred dragoon,  proposed  a  race  after  dinner  and  wagered  his 
favorite  "  Bumble-Bee  "  against  the  garrison.  Lieutenant 
Oliver  D.  Greene  (now  a  brevet  brigadier -general)  accepted 
the  wager  and  brought  out  an  artillery  horse.  The  riders 
were  mounted  and  the  "go"  was  given,  but  to  this  day  no 
man  knows  how  the  race  ended.  The  regiment  encamped 
for  several  days  near  Fort  Washita,  and  then  marched  to 
Red  River  and  crossed  the  stream  on  the  15th  ;  passed 
through  Preston,  Texas,  and  arrived  at  the  Upper  Cross 
Timbers  on  the  19th,  where  the  horses  suffered  greatly  be- 
cause of  a  scarcity  of  water.  On  the  22d,  when  about  fifty 
miles  north-east  of  Fort  Belknap,  the  command  was  caught 
by  one  of  the  most  severe  "  northers  "  ever  experienced  in 
Texas.  At  the  close  of  a  warm,  pleasant  day  a  cold  wind- 
storm came  with  great  violence,  and  the  thermometer  fell 
below  zero,  and  ice  six  inches  thick  was  made.  This  was 
followed  by  rain,  hail,  snow,  and  sleet,  and  the  inarch  was 
abandoned  for  some  days,  as  the  storm  was  too  terrible  to 
encounter.  Several  horses  were  frozen  to  death  at  the 
picket-lines.  Christmas  was  passed  in  camp,  and  the 
officers  and  men  enjoyed  the  day  as  best  they  could- 
Captain  Whiting  and  Lieutenant  Lowe  succeeded,  after 
several  failures,  in  making  an  egg-nog  with  frozen  eggs  ; 
and  Captain  Brackett  used  to  tell  the  story  of  how  Captain 
Whiting,  who  was  the  officer  of  the  day,  insisted  that 
Colonel  Johnston  must  join  his  party,  because  it  was  not 
possible  for  the  commanding  officer  and  the  officer  of  the 
day  to  become,  at  the  same  time,  so  much  under  the  in- 
fluence, etc.  Captain  Smith  relieved  Captain  Whiting 
that  evening,  and  the  legend  is  that  both  were  very 
military  during  the  ceremony  of  guard-mounting. 

The  regiment  arrived  at  Fort  Belknap  on  the  27th,  and 
the  long  march  was  ended.    The  thermometer  was  now  uni- 


THE   NARRATIVE.  35 

formly  below  zero,  and  one  hundred  and  thirteen  oxen, 
belonging  to  a  train  which  was  encamped  near  the  post, 
were  frozen  to  death  during  the  day  upon  which  the  regi- 
ment arrived  at  Fort  Belknap. 

The  officers  of  the  regiment  represented  all  sections  of 
the  country,  and  they  had  great  pride  in  their  profession. 
Twenty-four  had  received  their  baptism  of  fire,  while  John- 
ston, Lee,  Hardee,  Thomas,  Van  Dorn,  Smith,  Oakes, 
Palmer,  Stoneman,  Jr.,  O'Hara,  Bradfnte,  Brackett,  Jeni- 
fer, Royall,  Cross,  Chambliss,  Eagle,  Radziminski,  Minter, 
and  Wheeler  had  served  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  during 
which  the  National  armies  won  thirty  victories,  captured 
ten  fortified  places  and  the  city  of  Mexico,  and  extended 
their  conquests  over  the  territory  of  Mexico  and  Califor- 
nia, which  resulted  in  adding  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Utah, 
Nevada,  and  California  to  the  United  States  of  America. 


Second  Period—  1856-18G1. 


SERVICE   IN   TEXAS   EEOM   THE   EIO   GEASDE   TO   THE 
CANADIAN   EIVEE. 


CHAPTER  II. 

The  Topography  of  Texas — Indian  Warfare — Pioneers  of  the  West — Assign- 
ment to  Stations— Combats  with  the  Waco  and  Lipan  Indians— Comanche. 
Expedition — Fort  Mason  Derby — Combats  on  the  Rio  Grande  and  near  the 
Head-waters  of  the  Concho  River. 

Texas  lias  an  area  of  two  hundred  and  thirty-seven 
thousand  square  miles,  or  about  one  hundred  and  fifty 
millions  of  acres.  The  topography  is,  briefly,  as  follows  : 
A  level  prairie  borders  on  the  coast  for  a  distance  of  about 
three  hundred  and  eighty  miles,  but  towards  the  interior 
the  surface  gradually  rises  and  becomes  undulating,  still 
farther  inland  hilly,  and  then  mountainous.  The  timber 
appears  as  the  country  becomes  undulating,  especially  in 
the  eastern  portion ;  but  after  crossing  an  extensive  belt 
of  woodland  more  than  one  hundred  miles  from  the  coast, 
high,  rolling  prairies  are  found,  composed  of  rich  soil,  cov- 
ered with  mesquite-grass,  and  having  sufficient  timber,  on 
the  banks  of  the  streams  and  in  the  valleys,  for  ordinary 
purposes.  It  is  an  alluvial  country,  having  but  little  rock 
on  the  surface,  and  everywhere  can  be  found  evidences  of 
its  having  been  submerged.  In  the  extreme  north  primi- 
tive rocks  are  found,  but  they  are  rarely,  if  ever,  found  in 
the  inhabited  districts.  The  variety  of  latitude  and  eleva- 
tion furnishes  a  like  variety  of  climate  and  productions. 


THE   NARRATIVE.  37 

The  orange  and  sugar-cane  grow  in  the  south,  cotton  in  the 
middle  section,  and  wheat  in  the  north.  We  have  no  State 
where  a  greater  variety  of  agricultural  productions  can 
be  cultivated.  The  cattle  ranges  are  almost  unlimited. 
Galveston  is  the  principal  harbor,  about  four  hundred 
miles  from  New  Orleans,  and  with  its  railroad  connections 
affords  an  outlet  for  commercial  purposes.  It  is  not  a 
matter  of  surprise  that  the  Mexican  government  made 
such  determined  efforts  to  retain  this  rich  territory.  The 
massacres  committed  under  the  sanction  of  its  authority, 
atrocious  in  their  inception  and  execution,  and  unparal- 
leled in  modern  history,  serve  to  show  how  highly  it  was 
valued.  The  cause  for  surprise  is  that  Mexico,  even  after 
the  capture  of  Santa  Anna,  permitted  the  Texans,  with 
their  small  army,  scant  equipments,  and  crippled  resources 
— destitute  of  almost  everything  save  an  invincible  cour- 
age— to  conquer  their  independence  ;  but  conquer  it  they 
did,  and  by  feats  of  valor  of  which  they  could  well  afford 
to  boast. 

The  regiment  was  now  entering  a  field  of  duty  which  it 
was  destined  to  occupy  until  the  conflict  of  1861  burst  with 
such  terrible  fury  upon  the  country.  During  the  years  of 
which  we  are  about  to  write  the  plains  of  Texas  were  made 
famous  by  its  many  gallant  deeds,  and  the  settlers  on  that 
far-away  frontier  tilled  their  farms  in  peace,  herded  their 
cattle  in  security,  and  slept  quietly  while  its  officers  and 
men  held  watch  and  ward  over  them  and  theirs.  The  skill 
with  which  the  regiment  was  used  and  the  courage  and 
activity  of  the  officers  and  men  soon  made  the  frontier  of 
Texas  an  unpopular  field  for  the  operations  of  marauding 
Indians.  The  life  led  there  had  many  bright,  sunny  days, 
and,  all  in  all,  it  was  as  pleasant  as  could  be  expected  on 
a  distant  frontier  ;  now  camping  beside  a  beautiful  stream 
under  the  kindly  shade  of  oaks,  and  the  next  night,  by 
way  of  contrast,  making  a  camp  at  a  water-hole  with  a 
cook-fire  of  weeds  ;  one  day  enjoying  the  superb  climate,  so 
soft  and  balmy,  and  the  next  facing  a  terrible  "norther"  ; 


38  THE  NAERATIVE. 

now  marching*  along  the  banks  of  a  bold,  impetuous 
stream,  and  later  following  the  trail  over  a  broad  prairie, 
beneath  a  blazing  sun,  with  empty  canteens,  keenly  watch- 
ing the  signs ;  and  as  the  trail  became  fresh  the  blazing- 
sun  and  empty  canteens  would  be  forgotten  in  the  eager- 
ness to  overtake  and  punish  the  marauding  savages.  Thus 
again  and  again  the  march  would  continue  for  days,  until 
the  officers  and  men  resembled  in  apvjearance  the  Indians 
they  were  pursuing  more  than  they  did  the  "boys  in 
blue ' '  that  they  were. 

During  the  Texas  service  the  regiment  fought  forty  well- 
contested  engagements  with  the  Lipan,  Apache,  Kiowa, 
and  Comanche  Indians.  Reconnaissances  by  scores  were 
made  on  the  frontiers  as  precautionary  measures  and  to 
gather  reliable  information  concerning  the  movements  of 
the  hostile  tribes.  A  pursuit  of  hostile  Indians  is  replete 
with  excitement,  which  grows  stronger  as  the  trail  gains  in 
distinctness  and  becomes,  in  Western  parlance,  "  hotter." 
There  is  enough  danger  in  the  pursuit  and  possible  sub- 
sequent attack  to  make  it  inviting.  Indian  service  teaches 
individuality  in  a  broad  and  comprehensive  sense.  After 
a  man  has  served  a  few  years  on  the  frontiers  he  be- 
comes wary,  suspicious  of  danger  and  watchful  of  its  ap- 
proach, until  these  become  characteristics  of  his  every-day 
life.  These  distinctive  traits  readily  mark  the  experienced 
soldier  and  frontier-man,  as  their  absence  clearly  indicates 
the  verdancy  of  the  recruit  and  the  recent  arrival,  whose 
life  often  pays  the  forfeit  for  an  unfortunate  lack  of  expe- 
rience. It  is  a  truism  that  the  more  a  man  knows  of 
Indians  the  more  he  respects  them  and  the  more  carefully 
he  guards  against  their  cunning. 

Nearly  all  men  have  a  general  idea  of  civilized  warfare, 
but  only  a  few  appreciate  what  is  meant  by  frontier  service. 
Not  more  than  five  men  of  a  hundred  who  read  in  the  news- 
papers that  the  regular  troops  had  an  engagement  with 
hostile  Indians  understand  what  it  has  cost  in  toil  and 
suffering,  life  and  money,  to  secure  the  result. 


THE   NARRATIVE. 


39 


It  is  safe  to  assert  that  outside  of  army  circles  only  a 
few  persons  realize  that  the  troops  had  been  pursuing  the 
enemy  for  days,  sometimes  weeks  (as  is  of  ten  the  ease) ; 
carrying  bacon  and  hard-bread  in  the  saddle-bags  ;  suffer- 
ing at  times  for  water  ;  shivering  at  night  under  a  saddle 
blanket  and  sweltering  during  the  day  beneath  a  blazing- 
sun  ;  wearied  with  marching  day  and  night  and  by  an  in- 
tensity of  alertness  which  is  essential  to  secure  success  ; 
and  that  finally,  when  the  troops  had  succeeded  in  over- 
taking the  enemy,  the  attack  was  made  with  the  courage 
which  men  display  when  fighting  with  the  knowledge  that 
defeat  means  death  by  torture,  that  they  were  remote 
from  assistance,  and  that  there  was  no  hope  in  retreat,  no 
safety  but  in  victory. 

If  soldiers  suffer  a  defeat  in  civilized  warfare  the  worst 
that  can  happen  is  a  surrender.  The  wounded  are  treated 
in  accordance  with  the  recognized  rules  of  warfare  between 
civilized  belligerents.  If  troops  are  defeated  in  Indian 
warfare  there  is  no  surrender.  If  they  cannot  success- 
fully retreat,  those  of  the  number  not  fortunate  enough  to 
be  killed  outright  in  the  combat  will  be  subjected  to  cruel 
tortures  for  the  amusement  of  the  women  and  children  of 
the  warriors.  It  is,  therefore,  apparent  that  the  officers 
who  lead  detachments  of  troops  against  hostile  Indians, 
where  the  chances  are  about  equal,  are  the  leaders  of  for- 
lorn hopes,  and  that  the  men  who  follow  them  are  heroes. 
Their  only  safety  is  in  victory.  The  slightest  indication 
of  wavering  is  fatal,  as  the  enemy  will  seize  the  advantage 
with  all  the  acuteness  of  their  savage  intellects,  and  will 
press  it  for  all  it  is  worth.  It  requires  a  higher  order 
of  courage  to  fight  the  warlike  Indians  of  the  West  than 
it  does  to  engage  a  civilized  foe ;  and  while  Indian  cam- 
paigns may  not  constitute  a  state  of  war  within  the  mean- 
ing of  the  Revised  Statutes  of  the  United  States,  they  do 
present  the  most  active  peace  establishments  recorded  in 
the  history  of  the  country. 

Let  the"  men  who  have  never  heard  the  war-whoop  of 


40  THE   NARRATIVE. 

the  Sioux,  Apache,  or  Comanche,  and  who  think  that  In- 
dian warfare  is  a  picnic,  having  no  dangers  or  hardships  in 
it,  join  the  regular  troops  for  a  campaign  ;  let  them  make 
night  marches,  suffer  for  water,  dovetail  themselves  be- 
tween straggling  beds  of  cacti  for  chance  sleep  during  the 
night,  eat  bacon  and  hard-bread — with  a  change  to  horse- 
meat,  at  times,  to  vary  the  monotony  of  the  diet — and 
finally  meet  the  enemy  in  his  chosen  position  and  be  com- 
pelled to  dislodge  him.  They  will  then  learn  that  the  In- 
dians rarely  throw  away  shots,  however  often  the  soldiers, 
because  they  have  an  abundance  of  ammunition,  may  do 
so.  They  will  learn,  if  the  troops  are  defeated,  that  it  re- 
quires the  coolest  courage  to  extricate  the  command  from 
destruction  ;  that  the  idea  of  a  surrender  cannot  be  en- 
tertained for  a  moment,  because  a  surrender  would  re- 
sult in  certain  death.  Indian  warfare  may  be  briefly 
stated  as  "war  even  to  the  knife,"  so  far  as  the  white 
men  are  concerned.  The  Indians  do  surrender  when 
nothing  more  is  to  be  gained  by  fighting,  and  they  are 
sure  of  being  fed  and  clothed  at  the  public  expense  until 
they  are  again  ready  for  the  war-path. 

It  often  happens,  when  the  country  congratulates  itself 
upon  a  year  of  peace,  that  the  regular  army  has  been  con- 
stantly at  work,  standing  between  the  Indians  and  the 
pioneers  who  are  marking  out  the  path  of  empire  in  the 
West,  officers  and  men  falling  on  unnamed  fields,  winning 
honor  and  praise  only  from  those  who  know  the  value  of 
their  services. 

We  read  of  the  pioneers  who  have  fought  on  the  skir- 
mish-line in  the  battle  of  civilization  until  the  waters  of  the 
Pacific  have  stayed  their  course.  For  courage  and  endur- 
ance they  have  ever  been  proudly  pre-eminent.  They  con- 
stitute an  essential  element  in  the  progress  of  a  new  coun- 
try, and  many  of  them  in  early  youth  abandoned  honored 
homes  for  the  wilds  of  the  West.  They  are  men  of  deeds, 
not  words  ;  rough,  and  often  viciously  inclined  when 
aroused  to  anger,  but  always  proving  by  their  frank  and 


THE   NARRATIVE.  41 

fearless  manners  that  nature  can  excel  art  in  producing 
the  best  type  of  a  generous  manhood.  These  men  are 
passing  away  because  there  are  only  a  few  fields  remaining 
for  them  to  conquer.  Since  civilization  crossed  the  Ohio 
River  and  began  her  march  towards  the  western  sea  the 
officers  and  men  of  the  army  have  moved  side  by  side  with 
these  pioneers — often  in  their  advance,  rarely  in  their  rear. 
From  the  pioneers  the  army  learned  lessons  of  fortitude, 
of  individuality,  and  of  perseverance  which,  at  a  critical 
period  in  the  history  of  the  nation,  repaid  a  thousand-fold 
all  the  moneys  appropriated  for  its  support.  Officers  and 
men  become  cosmopolitan— citizens  of  a  nation,  not  of  a 
State.  They  see  so  much  of  this  grand  country  that  they 
exult  in  the  magnificent  thought  of  Coleridge  :  "A  nation 
of  a  hundred  million  freemen,  stretching  from  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Pacific,  living  under  the  laws  of  Alfred  and  speak- 
ing the  language  of  Shakespeare." 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  regiment  at  Fort  Belknap  orders 
were  received  assigning  the  companies  to  stations.  The 
headquarters,  with  companies  B,  C,  D,  G,  H,  and  I,  were 
directed  to  occupy  the  old  post  of  Fort  Mason,  on  the  Rio 
Llano ;  and  companies  A,  E,  F,  and  K,  under  Major  Har- 
dee, were  directed  to  establish  a  station  near  the  Indian 
Reservation  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos,  about  forty 
miles  from  Fort  Belknap,  for  the  purpose  of  watching  the 
northern  and  middle  Comanches.  Major  Hardee  arrived 
there  on  the  3d  of  January,  1856,  and  established  a  station 
about  one  mile  above  the  Indian  village,  which  was  named 
"Cooper"  in  honor  of  the  adjutant-general  of  the  army. 
The  companies  lived  in  tents  during  the  winter,  which 
was  one  of  the  most  severe  ever  experienced  in  that  sec- 
tion. Northers  followed  each  other  in  rapid  succession, 
and  as  there  were  no  stables  the  horses  suffered  severely 
and  were  frequently  covered  with  frozen  sleet.  An  attempt 
was  made  to  erect  shelter  for  them,  but  failed  because 
of  the  poor  material  at  hand  ;  and  the  picket-lines  of  two 
of   the  companies  were  located  under  the  shelter  of  the 


42  THE   2TAKKATIVE. 

high  banks  of  the  creek,  while  the  others  located  their 
picket-lines  on  two  benches  on  the  mountain-side.  Many 
of  the  horses  perished  because  of  the  exposure,  although, 
strange  as  it  may  seem,  none  of  them  died  until  the  good 
weather  came,  when  the  staggers  prevailed  to  an  alarm- 
ing extent  and  they  died  in  great  numbers.  There  was 
excellent  hunting  in  the  vicinity  of  the  camp,  and  the 
men  were  encouraged  to  avail  themselves  of  this  recreation 
to  assist  in  educating  them  to  ride,  shoot,  and  acquire  a 
knowledge  of  the  adjacent  country. 

The  headquarters  and  six  companies  destined  for  Fort 
Mason  started  from  Fort  Belknap  about  the  same  time, 
and,  crossing  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos,  the  Pecan,  the 
Colorado,  and  the  San  Saba  rivers,  arrived  at  their  desti- 
nation on  the  14th  of  January,  1S56.  During  the  march 
one  of  the  men  killed  an  American  lion  (known  in  Texas  as 
a  cougar),  which  charged  upon  him  with  distended  jaws 
and  full  of  fight.  The  event  created  quite  a  ripple  of 
excitement  in  the  command.  A  number  of  horses  died 
during  the  march  because  of  their  exposure  to  the  severe 
wen  ther. 

The  quarters  were  found  to  be  insufficient  for  the  com- 
fort of  the  families,  and  Colonel  Johnston,  setting  an  ex- 
ample, reserved  only  one  room  for  his  own  use.  The 
buildings  were  only  sufficient  for  store-rooms  and  hospital 
purposes.  The  officers  were  provided  with  hospital  and 
wall  tents,  and  the  men  had  "  Sibleys,"  which  were  raised 
five  feet  from  the  ground  and  supported  on  posts,  the  in- 
tervals between  which  were  closed  with  adobe  mud.  No 
preparation  had  been  made  for  the  troops,  and  the  only 
bread  they  had  was  made  of  corn  crushed  in  a  mortar. 
This  condition  of  affairs  continued  until  a  supply  train 
arrived  bringing  rations,  clothing,  and  the  regimental  bag- 
gage. The  command  was  established  in  a  camp  near  the 
old  fort,  and  small  parties  were  frequently  sent  out,  more 
for  the  purpose  of  instructing  the  men  than  with  any  hope 
of  meeting  hostile  Indians. 


THE   NARRATIVE.  43 

The  march  from  Jefferson  Barracks  to  Texas  afforded  an 
excellent  school  in  which  to  teach  horsemanship  to  the 
men.  A Vliile  exercise  in  a  riding-hall  imparts  the  theory 
of  horsemanship,  which  is  essential,  only  time  and  practice 
can  make  good  riders,  and  it  is  a  proverb  that  good  riders 
will  make  good  raiders.  Moreover,  in  a  contest  on  horse- 
back, it  is  not  the  powerful  but  the  skilful  rider  who  will 
generally  win  the  victory.  The  rider  who  does  not  know 
how  to  manage  his  horse  will  surely  meet  with  disaster 
when  he  is  matched  against  a  rider  who  does  know  how  to 
do  so.  No  more  forcible  illustration  of  this  truth  can  be 
found  than  in  the  superior  skill  displayed  by  the  mounted 
Indians  of  the  West.  They  are  the  model  irregular  light 
cavalry  of  North  America.  Mounted  they  are  every- 
thing ;  dismounted  they  are  nothing.  Their  remarkable 
skill  in  horsemanship  is  universally  acknowledged.  A 
cavalry  recruit  should  not  be  assigned  to  a  regiment  until 
he  gives  promise  of  making  a  good  rider  and  knows  how 
to  take  care  of  a  horse. 

When  the  regiment  reached  its  stations  in  Texas  the 
border  was  filled  with  terror.  The  year  1855  had  been  one 
of  unusual  disaster.  The  Indians  had  murdered  and  pil- 
laged as  far  down  as  the  Blanco,  within  twenty  miles  of 
Austin,  and  (in  September)  even  below  San  Antonio.  The 
arrival  of  the  regiment  changed  the  aspect  of  affairs,  and 
a  vigorous  warfare  upon  the  Comanches,  illustrated  by 
many  successful  combats,  gave  an  unwonted  security  to 
the  settlers.  One  of  the  newspapers  said,  in  speaking 
of  Colonel  Johnston  and  the  regiment:  "We  believe 
we  express  the  common  sentiment  of  our  frontier  people 
that  no  predecessor  has  given  more  satisfaction  to  them, 
or  inspired  them  with  more  confidence  in  the  United 
States  army,  than  this  gallant  officer  and  well-known 
citizen.-' 

The  combats  and  encounters  of  the  regiment  were  fre- 
quently complimented  in  orders,  which  measurably  indi- 
cated the  services  rendered,  though  not  the  toil,  the  ac- 


44  THE  NAERATIVE. 

tivity,  the  suffering,  and  the  useful  results  of  its  employ- 
ment. 

Captain  Oakes,  with  a  part  of  his  company,  started  from 
Fort  Mason  on  the  14th  of  February  in  pursuit  of  a  band 
of  Waco  Indians.  On  the  third  day  he  found  their  trail 
and  followed  it  six  days  in  the  direction  of  and  beyond 
Fort  Terrett,  and  on  the  22d  he  overtook  the  enemy  and 
routed,  them,  killing  and  wounding  several  warriors  and 
capturing  their  animals  and  other  property.  Two  of  the 
men  were  severely  wounded  and  several  arrows  passed 
through  the  clothing  of  two  others.  The  troops  were 
exposed  to  wet  and  cold  weather,  and  for  more  than  seven 
days  subsisted  upon  two  days'  allowance  of  bread  and  cof- 
fee, such  game  as  they  could  kill,  and  the  flesh  of  horses 
they  were  obliged  to  abandon.  This  was  the  first  blood 
for  the  regiment. 

A  party  of  Lipans  made  a  descent  in  March  upon  the 
settlements  on  the  Cibolo,  not  far  from  San  Antonio,  and 
killed  two  citizens  and  carried  away  a  large  quantity  of 
valuable  property.  Captain  Brackett,  with  a  part  of  his 
company,  was  then  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  the 
8th  the  marauders,  numbering  twenty-five  warriors,  were 
discovered  by  First  Sergeant  Gordon  encamped  in  a  dense 
cedar-brake  near  the  river.  As  a  mounted  charge  could 
not  be  made,  the  men  dashed  in  on  foot  among  the  rocks 
and  cedars,  and  a  volley  from  their  carbines  was  the  first 
notification  to  the  savages  that  the  avengers  of  their  late 
barbarities  were  upon  them.  They  were  completely  sur- 
prised, and  after  a  slight  resistance  fled  from  the  field, 
leaving  their  plunder  and  property  behind.  Their  loss 
was  never  known,  but  three  warriors  were  killed,  a  num- 
ber of  horses  and  mules  were  captured,  and  sundry 
land  papers  of  importance,  a  draft  for  one  thousand 
pounds  sterling,  and  a  large  supply  of  clothing  were  re- 
covered. 

Colonel  Johnston  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
Department  of  Texas,  to  date  from  April  1,  1856,  and  con- 


THE   NARRATIVE.  45 

tinned  to  command  the  regiment  with  the  headquarters  at 
San  Antonio. 

Captain  Oakes,  with  a  part  of  his  company,  started  on 
an  expedition  on  the  20th  of  April,  marched  four  hundred 
and  fifty  miles,  and  defeated,  with  some  loss,  a  party  of 
Comanches  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Concho  River 
on  the  1st  of  May,  and  returned  to  Fort  Mason  after  an 
absence  of  twenty-two  days. 

It  was  decided  in  June,  1856,  to  dispatch  an  expedition 
against  the  Comanches,  and  accordingly  companies  A  and 
F  marched  from  Camp  Cooper  and  companies  B  and  Gr 
marched  from  Fort  Mason  on  the  12th,  and  united  at  Fort 
Chadbourne  on  the  18th,  where  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee 
assumed  the  command.  The  expedition  then  proceeded  to 
the  head -waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers,  where 
Captain  Van  Dorn  with  his  company,  after  a  tedious  pur- 
suit, surprised  a  party  of  Comanches  on  the  1st  of  July, 
and  killed  two  warriors  and  captured  one  prisoner,  twelve 
animals,  and  other  property.  The  companies  rejoined 
their  stations  on  the  23d  of  July. 

Daring  the  movement  Captain  Evans  was  directed  to 
make  a  reconnaissance  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  if 
a  suitable  place  could  be  found  for  a  summer  encamp- 
ment on  any  of  the  streams  near  the  head-waters  of 
the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers.  The  captain  rejoined 
the  command  in  due  season,  and  reported  that  he  had 
found  a  beautiful  location  which  was  well  supplied 
with  wood,  water,  and  grass.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee 
quietly  listened  until  the  captain  had  completed  his  ver- 
bal report,  and  then,  with  a  merry  twinkle  in  his  eyes, 
said:  "Captain,  your  report  is  quite  satisfactory;  but 
did  you  drink  of  the  water  to  ascertain  if  it  was  good?" 
Captain  Evans  instantly  replied:  "By  Jove!  I  never 
thought  to  taste  the  water."  Those  who  remember 
"Shanks  Evans"  will  appreciate  the  quiet  joke  at  his 
expense. 
The  regiment  had  quite  an  excitement  dining  the  sum- 


46  THE   NARRATIVE. 

mer,  known  as  "The  Fort  Mason  Derby."  Captain  Evans 
matched  his  famous  "Bumble-Bee"  against  Lieutenant 
Jenifer's  "Gray  Eagle"  for  one  thousand  yards  and 
repeat. 

Bumble-Bee  was  a  slashing  thorough-bred  Glencoe  colt 
by  imported  Glencoe.  His  style  and  carriage  were  very 
fine,  and  for  a  large  horse  (about  sixteen  hands)  the  most 
perfect  working  thorough-bred  a  man  could  desire.  His 
legs,  without  a  blemish,  were  set  on  springing  pasterns  and 
sound  feet.  He  had  a  good  body  with  broad  quarters,  in- 
dicating immense  power ;  a  full  neck  and  an  ugly  head 
well  up  ;  small  and  clean-cut  ears  ;  broad  forehead  ;  large 
eyes,  clear,  bold,  and  intelligent,  but  giving  out  occasional 
flashes  of  his  temper  ;  high  withers  and  loins,  but  not  at  all 
sway-backed.  His  general  appearance  indicated  power, 
courage,  and  activity  ;  and  he  was  one  of  the  finest  of 
the  many  fine  horses  in  the  regiment,  and  was  reputed 
to  be  one  of  the  fastest  horses  in  Texas,  but  he  was 
wild,  untamable,  and  difficult  to  manage.  He  could  carry 
any  reasonable  weight.  A  thousand  yards  was  his  best 
distance,  as  he  never  settled  into  his  stride  under  four 
hundred  yards,  and  he  had  defeated,  every  horse  that 
had  been  matched  against  him  at  that  distance.  Beyond 
this  distance  he  would  begin  to  throw  up  his  tail  and 
stride  a  little  abroad,  and  required  the  whip  to  keep  him 
up  to  his  work.  He  was  not  fast  for  a  short  race  for  the 
reason  just  given,  and  had  been  defeated  in  a  quarter  race 
at  Fort  Mason  by  an  inferior  horse  ;  neither  was  he  to  be 
wholly  relied  upon  for  his  distance,  as  he  was  sometimes 
vicious  about  starting ;  but  if  well  started  it  was  difficult 
to  defeat  him. 

Gray  Eagle  was  by  Wilton  Brown,  he  by  imported 
Priam.  He  was  a  remarkably  well-built  horse,  but  not  so 
large  as  Bumble-Bee  and  of  a  shorter  stride.  He  pos- 
sessed fine  staying  qualities,  a  superbly  elastic  step,  and 
was  full  worthy  of  contending  for  racing  honors  against 
his  famous  rival. 


THE  NAERATIVE.  47 

A  General  Court-Martial  was  in  session  at  Fort  Mason, 
and  quite  a  number  of  officers  were  in  attendance,  includ- 
ing Colonel  Johnston,  Major  Thomas,  and  Captain  John 
H.  King  (now  a  brevet  major-general).  The  race  was  made 
by  the  officers  of  the  regiment,  Lieutenant  Wood  being 
the  prime  mover.  An  offer  was  made  to  run  Bumble-Bee 
against  Gray  Eagle  for  one  thousand  yards,  which  Lieu- 
tenant Jenifer  declined,  as  he  preferred  mile  heats.  He 
was  induced,  however,  to  make  a  race  for  one  thousand 
yards  and  repeat,  although  against  his  judgment,  as  Bum- 
ble-Bee had  made  good  races  in  Kentucky,  while  Gray 
Eagle's  speed  and  strength  had  never  been  tested  except 
on  the  drill-ground  and  in  the  Baucher  school.  The  race 
was  to  be  run  within  ten  days,  and  all  seemed  to  have 
a  special  interest  in  the  coming  event — the  ladies  betting 
gloves  and  handkerchiefs,  and  the  officers  baskets  of 
champagne  and,  here  and  there,  a  pay  account ;  but  the 
two  thorough-bred  descendants  of  imported  sires  were 
supposed  to  be  so  evenly  matched  that  neither  had  any 
advantage  in  the  betting,  although  the  little  gray  had 
more  admirers,  especially  with  the  ladies,  who  were  lavish 
with  their  praises  as  the  handsome  grandson  of  Priam 
passed  their  carriages  in  taking  his  preparatory  canter 
before  the  start.  His  well-known  staying  qualities  were 
an  advantage  to  him  on  the  deep  and  uneven  track,  while 
his  elastic  step  and  glossy  coat,  together  with  the  artistic 
arrangement  of  his  mane  and  tail,  made  him  the  favorite. 
Bumble-Bee  was  not  looking  so  well.  He  seemed  to  have 
lost  his  usual  race-like  stride  as  he  cantered  down  the 
track,  and  the  dulness  of  his  eyes  showed  that  he  was  not 
in  first-rate  condition — probably  the  quartermaster  had 
failed  to  furnish  suitable  forage  for  the  important  occa- 
sion. The  easy,  elastic  stride  of  Gray  Eagle  as  he  came 
down  the  home-stretch  caught  the  eyes  of  experienced 
riders,  who  pronounced  him  in  a  condition  to  run  for  a 
man's  life.  Bumble-Bee's  stride,  although  longer,  was 
not  so  much  admired,  especially  as  the  track  was  deep 


48  TIIE   NARKATIVE. 

and  heavy,  and  it  was  feared  that  he  could  not  stand  the 
push,  so  the  main  chance  for  Gray  Eagle  was  to  make 
play  from  the  start  and  keep  his  rival  moving. 

Lieutenant  Van  Camp,  who  was  Bumble-Bee's  rider,  had 
an  easy  and  graceful  seat,  and  was  one  of  the  best  "close- 
seat"  riders  in  the  regiment.  The  rider  of  Gray  Eagle 
was  his  owner,  who  had  often  in  civil  life  followed  the 
hounds  over  rough  places  ;  had  once  crowned  a  queen  of 
beauty  on  the  tournament  field  ;  had  carried  off  the  prize 
in  many  races  with  gentlemen  riders,  and  had  never  lost 
a  basket  of  champagne  on  the  slowest  horse. 

After  the  horses  had  been  given  their  preliminary  canter 
they  came  up  for  the  start.  Bumble-Bee  was  quiet  but 
slightly  nervous  ;  Gray  Eagle  was  all  life,  but  did  not  pull 
three  pounds  on  the  bit.  The  starting  judges  were  Lieu- 
tenants Johnson  and  Wood,  and  the  coming-out  judges 
were  Captain  Bradfute  and  Lieutenant  Field.  The  rivals 
stood  nearly  side  by  side,  Bumble-Bee  a  trifle  ahead  and 
Gray  Eagle  on  the  inside.  The  judges  gave  the  "go" 
and  Van  Camp  made  a  dash  for  the  inside  ;  but  Gray 
Eagle  did  not  move,  as  Jenifer  claimed  a  false  start,  which 
Van  Camp  admitted  and  was  turning  back  when  Captain 
Evans  said,  "Goon."  Bumble-Bee  then  made  the  run 
around  the  track  and  won  the  heat  without  an  effort,  as 
Gray  Eagle  did  not  move  from  the  starting-post.  After  a 
lengthy  discussion  the  judges  allowed  the  heat  and  Cap- 
tain Evans  claimed  the  race ;  but  as  there  is  no  distance 
in  a  thousand  yards,  unless  agreed  to  by  both  parties,  the 
claim  was  not  allowed  and  the  second  heat  was  ordered. 
This,  of  course,  had  to  be  run.  good  or  bad.  The  horses 
were  again  mounted,  with  Bumble-Bee  on  the  inside. 
The  "go"  was  given  and  a  fair  start  was  made.  The 
only  chance  for  Gray  Eagle  was  to  keex>  his  rival  moving 
and  give  him  no  respite.  He  could  gain  some  at  the  turn, 
which  was  a  sharp  one,  and  where  Bumble-Bee's  long- 
stride  would  cause  him  to  lose  a  few  lengths  before  he 
could  "  straighten  out  "  on  the  home-stretch.   At  this  critz- 


THE   NARRATIVE.  49 

cal  juncture  Van  Camp  leaned  forward,  gave  the  reins, 
applied  the  whip,  drawing  blood  at  each  stroke,  and 
Bumble-Bee  began  to  throw  up  his  tail  and  stride  a  little 
abroad,  for  the  track  was  heavy  and  uneven.  If  the  race 
had  been  for  twelve  hundred  yards  Gray  Eagle  would 
have  won  the  heat,  as  he  was  gaining  rapidly  on  a  tight 
rein,  which  was  yielding  with  every  stride.  When  only 
fifty  yards  from  the  outcome  he  closed  the  gap  and  the 
race  was  head  and  tail.  The  ladies  waved  their  handker- 
chiefs, the  officers  and  men  cheered  themselves  hoarse,  and 
the  field  was  wild  with  excitement.  The  rivals  were  do- 
ing their  best  to  win  the  victory.  A  few  more  strides,  for 
which  Bumble-Bee  seemed  to  nerve  himself,  and  the  gal- 
lant son  of  Glencoe  was  the  winner  by  a  short  length.  If 
Gray  Eagle  had  made  the  first  heat  and  pushed  his  rival 
from  the  start  the  chances  were  more  than  even  that  he 
would  have  won  the  second  and  third  heats.  Ca.ptain 
Brackett,  the  dry  wit  of  the  regiment,  declared  that  Gray 
Eagle  would  have  won  the  race  anyhow  but  for  the  too 
nice  adjustment  of  his  back  hair. 

The  Derby  ended  with  a  single-mile  dash  between  Cap- 
tain Palmer' s  chestnut  mare,  pedigree  unknown,  and  Lieu- 
tenant Field's  bay  filly,  by  Boston.  Lieutenant  Wood 
rode  the  chestnut  mare,  and  Lieutenant  Field  rode  the 
filly.  Wood  used  Jenifer's  light  saddle,  and  had  not  gone 
half  the  distance  when  he  slipped  off  and  Field  won  the 
race.  Wood  claimed  that  the  saddle  turned  at  the  instant 
the  mare  stepped  into  a  gopher-hole.  But  he  owes  the 
wine  to  this  day. 

For  the  purx^ose  of  affording  additional  protection  to  the 
settlements  against  the  raids  of  predatory  Indians  the  fol- 
lowing assignments  were  made,  in  June,  of  the  squadrons 
of  the  regiment  : 

The  first  squadron  (A  and  F)  was  to  take  station  near 

the  crossing  of  the  Colorado  River  on  the  direct  road  from 

Fort  Mason  to  Fort  Belknap  ;  or,  if  found  preferable,  at 

any  point  on  or  near  the  road  within  six  miles  north  of  the 

4 


50  THE   NARRATIVE. 

river,  the  station  to  take  the  name  of  the  stream  on  which 
it  was  established. 

The  second  squadron  (B  and  G)  was  to  remain  at  Fort 
Mason. 

The  third  squadron  (C  and  I)  was  to  take  station  at  Fort 
Clark. 

The  fourth  squadron  (D  and  K)  was  divided  :  Company 
D  was  to  take  station  at  Camp  Verde,  and  Company  K 
was  to  take  station  on  the  El  Paso  Road  near  the  cross- 
ing of  the  Sabinal,  the  station  to  be  known  as  Camp 
Sabinal. 

The  fifth  squadron  (E  and  H)  was  to  take  station  at 
Camp  Cooper. 

Company  C  remained  on  temporary  duty  at  Fort  Mason. 
Company  H  was  ordered  to  establish  a  camp  near  the 
crossing  of  the  Colorado  River,  and  Company  I  a  camp 
on  the  Sabinal.  Company  K  remained  on  temporary  duty 
at  Camp  Cooper.  These  companies  were  to  be  relieved 
and  proceed  to  their  stations  when  the  Comanche  expedi- 
tion under  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee  returned  from  the  Held. 
The  original  orders  for  these  movements  were  subsequently 
changed  to  station  Company  I  at  Camp  Sabinal  and  Com- 
pany K  at  Fort  Inge. 

The  companies  were  now  widely  separated,  and  did  not 
again  come  together  until  the  winter  of  1861-62,  except 
the  partial  concentration  at  Fort  Belknap  in  1858  under 
the  orders  to  march  to  Fort  Leavenworth. 

Captain  Oakes,  with  a  part  of  his  company  and  small 
detachments  of  the  First  Infantry  and  the  First  Artil- 
lery, started  on  the  20th  of  August  on  an  expedition  from 
Fort  Clark,  and  penetrated  the  country  between  that  sta- 
tion and  the  mouth  of  the  Pecos  River,  hitherto  not  visited 
by  troops  and  considered  very  difficult  of  access.  The 
expedition  was  conducted  with  so  much  judgment  and 
energy  that  in  the  operations  of  a  day  (August  30)  three 
bands  of  Indians  were  surprised  between  the  Rio  Grande 
and  Pecos  River,  near  their  junction.     Eight  warriors  were 


THE   NARRATIVE.  51 

killed  and  wounded,  and  their  animals  and  other  property 
taken  or  destroyed. 

After  Company  I  arrived  on  the  Sabinal  it  was  constant- 
ly employed  on  lield-service  between  the  Hondo  and  the 
Nueces.  There  were  only  a  few  settlers  on  the  rivers,  and 
they  were  frontier-men  of  the  most  pronounced  type. 
The  post  guides,  Westfall  and  Robinson,  were  skilled  in 
their  calling,  besides  being  experienced  Indian  fighters. 
The  former  had  been  shot  through  the  breast  by  an  In- 
dian in  the  summer  of  1855  and  left  for  dead  near  his 
cabin.  At  the  same  time  a  man  who  was  living  with  him 
was  killed,  and  the  savages,  not  content  with  this  work, 
shot  his  dog.  Robinson  had  received  a  bullet  through  his 
right  hand  from  the  same  source,  and  of  course  these  men 
were  ready  at  all  times  for  field-service. 

The  following  incidents  serve  measurably  to  indicate  the 
character  of  the  conflicts  which  were  constantly  taking 
place  between  the  settlers  and  the  Indians. 

A  war-party  of  Comanches  entered  the  Canon  Uvalde  in 
July,  and,  after  committing  many  depredations,  retreated 
into  the  mountains,  where  a  party  of  citizens  overtook 
them  and  a  combat  ensued,  in  which,  after  a  series  of 
manoeuvres,  the  Indians  obtained  the  advantage  and  des- 
perately wounded  two  of  the  whites— one,  Lakey,  faced  the 
enemy  with  an  empty  revolver  until  he  had  five  arrows 
shot  into  his  breast ;  the  other,  Bearmore,  was  carried  to 
the  rear  by  his  comrades.  Robinson,  the  guide,  was  also 
wounded.  Lakey' s  courageous  conduct  rescued  the  en- 
tire party  from  certain  death.  When  these  men  returned 
to  the  settlements  another  force  was  organized  on  the  Rio 
Sabinal  (Captain  Brackett's  company  was  then  on  the 
head-waters  of  the  San  Saba  and  Guadalupe)  and  started 
in  pursuit.  After  following  the  marauders  for  five  days 
their  animals  were  discovered  near  the  Leona  River,  and, 
carefully  approaching,  the  Indians  were  found  encamped 
in  a  thick  undergrowth  on  the  bank  of  the  river  and  en- 
gaged in  singing  war-songs  in  exultation  over  their  late 


52  THE   NARRATIVE.  • 

successes.  In  the  combat  which  ensued  seven  warriors 
were  killed  and  the  stolen  animals  were  recovered.  The 
dead  bodies  of  the  warriors  were  seen  several  days  after- 
wards when  Company  I  was  marching  down  the  river. 

The  Indians  had  stolen  so  many  animals  from  Bowies' 
ranch,  nine  miles  below  Camp  Sabinal,  that  the  owner  was 
beside  himself  with  the  fear  that  they  would  eventually 
steal  all  he  owned.  Having  discovered  that  they  always 
approached  his  inclosures  by  the  same  path,  he  arranged 
a  place  for  concealment  on  the  side  of  the  river  opposite 
his  premises,  and,  having  loaded  a  double-barreled  shot- 
gun with  nine  revolver-balls  and  thirty  large  duck-shot  in 
each  barrel,  he  took  his  position  and  patiently  waited  for 
the  thieves.  About  one  o'clock  in  the  morning  three  In- 
dians approached  within  twenty  yards  of  him,  when  they 
halted  and  began  making  arrangements  to  cross  the  river. 
The  moon  was  shining  brightly  and  the  Indians  were 
above  him  on  slightly  rising  ground.  Taking  deliberate 
aim,  he  pulled  both  triggers  and  a  terrific  report  followed, 
although  only  one  barrel  was  discharged.  The  nearest 
Indian,  mortally  wounded,  leaped  so  high  that  Bowles 
said  when  he  came  down  "it  seemed  as  though  he  was 
falling  out  of  a  tree,"  and  he  yelled  in  the  most  frantic 
manner,  "  Bob-a-shee-lah  "  (my  good  friend).  The  con- 
tents of  the  second  barrel  ended  his  career.  The  second 
Indian  succeeded  in  making  his  escape,  although  badly 
wounded,  and  the  third  one  crawled  away  about  thirty 
yards,  where  he  was  found  dead.  The  Indians  did  not 
steal  any  more  live  stock  from  that  ranch. 

Colonel  Johnston,  alluding  to  the  favorable  change  in 
the  condition  of  Indian  affairs  in  the  department,  said  in 


"  So  far,  since  my  administration  of  the  affairs  of  this 
department,  our  frontiers  have  been  free  from  Indian  in- 
cursions. Our  troops  have  driven  them  far  into  the  in- 
terior, and  I  hope  they  will  not  soon  venture  in  again. 


THE  NARRATIVE.  53 

This  is,  of  course,  only  a  hope,  for  there  is  nothing  in  the 
nature  of  the  country  offering  any  obstacle  to  their  move- 
ments. The  country  is  open  as  the  ocean.  They  can 
come  when  they  like,  taking  the  risk  of  chastisement.  If 
they  choose,  therefore,  it  need  only  be  a  question  of  legs." 

Company  I  was  transferred  in  September  to  Fort  Clark, 
and  thence  in  November  to  a  temporary  station  on  the 
west  bank  of  the  Nueces  River  about  ten  miles  below  old 
Fort  Ewell,  where  it  remained  until  January,  1857.  It 
was  almost  constantly  employed  during  this  period  on 
reconnaissance  duty  on  the  Atascosa,  the  Frio,  and  on  the 
Rio  Grande  above  and  below  Laredo  ;  and  thence  ninety 
miles  to  the  north  and  east,  touching  at  the  ponds  and 
arroyos  lying  on  and  convenient  to  the  old  trails  of  the 
Comanches.  Los  Ojuelos,  San  Ignacio,  and  other  favor- 
ite resorts  for  predatory  bands  afforded  no  traces  of  recent 
visits,  and  the  settlers  united  in  saying  that  because  of  the 
vigorous  operations  of  the  regiment  the  country  between 
the  Nueces  and  the  Rio  Grande  had  not  been  so  quiet  for 
many  years. 

Lieutenant  Jenifer,  with  a  small  detachment  of  Com- 
pany B,  surprised  on  the  19th  of  November  a  party  of 
Comanches  on  the  Rio  Llano  south  of  Fort  Mason,  and 
captured  their  equipments  and  other  property,  but  the 
Indians  succeeded  in  making  their  escape  in  the  thick 
undergrowth  which  surrounded  their  camp. 

Captain  Bradfute,  with  a  detachment  of  his  company, 
after  a  march  of  eight  days  came  upon  and  surprised  a 
party  of  Comanches  near  the  head-waters  of  the  main 
Concho  on  the  26th  of  November,  and  killed  four,  wounded 
some,  captured  one  prisoner  and  their  animals  and  camp 
equipage.  One  enlisted  man  was  severely  wounded.  The 
command  returned  to  Fort  Mason  after  having  made  a 
march  of  live  hundred  miles. 

Lieutenant  Witherell,  with  a  detachment  of  Company  C 
and  accompanied  by  Lieutenant  Owens  and  Lieutenant  E. 


54  THE   NARRATIVE. 

W.  H.  Read,  Eighth  Infantry,*  both  of  whom  had  volun- 
teered for  the  occasion,  after  a  severe  march  of  three  days 
in  diligent  search  of  the  enemy,  came  upon  a  party  of 
Muscalero  Apaches,  on  the  21st  of  December,  who  were 
posted  in  a  dense  chaparral  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Rio 
Grande.  He  charged  upon  and  drove  them  across  the 
river  into  Mexico,  and  killed  and  wounded  several  war- 
riors and  captured  their  horses,  arms,  and  other  property. 

Captain  Johnson,  with  a  part  of  his  company,  after  an 
exciting  march  of  seven  days  from  Camp  Colorado,  came 
upon  a  part  of  Saneco'  s  band  of  Comanches  near  the  head- 
waters of  the  main  Concho  on  the  22d  of  December.  He 
charged  upon  and  drove  them  into  a  dense  chaparral, 
where  they  halted  and  began  a  stubborn  fight.  He  dis- 
mounted his  men  and  followed  the  enemy  into  the  thicket, 
and  killed  three,  wounded  three,  rescued  a  Mexican  cap- 
tive, and  captured  thirty-four  horses  and  their  camp 
equipage.  In  this  sharp  conflict  two  privates  were  killed 
and  two  were  wounded.  The  Mexican  had  been  with  the 
Indians  from  early  childhood  and  expressed  no  desire  to 
return  to  civilized  life.  First  Sergeant  Gardner  facetiously 
termed  him  "a  naturalized  Comanche."  He  reported  one 
afternoon  that  the  Mexican  was  watching  for  a  chance 
to  escape,  and  when  asked  how  he  knew  this  to  be  so 
replied:  "I  have  been  watching  him  all  day,  and  he  has 
done  nothing  but  look  around  at  the  hills."  If  a  nod  of 
the  head  had  been  given  in  reply  it  is  doubtful  if  the  poor 
fellow  would  have  lived  to  eat  roast  beef  in  the  guard- 
house at  Camp  Colorado. 

The  records  show  that  during  the  year  1856  the  regi- 
ment was  actively  employed  on  a  line  of  frontier  extend- 
ing from  Red  River,  in  Northern  Texas,  to  Fort  Mcintosh, 

*  Lieutenant  Eead  was  en  route  to  his  station,  and,  being  unable  to  obtain  an  escort 
reported  for  duty  and  served  with  the  regiment  at  Fort  Clark  from  December  16 
1856,  to  January  7,  1857.  He  was  distinguished  in  this  combat  for  conspicuous  gallantry 
Resigned  as  a  captain  Eighth  Infantry  May  29,  1873;  brevet  major  July  2,  1863,  for  gal 
lant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettvsburg.  Died  at  Troy,  N.  Y.,  Novern 
bcr  11,  1875. 


THE  NAKKATIVE. 


55 


on  the  Rio  Grande.  Only  two  squadrons  occupied  quar- 
ters during  any  part  of  the  year.  The  companies  were 
successful  in  every  combat  with  the  Indians,  killing  some, 
wounding  others,  and  capturing  their  property.  Thirty 
minor  expeditions  were  made  during  the  year,  which 
served  to  educate  the  men  in  field-service  and  enabled 
them  to  acquire  a  knowledge  of  the  topography  of  the 
country. 


CHAPTER  III. 

Brackett's  Expedition— Combats  near  the  Concho  River  and  on  Kickapoo 
Creek — Jenifer's  Affair  on  the  Nueces  River — Combats  on  the  Frio,  Nueces, 
and  Llano  Rivers — The  assignment  of  Colonel  Johnston  to  the  Utah  Expe- 
dition— Hood's  brilliant  Action  on  Devil's  River,  and  Whiting's  Pursuit  of 
the  Enemy  into  the  Wichita  Mountains — The  Affairs  and  Combats  at  Santa 
Catalina  and  Salamonana,  and  on  the  Brazos,  Verde,  and  Nueces  Rivers. 

The  beginning  of  January,  1857,  found  the  regiment  in 
excellent  condition  for  field-service,  and,  with  the  know- 
ledge of  the  country  acquired  during  the  previous  year, 
the  companies  were  better  prepared  to  cope  with  the 
savages,  who,  finding  that  they  could  not  successfully 
engage  the  troops  on  equal  terms,  were  beginning  to  mass 
themselves  in  larger  bands  for  their  marauding  expeditions 
upon  the  exposed  frontiers. 

Although  only  the  most  conspicuous  operations  of  the 
year  will  be  recorded,  all  were  productive  of  good  results, 
even  although  the  Indians  were  not  in  each  iustance  over- 
taken and  chastised. 

Captain  Brackett  was  the  first  to  take  the  field,  starting 
with  his  company  from  Fort  Clark.  His  operations  cov- 
ered a  period  of  thirty-two  days  and  a  march  of  six  hun- 
dred miles.  On  the  1st  of  February,  when  near  the  Arroyo 
de  los  Encinas,  between  Eagle  Pass  and  Laredo,  he  dis- 
covered a  band  of  hostile  Indians  and  immediately  started 
in  pursuit ;  but  they  succeeded  in  gaining  the  shelter  of 
the  dense  thickets  of  trees  and  bushes  which  lined  the 
banks  of  the  stream.  They  were  pursued  for  five  miles 
down  the  Arroyo,  which  emptied  into  the  Rio  Grande  a 
short  distance  below.  The  ground  was  badly  broken  with 
deep  ravines,  and  many  of  the  horses  were  severely  wound- 
ed by  the  bunches  of  prickly  pears,  Spanish  bayonets,  and 


THE   NARRATIVE.  57 

mesquite-buslies  which  they  were  obliged  to  pass  through 
(luring-  the  pursuit.  In  spite  of  all  that  could  be  done  the 
Indians  succeeded  in  escaping  to  the  Mexican  side,  but 
their  retreat  was  so  hasty  that  they  abandoned  a  consider- 
able part  of  their  property.  The  command  encamped  for 
the  night  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  hoping  that  the  savages 
would  recross  and  attempt  to  steal  some  horses,  in  which 
event  preparations  were  made  to  give  them  a  warm  recep- 
tion ;  but  they  concluded,  in  this  instance,  that  discretion 
was  the  better  part  of  valor,  and  wisely  remained  where 
they  were. 

Lieutenant  Wood,  with  a  detachment  of  Company  B, 
marched  from  Fort  Mason,  and,  finding  a  new  Indian  trail, 
followed  it  for  three  days,  when  he  overtook  and  engaged 
on  the  12th  of  February  a  band  of  Comanches  near  the 
north  branch  of  the  Concho  River.  Three  warriors  were 
killed  and  two  were  captured,  as  were  their  animals  and 
other  property — a  complete  success,  without  loss  or  seri- 
ous hurt  to  the  victors.  Lieutenant  Wood  was  slightly 
wounded. 

First  Sergeant  Walter  McDonald,  with  a  detachment  of 
Company  D,  starting  from  Camp  Verde,  vigorously  pur- 
sued and  attacked  on  the  13th  of  February  a  band  of 
Comanches  on  Kickapoo  Creek.  After  a  severe  combat  he 
defeated  the  enemy,  and  inflicted  upon  them  a  loss  of  six 
warriors  and  captured  their  animals.  One  private  was 
mortally  wounded  and  died  the  next  day  at  Fort  McKavett, 
and  a  bugler  was  severely  wounded. 

Lieutenant  Jenifer,  with  a  detachment  of  Company  B, 
left  Fort  Inge  in  March,  and  after  a  search  of  thirteen 
days,  during  which  time  he  traveled  about  three  hundred 
miles,  discovered  on  the  4th  of  April  new  Indian  signs 
near  the  head-waters  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Nueces, 
leading  into  a  very  rocky  country  and  almost  impassable 
for  cavalry.  He  dismounted,  and,  leaving  the  horses  with 
a  small  guard,  continued  the  pursuit  with  only  seven  men. 
After  a  tedious  march  for  several  miles  over  the  badly 


58  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

broken  ground  he  came  upon  a  camp  of  one  hundred 
Indians.  Any  officer  with  only  seven  men  would  have 
been  justified  if  he  had  quietly  withdrawn  his  command 
from  the  presence  of  such  odds  ;  but  Lieutenant  Jenifer 
continued  to  approach  the  camp  until  he  was  within  two 
hundred  and  fifty  yards  of  it,  when  he  was  discovered  and 
attacked  by  the  warriors.  At  the  same  time  he  was  threat- 
ened by  a  returning  mounted  party.  He  was  powerless  to 
make  an  aggressive  fight,  but  he  repulsed  the  enemy  with 
a  known  loss  of  three  killed  and  wounded.  When  night 
came  he  withdrew  his  men,  rejoined  his  horses,  and  the 
next  morning  pluckily  returned  to  renew  the  combat,  but 
the  enemy  had  disappeared.  The  detachment  was  in  the 
field  for  seventeen  days,  the  last  three  of  which  the  men 
were  without  rations. 

Lieutenant  Wood,  with  a  detachment  of  Company  B, 
starting  from  Fort  Inge,  vigorously  pursued  a  largely 
superior  force  of  Indians,  and,  driving  and  leading  his 
horses  for  five  days  through  the  mountains  near  the  head- 
waters of  the  Nueces,  overtook  the  savages  on  the  19th  of 
April  and  defeated  them-  with  a  severe  loss,  besides  cap- 
turing their  property.  And  Lieutenant  Jenifer,  with  a 
detachment  of  the  same  company,  overtook  a  band  of  hos- 
tile Indians  on  the  25th  of  May  near  the  same  place,  and 
defeated  them  with  some  loss  and  captured  their  horses 
and  other  property. 

Two  successful  expeditions  were  made  during  June  and 
July  from  Fort  Inge  by  detachments  of  Company  B.  Cor- 
poral John  Boyden  pursued,  overtook,  and  defeated  a 
band  of  Comanches  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Rio  Frio 
on  the  30th  of  June,  and  captured  their  horses  and  other 
property ;  and  Sergeant  William  P.  Leverett  pursued, 
overtook,  and  defeated  another  band  of  Comanches  on  the 
south  branch  of  the  Llano  River  on  the  2d  of  July.  He 
captured  a  number  of  their  animals,  together  with  the 
greater  part  of  their  camp  equipage. 

During  the  first  half  of  the  year  many  expeditions  were 


THE   NARRATIVE.  59 

in  the  field  under  the  command  of  the  company  officers, 
and  their  movements  greatly  alarmed  the  Indians,  who 
retreated  into  the  mountains,  and  the  settlements  were 
relieved  of  their  dangerous  presence. 

Colonel  Johnston  was  relieved  from  the  command  of  the 
Department  of  Texas  on  the  18th  of  May  by  Brigadier- 
General  David  E.  Twiggs,  and  soon  thereafter  was  in- 
structed to  transfer  the  command  of  the  regiment  to 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee  and  report  in  person  at  the  War 
Department  for  distant  service.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee 
proceeded  to  San  Antonio,  where  the  command  of  the 
regiment  was  transferred  to  him.  Colonel  Johnston  then 
repaired  to  Washington,  and  received  orders  assigning  him 
to  the  command  of  the  Utah  expedition.  He  hastened 
to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  set  out  from  that  place  in  Sep- 
tember with  an  escort  of  dragoons  and  joined  the  expedi- 
tion two  months  later  on  Ham's  Fork  of  Green  River, 
where  he  assumed  the  command  of  the  troops,  and,  moving 
to  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Bridger,  established  his  winter  quar- 
ters on  Henry' s  Fork.  He  never  again  served  with  the 
regiment,  but  the  officers  and  men  watched  with  soldierly 
pride  his  brilliant  and  successful  career  in  Utah  and  on  the 
Pacific  coast. 

Lieutenant  Hood,  with  twenty-four  men  of  Company  G, 
marched  from  Fort  Mason  in  July  for  the  head- waters  of 
the  Concho,  a  favorite  resort  of  hostile  Indians.  When 
near  the  mouth  of  Kiowa  Creek,  towards  the  close  of  the 
fourth  day  of  a  fatiguing  march,  he  discovered  an  Indian 
trail,  and  followed  it  until  he  arrived  at  a  water-hole  near 
the  head  of  Devil's  River,  thence  over  the  bluffs  and 
mountains  until  late  on  the  afternoon  of  the  20th,  when  he 
left  it  and  marched  towards  the  river  for  water.  When 
about  two  miles  from  the  river  he  observed  on  a  ridge 
three  miles  away  a  large  flag  waving  in  the  breeze,  and 
near  which  a  number  of  horses  were  grazing.  The  orders 
at  that  time  were  to  attack  all  Indians  found  off  the  reser- 
vations.    He  started  towards  the  flag,  cautioning  his  men 


60  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

not  to  fire  until  he  directed  them  to  do  so.  His  fighting 
force  consisted  of  seventeen  men — the  others  were  to  the 
rear  with  the  pack-mules.  As  he  neared  the  place  five 
Indians  came  forward,  one  of  them  carrying  the  flag  ;  and 
when  the  troopers  were  within  thirty  ya,rds  of  them  the  flag 
was  dropped  and  the  Indians  set  fire  to  a  pile  of  weeds 
and  brush  which  they  had  gathered.  At  the  same  instant 
a  party  of  thirty  warriors  arose  from  behind  the  low 
bushes  and  opened  a  fire  upon  the  command,  and  another 
party  of  ten  mounted  warriors  charged  with  lances.  Lieu- 
tenant Hood  found  himself  engaged  with  a  band  of  fifty 
Lipan  and  Comanche  warriors  ;  and,  as  they  outnumbered 
his  fighting  force  three  to  one,  it  was  simply  a  question  of 
making  as  desperate  a  defense  as  possible  against  such 
overwhelming  odds.  The  men,  encouraged  by  Lieutenant 
Hood's  display  of  personal  courage,  charged  with  ringing 
cheers  and  engaged  the  savages  in  a  hand-to-hand  con- 
flict. The  enemy  were  too  strong,  however,  for  the  gal- 
lant troopers,  and  were  slowly  pressing  them  back  when 
Lieutenant  Hood  again  inspired  them  with  his  superb 
courage,  and  led  them  in  a  revolver  charge  straight  at 
the  enemy,  who  fell  back,  unable  to  withstand  the  im- 
petuosity of  the  attack.  Then,  with  empty  revolvers,  the 
troopers  retired  from  the  field,  having  killed  ten  warriors 
and  wounded  twelve  others.  Six  men  were  killed  and 
wounded,  and  Lieutenant  Hood  was  severely  wounded  in 
his  sabre  arm. 

This  was  one  of  the  most  important  frontier  combats  of 
the  year  ;  and,  although  the  troops  suffered  a  repulse, 
the  Indians  purchased  their  success  with  a  fearful  sacri- 
fice of  life,  as  nearly  half  their  number  were  killed  and 
wounded. 

After  this  combat  Lieutenant  Hood  always  armed  half 
of  his  command  with  sabres  and  the  other  half  with  pis- 
tols, in  addition  to  their  carbines,  thinking  it  best,  from 
his  experience  in  this  affair,  to  be  fully  prepared  for  any 
similar  emergency  in  the  future. 


THE  NARRATIVE.  CI 

Captain  Whiting,  with  detachments  of  companies  C  and 
K,  met  Lieutenant  Hood  the  day  after  the  combat,  and 
at  once  marched  to  the  place  of  conflict  and  pursued  the 
retreating  savages  until  the  10th  of  August,  when  he 
overtook  them  in  the  Wichita  Mountains,  killed  two  war- 
riors, and  captured  the  mules  and  horses  belonging  to  the- 
party.  The  captured  animals  were  afterwards  sold  by 
auction,  and  the  proceeds— about  four  hundred  dollars— 
equally  divided  among  the  men. 

On  Captain  Whiting's  arrival  at  Camp  Verde,  en  route 
to  his  station,  he  exchanged  his  pack-mules  for  a  camel, 
which  proved  to  be  an  unmitigated  nuisance,  as  it  was 
always  late  getting  into  camp.  The  cavalry  in  Texas  did 
not  take  kindly  to  camel  transportation,  and  the  experi- 
ment was  soon  abandoned. 

Captain  Evans  set  out  with  his  company  from  Camp 
Cooper  in  September,  and  on  the  24th,  when  on  the  head- 
waters of  the  Brazos,  encountered  and  defeated  a  band  of 
hostile  Indians,  killing  two  warriors  and  capturing  their 
horses  and  camp  equipage. 

A  detachment  of  Company  I,  commanded  by  Sergeant 
Charles  M.  Patrick,  set  out  from  Fort  Mcintosh  in  Sep- 
tember, and,  after  a  search  and  pursuit  of  seven  days,  on 
the  28th  came  upon  a  party  of  hostile  Indians  at  Santa  Ca- 
tarina.  He  inflicted  upon  the  enemy  a  loss  of  six  warriors 
killed  and  wounded,  and  captured  twelve  horses.  The 
marching  was  very  severe  because  of  the  continued  rains, 
and  it  was  with  great  difficulty  that  the  rations  and  am- 
munition were  preserved.  The  sergeant  was  so  eager  to 
overtake  the  enemy  that  he  marched  in  two  and  a  half 
days  about  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles,  over  mountains 
and  through  rugged  ravines,  preceding  the  attack,  which 
he  gallantly  led  until  his  horse  was  mired  and  fell  with 
him  to  the  ground.  While  he  was  in  this  position  the 
Indians  fired  three  shots  at  him  and  succeeded  in  killing 
the  horse.  The  men  continued  the  charge  and  forced  the 
enemy   to  retreat  into  the  thickets,   whence  they  were 


62  THE    NARRATIVE. 

driven  down  a  ravine,  where  they  dispersed  and  hid  them- 
selves in  the  tall  grass. 

Lieutenant  Van  Camp,  with  a  detachment  of  Company 
D,  set  out  from  Camp  Verde  on  the  29  th  of  October  in 
pursuit  of  marauding  Comanches  who  had  been  depre- 
dating upon  the  settlements  in  the  vicinity.  He  overtook 
the  enemy  the  next  day  on  the  Verde  River,  and  after 
a  hot  chase  of  six  miles,  over  a  country  so  broken  and 
rocky  that  many  of  his  horses  were  disabled — the  sharp 
rocks  tearing  the  shoes  from  their  hoofs — he  succeeded 
in  wounding  two  warriors  and  capturing  their  property. 

Detachments  of  comxDanies  C  and  K,  commanded  by 
Lieutenant  Witherell,  set  out  from  Fort  Clark  in  No- 
vember in  pursuit  of  marauding  Comanches  who  had  the 
day  before  stolen  eighteen  mules  from  the  Overland  Mail 
Company.  After  a  pursuit  of  four  days,  on  the  8th  he 
overtook  and  defeated  the  enemy,  who  were  completely 
routed,  leaving  one  warrior  dead  on  the  field  and  aban- 
doning the  stolen  mules  and  their  own  property  and 
camp  equipage.  The  Indians  marched  ninety  miles,  after 
stealing  the  mules,  before  they  made  a  camp.  Lieu- 
tenant Witherell  and  three  privates  were  wounded. 

In  November  the  Lipans  and  Comanches  had  the  auda- 
city to  venture  within  the  corporate  limits  of  Laredo  and 
commit  depredations.  A  detachment  of  Company  I,  un- 
der the  command  of  Lieutenant  Owens,  was  dispatched 
from  Fort  Mcintosh  in  pursuit  of  the  marauders,  and 
on  the  15th  inst.  he  overtook  them  near  Salamonaha  and 
captured  their  animals,  camp  equipage,  and  ammunition. 
He  pressed  them  so  closely  that  they  were  compelled  to 
abandon  everything  and  seek  safety,  on  foot,  in  a  dense 
chaparral,  where  they  were  followed  by  the  troopers,  who 
found  it  impossible,  however,  to  dislodge  them.  On  the 
next  day  the  marauders  again  made  their  appearance 
about  sixteen  miles  below  Laredo  and  captured  a  boy. 
Captain  Brackett  started  in  pursuit,  but  did  not  succeed 
in  overtaking  them.    The  newspaper  published  at  Corpus 


THE   NARRATIVE.  63 

Christi  said  that  it  was  impossible  for  one  company  of 
cavalry  to  protect  the  country  for  hundreds  of  miles 
above  and  below  Laredo,  and  also  between  Laredo  and 
the  Nueces  River,  and  invited  the  attention  of  the  govern- 
ment to  the  fact  that  the  settlements  on  the  Nueces  and 
the  Rio  Grande  were  unprotected  and  continually  ex- 
posed to  attacks,  and  that  while  in  former  years  some 
seven  hundred  troops  had  been  stationed  near  Laredo,  the 
force  had  been  reduced  to  about  eighty  effective  men. 


CHAPTER   IV. 

A  new  Departure  with  hostile  Indians — Combat  on  the  Llano  River— Mexican 
Outrages  upon  Citizens  of  Webb  County — Concentration  of  the  Eegiment 
for  a  march  to  Kansas — The  Lex  Loci  of  Texas — The  Wichita  Mountain 
Expedition  and  the  Battle  of  Wichita  Village. 

The  year  1858  was  marked  by  two  notable  events — the 
concentration  of  the  regiment  near  Fort  Belknap  for  the 
purpose  of  marching  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  thence  per- 
haps to  Utah,  to  serve  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Johnston ;  and  a  departure  from  the  system  of  defensive 
warfare,  in  which  the  troops  only  pursued  the  marauding 
Indians  after  they  had  committed  depredations  upon  the 
settlements,  to  an  aggressive  policy. 

After  the  orders  to  march  to  Kansas  had  been  counter- 
manded General  Twiggs  urged,  if  the  regiment  were  to 
be  again  placed  under  his  command  for  the  defense  of 
the  frontier,  that  a  change  of  policy  ought  to  be  adopted. 
For  a  period  of  ten  years  the  army  and  the  settlers  had 
acted  strictly  upon  the  defensive.  This  he  proposed  to 
change  by  placing  in  the  field  two  expeditions  of  four 
companies  each,  which  were  to  operate  in  the  Indian  coun- 
try and  follow  the  savages  summer  and  winter.  The  hos- 
tile Indians  would  then  be  given  employment  at  home  in 
protecting  their  families  and  property,  and  to  such  an 
extent  that  they  would  have  no  time  at  their  disposal  in 
which  to  make  raids  upon  the  settlers,  thus,  perhaps,  con- 
vincing them  that  they  were  only  safe  from  attack  so  long 
as  they  quietly  remained  on  the  reservations  which  had 
been  set  apart  for  their  use. 

First  Sergeant  Walter  McDonald,  with  a  detachment  of 
Company  D,  was  dispatched  from  Camp  Verde  on  the  25th 
of  January  in  pursuit  of  marauding  Comanches  who  had 


THE   NARRATIVE.  65 

been  committing  depredations  on  the  San  Jeronimo  River. 
After  a  rapid  pursuit  for  four  days  he  succeeded  in  sur- 
prising the  party  on  the  south  branch  of  the  Llano  River, 
and  killed  two  warriors  and  recaptured  the  horses  which 
they  had  stolen  from  the  settlers.  Three  privates  were 
Avounded. 

During  February  and  March  the  Mexican  authorities  at 
Guerrero,  in  the  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  impressed  several 
citizens  of  Webb  County  and  compelled  them  to  serve 
as  soldiers  with  one  of  the  revolutionary  factions  of  that 
country,  knowing  that  they  were  citizens  of  the  United 
States.  These  facts  becoming  known,  the  people  called  a 
mass  convention  at  Laredo  and  adopted  a  series  of  reso- 
lutions which  expressed  their  indignation  at  the  outrages 
thus  committed  upon  their  rights  and  persons.  They 
declared  that  these  acts  were  of  such  a  nature  as  to  justify 
a  demand  for  a  full  and  prompt  reparation  to  the  offended 
honor  and  dignity  of  the  United  States,  and  denounced 
them  as  flagrant  violations  of  the  laws  of  nations,  justify- 
ing, if  not  atoned,  a  declaration  of  war.  The  resolutions 
further  declared  that  the  Rio  Grande  was  not  a  sufficient 
national  boundary,  as  criminals  and  hostile  Indians  could 
cross  the  river  at  pleasure  and  set  the  civil  and  military 
authorities  at  defiance;  that  a  series  of  outrages  had 
desolated  the  border,  and  called  upon  the  government 
to  adopt  such  measures  as  would  best  protect  the  com- 
munity from  a  continuance  of  them.  The  closing  reso- 
lution, a  tribute  to  an  officer  of  the  regiment,  is  quoted 
in  full : 

"Resolved,  That  in  the  conduct  of  Captain  Albert  G. 
Brackett,  commanding  Fort  Mcintosh,  who  has  demanded 
the  immediate  liberation  of  American  citizens  seized  as  sol- 
diers by  the  Mexican  authorities  at  Guerrero,  we  find  and 
appreciate  the  gallant  spirit  of  the  soldier  and  (li*1  patriot- 
ism which  should  ever  guard  our  liberties." 

Captain  Brackett  had  proceeded  with  his  company  to 
5 


66  THE  NARRATIVE. 

Redmond's  Ranch  and  peremptorily  demanded  the  release 
of  the  citizens,  which  was  complied  with  about  the  26th  of 
March. 

The  department  commander  was  instructed  in  April  to 
issue  the  necessary  orders  for  the  march  of  the  regiment, 
without  delay,  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  on  the  30th 
orders  were  issued  for  the  contemplated  movement.  The 
regiment  was  relieved  from  duty  in  Texas  and  placed  under 
the  command  of  Major  Thomas.  The  companies  began  in 
May  and  June  to  concentrate  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Bel- 
knap, but  as  some  were  serving  at  remote  stations  it  was 
not  until  the  8th  of  July  that  all  the  companies  (except  H, 
then  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark.)  had  arrived  in  the  vicinity  of 
that  post ;  and,  with  the  view  of  having  good  grass  and 
pure  water,  they  were  permitted  to  select  suitable  encamp- 
ments on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos  and  other  streams. 
One  camp  (Gr  and  H)  was  located  about  forty  miles  distant 
from  Fort  Belknap. 

During  the  continuance  of  the  delay,  which  was  caused 
by  the  non-arrival  of  a  supply-train,  instructions  were  re- 
ceived for  the  regiment  to  concentrate  at  the  nearest  post 
on  its  route  and  await  the  further  orders  of  the  Secretary 
of  War.  The  changed  condition  of  affairs  in  Utah,  which 
rendered  unnecessary  the  presence  of  so  large  a  force  as 
was  at  first  contemplated,  finally  resulted  in  a  revocation 
of  the  orders,  and  on  the  31st  of  July  the  encampments 
were  broken  up  and  the  companies  were  again  assigned  to 
stations  in  Texas. 

While  Company  I  was  on  the  inarch  to  Camp  Hudson  a 
stranger  requested  permission  to  travel  with  the  command 
for  protection,  which  was  granted.  During  the  night  he 
disappeared,  as  did  a  government  mule.  When  the  com- 
mand arrived  the  next  day  at  a  station  near  the  Rio  Sabi- 
nal,  the  mule  was  found  in  the  corral ;  and  upon  inquiry  it 
was  ascertained  that  the  stranger  had  sold  the  mule  to  the 
proprietor  for  a  pony  and  a  small  sum  of  money.  A  party 
of  citizens  at  once  pursued  and  captured  the  thief,  and 


THE   NARRATIVE.  07 

hanged  him  to  the  nearest  tree  in  accordance  with  the  lex 
loci  of  Texas. 

When  General  Twiggs  learned  that  the  regiment  was  to 
remain  in  Texas  lie  requested  permission  to  send  an  expe- 
dition into  the  Indian  country  which  should  follow  the 
Comanches  to  their  homes.  He  proposed  to  employ  the 
troops  while  en  route  in  opening  a  wagon  road  to  the 
Wichita  Mountains,  or  as  near  theieto  as  possible.  He 
was  of  the  opinion,  if  the  troops  could  remain  in  the  field 
dining  the  winter,  that  the  frontier  would  be  measurably 
secure  against  attacks  from  predatory  bands,  and  that 
he  could  abandon  the  defensive  system  and  successfully 
begin  a  vigorously  aggressive  policy. 

The  commanding  officer  of  Fort  Arbuckle  informed  Gen- 
eral Twiggs  in  August  that  large  bands  of  Apaches,  Co- 
manches, and  Cheyennes  were  on  the  Canadian  River  near 
the  Antelope  Hills,  and  that  the  depredations  which  had 
been  recently  committed  by  them  upon  the  settlements  of 
the  Choctaw  Nation  were  made  for  the  purpose  of  cap- 
turing horses  with  which  to  make  incursions  upon  the 
frontiers  of  Texas. 

The  indications  pointed  to  a  general  war  with  the  Co- 
manches and  such  other  hostile  tribes  as  they  might  in- 
duce to  join  them,  and  that  they  would  operate  against 
the  entire  frontier.  Marauding  parties  were  continually 
raiding  on  the  Rio  Grande,  which  river  afforded  no  barrier 
to  the  incursions  of  the  enemy,  who  could  ford  it  any- 
where. The  condition  of  affairs  at  the  Comanche  reser- 
vation on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos  was  calculated  to 
create  alarm,  as  hostile  Indians  visited  there  with  impu- 
nity ;  and  it  had  become  necessary  to  arrest  the  leading 
malcontents  who  were  making  trouble,  as  this  reservation 
was  the  only  one  where  any  of  the  Comanches  had  been 
induced  to  cultivate  the  soil  and  send  their  children  to 
school,  and  an  outbreak  there  was  to  be  avoided  by  all 
means. 

In  accordance  with  the  suggestions  of  General  Twiggs 


t38  the  narrative. 

an  expedition,  consisting  of  companies  A,  F,  H,  and  K, 
with  a  detachment  of  the  First  Infantry  and  sixty 
Caddo  and  Delaware  warriors  under  the  command  of 
Captain  Van  Dora,  was  instructed  to  march  from  Fort 
Belknap  to  Otter  Creek,  in  the  Choctaw  Nation,  and 
there  establish  a  supply  station,  which  was  to  be  gar- 
risoned by  the  detachment  of  infantry.  The  cavalry 
and  friendly  Indians  were  then  to  examine  the  country 
between  Red  River  and  the  north  branch  of  the  Cana- 
dian, and  between  100°  and  104°  west  longitude.  The 
command  was  smaller  than  the  department  commander 
had  intended  it  should  be,  but  it  was  all  that  he  could 
safely  spare. 

The  expedition  marched  from  Fort  Belknap  on  the 
15th  of  September,  and,  pursuing  a  general  north-west 
course,  arrived  at  Otter  Creek  on  the  23d.  The  station 
was  established  on  the  south  side  of  the  stream  about 
two  hundred  yards  east  of  Marcy's  line  of  100°  west 
longitude.  A  stockade  was  erected  for  the  protection  of 
the  animals  and  supplies  during  the  absence  of  the  cav- 
alry, which  were  to  take  the  field  so  soon  as  the  defense 
was  completed. 

On  the  29th  of  September  information  was  received 
through  the  Indian  scouts  that  a  large  encampment  of  hos- 
tile Comanches  was  located  near  the  Wichita  village,  on 
Horse  Creek,  in  the  Choctaw  Nation,  nearly  east  and  about 
forty  miles  distant  from  the  station.  The  supplies  and 
extra  animals  were  at  once  moved  inside  the  stockade,  and 
the  cavalry  set  out  that  afternoon,  expecting  to  attack 
the  Indians  at  daybreak  the  next  morning ;  but  the 
scouts,  having  no  reasonable  idea  of  the  distance  as  mea- 
sured by  miles,  had  greatly  underestimated  it,  and  instead 
of  forty  it  proved  to  be  over  ninety  miles.  The  march  was 
therefore  continued  until  late  on  the  afternoon  of  the  30th, 
\yhen  a  halt  was  made  to  cook  coffee  and  rest  the  horses, 
and  just  at  dark  the  command  moved  out  for  another  nig] it 
march.    The  country  was  very  rough  and  broken  by  deep 


THE  NARRATIVE.  69 

ravines,  and  it  was  a  slow,  tedious  ride  until  daybreak, 
when  the  column  pushed  on  rapidly  over  a  rolling  prairie, 
the  ridges  of  which  were  from  half  to  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  apart.  Just  then  the  scouts  sent  back  a  message  t  hat 
they  were  near  the  hostile  camp.  The  command  was  then 
divided  into  four  columns,  and  the  companies  marched  in 
column  of  twos,  with  intervals  of  one  hundred  yards  be- 
tween them.  The  enemy  were  supposed  to  be  just  beyond 
the  next  rising  ground,  and  the  companies  were  instructed, 
at  a  given  signal,  to  trot  up  the  slope  ;  and  upon  gaining 
the  crest,  if  the  enemy  were  not  discovered,  they  were 
to  resume  the  walk  without  command  and  continue  the 
march,  regulating  on  the  right  company,  until  the  enemy 
were  discovered  or  until  otherwise  ordered. 

The  crest  of  the  fourth  slope  in  advance  was  raised,  when 
the  encampment  was  seen  through  an  opening  in  the  trees. 
It  was  favorably  located  for  defensive  purposes,  on  a  clus- 
ter of  rough  and  broken  ravines,  and  only  a  short  dis- 
tance from  the  Wichita  village.  All  was  quiet.  Probably 
half  the  inmates  of  the  lodges  were  asleep.  The  bugles 
sounded  the  charge,  and  they  were  answered  with  cheers 
which  rang  out  on  the  crisp  air  of  that  bracing  October 
morning,  and  away  dashed  two  hundred  and  twenty-five 
troopers  against  twice  their  numbers,  through  the  thick 
reeds  and  undergrowth,  at  a  terrific  pace  into  the  village. 
Many  of  the  Indians  hid  themselves  in  the  lodges,  others 
dashed  into  the  battle  just  as  they  were  aroused  from  their 
slumbers,  while  a  few  found  time  to  decorate  themselves 
with  complete  war-costumes.  The  enemy  soon  rallied  from 
the  first  effects  of  the  surprise,  and  a  fierce  combat  ensued. 
The  war-whoops  of  the  warriors,  the  answering  cheers  of 
the  soldiers,  the  crack  of  the  rifles,  the  whiz  of  the  arrows, 
the  flashing  of  the  sabres,  the  charges  and  counter-charges, 
with  here  and  there  hand-to-hand  conflicts,  made  up  an 
ins] >iring  scene. 

After  a  fierce  struggle  of  two  hours  the  enemy  were  com- 
pletely routed  and  fled  in  every  direction,  and  were  pur- 


70  THE   NARKATIVE. 

sued  for  some  miles  beyond  the  battle-field,  and  many 
warriors  were  killed  and  wounded  outside  the  village. 
Lieutenant  Harrison  discovered  a  party  of  eighteen  war- 
riors driving  a  band  of  horses  over  a  distant  hill,  and  after 
a  pursuit  of  two  hours  overtook  the  party,  killed  and 
wounded  several  warriors,  and  captured  eighty  horses. 
As  he  approached  the  village  on  his  return,  he  found  the 
command  in  line  of  battle,  and  prepared  to  give  him  a 
hostile  reception,  because  of  an  impression  that  the  enemy 
had  rallied  and  were  returning  to  renew  the  combat. 

The  Wichitas  were  friendly,  or  disposed  to  be  so,  but 
the  Comanches  had  taken  possession  of  their  animals  and 
practically  held  the  tribe  as  prisoners  in  their  own  village. 
After  the  battle  a  Wichita  woman  rode  up  and  astonished 
everybody  within  hearing  by  asking,  in  excellent  English, 
to  see  the  commanding  officer.  She  claimed  that  the  sol- 
diers had  captured  many  ponies  belonging  to  her  people, 
and  asked  that  they  might  be  returned.  The  request  was 
granted,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  Wichitas  did  not  lose 
any  animals  upon  that  occasion. 

This  was  one  of  the  most  important  battles  ever  fought 
with  the  Comanches  and  the  most  complete  victory  ever 
achieved  over  them.  The  tribe  never  recovered  from  the 
blow,  and,  although  they  continued  to  give  more  or  less 
trouble,  their  previous  reputation  no  longer  enabled  them 
to  influence  other  tribes  as  they  had  done  in  the  past.  The 
known  loss  of  the  enemy  was  between  seventy  and  eighty 
warriors  killed  on  the  field.  Many  others  were  killed  in 
the  pursuit.  The  wounded  being  carried  off  their  numbers 
were  never  accurately  ascertained,  but  they  were  reason- 
ably estimated  at  one  hundred.  The  camp,  consisting  of 
one  hundred  and  twenty  lodges,  was  destroyed,  three 
hundred  animals  were  captured,  together  with  arms,  am- 
munition, and  a  large  quantity  of  supplies.  The  surviv- 
ing Indians  sought  refuge  in  the  mountains  in  a  destitute 
condition. 

Lieutenant  Van  Camp,  while  gallantly  leading  the  charge, 


THE   NARRATIVE.  'Jl 

was  pierced  to  the  heart  with  an  arrow  and  instantly 
killed.  Three  enlisted  men  were  killed  and  one  was  mor- 
tally wounded.  Captain  Van  Dorn  (twice)  and  nine  en- 
listed men  were  severely  wounded,  and  twenty  horses  were 
kiUed  and  wounded.  It  was  supposed  that  Captain  Van 
Dorn's  wound  through  the  body  was  mortal,  but  the  sur- 
geon, by  cutting  off  the  arrow-head,  pulled  out  the  shaft 
and  saved  his  life.  He  so  far  recovered  as  to  be  able  to 
send  in  a  report  of  the  battle  on  the  5th  of  October,  and 
within  live  weeks  he  was  again  in  the  saddle. 

The  command  was  commended  in  general  orders  from 
the  headquarters  of  the  Department  of  Texas  "as  de- 
serving the  highest  meed  of  commendation  that  could  be 
bestowed,  as  it  had  achieved  a  victory  more  decisive  and 
complete  than  any  ever  recorded  in  the  history  of  Indian 
warfare."  General  Scott  extended  his  "  cordial  congratu- 
lations on  the  brilliant  and  substantial  success  of  the 
expedition,"  and  general  orders  from  the  headquarters  of 
the  army  announced  the  battle  as  "a  most  decisive  and 
important  victory." 

The  expedition  returned  to  Otter  Creek  on  the  10th  of 
October,  where  it  rested  until  the  28th,  when  it  set  out, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Whiting,  for  the  Antelope 
Hills,  and  examined  the  country  contiguous  to  the  North 
and  South  Canadian  rivers  until  about  the  middle  of  No- 
vember, when  it  returned  without  having  encountered  the 
enemy.  Captain  Oakes  was  dispatched  with  two  compa- 
nies to  reinforce  the  expedition,  as  it  was  thought  that 
the  savages  would  retreat  into  New  Mexico,  and  it  was  de- 
termined to  pursue  them  there  and,  if  necessary,  follow 
them  across  the  Rio  Grande. 

In  addition  to  the  events  narrated  in  this  chapter  all  the 
companies  were  actively  employed  in  the  field,  during  the 
greater  part  of  the  year,  protecting  the  frontiers  and  pre- 
venting incursions  against  the  settlements.  The  regiment 
was  as  popular  a  body  of  troops  as  had  ever  been  sta- 
tioned in  that  part  of  the  country.     The  people  had  the 


72  THE  NARRATIVE. 

utmost  confidence  in  the  courage  and  determination  of  the 
officers  and  men,  and  the  hostile  Indians  feared  them  as 
they  had  never  before  feared  the  soldiers  of  the  regular 
army. 


CHAPTER  V. 

The  Campaigns  against  the  Comanehes— The  great  Comanche  Trail— Affair  near 
the  Presidio  de  San  Vicente,  and  Cavalry  Movements  in  Chihuahua— The 
brilliant  Engagement  near  the  Nescutunga— Bnmble-Bee  wins  another  Race 
—The  Citizens'  Demonstration  against  the  Brazos  Agency  and  the  subse- 
quent Removal  of  the  Indians  to  Fort  Cobb— Operations  on  the  Pecos  River 
and  in  the  Guadalupe  Mountains— The  Cimarron  Expedition— General 
Twiggs's  complimentary  Order— Combat  on  the  Guadalupe  River— The  Cor- 
tinas  Raid  on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Engagements  near  Brownsville  and 
Ringgold  Barracks. 

The  expeditions  sent  out  from  Camp  Radziminski  (Otter 
Creek)  in  November  and  December,  1858,  under  Captains 
Van  Dorn,  Whiting,  and  Jolinson,  failed  to  find  a  trace  of 
the  enemy.  Captain  Van  Dorn,  with  three  companies, 
marched  south-west  to  the  Brazos  River,  and  then  examined 
the  country  on  the  Big  Wichita  for  a  distance  of  about 
eighty  miles  to  the  west  and  south-west  of  the  supply  sta- 
tion, and  would  have  proceeded  farther  if  he  had  not  learned 
that  a  command  from  Fort  Belknap  was  in  that  vicinity. 

All  the  country  bordering  upon  the  Wichita  Mountains 
was  then  thoroughly  examined.  The  Comanehes,  who 
had  been  broken  up,  impoverished,  and  driven  from  their 
hunting-grounds  and  favorite  haunts  as  a  result  of  fcheir 
severe  chastisement,  had,  since  the  day  of  the  battle  at 
Wichita  village,  effectually  concealed  their  whereabouts. 
Captain  Van  Dorn  said  that  they  had  "disappeared  as  a 
mist,"  and  expressed  his  belief  that  they  had  moved  to  the 
Arkansas  River,  leaving  small  parties  behind  to  watch  his 
movements.  The  large  herds  of  buffaloes  ranging  over  the 
prairies  for  fifty  miles  about  Camp  Radziminski  indicated 
that  the  favorite  retreats  of  these  nomadic  people  were 
within  the  shadows  of  the  Wichita  Mountains. 


74  THE   NARRATIVE. 

The  unusually  severe  inarches  of  the  expeditions  had 
broken  down  the  animals,  and  it  was  not  possible  to  recu- 
perate them  for  field-service  sooner  than  spring.  Some  of 
the  companies  had  marched  fifteen  hundred  miles — none  of 
them  less  than  twelve  hundred.  Captain  Van  Dorn  had 
tasked  his  abilities  and  powers  of  endurance,  together  with 
those  of  his  officers  and  men,  to  the  utmost  to  make  the 
campaign  successful,  and  his  inability  to  find  the  enemy 
after  the  battle  of  Wichita  village  was  not  due  to  a  lack 
of  effort  on  his  part.  The  proposed  winter  operations  were 
abandoned  and  the  troops  were  to  be  held  in  readiness  for 
field-service  early  in  the  following  season. 

Captain  Van  Dorn  recommended,  if  it  were  the  intention 
to  resume  operations  against  the  Comanches  in  the  spring, 
that  orders  should  be  issued  by  the  general-in-chief  "plac- 
ing them  at  enmity  with  all  the  troops  of  the  army";  that 
they  should  be  pursued  and  chastised  wherever  found, 
from  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Rio  Grande,  and  taught 
that  there  could  be  no  refuge  of  safety  for  them  so  long  as 
they  continued  to  rob  and  murder.  He  closed  his  recom- 
mendations with  the  truthful  and  forcible  remark  that, 
while  a  squadron  of  cavalry  might  be  in  pursuit  of  a  party 
of  marauding  Indians,  the  members  of  the  band  might  be 
smoking  their  pipes  on  the  parade-ground  of  a  military 
station  in  a  neighboring  department  as  the  invited  guests 
of  the  commanding  officer. 

The  reservation  at  Camp  Cooper  was  too  small,  and  ef- 
forts were  made  to  have  it  enlarged  so  as  to  give  the  In- 
dians a  better  range.  They  were  restless  and  dissatisfied 
with  their  restricted  limits,  and  it  was  feared,  if  something 
better  were  not  offered  them  as  the  boon  of  peace  and  friend- 
ship, that  the  difficulties  with  them  would  be  resolved  into 
a  war  of  extermination,  which  was  not  in  accordance  with 
the  dictates  of  humanity  nor  the  desire  of  the  army.  Mea n- 
while  the  citizens,  who  had  become  exasperated  by  their 
severe  losses  of  stock,  and  who  had  charged  the  thefts,  as 
the  officers  believed  unjustly,  upon  the  reservation  Indians, 


THE  NARRATIVE.  75 

threatened  to  organize  an  armed  force  and  attack  them. 
It  was  evident  that  prompt  and  decisive  action  was  the 
necessity  of  the  honr,  and  a  proposition  to  remove  the 
Indians  beyond  the  borders  of  the  State  was  taken  into 
consideration. 

The  government  refused  to  pursue  the  hostile  Indians 
across  the  Rio  Grande,  and  announced  that  it  was  deemed 
inexpedient  to  allow  the  troops  in  pursuit  of  Indians  to 
pass  beyond  the  borders  of  the  United  States.* 

General  Twiggs  then  recommended  that  all  Comanche 
Indians  found  off  the  reservations  without  permission 
should  be  considered  as  hostile  and  treated  accordingly, 
and  referred  to  an  order  to  this  effect  which  had  been 
issued  by  Colonel  Johnston  in  1856.  This  received  more 
favorable  action,  although  the  permission  granted  was  so 
carefully  guarded  as  to  destroy  in  a  great  measure  its 
value.     It  was  as  follows : 

"  The  commander  of  the  Department  of  Texas  may  en- 
force hostilities  against  all  Indians  found  off  their  reserves 
within  the  limits  of  his  department.  This  rule  should  be 
applied  with  some  discrimination,  however,  to  tribes  or 
bands,  generally  peaceful,  individuals  of  which  may  be 
found  beyond  those  limits  with  no  evident  hostile  inten- 
tions." f 

The  subject  of  combined  operations  against  the  Coman- 
ches,  as  suggested  by  Captain  Yan  Dorn,  was  deferred  for 
such  future  action  as  the  interests  and  exigencies  of  the 
service  might  render  expedient.  So  the  savages  could,  if 
they  chose,  be  at  war  with  the  troops  in  the  Department  of 
Texas  and  smoke  pipes  of  peace  with  those  who  were  sta- 
tioned in  the  Department  of  the  West,  or  vice  versa,  as  best 
suited  their  plans. 

The  department  commander  ordered  in  January,  1859,  a 

*  The  Adjutant  General  of  the  Army  to  General  Twiggs,  January  19,  1859. 
+  The  Secretary  of  War  to  General  Twiggs,  April  13,  1859. 


76  THE  NAEEATIYE. 

new  disposition  of  the  troops,  and  in  doing  so  he  abandoned 
the  Rio  Grande  by  withdrawing  the  garrisons  from  Laredo, 
Brownsville,  and  Ringgold  Barracks.  Why  he  did  this 
does  not  clearly  appear ;  but  it  is  surmised,  having  been 
informed  that  he  could  not  pursue  the  savages  across  the 
border,  that  he  no  longer  considered  it  necessary  to  sta- 
tion troops  there,  and  believed  that  he  could  use  them  to 
a  better  advantage  in  the  Indian  country.  But  in  doing 
this  he  ignored  the  well-known  fact  that  a  lawless  popula- 
tion infested  the  banks  of  the  Rio  Grande,  and  that  in  the 
absence  of  troops  outrages  would  be  perpetrated. 

He  decided  to  hold  Captain  Van  Dorn's  command  at 
Camp  Radziniinski  until  there  should  be  sufficient  new 
grass  to  sustain  the  animals  during  another  campaign  into 
the  Comanche  country.  At  the  same  time  another  expe- 
dition was  to  take  the  field  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Pecos 
River. 

About  this  time  he  informed  the  general-in-chief  that  the 
Comanches  who  were  defeated  in  October,  1858,  had  been 
discovered,  about  seven  hundred  strong,  at  a  lake  eighty 
miles  south-east  from  the  city  of  Chihuahua,  in  Mexico, 
and  that  they  would  return  to  Texas  in  the  spring.  A 
few  days  later  he  reported  that  they  had  crossed  the  Rio 
Grande  ;  that  he  had  no  force  with  which  to  protect  the 
frontiers,  and  if  he  could  not  follow  them  into  Mexico  he 
feared  that  he  would  not  be  able  to  resist  their  incursions, 
but  would  do  the  best  he  could  with  the  force  at  his  dis- 
posal.* 

He  seemed  to  pursue  a  policy  best  calculated  to  induce 
the  War  Department  to  permit  him  to  carry  into  execution 
his  favorite  plan — to  follow  the  savages  wherever  he  might 
find  them,  without  regard  to  department  limits  or  national 
boundaries.  Of  course  the  latter  privilege  could  not  be 
granted  without  first  obtaining  the  consent  and  co-opera- 
tion of  the  Mexican  government ;  but  it  is  not  understood 

*  General  Twiggs  to  General  Scott,  February  5  and  16,  1859. 


THE    NARRATIVE.  77 

why  he  was  permitted  in  the  fall  of  1858  to  direct  opera- 
tions beyond  the  limits  of  his  department,  as  he  did,  and 
the  same  privilege  be  refused  in  the  spring  of  1859. 

Captain  Brackett  set  out  in  April  with  his  company 
from  Camp  Hudson  on  an  extended  tour  of  field-service. 
He  moved  to  Fort  Lancaster,  and  marched  thence  on  the 
El  Paso  road  to  the  Comanche  Springs.  He  then  started  on 
the  great  Comanche  trail  towards  the  Rio  Grande.  This 
was  a  well-beaten  path,  leading  over  a  wild  and  desolate 
country,  which  had  been  used  for  many  years  by  the  In- 
dians when  on  their  journeys  from  Mexico  to  the  prairies 
above  the  head- waters  of  the  Arkansas  River.  It  was  as 
wide  as  a  wagon-road,  and  was  literally  strewed  with  the 
bones  of  mules  and  horses. 

He  traveled  on  the  trail,  the  men  and  animals  suffering 
greatly  for  want  of  water,  until  the  30th,  when  he  halted 
on  the  American  side  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  opposite  the 
Presidio  de  San  Vicente,  where  he  concealed  his  command 
among  the  cottonwood  trees  and  patiently  waited  for  de- 
velopments. On  the  2d  of  May  his  guide  discovered  a 
party  of  Comanches  ten  miles  below  the  camp,  and  evi- 
dently on  their  -way  south  to  do  mischief.  He  moved 
down  with  his  command  and  attacked  them,  killed  two, 
wounded  others,  and  captured  their  supply  of  dried  horse- 
meat. 

As  his  rations  were  exhausted,  Captain  Brackett  found 
himself  obliged  to  go  into  Mexico  for  supplies  or  subsist 
his  command  on  dried  horse-meat  during  the  homeward 
march.  The  Presidio  de  San  Vicente  was  an  old  Mexi- 
can fort  which  had  been  deserted  for  many  years.  The 
walls  were  standing,  and  the  church  was  in  a  fair  condi- 
tion. It  had  been  abandoned  more  than  fifty  years,  as  the 
Mexican  soldiers  had  been  unable  successfully  to  contend 
against  the  Apaches  and  Comanches.  Of  course  no  sup- 
plies could  be  procured  there,  and  he  crossed  the  river  on 
the  3d  of  May,  and  arrived  at  San  Carlos,  in  the  state  of 
Chihuahua,  after  a  fatiguing  march  of  three  days. 


78  THE   jSTARKATIYE. 

On  the  second  day  after  his  arrival  at  San  Carlos  a  party 
of  Mexicans  came  in  from  the  Monclova  Road,  in  the  Sierra 
del  Carmel,  and  reported  that  the  Indians  had  attacked 
them  and  stolen  their  cattle.  This  was  the  same  range  in 
which  Captain  Brackett's  light  of  the  2d  of  May  had  taken 
place,  but  abont  fifty  miles  distant  from  his  battle-field. 
The  authorities  asked  him  to  go  to  the  scene  of  the  out- 
rage and  punish  the  Indians,  who  were  reported  to  be  in 
the  vicinity.  They  were  informed  that  it  was  not  proper 
to  employ  the  troops  for  such  purposes  in  the  territory  of 
another  nation,  and  that  if  they  were  so  employed  the  act 
would  involve  the  officer  who  was  in  command  in  serious 
trouble.  They  were  assured,  these  considerations  apart, 
that  it  would  afford  the  troops  great  pleasure  to  unite  with 
them  in  fighting  the  Apaches  and  Comanches.  The  Mexi- 
cans then  raised  a  force,  and,  accompanied  by  some  friendly 
Seminoles  from  Santa  Rosa,  attacked  and  defeated  the  In- 
dians and  recovered  their  property. 

After  resting  for  some  days  at  San  Carlos  the  command 
marched  to  the  Presidio  del  Norte,  passing  on  their  way  the 
rich  silver-mines  of  Sierra  Rica,  The  officers  were  politely 
entertained  by  the  alcalde.  The  citizens  were  in  a  fever 
of  excitement,  as  Tomas  Zuloaga,  a  brother  of  the  Presi- 
dent of  Mexico,  was  near  the  town,  and  one  of  his  officers 
had  been  captured  the  night  before.  The  citizens  at  first 
thought  that  the  troops  belonged  to  Zuloaga  s  forces  and 
had  come  with  the  design  of  capturing  the  town,  which 
Captain  Brackett  believed  he  could  have  done  without 
difficulty,  although  it  contained  a  population  of  three 
thousand  and  he  had  only  sixty-six  men.  It  Avas  some 
time  before  the  alcalde  could  be  made  to  understand  how 
it  was  that  the  United  States  cavalry  entered  the  town 
from  the  interior  of  the  state.  Chihuahua  was  at  that  time 
in  a  blaze  of  revolution,  and  a  grand  battle  was  daily  ex- 
pected near  Corralitos,  a  town  one  hundred  and  fifty  miles 
beyond  the  city  of  Chihuahua. 

The  command  then  recrossed  the  Rio  Grande  and  moved 


THE   NARRATIVE.  79 

to  Fort  Davis,  and  thence  to  Camp  Van  Camp,  where  it  ar- 
rived on  the  21st  of  May,  after  having  marched  about  six 
hundred  miles,  during  which  the  men  had  suffered  greatly 
for  want  of  rations  and  the  animals  for  want  of  water 
and  grass. 

The  San  Antonio  Texan  published  on  the  26th  of  May, 
1S59,  the  following  article  : 

"Information  reached  our  city  yesterday  that  the  In- 
dians had  been  making  themselves  rather  familiar  on  the 
Pecos  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Horsehead  crossing,  and  that 
a  company  under  the  command  of  Captain  Brackett  start- 
ed in  pursuit  and  overtook  them  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Rio 
Grande — which  side  we  did  not  inquire — and  had  a  combat 
with  them.  If  Captain  Brackett  did  cross  the  river,  of 
which  fact  we  are  not  informed,  he  was  perfectly  justifiable 
in  doing  so.  There  is  no  law  of  nations  that  will  permit 
outlaws  to  commit  outrages  upon  the  citizens  of  one  nation 
and  then  flee  to  another,  and  thus  be  screened  from  their 
guilt  and  the  punishment  that  should  await  them.  Again, 
if  the  conflict  began  on  this  side  of  the  river  and  ended  on 
the  other,  it  was  but  one  conflict  and  must  be  located  on 
this  side.  The  facts  in  the  case  are  simply  these  :  Captain 
Brackett  has  done  what  several  other  officers  could  have 
done  long  ago,  and  which,  had  they  done  it,  would  long 
since  have  cut  short  these  marauders  who  cross  the  river, 
take  their  plunder,  and  flee  into  Mexico." 

The  combat  did  take  place  on  the  Mexican  side  of  the 
river. 

Captain  Van  Dorn  was  now  ready  to  begin  offensive 
operations,  and  as  the  grass  was  sufficiently  matured  to 
sustain  the  animals,  he  marched,  on  the  30th  of  April,  from 
Camp  Radziminski  with  companies  A,  B,  C,  F,  Gr,  H,  and 
fifty-eight  Indian  allies  from  the  Brazos  Agency.  His  in- 
tention was  to  establish  a  supply  station  on  the  Canadian 
River,   whence  he  would  operate  wherever  it  was  most 


80  THE   NAEEATIVE. 

likely  that  lie  would  meet  with  success.  After  a  march  of 
over  two  hundred  miles  in  a  northerly  course  a  village  of 
hostile  Comanches  was  discovered,  May  13,  at  Small  Creek, 
about  fifteen  miles  south  of  old  Fort  Atkinson  and  near  the 
Nescutunga,  a  tributary  of  the  Arkansas  River. 

The  Indians  occupied  a  strong  defensive  position,  but 
after  a  sharp,  bloody,  and  desperate  engagement,  in  which 
no  quarter  was  asked,  they  were  utterly  defeated  with  a 
loss  of  fifty  warriors  killed,  five  wounded,  and  thirty- 
six  captured.  One  hundred  animals  were  captured,  and 
their  supplies  and  camp  equipage  were  destroyed  or  ap- 
propriated to  the  use  of  the  troops.  The  combat  was  in 
a  thick  jungle  or  brush-covered  ravine,  which  was  carried 
by  an  assault  made  with  dismounted  skirmishers,  while 
mounted  men  commanded  the  outlets  and  occujDied  the 
crest  of  the  hills  above  and  below  the  ravine. 

One  enlisted  man  was  killed  and  one  was  mortally 
wounded.  Captain  Smith  was  severely,  and  Lieutenant 
Lee  was  dangerously,  wounded.  Eleven  enlisted  men  were 
wounded. 

This  was  another  brilliant  victory  over  the  Comanches, 
and  made  Captain  Van  Dorn  one  of  the  most  conspicuous 
officers  in  the  cavalry  service.  The  party  was  a  part  of 
the  same  band  which  had  been  chastised  at  the  Wichita 
village.  Captain  Van  Dorn's  opinion,  as  expressed  early 
in  the  winter,  concerning  the  whereabouts  of  the  Indians 
proved  to  be  substantially  correct.  The  battle  was  fought 
beyond  the  limits  of  the  Department  of  Texas,  and  the 
officers  and  men  by  their  good  conduct  and  gallantry  added 
another  substantial  success  to  the  well- earned  laurels  of  the 
regiment.  The  command  was  so  crippled  by  the  wounded 
and  the  prisoners  that  Captain  Van  Dorn  was  compelled  to 
return  to  Otter  Creek,  where  he  arrived  on  the  30th  of  May, 
having  completed  a  march  of  four  hundred  miles. 

The  command  was  highly  complimented  in  reports  and 
general  orders  for  conspicuous  gallantry  and  a  decisive 
victory. 


THE   NARRATIVE.  81 

Soon  after  the  return  of  the  troops  from  this  expedi- 
tion Lieutenants  Royall  and  Lee  made  a  race  at  Camp 
Radziminski,  each  man  to  ride  his  own  horse.  Lieutenant 
Lee  named  Bumble-Bee,  and  Lieutenant  Royall  named 
a  horse  which  he  had  purchased  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 
Like  Bumble-Bee,  he  had  won  every  race  which  he  had 
contested,  but  he  had  been  in  the  field  with  the  expe- 
dition while  his  rival  had  remained  at  home.  The  race 
was  run  in  the  presence  of  the  entire  garrison  and  resulted 
in  another  victory  for  the  son  of  G-lencoe.  When  Lieu- 
tenant Lee  was  ordered  to  duty  at  the  Military  Academy 
he  sold  Bumble-Bee  to  a  discharged  soldier,  who  took  him 
to  San  Antonio,  and  at  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion  he 
passed  into  unknown  hands.  Captain  Van  Dorn  was  the 
owner  of  a  splendid  running-horse  which  had  won  more 
money  than  any  other  horse  in  the  regiment.  He  was 
once  defeated  by  Lieutenant  Royall'  s  horse.  Minnehaha, 
owned  by  Lieutenant  Radziminski,  was  a  beautiful  mare, 
thoroughly  trained  in  the  Baucher  system  and  a  saddle 
animal  of  great  endurance.  She  finally  became  the  proper- 
ty of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee,  but  was  left  behind  when 
the  regiment  marched  to  the  coast  en  route  to  the  North. 
The  old  Comanches  gossip  to  this  day  of  the  fine  horses 
owned  by  the  regiment. 

Major  Thomas  reported  in  May  that  two  hundred  and 
fifty  armed  men,  under  the  leadership  of  an  ex-Indian 
agent,  had  marched  towards  the  Brazos  Agency  for  the 
purpose  of  attacking  the  village,  but,  before  arriving 
there,  they  killed  an  Indian  and  then  retreated  to  Martin's 
Ranch.  The  reservation  Indians  followed  them  and  a 
combat  ensued,  in  which  six  white  men  and  three  war- 
riors were  killed  and  wounded.  The  affair  created  an  in- 
tense excitement.  The  army  officers,  who  opposed  the  mob 
from  a  sense  of  duty,  did  not  believe  that  the  Indians  were 
guilty  of  stealing  stock  from  the  citizens,  as  alleged. 
The  civil  authorities  having  failed  to  suppress  the  lawless 
assemblage,  a  squadron  of  the  regiment  was  at  once  ordered 


82  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

from  Camp  Radziminski  to  reinforce  the  troops  already  at 
the  agency  and  protect  the  reservation.  The  mob  then 
dispersed  and  order  was  again  restored.  Soon  after- 
wards the  proposition  which  had  been  made  to  remove 
these  Indians  beyond  the  limits  of  the  State  was  favorably 
considered  by  the  government,  and  they  were  removed  in 
August  to  Fort  Cobb,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  under  the 
escort  of  a  squadron  (G  and  H)  commanded  by  Major 
Thomas.  Camp  Radziminski  was  then  abandoned  and  the 
companies  that  had  been  stationed  there  were  distributed 
to  other  posts. 

Company  I  was  ordered  in  June  to  join  Company  E,  then 
employed  on  an  expedition  to  the  Pecos  River  and  in  the 
Guadalupe  Mountains.  The  expedition,  under  the  com- 
mand of  Captain  Stoneman,  marched  north  and  west  to 
Fort  Stanton,  in  New  Mexico,  when  it  returned  to  Camp 
Van  Camp,  after  an  absence  of  about  two  months.  The 
squadron  remained  there  until  late  in  August,  when  Com- 
pany I  was  sent  to  Camp  Ives  and  Company  E  was  assigned 
to  Camp  Hudson,  but  it  was  employed  on  Devil's  River 
and  the  Rio  Grande  until  the  end  of  the  year. 

The  regimental  headquarters  and  companies  C,  D,  F,  G, 
and  H,  under  the  command  of  Major  Thomas,  set  out  from 
Camp  Cooper  on  the  1st  of  October  on  the  "  Cimarron  ex- 
pedition" to  the  head-waters  of  the  Red  and  Canadian 
rivers.  The  command  marched  to  a  point  thirty-eight 
miles  west  of  100°  west  longitude,  thence  north  and  west 
until  near  the  Cimarron  River,  having  followed  an  In- 
dian trail  until  it  was  obliterated  by  buffaloes,  and  then 
returned  to  the  supply  camp  on  the  Canadian  River  on  the 
31st.  After  a  rest  of  five  days  the  command  marched 
south-west  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Wichita,  thence  to 
the  eastern  border  of  New  Mexico,  and  thence  south  to 
Sweetwater  Creek,  when  Lieutenant  Royall,  with  a  squad- 
ron (C  and  G),  was  detached  to  examine  the  stream  to 
its  mouth,  then  march  south  and  examine  the  country 
along  his  route,  until  he  crossed  the  south  branch  of  Red 


TIIE  NARRATIVE.  83 

River,  and  then  march  by  the  direct  route  to  Camp 
Cooper,  where  he  arrived  on  the  19th  of  November.  The 
column  continued  the  march  across  the  tributaries  of  Red 
River  to  the  crossing  of  the  south  branch,  and  thence  to 
Camp  Cooper,  where  it  arrived  on  the  22d  of  November. 
All  the  beautiful  country  lying  between  the  Brazos  and 
Cimarron  rivers,  and  from  99°  to  101°  30'  west  longitude, 
was  examined  without  meeting  with  an  Indian,  but  much 
valuable  information,  not  previously  known,  was  obtained. 

Shortly  after  this  service  Company  Gr  made  two  expedi- 
tions to  the  head-waters  of  the  Rio  Frio  and  the  Sabinal. 

General  Twiggs,  intending  to  avail  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence,  issued  the  following  order  :  * 

"In  anticipation  of  relinquishing  the  command  of  the 
Department  of  Texas,  the  general  commanding  is  much 
gratified  to  be  able  to  testify  to  the  zeal  and  cheerfulness 
manifested  by  all  branches  of  the  service  in  the  perform- 
ance of  their  respective  and  arduous  duties,  and  their 
hearty  co-operation  with  his  orders  and  wishes  during  a 
continuous  service  of  two  and  a  half  years.     .     .     . 

"The  sphere  of  action  of  foot  compared  witli  that  of 
mounted  troorjs  in  an  open  prairie  country  such  as  char- 
acterizes the  State  of  Texas  is,  of  necessity,  limited.  Yet 
the  artillery  and  infantry  have  performed  all  that  has  been 
required  or  that  could  have  been  expected  of  them,  and  the 
value  of  their  services  will  suffer  nothing  by  a  comparison 
with  the  other  branches  of  the  service. 

"  The  Second  Regiment  of  Cavalry  since  its  organi- 
zation has  been  in  the  saddle  and  the  field,  and,  by  its  re- 
peated successes  and  encounters  with  hostile  Indians,  has 
proven  its  value  and  efficiency,  and,  as  a  corps,  has  justly 
won  for  itself  a  lasting  and  enviable  reputation. 

"It  affords  the  general  commanding  the  department 
much  pleasure  in  this  connection  to  recur  again  to  the  late 
valuable  and  important  services  of  Brevet-Major  Earl  Van 

*  G.  0.  No.  13,  Headquarters  Department  of  Texas,  October  28,  1859. 


84  THE   KAEEATIVE. 

Dorn,  Second  Cavalry.  This  officer,  by  his  marked  judg- 
ment, energy,  and  military  ability,  has  gained  two  deci- 
sive victories  over  large  bodies  of  Comanches  in  the  re- 
cent campaigns  in  the  Wichita  country,  showing  conclu- 
sively that  these  qualities,  if  properly  exercised,  will  in- 
sure success  and  set  chance  at  defiance." 

Corporal  Patrick  Collins,  with  a  detachment  of  Com- 
pany I,  set  out  from  Camp  Ives  in  pursuit  of  a  party  of 
marauding  Comanches,  and  overtook  them  on  the  north 
branch  of  the  Guadalupe  River  on  the  14th  of  December, 
and  in  the  combat  that  ensued  killed  four,  wounded 
others,  and  captured  their  animals  and  camp  equipage. 

A  Mexican  named  Cortinas,  who  claimed  that  he  had 
been  wronged  by  the  citizens  of  Brownsville,  crossed  from 
the  Mexican  side  of  the  Rio  Grande  in  the  autumn  of  1859 
with  a  body  of  armed  men  recruited  from  both  sides  of  the 
river  and  estimated  from  six  hundred  to  fifteen  hundred 
strong.  This  unlawful  force  committed  many  depreda- 
tions and  killed  several  Americans.  It  was  reported  that 
Cortinas  had  captured  Brownsville,  and  that  he  had 
assumed  a  formidable  and  threatening  attitude  at  various 
places  between  the  Nueces  and  the  Rio  Grande.  The 
whole  frontier  and,  in  fact,  the  entire  State  were  very  much 
excited.  General  Twiggs  assembled  a  force  at  Brownsville 
under  the  command  of  Major  Heintzelman,  of  the  First 
Infantry.  There  was  but  one  cavalry  company  (E)  which 
could  be  readily  detached,  and  it  was  immediately  dis- 
patched to  the  scene  of  the  disturbances  ;  and  at  the  same 
time  detachments  of  companies  A,  I,  and  K  were  ordered 
to  old  Fort  Merrill,  on  the  Nueces,  at  whicli  place  they 
were  to  be  joined  by  other  troops.  Companies  C  and  F 
were  ordered  to  Brownsville,  Company  G  to  Fort  Inge, 
Company  D  to  Camp  Verde,  Company  H  to  Eagle  Pass, 
and  Company  K  to  Camp  Wood. 

On  the  14th  of  December  Major  Heintzelman  attacked 
a  part  of  Cortinas' s  forces  at  the  Ebonal,  near  Browns- 


THE  NARRATIVE.  85 

ville,  and  after  a  sharp  conflict  the  outlaws  abandoned  the 
blockade  which  they  had  established  on  the  main  road, 
and  retreated  up  the  Rio  Grande  until  they  effected  a 
junction  with  the  main  body.  The  United  States  forces 
consisted  of  Captain  Stoneman's  company,  three  com- 
panies of  the  First  Artillery  serving  as  infantry,  with  two 
twenty-four-pounder  howitzers,  and  three  companies  of 
Texas  Rangers,  numbering  about  three  hundred  and  eighty 
officers  and  enlisted  men. 

The  outlaws  were  pursued  up  the  Rio  Grande  and  again 
attacked  on  the  27th  at  Rio  Grande  City,  near  Ringgold 
Barracks,  by  the  same  force.  A  severe  engagement  fol- 
lowed, and  the  troops  gained  a  brilliant  and  decisive  vic- 
tory. The  enemy,  five  hundred  and  fifty  strong,  were 
driven  for  ten  miles,  when  they  abandoned  their  arms, 
ammunition,  and  supplies,  and  sought  safety  in  a  hasty 
retreat  across  the  Rio  Grande  into  Mexico.  They  suffered 
a  known  loss  in  the  engagements  of  sixty-six  killed  and 
many  wounded.  The  troops  had  seventeen  men  killed 
and  wounded.  Company  E,  which  dismounted  and  drove 
the  enemy  across  the  Rio  Grande  with  a  severe  loss, 
received  a  conspicuous  menlion  in  the  report  of  Major 
Heintzelman  for  gallant  and  distinguished  services  in  these 
engagements. 


CHAPTER   VI. 

Further  Operations  of  Cortinas  on  the  Rio  Grande — Combats  on  the  Pecan 
Bayou,  Kickapoo  Creek,  and  the  Aqua  Frio — John  McLoughlin — Expedi- 
tion to  the  Head-waters  of  the  Concho  and  Colorado  Rivers — Combats  on 
the  Brazos  River,  Sabano  Creek,  and  Pease  River. 

Cortinas  continued  to  harass  the  border  until  the  spring 
of  1S60,  and  the  bitter  feelings  aroused  by  his  lawless  ag- 
gressions were  such  as  to  soon  bring  about,  if  not  checked 
or  allayed,  a  state  of  war  between  the  United  States  and 
Mexico.  The  belief  was  general,  notwithstanding  the  pro- 
testations of  the  Mexican  authorities  that  they  did  not 
countenance  the  marauding  outlaws,  that  they  really  did 
so  by  an  intentional  non-action,  and  that  they  were 
afraid  to  disperse  them. 

Lieutenant  Kimmel  proceeded  in  March,  1860,  with  Com- 
pany G  to  Brownsville,  and  established  a  camp  above 
Captain  Stoneman  on  the  Rio  Grande.  A  few  companies 
of  infantry  and  artillery  were  also  in  the  immediate  vicinity, 
and  the  entire  force  was  under  the  command  of  Major 
Heintzelman.  The  squadron  of  cavalry  was  assigned  to 
the  duty  of  guarding  about  one  hundred  miles  of  the  Rio 
Grande  ;  but  it  was  impossible  to  do  so  with  any  satisfac- 
tory results,  as  the  river  was  everywhere  f ordable,  and  the 
marauders  had  only  to  watch  the  movements  of  the  troops 
to  know  when  to  make  an  incursion,  commit  their  depre- 
dations, and  then  retreat  to  the  Mexican  side. 

Captain  Stoneman  finally  made  a  proposition  to  Lieu- 
tenant Kimmel  to  cross  the  Rio  Grande  and  capture  the 
town  of  La  Mesa,  which  was  three  miles  distant  from  his 
camp,  and  where  it  was  reported  that  Cortinas  had  estab- 
lished his  headquarters.  These  officers  held  an  earnest 
consultation  over  the  proposed  movement,  and,  believing 


THE   NARRATIVE.  87 

that  they  could  capture  the  outlaw,   they  decided  to  as- 
sume the  responsibility  of  the  undertaking. 

On  the  night  of  the  15th  of  March,  having  been  reinforced 
by  seventy-five  State  troops,  they  crossed  the  river  and 
tit  daybreak  carried  the  town  by  an  assault,  killed  and 
wounded  several  Mexicans,  and  captured  three  hundred 
armed  men.  They  were  greatly  elated  with  the  supposed 
capture  of  Cortinas  and  his  entire  force,  but,  to  their  con- 
si.  srnation,  soon  learned  that  they  had  captured  a  garrison 
of  Mexican  soldiers.  The  situation  was  not  only  critical 
but  it  was  also  ludicrous.  They  had  not  anticipated  such 
a  success.  There  was  but  one  course  to  pursue,  and  it  was 
promptly  adopted.  The  prisoners  were  released  and  many 
apologies  were  offered  for  the  unintentional  mistake. 
They  were  soon  confronted  by  four  hundred  Mexican 
infantry  and  ordered  to  return  to  the  United  States  ;  but 
Captain  Stoneman  said  that,  no  matter  what  might  then 
happen,  he  could  not  be  in  any  worse  position  so  far  as 
the  question  of  a  violation  of  international  law  was  con- 
cerned, and  he  refused  to  comply  with  the  demand  until 
he  had  made  further  search  for  Cortinas.  The  Mexican 
colonel  then  threatened  to  attack  the  troops,  but  finally 
withdrew  his  forces,  saying  that  lie  would  report  the 
invasion  to  his  department  commander.  A  few  days 
thereafter  Captain  Stoneman  received  orders  to  return  at 
once  to  his  camp  on  the  Rio  Grande,  but  he  had  succeeded 
in  searching  the  country  for  twenty  miles  in  the  interior 
and  did  not  return  until  the  20th  inst. 

The  regimental  return  for  March,  1860,  quietly  records 
this  affair  as  follows : 

"  Company  G  arrived  at  Fort  Brown  on  the  7th  inst., 
and  proceeded  to  establish  a  camp  above  Captain  Stone- 
man on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  15th  inst.  joined  him 
and  proceeded  into  Mexico  on  a  scout  for  the  purpose  of 
arresting  Cortinas.  The  companies  returned  on  the  20th 
inst.  after  a  long  and  tedious  march." 


88  THE   NARRATIVE. 

Meanwhile  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee,  who  had  been  as- 
signed to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  Texas  in 
February,  1860,  started  from  San  Antonio  early  in  March, 
determined  to  put  an  end  to  the  troubles.  Captain  Brack- 
ets with  his  company,  joined  him  at  Camp  Verde,  and 
Lieutenant  Eagle,  with  Company  H,  joined  him  at  Eagle 
Pass.  He  then  proceeded  to  Ringgold  Barracks,  where  he 
was  informed  of  the  affair  at  La  Mesa.  He  then  pushed 
on  to  Edinburg,  opposite  Reynosa,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  7th  of  April  and  found  the  community  in  a  state  of 
great  excitement,  as  on  that  day  the  Mexican  soldiers 
and  State  troops  had  exchanged  shots  across  the  Rio 
Grande,  the  former  having  begun  the  firing. 

Captain  Brackett  was  dispatched  with  a  white  flag  to 
the  authorities  of  Reynosa,  to  ascertain  the  cause  of  the 
firing  and  demand  the  surrender  of  Cortinas,  who  was  re- 
ported to  be  in  the  town.  He  found  the  streets  barricaded, 
cannons  planted  in  front  of  the  court-house,  and  four  com- 
panies under  arms  on  the  plaza.  The  town  presented  a 
warlike  appearance,  while  on  the  American  side  two  squad- 
rons of  the  regiment  (E,  G,  H,  I)  and  two  companies  of 
State  troops  were  awaiting  the  result  of  his  mission.  The 
authorities  said  that  the  firing  was  unintentionally  begun, 
that  it  was  stopped  as  soon  as  possible,  and  that  Cor- 
tinas had  fled  to  the  interior. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee  then  proceeded  to  Brownsville, 
and  thence  to  Matamoras,  where  he  had  a  consultation  with 
the  Mexican  General  Garcia,  who  promised  to  destroy  or 
disperse  the  outlaws.  He  then  sent  out  a  force  which  met 
them  near  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  state  of  Tamaulipas,  and 
after  a  fierce  engagement  defeated  and  dispersed  them 
with  a  severe  loss.  Cortinas  then  disappeared  from  public 
notice  for  many  years. 

Captain  Stoneman  with  a  squadron  of  cavalry  was  sta- 
tioned near  Edinburg,  and  Captain  Brackett  with  another 
squadron  Avas  stationed  at  Camp  Rosario  ;  but  as  no 
additional  outrages  were   committed,  and  as   the  border 


THE  NARRATIYE.  89 

became  again  quiet,  they  were  transferred,  in  the  autumn, 
to  interior  posts. 

During  the  progress  of  these  events  the  other  companies 
were  actively  employed,  and  January  and  February  were 
marked  by  four  successful  encounters  with  the  hostile 
Comanches,  which,  although  minor  affairs,  were  highly 
creditable  to  the  troops  who  were  engaged  in  them.  They 
occurred  in  the  following  order  : 

Information  was  received  at  Camp  Colorado,  at  midnight 
of  the  14th  of  January,  that  a  party  of  Comanches  had 
stolen  twenty-four  animals  from  the  settlers  who  were  liv- 
ing near  the  post.  Within  an  hour  Lieutenant  Lee  and  a 
detachment  of  Company  B  were  in  hot  pursuit.  After  a 
rapid  march  for  seventeen  hours  a  halt  was  made  until  day- 
break, when  the  trail,  which  had  been  lost,  was  found  in  a 
thicket,  through  which  the  Indians  had  carefully  led  their 
animals  and  then  arranged  the  undergrowth  so  that  it  did 
not  appear  to  have  been  disturbed.  If  it  had  not  been  for 
a  light  fall  of  snow  which  betrayed  the  trail  to  the  edge  of 
the  thicket,  it  is  doubtful  if  the  men  would  have  discovered 
the  skilful  manoeuvre  of  the  enemy.  After  another  rapid 
ride  for  several  hours,  and  on  the  morning  of  the  second 
day,  two  Comanches  were  discovered  driving  a  herd  of 
animals  up  the  Pecan  Bayou.  One  Indian  was  killed  and 
the  animals  were  captured.  The  other  Indian,  mounted 
on  a  fleet  pony,  succeeded  in  crossing  a  prairie  and  reach- 
ing unharmed  an  adjoining  wood,  having  once  in  his  flight 
turned  and  discharged  two  arrows  at  Bugler  Hayes.*  The 
pursuit  was  continued  over  hills  and  through  ravines  for 
seven  miles,  when  he  abandoned  his  pony  and  sought 
safety  in  a  rocky  ravine.  The  lieutenant,  after  searching 
for  three  hours,  found  him  behind  a  ledge  of  rocks,  and  the 
next  moment  they  were  engaged  in  a  hand-to-hand  strug- 
gle. Bugler  Hayes  hastened  to  the  spot,  but  was  afraid 
to  shoot,  fearing  that  he  might  miss  the  Indian  and  disable 
his  officer.     Lieutenant  Lee  finally,  by  a  "  back-heel  fall," 

*Now  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  Cavaliy. 


90  THE   NARRATIVE. 

succeeded  in  throwing  the  Indian,  when  he  killed  him. 
Lieutenant  Lee  afterwards  said  that  when  the  Indian  was 
sorely  pressing  him  he  thought  of  the  "back-heel  fall"  as 
he  had  learned  it  when  a  boy,  and  applied  it  with  complete 
success. 

A  detachment  of  Company  A,  commanded  by  First  Ser- 
geant Robert  N.  Chapman,  set  out  from  Fort  Mason  on 
the  25th  of  January,  and  the  next  day  found  a  Co- 
manche camp  on  Kickapoo  Creek,  protected  by  steep  bluffs 
on  one  side  and  a  dense  chaparral  on  the  other.  Several 
charges  were  made,  mounted  and  on  foot.  In  the  first 
charge  three  horses  were  killed  and  wounded,  and  in  the 
other  charges  three  more  were  severely  wounded.  After  a 
sharp  engagement  of  three  hours  he  defeated  the  enemy. 
Four  warriors  were  killed  and  others  were  wounded. 
Thirteen  animals  were  captured. 

Sergeant  Alex.  McK.  Craig,  with  a  detachment  of  Com- 
pany C,  was  dispatched  from  Camp  Lawson  on  the  27th  of 
January  in  pursuit  of  a  party  of  Comanches  who  had 
stolen  a  number  of  horses  from  the  settlers.  The  Indians 
were  overtaken  on  the  29th  in  a  thick  chaparral  on  the 
Aqua  Frio.  A  charge  was  made,  and  a  running  fight  en- 
sued for  four  or  five  miles.  Four  warriors  were  killed  and 
two  severely  wounded.  Twenty-one  animals  were  cap- 
tured. 

Captain  Johnson,  with  his  company,  started  from  Fort 
Mason  on  the  30th  of  January  on  an  expedition  to  the 
head- waters  of  the  North  Concho,  but  found  no  Indians. 
Renewing  his  supplies  at  Fort  Chadbourne,  where  he  left 
a  number  of  dismounted  men  and  disabled  horses,  he  re- 
sumed his  scout  and  succeeded  on  the  second  day  in 
finding  a  trail  of  fourteen  horses,  which  he  followed.  On 
the  next  day  (February  13),  near  sunset,  he  came  upon  a 
party  of  Comanches  encamped  in  a  dense  chaparral  be- 
tween Brady  and  Kickapoo  creeks.  He  captured  their 
horses  and  then  attacked  the  camp,  but  was  unable  to 
reach  the  Indians  by  a  mounted  charge.      Dismounting 


THE    NARKATIYK.  91 

his  men,  he  advanced  on  foot  and  continued  firing  when- 
ever an  Indian  could  be  seen  until  dark.    .  Three  warriors 

were  killed.  A  violent  storm  during  the  night  enabled 
the  Indians  to  effect  their  escape.  Captain  Johnson,  in 
his  report  of  the  affair,  expressed  the  opinion  that  white 
men  were  with  the  party,  as  when  the  charge  was  first 
made  he  heard  two  men  speaking  the  English  language 
too  fluently  for  Indians. 

The  record  would  be  incomplete  without  some  reference 
to  John  McLoughlin,  a  Delaware  Indian,  who  was  employ- 
ed as  a  guide  at  Fort  Mason.  An  expedition  from  that 
post  was  not  complete  without  him.  He  was  a  brave  man, 
and  seemed  to  be  endowed  by  nature  with  certain  qualities 
which  experience  rarely  teaches  a  white  man,  no  matter 
how  long  he  may  live  on  the  frontier.  He  could  not  be 
lost,  and  he  always  knew  by  the  general  character  of  the 
country  where  to  seek  for  wood,  water,  and  grass.  John 
loved  whiskey,  and  when  he  was  notified  to  hold  himself 
in  readiness  to  accompany  an  expedition  he  was  certain 
to  get  drunk  and  hence  be  unable  to  march  with  the 
command  at  the  appointed  hour,  but  would  always  over- 
take it  the  next  day.  When  asked  why  he  always  got 
drunk  when  ordered  for  field-service  he  would  invariably 
reply :  "  May  be  so  for  thirty  days  get  no  more  whiskey." 
His  shortcomings  were  overlooked  because  of  his  devo- 
tion and  good  conduct  wdien  removed  from  temptation. 
His  intercourse  with  the  regiment  had  enabled  him  to  ac- 
quire considerable  information,  and  if  he  had  been  favored 
with  an  education  he  would  have  been  a  man  of  more  than 
average  ability.  He  remained  in  Texas  when  the  regiment 
left  the  State,  and  his  subsequent  career  is  unknown. 

Major  Thomas,  with  Lieutenant  Lowe,  thirteen  men  of 
the  band,  and  a  detachment  of  Company  D,  set  out  from 
Cam])  Cooper  on  the  23d  of  July  for  the  head-waters  of  the 
Concho  and  Colorado  rivers.  He  was  joined  on  the  Colo- 
rado River  on  the  27th  by  Lieutenant  Lee  with  Company 
B,  and  at  Kiowa  Creek  on  the  31st  by  Captain  Johnson 


92  THE   NARRATIVE. 

with  his  company  and  Lieutenant  Porter  with  Company  A. 
The  command  then  marched  to  and  examined  the  country 
contiguous  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Concho  River,  and 
between  that  stream  and  the  Colorado  River,  without 
encountering  hostile  Indians.  Major  Thomas  continued 
his  operations  until  the  20th  of  August,  when  the  expedi- 
tion was  disbanded  and  companies  A,  B,  and  F  returned 
to  their  stations.  He  then  started,  with  the  band  and 
detachment  of  Company  D,  for  Camp  Cooper,  and  on  the 
25th  discovered  an  Indian  trail  twenty-five  miles  east  of 
Mountain  Pass.  The  wagons  were  at  once  dispatched  to 
Camp  Cooper,  and  the  command,  with  pack-mules,  started 
in  pursuit  and  marched  forty  miles,  when  nightfall  com- 
pelled a  halt.  The  pursuit  was  resumed  at  daybreak  of 
the  26th,  and  after  a  rapid  march  of  twenty  miles  the  In- 
dians were  discovered  on  the  Salt  Fork  of  the  Brazos 
River  just  as  they  were  about  leaving  their  camp.  After 
a  hot  pursuit  for  some  miles  they  abandoned  their  loose 
animals — twenty-eight  in  number— and  escaped,  except 
one,  who,  having  dismounted,  was  killed,  but  not  until 
he  had  wounded  Major  Thomas  (twice)  and  five  enlisted 
men. 

Corporal  John  Rutter,  with  a  detachment  of  Company 
B,  started  from  Camp  Colorado  in  pursuit  of  Indians  who 
had  stolen  horses  from  citizens  five  miles  from  the  post. 
He  persevered  in  the  pursuit  during  a  heavy  rain-storm 
which  continued  with  little  intermission  for  two  days,  and 
arrived  on  the  27th  of  August  at  Sabano  Creek,  which  re- 
quired swimming.  The  command  entered  the  stream  and 
effected  a  crossing,  men  and  horses  going  under.  Upon 
gaining  the  opposite  bank  the  corporal  found  himself  in 
the  Indian  camp.  A  charge  was  made,  but  unfortunately 
only  three  or  four  carbines  and  pistols  would  fire.  The 
Indians,  discovering  the  condition  of  the  arms,  forced  their 
way  through  the  lines  and  escaped.  Two  warriors  were 
wounded  and  the  stolen  horses  were  recovered.  One 
enlisted  man  was  killed  and  two  horses  were  wounded. 


TIIE   NARRATIVE.  93 

First  Sergeant  John  W.  Spangler,  of  Company  H,  closed 
the  record  of  the  year  with  a  brilliant  success.  He  started 
with  a  part  of  Company  II  and  a  detachment  of  State 
troops  from  Camp  Cooper  in  December,  and  marched 
north  to  Pease  River,  a  tributary  of  Red  River,  where  on 
the  19th  he  encountered  a  war-party  of  Comanches,  and 
killed  fourteen,  wounded  some,  and  captured  three  war- 
riors and  forty-five  animals,  without  loss  or  serious  hurt 
to  the  victors. 

All  the  companies  were  very  active  during  the  year,  and 
at  least  fifteen  of  the  minor  expeditions  are  worthy  of 
more  than  a  brief  mention,  but  the  record  for  one  is  the 
record  for  all — many  miles  of  toilsome  marches  and  ex- 
posures to  inclement  weather  in  the  discharge  of  incon- 
spicuous duty — and  it  is  not,  therefore,  deemed  necessary 
to  do  more  than  invite  attention  to  the  arduous  service 
without  entering  into  details. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

The  Secession  of  Texas— Concentration  of  the  Regiment  at  Green  Lake  and 
Embarkation  at  Indianola  for  the  North — Arrival  at  Carlisle  Barracks. 

The  storm  of  political  passion  that  had  been  threaten  ■ 
ing  the  integrity  of  the  nation  was  now  upon  the  country, 
gathering  strength  with  the  revolt,  one  after  another,  of 
the  Southern  States.  The  convention  of  Texas  assembled 
in  January,  1861,  and,  as  a  majority  of  the  delegates  were 
unconditional  secessionists,  the  State  was  declared  to  be 
withdrawn  from  the  national  Union.  It  was  assumed 
that  this  act  would  be  submitted  to  the  people,  and  that 
the  legislature  would  be  convened  to  give  effect  to  the 
popular  will ;  but  the  convention  ignored  these  important 
ceremonies  and  appointed  commissioners  to  confer  with 
General  Twiggs  for  an  immediate  surrender  of  the  forts 
and  government  property  within  the  department.  A  com- 
pliance with  this  demand  would  have  reduced  the  troops 
to  a  helpless  condition,  and  General  Twiggs  said  that  he 
would  not  so  disgrace  and  humiliate  the  soldiers  under  his 
command. 

The  array  officers  had  given  intelligent  attention  to  the 
political  complications  of  the  period.  They  had  discussed 
their  probable  termination  with  much  solicitude,  and  when 
they  witnessed  the  apparent  disruption  of  the  nation  no 
other  class  of  men  in  the  country  were  more  profoundly 
impressed  with  the  gravity  of  the  situation.  The}^  consti- 
tuted a  military  family  bound  together  by  many  ties  of 
comradeship  and  dangers  shared  with  each  other,  and,  with 
few  exceptions,  they  were  opposed  to  secession  as  a  rem- 
edy for  real  or  imaginary  grievances.  The  officers  who  re- 
signed and  entered  the  Confederate  service  did  so  because 


THE   NAERA'TIVE.  95 

of  the  social  pressure  which  was  applied  to  influence  them, 
and  the  fallacy  that  their  first  allegiance  was  due  to  a  state 
and  not  to  the  nation. 

General  Twiggs,  after  several  efforts  to  obtain  instruc- 
tions from  the  government  as  to  the  policy  he  should  pur- 
sue, finally — as  he  alleged,  to  avoid  bloodshed — surrendered 
on  the  18th  of  February,  1861,  upon  the  demand  of  the  in- 
surgents of  Texas,  the  military  posts  and  other  property 
of  the  United  States  in  the  department  and  under  his 
charge,  and  issued  an  "  Order  of  Exercises,"  in  which  he 
required  the  troops  to  evacuate  the  posts,  surrender  all 
public  property  not  necessary  to  transport  them  to  the 
coast,  and  then,  retaining  their  side-arms,  to  concentrate  at 
Green  Lake,  where  they  would  surrender  the  remaining 
transportation  to  the  self-appointed  State  agents.  If  Gen- 
eral Twiggs  had  been  loyal  to  his  country  he  could  have 
concentrated  the  troops  upon  the  northern  frontier  of  Texas 
and  marched  through  the  Indian  Territory  to  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, leaving  nothing  behind  except  the  public  buildings. 
But  when  his  "  Order  of  Exercises"  was  promulgated  to 
his  command  it  was  too  late  to  prevent  the  shameful  sur- 
render. 

The  regiment  had  been  for  years  in  a  state  of  constant 
alertness.  It  had  stood  between  the  settlers  and  the  In- 
dians, protecting  each  at  times  from  the  wrong-doings  of 
the  other.  This  service  had  developed  in  the  officers 
and  men  habits  of  command  and  individual  enterprise, 
the  successful  exercise  of  which  had  won  the  unbounded 
admiration  of  the  citizens  of  the  State.  When  it  was 
rumored  that  there  was  danger  of  conflicts  between  the 
regulars  and  the  State  troops  the  newspapers  appealed  to 
the  governor  to  prevent  such  a  calamity.  It  was  justly 
said  by  these  organs  of  public  opinion  that  "the  regular 
army  had  made  with  its  best  blood  many  places  within  the 
State  holy  and  almost  classic  ground,  and  that  black 
indeed  would  be  that  page  in  Texas  history  which  should 
record  such  contests."     The  demand  was  every  where  made 


96  THE   NAERATIVE. 

that  no  such  treatment  should  be  meted  out  to  the  regu- 
lars, that  no  such  dishonor  should  be  attached  to  the 
State,  and  that  no  such  ingratitude  should  blacken  the 
pages  of  its  history. 

The  troops  were  marched  coastward  in  small  detach- 
ments ;  those  at  the  most  distant  posts  were  first  moved  to 
prevent  a  concentration  at  any  northern  station  for  the 
purpose  of  marching  through  the  Indian  Territory.  Cap- 
tains Oakes,  Stoneman,  and  Whiting  made  efforts  to  unite 
their  commands  for  this  purpose,  making  Fort  Leaven- 
worth or  Jefferson  Barracks  the  objective  point ;  but  upon 
consultation  at  Fort  Inge  it  was  discovered  that  nearly  all 
the  serviceable  transportation  had  been  removed  from  the 
posts,  and  that  the  subsistence  stores  on  hand  were  barely 
sufficient  to  supply  the  troops  for  the  march  to  the  sea- 
coast.  The  companies  were  widely  separated,  and  the  offi- 
cers were  compelled  to  accept  the  situation  or  be  held  as 
prisoners  of  war  until  they  could  be  exchanged.  The 
"  Order  of  Exercises"  was  complete  in  all  its  details,  and 
the  regiment  could  do  no  better  than  submit  to  it  and  get 
out  of  the  country  as  soon  as  possible. 

Meanwhile  the  insurgents  had  raised  troops  to  occupy 
the  forts  and  protect  the  frontiers  against  the  hostile 
Indians,  who,  emboldened  by  the  withdrawal  of  the 
regulars,  began  with  renewed  vigor  a  series  of  preda- 
tory incursions  against  the  unprotected  settlements  be- 
tween Camp  Wood  and  Fort  Inge.  Many  citizens  were 
murdered  and  much  property  was  taken  or  destroyed. 
The  State  troops  failed  to  chastise  the  Indians  or  protect 
the  settlements.  They  lacked  discipline  and  organization. 
The  settlers  on  the  Rio  Grande  were  soon  in  a  state  of  alarm, 
and  the  savages  reveled  in  carnivals  of  blood  and  plunder 
until  Lieutenant  Arnold,  with  Company  C,  set  out  from 
Fort  Inge  in  pursuit  of  the  marauding  Comanches,  and 
pushed  them  so  closely  that  they  were  compelled  to  seek 
safety  in  Mexico.  Thus  to  the  very  last  hour  the  regiment 
discharged  its  duty  to  the  State,  even  when  the  citizens 


THE  NAEEATIVE.  97 

dad  renounced  the  flag  of  their  country  and  were  seeking 
a  redress  for  imaginary  grievances  in  an  attempt  to  destroy 
the  nation. 

During  this  eventful  period  Colonel  Johnston  was  at 
San  Francisco,  commanding  the  Department  of  California. 
The  headquarters  of  the  regiment  were  at  Fort  Mason 
under  the  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee,  who  was 
soon  ordered  to  Washington  for  the  purpose  of  offering 
him  a  command  in  the  field.  Majors  Thomas  and  Van 
Dorn  were  on  leaves  of  absence.  The  senior  captain  was 
not  serving  with  the  headquarters,  and  the  regiment  was 
without  a  commanding  officer  from  the  13th  of  February  to 
the  11th  of  April,  1861. 

The  regiment  began  its  exodus  from  the  State  in  Febru- 
ary, 1861.  Companies  B,  D,  H,  and  I  marched  from  their 
stations  to  Green  Lake.  Companies  E  and  G  were  trans- 
ported by  steamboat  to  Brazos  Santiago,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Rio  Grande,  thence  by  sea  to  Indianola,  whence 
they  marched  to  Green  Lake,  where  they  joined  the  first 
named,  and  the  six  companies  constituted  the  first  de- 
tachment, which  soon  afterwards  marched  to  Indianola, 
and  embarked  on  the  steamship  Coatzacoalcos  on  the  31st 
of  March  and  proceeded,  by  the  way  of  Key  West  and 
Havana,  to  New  York,  where  they  arrived  on  the  11th  of 
April  and  were  met  by  Major  Thomas,  and  moved  thence 
by  rail  to  Carlisle  Barracks,  where  they  arrived  on  the 
loth.  Companies  D  and  H  were  ordered  to  Washington, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  17th. 

The  regimental  headquarters  and  companies  A,  C,  F, 
and  K,  followed  soon  thereafter,  and  united  at  Indianola 
as  the  second  detachment,  and  embarked  on  the  steam- 
ship Empire  City  and  proceeded  by  the  way  of  Havana  to 
New  York,  where  they  arrived  on  the  20th  of  April,  and 
moved  thence  by  rail  to  Carlisle  Barracks,  where  the 
companies  were  reported  for  duty  on  the  27th. 

When  the  second  detachment  arrived  at  San  Antonio 
the  State  troops  were  flying  the  "Lone-Star  Flag"  over 
7 


98  THE   NARRATIVE. 

the  Alamo.  The  next  morning  the  command  marched 
through  the  principal  streets  with  the  regimental  standard 
and  company  guidons  displayed  and  the  band  playing 
"Yankee  Doodle"  and  "Hail  Columbia."  A  large  num- 
ber of  citizens  followed  the  troops  beyond  the  city  limits 
and  presented  them  with  a  United  States  flag.  The  next 
afternoon  the  command  arrived  at  Goliad,  where  a  Se- 
cession flag  was  displayed  from  the  principal  flags  I  air. 
The  men,  without  the  knowledge  of  their  officers,  cut  down 
the  flag  during  the  night,  and  the  next  morning  it  was 
used  to  make  head-streamers  for  the  train  mules,  and  was 
thus  displayed  as  the  troops  marched  through  the  town. 

The  day  after  this  detachment  sailed  from  Indianola 
a  Confederate  force  entered  the  harbor  and  captured  the 
remaining  transport  steamship,  Star  of  the  West,  and  all 
the  National  troops  remaining  in  the  State  were  captured, 
and  paroled  as  prisoners  of  war. 

Captain  Palmer  commanded  the  first,  and  Captain  Whit- 
ing the  second,  detachment,  and  the  following-named  offi- 
cers accompanied  the  regiment  out  of  Texas  :  Captains 
Stoneman,  Brackett,  and  Johnson  ;  Lieutenants  Jenifer, 
Royall,  Chambliss,  Lowe,  Harrison,  Kimmel,  Arnold,  and 
Porter.  The  senior  officer  on  the  Coatzacoalcos  was  Cap- 
tain John  H.  King,  First  Infantry.  The  senior  officer  on 
the  Empire  City  was  Captain  Oliver  L.  Shepherd,  Third 
Infantry.  The  division  of  the  command  on  the  Empire 
City,  grand  at  the  time,  seems  ludicrous  now  as  it  is 
viewed  back  through  the  years  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
Captain  Shepherd  announced  himself  as  chief  in  com- 
mand, with  Captain  George  Sykes,  Third  Infantry,  as 
chief  of  infantry,  and  Carjtain  Charles  J.  Whiting,  Second 
Cavalry,  as  chief  of  cavalry. 

The  loyalty  of  the  enlisted  men  was  severely  tested 
before  leaving  Texas.  The  State  agents  offered  them  good 
pay  and  liberal  bounty  if  they  would  enter  the  Confederate 
service,  but,  with  few  exceptions,  they  confirmed  the  opin- 
ion entertained  of  them  by  their  officers  and  were  faithful 


THE  NAEEATIVE.  99 

to  their  obligations.  When  they  arrived  at  New  York 
they  were  received  with  demonstrations  of  delight.  They 
carried  the  easy  and  resolute  assurance  which  indicates 
the  soldier  trained  by  experience  in  the  field,  and  the 
citizens  seemed  to  think,  if  the  regular  army  were  com- 
posed of  such  men,  that  the  revolt  would  soon  be  crushed. 
The  country  did  not  comprehend  the  magnitude  of  the 
rebellion,  and  was  of  the  opinion  that  the  difficulties 
would  soon  be  adjusted ;  but  the  officers  and  men  who 
had  returned  from  the  Southern  States  knew  that  the 
secessionists  were  preparing  for  a  desperate  struggle  if 
the  government  should  attempt  to  assert  its  rightful 
authority,  as  it  would  surely  do. 


Third    Period— 186 1-1 865. 


THE   WAR    OF   THE   REBELLION. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

Preparations  at  Carlisle  Barracks  and  Distribution  of  the  Companies— Capture 
of  Alexandria— Skirmish  at  Fairfax  Court-House— The  Shenandoah  and 
Manassas  Campaigns— Winter  Quarters  in  the  Defenses  of  Washington— 
The  Consolidation  of  the  Mounted  Regiments  in  one  Corps. 

On  the  14th.  of  April,  1861,  Fort  Sumter,  after  a  bom- 
bardment of  two  days,  was  evacuated  and  surrendered  to 
the  South  Carolina  insurgents,  and  a  few  days  later  the 
Sixth  Massachusetts  Volunteers  were  mobbed  while  march- 
ing through  the  streets  of  Baltimore  en  route  to  the  defense 
of  the  capital.  There  was  no  longer  a  doubt  concerning 
the  intentions  of  the  secession  leaders. 

The  regular  army  was  distributed  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  and 
the  British  possessions,  and  it  became  evident  that  a  large 
force  of  volunteers  must  be  employed,  as  the  entire  army 
(about  sixteen  thousand),  if  concentrated,  was  inadequate 
to  suppress  the  wide-spread  insurrection. 

On  the  15th  of  April  the  President  called  for  seventy- 
five  thousand  three  months'  militia,  and  summoned  Con- 
gress to  assemble  on  the  4th  of  July  ;  but  after  the  battle 
of  Bull  Run,  when  the  government  realized  that  the  re- 
bellion would  not  be  so  easily  crushed,  Congress  author- 
ized the  President  to  accept  the  services  of  one  million 
volunteers. 


;    /   i 


THE  NAERA.TIVE.  L01 

The  regimenl  was  somewhat  disorganized  by  the  resig- 
nations of  the  officers  who  had  been  induced  to  unite  their 
fortunes  with  the  seceded  States,  but  the  vacancies  were 
promptly  tilled.  Major  Thomas  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel  on  the  25th  of  April,  and  on  the  3d  of  May  he  suc- 
ceeded to  the  colonelcy.  He  at  once  applied  himself  to 
the  task  of  equipping  the  regiment  for  the  held.  Two 
squadrons  (B,  E,  Gr,  and  I)  were  dispatched  to  Washing- 
ton so  soon  as  they  were  remounted,  and  on  the  27th  of 
May  he  reported  the  remaining  squadrons  (A,  C,  F,  and  1\) 
ready  for  service.  These,  under  the  command  of  Colonel 
Thomas,  reported  on  the  1st  of  June  to  General  Patterson 
at  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  for  participation  in  the  Shenandoah 
campaign. 

The  three  squadrons  serving  at  Washington  were  em- 
ployed in  guarding  the  White  House  and  the  Treasury 
buildings  until  the  23d  of  May,  when  three  companies 
crossed  the  Potomac  under  the  command  of  Major  Stone- 
man  and  assisted  in  the  capture  of  Alexandria.  They 
were  then  stationed  at  Fort  Corcoran  (B),  Alexandria  I  E), 
and  Arlington  (I)  until  the  beginning  of  the  Manassas 
campaign. 

Lieutenant  Tompkins,  with  fifty  men  of  Company  B, 
set  out  from  Ball's  Cross-Roads  on  the  night  of  the  31st 
of  May  on  a  reconnaissance  to  Fairfax  Court-House. 
He  captured  en  route  two  picket  stations,  and  the  next 
morning  charged  three  times  through  the  town  and  com- 
pletely routed  the  enemy  with  a  loss  of  twenty-five  killed 
and  wounded.  The  lieutenant  was  severely  injured  by  his 
wounded  horse  falling  on  him.  Five  men  were  wounded 
and  thirteen  horses  were  killed  and  wounded.  This 
brilliant  dash— the  first  National  cavalry  success  in 
Virginia— made  Lieutenant  Tompkins  deservedly  con- 
spicuous. 

On  the  1st  of  July  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah  cross,;! 
the  Potomac  at  Williamsport,  Md.  Colonel  Thomas'  i>;: 
gade,  in  which   two  squadrons  of  the  regiment  (A.  C,  V. 


102  THE   NARRATIVE. 

and  K)  were  serving,  led  the  advance  and  participated  in 
the  affairs  at  Falling  Waters.  Martinsburg,  and  Bunker 
Hill.  The  army  then  moved  to  Charles  town,  and  thence 
back  to  Harper's  Ferry,  where  it  arrived  on  the  21st  of 
July.  The  cavalry  left  that  place  on  the  26th  and  arrived 
at  Sandy  Hook,  Md.,  the  same  day,  and  continued  to  serve 
in  the  field  until  September,  when  they  were  ordered  to 
the  defenses  of  Washington. 

The  cavalry  forces  employed  in  the  Manassas  campaign 
consisted  of  a  squadron  of  the  First  Cavalry,  one  com- 
pany of  the  Second  Dragoons,  and  two  squadrons  (B,  E, 
G,  and  I)  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry— about  three 
hundred  and  fifty  men.  Captain  Brackett,  with  a  squad- 
ron (G  and  I),  while  assisting  General  Tyler  in  making 
a  reconnaissance  on  the  18th  of  July  near  Blackburn's 
Ford,  became  hotly  engaged  with  the  enemy  and  had  three 
men  wounded  and  eight  horses  killed. 

On  the  19th  Company  I  was  selected  for  General  Mc- 
Dowell's escort,  Company  E  was  attached  to  General 
Heintzelman'  s  division,  the  company  of  the  Second  Dra- 
goons was  attached  to  General  Hunter's  division,  and  the 
remaining  squadrons — one  of  the  First  Cavalry  and  one 
(B  and  G)  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry— under  the 
command  of  Major  Palmer,  were  attached  to  Porter's 
brigade  of  General  Hunter's  division. 

These  companies  were  chiefly  employed  during  the  bat- 
tle of  Bull  Run  as  supports  to  batteries  of  artilleiy. 
Those  with  General  Hunter's  division  crossed  Bull  Bun  at 
one  of  the  upper  fords  and  assisted  in  turning  the  enemy's 
left  flank,  which  at  half -past  three  o'clock  p.m.  had  been 
forced  back  until  the  National  troops  had  possession  of  the 
Warrenton  pike  leading  from  the  stone  bridge.  At  this 
supreme  moment,  when  the  National  troops  seemed  to  be 
victorious,  the  Confederate  general  E.  K.  Smith  arrived 
with  a  fresh  brigade,  and,  marching  through  a  piece  of 
timber,  appeared  almost  in  the  rear  of  General  McDowell's 
right  Hank.     A  panic  at  once  ensued,  and  the  men  who 


THE   NARRATIVE.  103 

only  a  moment  before  wore  flushed  with  success  begun  :i 
disorderly  flight,  which  was  only  ended  when  they  were 
safely  wilh in  the  defenses  of  Washington. 

The  soldierly  discipline  of  the  regulars  was  of  inesti- 
mable value  during  the  retreat.  They  never  failed  to  obey 
their  officers,  and  when  retiring  from  the  field,  although 
surrounded  by  the  greatest  disorder  and  confusion,  they 
preserved  their  formations  and  halted  and  marched  at  the 
word  of  command.  The  retreat  was  continued  without 
serious  check  until  the  fugitives  had  passed  Centreville, 
when  a  reserve  was  established  and  comparative  order  was 
restored. 

When  the  panic  began  the  cavalry  and  a  section  of 
artillery  formed  a  line  of  battle  and  held  the  enemy  until 
the  infantry  had  retired  from  the  field.  They  then  retired 
in  good  order,  and  were  the  last  organized  troops  to  cross 
Bull  Run,  and  served  as  a  rear-guard  to  Centreville,  where 
they  bivouacked  on  the  ground  which  they  had  occupied 
before  the  battle.  The  casualties  in  the  regiment  were 
nine  men  wounded  and  twenty  horses  killed.  At  mid- 
night the  companies  were  aroused  and  marched  to  Arling- 
ton, and  a  few  days  afterwards  they  joined  the  other 
companies  in  the  defenses  of  Washington,  where  the 
regiment  served  during  the  winter  of  1861-62. 

Colonel  Thomas,  having  been  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general,  relinquished  the  command  of  the  regiment  and 
thereafter  served  with  the  Western  armies,  where  he  ac- 
quired a  world-wide  reputation  as  one  of  the  ablest  gen- 
erals of  the  war. 

The  companies  were  frequently  employed  during  the 
winter  making  reconnaissances  into  Virginia  and  Mary- 
land. Lieutenant  Bailey  narrowly  escaped  capture  while 
making  a  reconnaissance,  on  the  5th  of  September, 
towards  Falls  Church,  and  Company  K  had  a  skirmish 
with  the  enemy  near  Vienna,  Va.,  on  the  20th  of  October. 

Section  12  of  an  act  of  Congress  approved  August  3, 
1861,  enacted  "that  the   two  regiments   of  dragoons,  the 


104  THE   NARRATIVE. 

regiment  of  mounted  riflemen,  and  the  two  regiments  of 
cavalry  shall  hereafter  be  known  and  recognized  as  the 
first,  second,  third,  fourth,  and  fifth  regiments  ot  cavalry 
respectively  ;  the  officers  thereof  to  retain  their  present 
relative  rank  and  to  be  promoted  as  of  one  arm  of  service, 
according  to  existing  law  and  established  usage  and  regu- 
lation." 

The  First  Dragoons  became  the  First  Cavalry,  the 
Second  Dragoons  became  the  Second  Cavalry,  the  Mount- 
ed Riflemen  became  the  Third  Cavalry,  the  First  Cav- 
alry became  the  Fourth  Cavalry,  the  Second  Cavalry 
became  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  the  new  Third  Cavalry, 
which  was  authorized  by  the  President  on  the  4th  of  May, 
1861,  and  continued  by  an  act  of  Congress  approved  July 
29,  1861,  became  the  Sixth  Cavalry. 


CHAPTER   IX. 

The  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  Campaigns— The  Tv  've 
Days' Cavalry  Fighting  during  the  Advance  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
into  Virginia— Fredericksburg— Winter  Camp  at  Falmouth. 

General  Stoneman,  as  chief  of  cavalry  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  applied  himself  during  the  winter  of  1861- 
62  to  the  task  of  creating  a  valuable  cavalry  organization. 
His  energy,  sound  judgment,  and  ripe  experience  over- 
came, so  far  as  it  was  possible,  many  obstacles  arising  from 
the  deficiency  of  arms  and  equipments,  and  when  the  army 
was  ready  to  move  in  the  spring  of  1862  he  had  succeeded 
in  organizing  a  force  which  was  capable  of  achieving  excel- 
lent results,  if  a  wise  judgment  had  controlled  the  use  of 
it.  The  volunteer  cavalry  were  in  an  excellent  condition, 
and  the  regular  cavalry  had  been  drilled  to  their  habitual 
state  of  efficiency.  But,  unfortunately,  there  was  a  well- 
developed  fondness  displayed  at  corps,  division,  and  bri- 
gade headquarters  for  the  presence  of  numerous  and  Avell- 
mounted  orderlies.  The  details  for  ornamental  service, 
combined  with  those  for  picket  and  escort  duties,  about 
absorbed  the  cavalry  regiments,  so  that  during  the  first 
years  of  the  war  they  did  not  have  an  opportunity  to  win 
much  distinction. 

On  the  10th  of  March,  1862,  the  regiment,  serving  in 
Emory' s  brigade  of  the  cavalry  reserve,  marched  with  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  to  Fairfax  Court-House.  The  nexl 
day  it  was  marched  to  Manassas  and  then  returned  i<> 
Centreville.  On  the  13th  three  squadrons  (A,  B,  E,  F,  G, 
andK),  under  the  command  of  Captain  Whiting,  accom- 
panied General  Stoneman  on  a  reconnaissance  in  force 
along  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railway  towards  War- 
renton,  and  the  next  day  they  had  a  skirmish  at  Cedar 


106  THE   NARRATIVE. 

Run,  where  Lieutenants  Custer  and  Mcintosh,  who  com- 
manded the  advance  squadrons,  charged  the  enemy's 
pickets  and  drove  them  across  the  stream. 

The  retreat  of  the  enemy  from  Manassas  to  Gordonsville 
behind  the  Rappahannock  and  Rapidan  compelled  Gen- 
eral McClellan  to  transfer  the  army  to  the  Peninsula  for 
a  new  base,  taking  the  line  of  Yorktown  and  West  Point 
upon  Richmond  as  the  line  of  operations,  the  Confeder- 
ate capital  being  the  objective  iDoint. 

On  the  13th  of  March  the  regimental  headquarters,  with 
two  squadrons  (C,  D,  H,  and  I),  set  out  from  Centreville 
for  Alexandria,  where  they  arrived  two  days  later,  and  the 
other  squadrons  joined  them  on  the  18th.  The  regiment 
embarked  on  the  27th  for  Fortress  Monroe,  and  marched 
thence  to  Warwick  Court-House,  where  it  arrived  on 
the  5th  of  April  and  was  attached  to  the  Fourth  Army 
Corps.  A  squadron  (D  and  H)  was  soon  thereafter  sent  to 
General  Smith's  division,  and  Comx3any  G  was  detailed  for 
escort  duty  at  General  Sumner's  headquarters. 

The  regiment  was  employed  during  the  siege  of  York- 
town  on  picket  and  reconnaissance  duty,  Captain  Cham- 
bliss  having  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  at  Lee's  Mills 
and  Warwick  Creek.  After  the  evacuation  of  Yorktown 
the  regiment  was  united  and  sent  in  pursuit  of  the  retreat- 
ing enemy  to  Williamsburg,  and  was  engaged  in  almost 
daily  skirmishes  during  the  advance  to  the  Chickahominy, 
where  it  was  again  employed  on  picket  and  reconnaissance 
duty  until  the  27th  of  May,  when  it  participated  in  the 
battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  where  Lieutenant  Arnold 
(with  his  squadron)  commanded  the  advance  and  opened 
the  engagement,  which  resulted  in  a  National  victory.  The 
regiment  captured  one  hundred  and  ninety  prisoners  (Cap- 
tain Harrison  with  his  company  captured  two  companies 
of  infantry  with  their  arms  and  equipments),  and  received 
the  thanks  of  the  commanding  general  for  conspicuous 
gallantry. 

Lieutenant  Custer,  with  Compairv  G,  participated  in  a 


THE    NARRATIVE.  107 

brilliant  skirmish  at  New  Bridge,  near  Cold  Barbor,  on 
the  24th  of  .May.  On  the  28th  the  regiment  made  a  re- 
connaissance towards  Ashland  and  drove  in  the  enemy's 
pickets,  and  on  the  29th  Captain  Chambliss  and  Lieuten- 

ant  Arnold,  with  two  squadrons  (1),  H,  I,  and  K.),  were 
ordered  to  make  a  reconnaissance  from  Hanover  Court- 
House  towards  Ashland,  where  a  considerable  Eorce  of  the 
enemy  had  assembled.  They  charged  throngh  the  town. 
dispersed  the  enemy,  captured  some  prisoners,  destroyed 
the  telegraph  line,  a  railway  bridge  across  Stony  Creek, 
and  a  large  quantity  of  supplies. 

Captain  Royall,  with  two  squadrons  (B,  C,  F,  and  H), 
was  dispatched  on  the  1st  of  June  to  the  vicinity  of  Old 
Church,  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army,  to  watch  any 
movements  that  the  enemy  might  make  in  the  direction  of 
Hanover  Court-House.  On  the  13th  Lieutenant  Leib,  who 
was  making  a  reconnaissance  towards  the  Court-House, 
discovered  the  enemy's  cavalry  and  dispatched  a  courier 
with  the  information  to  Captain  Royall,  who  moved  out 
with  his  available  force,  and  when  their  advance-guard 
appeared  he  charged  and  drove  them  back  on  the  main 
body  ;  but  the  enemy,  about  fifteen  hundred  strong,  soon 
overwhelmed  his  command.  He  fought,  however,  with  the 
utmost  gallantry,  and  succeeded  in  cutting  his  way  throngh 
their  lines,  having  received  six-  sabre  wounds  in  hand-to- 
hand  conflicts.  The  enemy  captured  and  destroyed  his 
camp  and  some  stores  at  Garlick's  Station,  and,  although 
vigorously  pursued,  succeeded  in  making  the  circuit  of  the 
army,  and  recrossed  the  Chickahominy  at  Long  Bridge. 
Lieutenant  McLean  was  severely  wounded  and  captured, 
four  men  were  killed  and  thirty-five  were  captured.  The 
loss  of  the  enemy  was  not  ascertained. 

Captain  Harrison,  with  companies  B,  C,  E,  G,  and  K, 
joined  General  Stoneman  on  the  26th  of  June  for  the  pur- 
pose of  operating  in  the  vicinity  of  the  White  House.  At 
this  time  General  McClellan  had  decided  to  make  an  im- 
mediate change  of  base   across  the  Peninsula   to   James 


108  THE   NARRATIVE. 

River,  which  manoeuvre — a  flank  march  in  the  presence  of 
the  enemy — resulted  in  the  celebrated  seven  days1  battles. 
The  enemy,  having  crossed  the  Tolopatomoy  in  strong- 
force  on  the  27th,  succeeded  in  cutting  off  General  Stone- 
man's  command  from  the  main  army.  He  then  retired 
to  the  White  House,  and  thence  to  Yorktown  when  the 
White  House  was  abandoned,  and  the  companies  rejoined 
the  regiment  at  Harrison's  Landing  on  the  7th  of  July. 

A  detachment  of  Company  E,  under  the  command  of 
Sergeant  James  Hastings,  while  engaged  in  blockading 
the  cross-roads  near  Polgreen's  Church,  was  attacked  by 
General  Jackson's  advance  and  had  one  man  mortally 
wounded. 

The  regimental  headquarters,  with  companies  A,  D,  F, 
H,  and  I,  and  small  detachments  of  the  other  companies, 
under  the  command  of  Captain  Whiting,  were  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill  on  the  27th  of  June,  and  while 
making  a  charge  against  General  Hood's  division  Lieu- 
tenant Sweet  was  killed,  Captain  Chambliss  (severely) 
and  Lieutenants  Arnold  (horse  killed  under  him),  Wat- 
kins,  and  Maley  were  wounded,  and  Captain  Whiting  was 
captured  after  his  horse  had  been  killed  under  him.  The 
casualties  among  the  enlisted  men  aggregated  forty-nine 
killed,  wounded,  and  missing.  Twenty-four  horses  .were 
killed.  Captain  McArthur  was  the  only  officer  who 
escaped  unhurt. 

This  famous  charge,  concerning  which  there  have  been 
so  many  discussions  and  so  much  misrepresentation,  was 
made  by  seven  officers  and  two  hundred  and  thirty  men 
of  the  regiment  under  the  following  circumstances  :  To- 
wards the  end  of  the  battle  General  Hood's  division  was 
seen  moving  from  the  shelter  of  a  dense  woods  for  the 
purpose  of  charging  the  National  artillery,  which  had  been 
severely  punishing  the  enemy.  The  officer  in  command, 
having  no  infantry  support,  was  retiring  from  the  field,  in 
order  to  prevent  the  capture  of  his  guns,  when  General 
Cooke  sent  him  a  cavalry  support,  and  ordered  him  to 


THE    NAIM'ATIY!..  109 

unlimber  and  go  into  action  again.  The  officer  cheerfully 
returned  and  opened  a  canister  fire  upon  the  rapidly  ad- 
vancing enemy.  At  this  moment  Captain  Whiting  under- 
stood that  he  was  ordered  to  charge  the  enemy,  which  he 
did,  but 'after  riding  over  their  first  line  he  was  halted  by 
the  dense  woods  from  which  they  had  just  emerged.  The 
audacity  of  the  charge,  together  with  the  rapid  firing  of 
canister  at  a  short  range,  impressed  the  enemy  with  the 
belief  that  fresh  reserves  had  arrived  on  the  field,  and  un- 
doubtedly saved  that  part  of  the  National  army  which  was 
on  the  north  side  of  the  Chickakominy.  General  McClel- 
lan,  in  his  telegram  of  the  28th  of  June  to  the  Secretary  of 
War,  said  :  "  My  regulars  were  superb,  and  I  count  upon 
what  are  left  to  turn  another  battle  in  company  with  their 
gallant  comrades  of  the  volunteers."  The  regimental 
headquarters,  with  the  same  companies  and  detachments, 
.  participated  in  the  battle  of  Savage  Station  on  the  29th, 
and  were  present  in  reserve  at  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill. 

Upon  the  arrival  of  the  army  at  Harrison's  Landing  on 
the  2d  of  July  the  regiment  was  attached  to  the  First  Cav- 
alry Brigade,  commanded  by  General  Averill,  and  was 
employed  until  the  15th  of  August  on  picket  and  recon- 
naissance duty.  Captain  Harrison,  with  a  squadron  (B 
and  C)  and  small  detachments  of  other  companies,  had 
a  skirmish  on  the  16th  of  July  with  a  squadron  of  the 
enemy's  cavalry  near  St.  Mary's  Church,  and  drove  them 
two  miles,  killing  three  and  wounding  others. 

On  the  night  of  the  1st  of  August  the  enemy  placed  a 
battery  in  position  at  Coggins'  Point,  on  the  south  bank 
of  the  James  River,  and  about  midnight  opened  a  lively 
cannonade  upon  the  troops  and  transports  lying  upon 
and  near  the  north  bank  of  the  river.  The  camp  of 
the  regiment,  which  was  almost  opposite  the  enemy's 
battery,  was  subjected  to  a  hot  fire  for  half  an  hour, 
during  which  time  some  amusing  incidents  occurred. 
Many  of  the  men  sought  protection  behind  a  pile  of 
forage  on    the    bluff    of    the    river,    and    some    officers 


110  THE   NARRATIVE. 

who  fell  into  the  drainage  ways  of  the  camp  had  their 
clothing  badly  soiled,  and  several  baskets  of  champagne 
were  required  to  settle  the  matter.  This  affair  resulted  in 
sending  General  Averill  on  the  morning  of  the  8d  with  a 
force  of  cavalry,  which  included  two  squadrons  (D,  E,  G, 
and  I),  under  the  command  of  Captain  Owens,  to  examine 
the  country  on  the  south  bank  of  the  James  River,  and 
also  to  attack  a  regiment  of  Confederate  cavalry  which 
was  at  Sycamore  Church.  After  crossing  the  river  Lieu- 
tenant Mcintosh,  who  commanded  the  advance-guard,  en- 
countered the  enemy's  pickets,  which  he  forced  back  until 
they  were  reinforced  with  a  squadron  of  eighty  men.  He 
impetuously  charged  across  a  small  stream  against  the 
enemy,  who  retreated  before  the  audacity  of  his  attack. 
He  pursued  them  nearly  two  miles,  ugh  ting  with  the  sabre, 
when,  having  no  support,  he  abandoned  the  pursuit  and 
rode  back  until  he  met  the  command  at  the  stream  where 
he  first  encountered  the  enemy's  pickets.  The  entire  force 
then  pressed  forward  and  engaged  the  enemy,  who,  after 
a  sharp  skirmish,  retreated  in  great  disorder  and  aban- 
doned their  camp,  which  was  destroyed. 

On  the  4th  of  August  the  regimental  headquarters  and 
companies  A,  C,  D,  G,  and  I,  under  the  command  of  Cap- 
tain McArthur,  accompanied  General  Averill  on  another 
reconnaissance  in  the  direction  of  Savage  Station.  They 
encountered  the  Eighteenth  Virginia  Cavalry  on  the  5th 
inst.  near  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  drove  them  some  miles 
towards  Richmond,  killing  and  wounding  several,  capturing 
twenty-eight  men  and  a  number  of  horses. 

The  regiment  served  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Penin- 
sula from  the  loth  to  the  20th  of  August,  when  it  arrived 
at  Williamsburg  and  encamped  for  a  few  days.  It  was 
then  moved,  by  the  way  of  Yorktown  and  Fortress  Mon- 
roe, to  Washington,  where  it  arrived  on  the  8th  of  Septem- 
ber and  immediately  rejoined  the  army  and  participated 
in  tlni  Maryland  campaign,  and  was  engaged  at  the  battles 


THE   NARRATIVE.  Ill 

of  South  Mountain  (in  reserve)  and  Antietam,  where  it 
was  posted  beyond  the  centre  bridge  and  on  the  direct 
road  to  Sharpsbiirg,  and  was  employed  in  supporting  lighl 
batteries  ;  and  on  the  19th  it  participated  in  the  pursuit  to 
the  Potomac,  opposite  Shepherdstown,  where  it  was  en- 
gaged in  a  lively  skirmish  with  the  enemy.  On  the  26th 
the  regiment,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Harrison, 
made  a  reconnaissance  to  Halltown  and  drove  the  enemy's 
pickets  within  a  mile  of  Charlestown,  Va.;  and  on  the  29th 
Captain  Owens,  with  companies  E,  G,  and  K,  made  a  recon- 
naissance in  the  same  direction  with  a  similar  result. 

After  a  series  of  almost  daily  marches  and  manoeuvres 
in  Maryland,  the  regiment  crossed  the  Potomac  on  the  1st 
of  November  and  participated  in  the  twelve  days*  cavalry 
fighting  during  the  advance  of  the  army  into  Virginia,  and 
was  engaged,  as  a  whole  or  in  part,  in  the  skirmish  near 
Union  ;  the  action  near  Piedmont ;  the  skirmish  at  Upper- 
ville  ;  the  action  at  Markham's  Station  ;  the  skirmishes  at 
Manassas  Gap,  Snicker's  Gap,  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  and 
Little  Washington  (a  sabre  charge,  in  which  Lieutenant 
Ash  was  severely  wounded) ;  the  actions  at  Amissville  and 
Hazel  Run  ;  the  affair  south  of  Warren  ton,  and  the  skir- 
mish near  Rappahannock  Bridge. 

The  regiment,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Owens, 
was  posted  on  the  picket  line  on  the  right  flank  of  the 
National  army  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  This 
battle  closed  the  campaign  of  1862  in  Virginia,  and  the 
regiment  was  sent  to  Falmouth,  Va.,  for  winter  quarters. 
Lieutenant  Walker,  with  Company  C,  had  a  skirmish  with 
the  enemy  near  that  place  on  the  25th  of  December,  and 
on  the  BOth  the  regiment  (except  Company  H),  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Harrison,  started  on  an  extended 
reconnaissance  which  continued  for  several  days. 

An  act  of  Congress  approved  July  17,  1862,  authorized 
three  majors  and  added  two  companies  to  each  of  the  old 
cavalry  regiments.  The  Sixth  Cavalry  was  organized  with 
three  majors  and  twelve  companies. 


112  THE    NARRATIVE. 

Company  L  was  not  fully  organized  until  October  27, 
IS60,  but  the  company  had  a  paper  existence  on  the  regi- 
mental returns  and  officers  were  assigned  to  it.  Company 
M  was  fully  organized  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  February  23, 
1863,  and,  after  a  brief  tour  of  duty  at  Washington,  joined 
the  regiment  in  the  field  on  the  17th  of  May,  1863. 


CHAPTER  X. 

Reorganization  of  the  Cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac — Operations  on 
the  Rappahannock — Stoneman's  Raid  towards  Richmond — Battle  of  Bev- 
erly Ford — Actions  at  Aldie,  Middletown,  and  Upperville — The  Pennsyl- 
vania Campaign  and  Operations  in  Central  Virginia. 

In  January,  1863,  General  Hooker  reorganized  the  cav- 
alry of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  into  three  divisions 
and.  then  assigned  General  Stoneman  to  the  command  of 
the  corps.  Heretofore  the  cavalry  had  been  employed  on 
escort,  picket,  and  reconnaissance  duties,  and  the  regiments 
were  seldom  conspicuously  engaged  in  battle,  although  they 
were  always  on  the  field.  The  wise  policy  of  employing 
the  cavalry  for  offensive  operations  was  soon  followed  by 
brilliant   successes. 

In  July,  1863,  a  cavalry  bureau  was  organized  in  the 
War  Department,  and  in  November  there  were  twenty-six 
effective  regiments  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and.  more 
than  two  hundred  regiments  in  the  armies  of  the  United 
States. 

The  regiment  served  with  the  regular  cavalry  brigade  at 
Falmouth  during  the  winter  of  1862-63,  and  was  actively 
employed  near  Potomac  Creek  (A,  C,  I,  and  K  with  Gen- 
eral AverilPs  brigade)  and  on  the  Rappahannock  River. 

About  the  10th  of  January  a  force  of  fifteen  hundred 
cavalry,  which  included  two  squadrons  (A,  C,  I,  and  K) 
of  the  regiment,  set  out  from  Falmouth,  under  the  com- 
mand of  General  Averill,  to  penetrate  the  enemy's  lines 
for  the  purpose  of  concealing,  if  possible,  the  movements 
of  a  stronger  cavalry  force  on  the  Upper  Rappahannock 
and  to  divert  attention  from  General  Hooker's  intended 
plan  of  attack,  which  was  to  cross  the  river  at  Siddon's, 
about  six  miles  below  Fredericksburg,  and  turn  General 
Lee's  right  flank,  and,  having  forced  it  behind  the  Rich- 
8 


114  THE  NARRATIVE. 

mond  and  Fredericksburg  Railway,  to  cut  his  communica- 
tions and  then  defeat  him  in  battle  or  force  his  retreat 
towards  Gordons ville,  which  would  uncover  Richmond. 
The  command  had  crossed  the  country  to  a  place  some 
distance  below  Warrenton  when  it  was  recalled  by  order 
of  the  President,  who  did  not  approve  the  plan  of  attack. 
The  cavalry  were  then  dispatched  to  intercept  the  enemy, 
who  were  making  a  raid,  under  General  Stuart,  in  the  rear 
of  the  National  army. 

On  the  16th  of  March  a  cavalry  force  under  the  com- 
mand of  General  Averill  moved  up  the  Rappahannock  to 
the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railway  for  the  purpose  of 
crossing  the  river  at  Kelly's  Ford  and  marching  in  the 
direction  of  Culpepper,  where  a  strong  force  of  the  enemy's 
cavalry  were  assembled  under  the  command  of  General 
Fitzhugh  Lee.  The  column  arrived  at  the  ford  on  the 
morning  of  the  17th,  and,  after  a  sharp  skirmish,  over- 
whelmed the  enemy's  pickets,  effected  a  crossing,  and 
then  moved  in  the  direction  of  Culpepper  Court-House, 
and  about  one  mile  from  the  ford  a  stubborn  and  desper- 
ate combat  ensued,  and  during  a  struggle  of  four  hours' 
duration  the  enemy  were  driven  back  about  six  miles. 
General  Averill,  finding  that  his  ammunition  was  about 
exhausted,  then  withdrew  his  troops  and  recrossed  the 
ford  at  dark,  the  enemy  following  him  with  some  slight 
demonstrations. 

This  was  the  first  cavalry  engagement  of  the  war  in 
which  a  division  was  engaged  on  each  side.  The  National 
forces  consisted  of  seven  volunteer  regiments,  the  Sixth 
New  York  battery,  and  detachments  from  the  regular 
cavalry  which  included  three  squadrons  (C,  E,  G,  H,  I, 
and  K)  of  the  regiment  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant 
Leib.  The  enemy's  forces  consisted  of  five  regiments  of 
cavalry  and  a  battery. 

At  the  second  attempt  of  the  enemy  to  rally,  the  regi- 
ment seized  the  opportunity  and  made  a  brilliant  charge 
which  forced  them  into  a  rapid  retreat    and  won    the 


THE   NARRATIVE.  115 

commendation  of  General  Averill.  The  National  loss  was 
eighty-four  killed,  wounded,  and  missing.  The  enemy's 
loss  was  one  hundred  and  thirty- three.  A  large  number 
of  horses  were  killed  and  wounded  on  each  side. 

General  Stoneman  was  ordered  to  march  on  the  13th  of 
April  with  all  his  available  forces,  except  one  brigade,  for 
the  purpose  of  turning  the  enemy's  position  on  his  left, 
and  placing  his  corps  between  General  Lee  and  Rich- 
mond and  inflicting  upon  him  every  possible  injury  that 
would  tend  to  his  discomfiture  and  defeat. 

The  Fifth  Cavalry,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Har- 
rison, participated  in  this  movement,  which  is  known  as 
"  Stoneman' s  raid  towards  Richmond."  The  regiment 
operated  with  the  command  along  the  Rappahannock 
(Company  B  having,  with  other  troops,  a  skirmish  with  the 
enemy  at  Kelly's  Ford  on  the  14th  of  April)  until  the 
28th,  when  it  left  Warrenton  Junction  and  encamped  near 
Bealton  Station,  and  on  the  29th  crossed  the  river  at  Kelly's 
Ford  and  marched  beyond  Mountain  Run,  where  the  com- 
mand halted,  while  Captain  Drummond,  with  two  squad- 
rons (A,  B,  F,  and  I),  was  dispatched  to  Brandy  Station 
to  communicate  with  General  Averill,  Captain  Drum- 
mond had  a  sharp  skirmish  with  the  enemy  while  en 
route  to  the  Station,  and  rejoined  the  column  about  noon, 
when  the  march  was  resumed  and  continued  to  a  cross- 
roads, where  the  men  stood  to  horse  all  night. 

General  AverilFs  division  was  instructed  to  operate 
along  the  Orange  Railway  towards  Gordonsville  for  the 
purpose  of  masking  the  movements  of  the  stronger  force 
under  General  Stoneman. 

On  the  morning  of  the  30th  two  squadrons  of  the  regi- 
ment marched  in  advance  to  Mitchell's  Crossing  of  the 
Rapidan,  where  the  leading  squadron  (E,  K),  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  Mason,  crossed  the  river,  and, 
while  making  a  daring  reconnaissance  in  the  direction  of 
Raccoon  Ford,  encountered  the  enemy  and  captured  nearly 
all  the  men  of  a  battery,  and  but  for  the  appearance  of  the 


116  THE  NARRATIVE. 

Thirteenth  Virginia  Cavalry  would  have  taken  the  guns. 
Lieutenant  Mason  held  his  position,  however,  until  the 
main  command  had  crossed  the  river,  when  the  enemy 
retired.  The  raiders  then  marched  up  the  south  side  to 
Raccoon  Ford,  five  miles  above  Mitchell's  Crossing,  where 
they  bivouacked  until  three  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  1st  of  May. 

The  march  was  continued  on  the  2d  to  Louisa  Court- 
House,  and  thence  to  Yanceyville,  where  the  regiment  was 
detached  to  examine  the  country  on  the  left  of  the  road 
and  along  the  South  Anna  River,  and  after  capturing 
.a  train  of  fifteen  wagons,  seventy-five  horses  and  mules, 
some  prisoners,  and  a  supply  of  forage,  it  rejoined  the  bri- 
gade at  Thompson's  Cross-Roads  on  the  3d.  At  this  place 
General  Stoneman  dispatched  expeditions  in  every  direc- 
tion, with  instructions  to  cut  the  enemy's  lines  of  com- 
munication and  inflict  upon  them  all  the  damage  possible. 

At  three  o'clock  p.m.  of  the  3d  Captain  Drummond,  with 
two  hundred  men  of  the  regiment,  set  out  to  examine 
the  fords  above  Allen  Creek,  burn  the  bridge  across  the 
-South  Anna  on  the  road  leading  to  Goochland  Court- 
House,  and,  if  possible,  capture  the  town.  His  command 
skirmished  with  the  enemy  at  South  Anna  Bridge  and 
Shannon  Hill,  and  otherwise  accomplished  its  mission 
to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  general  commanding,  and 
rejoined  the  regiment  on  the  6th.  About  five  o'clock  p.m. 
of  the  3d  Lieutenant  Mason,  with  his  squadron  (E,  K),  set 
out  for  Yanceyville  to  destroy  the  bridge  at  that  place  ; 
.and  about  half -past  ten  o'clock  p.m.  Captain  Harrison  and 
one  hundred  and  nineteen  officers  and  men  were  instruct- 
ed to  proceed  towards  Shannon  Hill  and  examine  the 
country  about  Gordonsville  and  Columbia.  He  arrived 
at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads  at  half-past  two  o'clock  a.m.  of 
the  4th  and  established  pickets  on  the  roads,  which  had 
scarcely  been  accomplished  when  the  pickets  on  the  road 
in  his  rear,  which  led  to  Richmond,  became  engaged  with 
the  enemy's  advance-guard.  He  sent  Lieutenant  Hastings 
to  their  assistance,  dispatched  Captain  Owens  to  ascertain 


THE  NAKKAT1VE.  117 

the  strength  of  the  enemy,  and  recalled  the  pickets  from 
the  road  in  his  front. 

Lieutenant  Hastings,  with  fourteen  men,  charged  the 
enemy's  advance-guard  and  forced  them  back  on  the  main 
body,  which  was  rapidly  advancing  in  a  double  column  of 
fours.  Captain  Harrison  at  once  decided  to  charge  with 
the  hope  of  checking  the  enemy  long  enough  to  hold  the 
cross-roads  until  he  could  withdraw  his  flanking  pickets, 
and  then  by  a  rapid  retreat  prevent  the  capture  of  his 
command.  When  the  enemy  saw  his  small  force  so  boldly 
displayed  they  hesitated,  not  knowing  what  force  might 
be  held  in  reserve,  and  at  this  instant  of  time  Captain  Har 
rison  began  his  charge.  When  the  enemy  discovered  that 
Captain  Harrison  had  no  reserve  they  also  charged,  and 
the  combatants  met  on  an  open  plain,  near  the  edge  of 
a  wood,  in  a  shock  in  which  the  foremost  horses  were 
knocked  down  like  ten-pins  in  a  bowling-alley.  It  was 
then  ascertained  that  the  detachment  had  charged  a  regi- 
ment of  Virginia  cavalry.  Captain  Owens,  Lieutenant 
Buford,  and  thirty  men  were  captured,  four  men  were 
wounded,  and  seventeen  horses  were  killed  in  the  charge, 
the  impetuosity  of  which  demoralized  the  enemy  for 
some  time.  Captain  Harrison,  taking  advantage  of  the 
confusion  into  which  he  had  thrown  the  head  of  their 
column,  returned  to  the  cross-roads,  where  his  flanking 
pickets  rejoined  him.  He  then  retreated  to  Yanceyville, 
where  he  found  Lieutenant  Mason,  and  made  arrangements 
to  hold  the  bridge  at  that  place. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  5th  the  regiment  set  out  from 
Yanceyville,  and  marched  until  the  Rapidan  was  crossed 
at  Raccoon  Ford  about  midnight  of  the  6th,  where  the  bri- 
gade bivouacked  until  the  next  morning,  when  the  march 
was  resumed  for  Kelly's  Ford,  which  was  reached  at  nine 
o'clock  p.m.  The  regiment  was  then  assigned  to  picket 
duty  on  the  Charlottesville  Road  until  the  morning  of  the 
8th,  when  it  recrossed  the  river  and  encamped  near  Rap- 
pahannock Station. 


118  THE   NARRATIVE. 

The  raid,  although  vigorously  conducted,  did  not  inflict 
any  lasting  injury  upon  the  enemy,  as  the  railways,  canals, 
and  other  lines  of  communication  were  soon  repaired. 
But  the  moral  effect  was  wonderful.  General  Stoneman 
marched  within  the  enemy's  lines  for  nine  days  with  a 
force  of  about  five  thousand  men,  and  disabled  every  line 
of  communication  between  General  Lee's  army  and  Rich- 
mond ;  while  the  audacity  of  the  National  cavalry,  which 
had  advanced  (under  General  Kilpatrick)  within  two  miles 
of  Richmond,  had  created  a  widespread  consternation,  and 
to  this  extent  the  raid  was  a  brilliant  success. 

During  the  progress  of  these  events  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  crossed  the  Rappahannock,  and,  after  flanking 
the  enemy  out  of  his  fortified  position  at  Fredericksburg, 
suffered  a  repulse  and  was  compelled  to  return  to  the 
north  side  of  the  river,  which  encouraged  the  enemy  to 
plan,  and  finally  carry  into  execution,  the  invasion  of 
Pennsylvania. 

The  cavalry  corps  of  the  army  with  a  brigade  of  in- 
fantry, the  whole  force  under  the  command  of  General 
Pleasonton,  crossed  the  Rappahannock  between  Beverly 
Ford  and  Culpepper  at  daybreak  of  the  9th  of  June,  and 
engaged  the  enemy  in  a  fiercely-contested  battle,  which 
continued  during  the  entire  day.  The  regiment,  reduced 
to  three  squadrons,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Har- 
rison, was  under  fire  until  half-past  six  o'clock  p.m.,  and 
suffered  a  loss  of  thirty-nine  officers  and  men  killed, 
wounded,  and  missing,  and  sixty-two  horses  killed. 

Th<-  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  was  the  first  occasion  where 
the  cavalry  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  as  a  body, 
met  the  cavalry  corps  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia, 
which  was  then  at  the  height  of  its  fame.  About  twenty 
thousand  men  were  engaged,  and  both  sides  were  distin- 
guished for  superb  fighting  and  conspicuous  gallantry. 

General  Pleasonton's  success  furnished  information  con- 
cerning the  movements  of  the  enemy  which  caused  General 
Hooker  to  withdraw  his  army  from  the  front  of  Fredericks- 


THE   NARRATIVE.  119 

bur^  and  keep  pace  with  General  Lee,  who  was  marching 
to  invade  Maryland  and  Pennsylvania,  while  the  imme- 
diate results  were  to  ruin  the  plans  of  General  Stuart, 
which  were  constantly  checked,  as  the  cavalry  combats 
at  Aldie,  Middletown,  Upperville,  and  other  places  during 
June  abundantly  attest. 

The  cavalry  corps  had  now  acquired  a  character  in  both 
armies  before  unknown  to  that  branch  of  the  service,  and 
their  value  for  offensive  operations  was  fully  recognized. 

The  regiment,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Mason, 
and  still,  serving  with  the  regular  brigade  in  the  First 
Cavalry  Division,  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  cam- 
paign and  in  the  operations  in  Central  Virginia,  and  was 
engaged  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  where  it  was  employed 
with  the  division  on  the  left  flank,  and  assisted  in  frus- 
trating a  dangerous  turning  movement  of  the  enemy ;  in 
the  subsequent  pursuit  to  Warrenton,  and  in  the  actions  at 
Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters, 
where  the  regular  brigade  made  the  final  charge  on  the 
rear-guard  of  the  retreating  enemy.  It  crossed  the  Poto- 
mac on  the  18th  of  July,  and  was  engaged,  as  a  whole  or 
in  part,  in  the  engagement  at  Manassas  Gap,  the  skir- 
mish near  Front  Royal,  and  in  the  battles  and  actions 
about  Brandy  Station.  The  regiment  then  turned  in 
the  horses  and  proceeded  to  Washington,  where  the  men 
were  remounted  and  equipped,  and,  returning  to  the 
field,  engaged  (with  the  brigade)  the  enemy  on  the 
11th  of  October  at  Morton's  Ford,  for  the  purpose  of 
creating  a  diversion  to  conceal  the  departure  of  General 
Kilpatrick  on  a  raid  towards  Richmond,  the  enemy  hav- 
ing retired  to  the  Rapidan.  The  regiment  then  rejoined 
the  army  at  Centreville,  and,  under  the  command  of  Cap- 
tain Arnold,  participated  in  the  engagement  at  Bristoe 
Station  (where  Lieutenant  Ash  made  a  daring  individual 
reconnaissance  within  the  enemy's  lines),  Kettle  Run,  and 
in  the  Mine  Run  operations,  during  which  it  guarded  sup- 
ply-trains and  performed  picket  duty  near  Ely's  Ford. 


120  THE  NARRATIVE. 

On  the  9th  of  October  Company  D,  under  the  command 
of  Lieutenant  Dickerson,  was  dispatched  to  Point  Lookout, 
Md.,  to  capture  blockade-runners,  guard  prisoners  of  war, 
and  perform  picket  duty  on  the  outside  lines. 

The  efforts  of  the  enemy  successfully  to  invade  the 
Northern  States  had  utterly  failed.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  National  troops  had  regained  the  control  of  Kentucky 
and  Tennessee,  together  with  parts  of  Alabama  and  Mis- 
sissippi, and  the  greater  part  of  Arkansas  and  Louisiana, 
and  had  restored  the  free  navigation  of  the  Mississippi 
River, 


CHAPTER   XL 

Operations  near  Point  Lookout,  Md. — The  Reconnaissance  to  Barnett's  Ford — 
The  Cavalry  Raid  to  Charlottesville— The  Campaign  in  the  Wilderness  and 
Sheridan's  Raid  towards  Richmond— The  Campaign  in  the  Valley  of  the 
Shenandoah— Sheridan's  last  Raid  and  the  Richmond  Campaign  of  1805 — 
The  Surrender  at  Appomattox  Court-House. 

The  regiment  encamped  near  Mitchell's  Station,  on  the 
Orange  and  Alexandria  Railway,  during  the  winter  of 
1863-64. 

Company  D  was  employed,  under  the  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant Dickerson,  at  Leonardtown  and  Point  Lookout, 
Md.,  in  making  reconnaissances  through  the  country  bor- 
dering on  the  Chesapeake  Bay  and  the  Potomac  River. 
On  the  13th  of  January,  1864,  it  embarked  at  Point  Look- 
out for  Virginia  and  participated  in  General  Marston's 
raid  through  the  counties  of  Northumberland,  Richland, 
and  Lancaster,  and  destroyed  a  quantity  of  supplies  and 
captured  a  number  of  horses,  mules,  and  cattle  ;  and  on 
the  13th  of  April  the  company  and  a  part  of  Company  A, 
with  other  troops,  under  the  command  of  General  Hinks, 
crossed  the  Potomac  and  landed  at  Ragged  Point,  Va., 
where,  after  some  skirmishing,  the  enemy  were  defeated, 
and  a  large  quantity  of  tobacco  and  several  buildings  oc- 
cupied for  storage  purposes  were  captured  and  destroyed. 
The  company  continued  to  serve  at  Leonardtown  and 
Point  Lookout  until  July,  1864,  when  it  rejoined  the  regi- 
ment in  time  to  participate  in  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom. 

The  regiment,  commanded  by  Captain  Mason,  marched 
with  the  regular  brigade  and  other  troops,  under  the  im- 
mediate command  of  General  Merritt,  from  the  camp  near 
Mitchell's  Station  on  the  6th  of  February,  1864,  for  the 
purpose  of  ascertaining  the  position  and  probable  strength 


122  THE  NARRATIVE. 

of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  was  engaged  with 
the  enemy  on  the  7th  at  Barnett's  Ford  ;  and  on  the  27th 
it  participated,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Arnold,  in 
General  Custer's  raid  towards  Charlottesville,  which  was 
made  for  the  purpose  of  creating  a  diversion  in  favor  of 
General  Kilpatrick,  who  was  returning  from  an  expedition 
towards  Richmond.  The  command  marched  from  Mitchell's 
Station  and  encamped  near  Culpepper  Court-House  during 
the  night  of  the  27th,  and  pushed  on  the  next  day  to  Madi- 
son Court-House,  where  it  bivouacked  until  three  o'clock 
a.m.  of  the  29th,  when  the  raiders,  with  the  regiment  lead- 
ing the  advance,  crossed  the  Rapidan  at  Banks'  Mill  Ford 
and  marched  in  the  direction  of  Charlottesville,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Virginia  Central  and  Orange  and  Alexandria 
Railways,  and  engaged  the  enemy  at  that  place,  driving 
in  the  pickets  and  creating  much  consternation  by  their 
unexpected  presence.  Captain  Ash  with  his  squadron 
charged  the  camp  of  the  enemy's  artillery,  and  captured 
and  destroyed  six  caissons,  harness,  forage-wagons,  and 
burned  the  camp  and  stables  in  the  presence  of  the 
enemy  and  under  a  fire  from  three  guns.  General  Custer 
then  retired  to  Stanardsville,  where  he  encamped  until 
the  morning  of  the  1st  of  March,  when  he  marched  in  the 
direction  of  Madison  Court-House,  having  first  engaged 
the  enemy  in  a  spirited  skirmish  in  which  the  regiment 
captured  twenty  prisoners.  The  command  was  skirmish- 
ing with  the  enemy  during  the  entire  day,  and  charges  and 
countercharges  were  hourly  occurrences.  Towards  even- 
ing the  command  had  an  exciting  episode  at  Morton's 
Ford,  where  General  Custer  made  a  demonstration  which 
caused  the  enemy  to  believe  that  he  intended  to  cross 
at  that  place.  He  continued  his  manoeuvres  until  the 
enemy  had  fully  prepared  to  resist  his  passage,  when  he 
suddenly  changed  direction  by  the  flank,  and,  before  the 
enemy  had  time  to  recover  from  the  surprise  occasioned 
by  his  sudden  change  of  front,  effected  a  crossing  at  Banks' 
Mill  Ford  and  rode  into  camp  at  Mitchell's  Station  about 


TIIE   NARRATIVE.  123 

ten  o'clock  p.m.  The  weather  was  intensely  cold  during 
the  entire  raid,  which,  considering  the  time  consumed  and 
the  number  of  men  engaged,  was  one  of  the  most  daring 
of  the  war  and  caused  the  enemy  to  believe  that  an  exten- 
sive movement  was  in  progress  against  their  left  flank. 

Companies  B,  F,  and  K,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Mason,  were  assigned  on  the  24th  of  March  to  duty  at 
General  Grant's  headquarters.  At  a  later  date  detach- 
ments of  companies  C  and  D  were  added  to  the  battalion, 
which  served  at  the  headquarters  of  the  army  until  the  end 
of  the  war,  and  participated  in  the  general  engagements  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  about  Richmond  and  Petersburg, 
and  in  the  closing  campaign  of  1865. 

The  regimental  headquarters  and  three  squadrons  (C,  E, 
G,  H,  I,  and  M),  under  the  command  of  Captain  Arnold, 
started  from  near  Culpepper,  Va.,  on  the  4th  of  May,  to 
participate  in  the  memorable  campaign  of  the  Wilderness 
(the  greater  parts  of  companies  A  and  D  were  at  Point 
Lookout,  Md.),  and  a  few  days  later  were  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  where  Captain  Ash  was  killed 
while  gallantly  endeavoring  to  rally  a  panic-stricken  regi- 
ment of  infantry. 

When  the  regiment  was  withdrawn  from  Spottsylvania 
it  accompanied  General  Sheridan  on  his  raid  towards  Rich- 
mond, and  was  engaged  at  Beaver  Dam,  Yellow  Tavern, 
Meadow  Bridge,  Mechanicsville,  and  in  other  combats  of 
less  importance.  The  regiment  was  cut  off  at  Beaver  Dam, 
and  attempted  by  a  gallant  charge  to  force  a  passage 
through  the  enemy's  lines ;  but,  failing  of  success,  it 
sought  the  shelter  of  a  wood  on  the  right,  and  finally 
succeeded  in  rejoining  the  main  body,  but  not  until  it  had 
lost  two  officers,  sixty-eight  men,  and  forty-three  horses. 

The  regiment  rejoined  the  army  at  Hanover  Court-House 
and  was  held  in  reserve  on  the  left  at  the  bat  tit1  of  Cold 
Harbor,  and  soon  thereafter  accompanied  General  Slini- 
dan  on  a  raid  towards  Gordonsville,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Trevillian  Station,  where  Lieutenant  Henley, 


124  THE   NARRATIVE. 

three  men,  and  twenty-three  horses  were  killed,  and  eight 
men  were  wounded  and  captured,  and  on  the  28th  of  July 
the  headquarters  and  four  squadrons  (companies  A  and  D 
having  rejoined),  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant  Maley, 
engaged  the  enemy  at  Deep  Bottom,  where  four  men  were 
killed  and  Lieutenants  Maley  and  Urban  and  nine  men 
were  wounded. 

The  regiment  was  then  transferred  to  the  Shenandoah 
Valley,  and  participated  in  General  Sheridan's  brilliant 
campaign  of  August-October,  1864,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  actions  and  skirmishes  near  Winchester,  Shepherds- 
town,  Front  Royal,  Kearneysville,  White  Post,  Smithfield, 
Berry  ville,  Milford,  and  Luray ;  the  cavalry  action  at 
Woodstock,  and  in  the  battles  of  Winchester  (where  four 
officers  and  twenty-two  men  were  killed,  wounded,  and 
captured  while  charging  the  enemy)  and  Cedar  Creek ; 
and  during  November  and  December  it  participated  in 
General  Merritt's  raid  into  Loudon  Valley  and  in  Gen- 
eral Torbett's  raid  towards  Gordonsville,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  affairs  at  Madison  Court-House,  Gordonsville,  and 
Paris. 

The  regiment  was  then  stationed  at  Camp  Russell,  near 
Winchester,  until  the  27th  of  February,  1865,  when  it 
marched  with  General  Sheridan's  twelve  thousand  un- 
rivaled sabres  on  his  last  raid  and  en  route  to  rejoin  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  After  driving  the  enemy  from  their 
position  near  the  bridge  over  Staunton  River  the  regiment 
passed  through  Staunton,  and  thence  to  Waynesboro, 
Charlottesville,  and  New  Market,  destroying  the  river 
embankments  and  canal-locks  from  Scottsville  to  Bent's 
Creek,  and  skirmished  with  the  enemy  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  river,  and  then  returned  to  New  Market  and 
continued  the  march  through  Scottsville  and  Columbus, 
crossed  the  South  Anna  bridge  on  the  12th  of  March,  par- 
ticipated in  the  destruction  of  the  railway  at  Poolesville, 
charged  the  enemy's  works  at  Taylors  ville  and  captured 
three  Parrott  guns,  a  large  number  of  small  arms,  and  a 


THE   NARRATIVE.  125 

quantity  of  ammunition.  The  regiment  then  marched  to 
Hanover  Court-House  and  White  House  Landing,  and 
crossed  the  Pamunkey  River  on  the  19th,  where  it  en- 
camped until  the  25th,  when  it  crossed  the  Chickahominy 
and  arrived  in  front  of  Petersburg  on  the  26th.  The 
next  day  the  cavalry  was  moved  to  Hancock's  Station, 
in  rear  of  the  extreme  left,  where  the  Second  Cavalry 
Division  joined,  and  on  the  29th  the  entire  corps  moved 
out  to  raid  in  General  Lee's  rear,  cut  the  Southside  Rail- 
way, and  then  effect  a  junction  with  General  Sherman  in 
the  Carolinas  ;  but  the  programme  was  suddenly  changed 
and  the  corps  was  ordered  to  attack  the  enemy's  right 
flank,  which  movement  brought  on  the  actions  near  Five 
Forks  (Captain  Leib  wounded)  and  Dinwiddie  Court- 
House  on  the  31st,  where  the  cavalry  held  in  check  two 
divisions  of  the  enemy,  and  the  battle  of  Five  Forks  on 
the  1st  of  April  (Captain  Drummond  killed). 

On  the  3d  of  April  the  cavalry  corps  began  to  raid  around 
the  enemy,  and  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  a  number  of 
skirmishes  until  the  9th  of  April,  1865,  when  it  had  the 
honor  to  witness  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  at  Appomattox  Court-House,  which  was  the 
beginning  of  the  end  of  the  rebellion  against  the  United 
States. 

The  regiment  was  soon  moved  to  Petersburg,  and  thence 
through  Richmond  to  Bladensburg,  at  which  place  the 
headquarters  and  companies  A,  E,  G,  H,  I,  and  M  were 
ordered  to  take  station  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  compa- 
nies B,  C,  D,  F,  and  K,  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Mason,  were  assigned  to  duty  at  the  headquarters  of  the 
army  at  Washington,  D.  C,  to  which  place  the  headquar- 
ters were  transferred  in  October,  1865,  and  about  the 
same  time  several  companies  were  ordered  to  the  Southern 
States  to  assist  the  civil  authorities  in  re-establishing  law 
and  order. 

No  such  conspiracy  as  the  rebellion  against  the  United 
States,  so  perfectly  organized  and  admirably  commanded, 


126  THE   NARRATIVE. 

ever  threatened  the  unity  of  any  nation.  The  National 
troops  were  surpassed  during  the  first  years  of  the  war  by 
the  enemy,  whose  fighting  qualities  were  superb  and  whose 
courage  was  magnificent ;  but  the  defeat  of  the  rebellion 
was  so  thoroughly  accomplished  that  it  is  not  probable 
any  like  insurrection  will  be  again  attempted  against  the 
government  of  the  United  States. 

Nearly  eighteen  years  ago  the  sword  was  sheathed  be- 
tween the  North  and  South.  The  dead  of  the  conflict  have 
sacred  sepulture,  and  stately  monuments  have  been  erected 
on  hillside  and  plain  where  battles  once  raged,  on  which 
are  inscribed  in  glowing  words  the  story  of  the  matchless 
heroism  of  American  soldiers.  Peace  has  spread  her  wings 
over  the  desolations  of  the  terrible  conflict,  and  Law  and 
Liberty  are  the  declared  attributes  of  constitutional  gov- 
ernment for  all  classes  within  the  United  States.  For  such 
a  nation  the  truth  of  history  is  the  grandest  monument. 


Xl.vi.'  i-EN  .\V.  I  I    E  M  ORT 


Fourth  Period— 18G6-1868, 


KECONSTKUCTION   DUTY   IN   THE   SOUTHERN   STATES. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

Distribution  of  Companies  to  Stations  in  the  Southern  States— Nature  of  the 
Services  performed— Guerrilla  Affairs  at  Hartsville  and  Black  Jack,  Tcnu. 

The  headquarters  of  the  regiment  were  stationed  at 
Washington,  D.  C,  from  October,  1865,  to  July,  1869, 
when  they  were  transferred  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb. 

Companies  A,  B,  F,  H,  I,  L,  and  M  were  employed 
from  October,  1865,  to  September,  1868,  and  companies 
C,  D,  E,  and  G  were  employed  from  October,  1865,  to 
March  and  April,  1869,  in  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  Georgia, 
Alabama,  Mississippi,  Virginia,  and  the  Carolinas,  under 
the  reconstruction  acts  of  Congress,  which  provided  for 
a  reorganization  of  the  governments  of  the  States  lately 
engaged  in  the  rebellion  against  the  United  States. 

The  companies  were  distributed  as  follows  : 

Companies  B,  D,  E,  and  M  were  withdrawn  from  Cum- 
berland, Md.,  and  Washington,  D.  C,  in  October,  1865, 
and  moved  by  rail  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  from  which  place 
they  were  afterwards  dispatched  into  Kentucky,  Alabama, 
and  Mississippi  as  their  services  were  required. 

Companies  A,  H,  I,  and  L  were  withdrawn  from  Cum- 
berland, Md.,  in  January,  1866,  and  moved  by  rail  to 
Baltimore,  and  thence  by  water  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  for 
service  in  the  Carolinas. 

Company  F  served  at  Washington,  D.  C,  until  April, 


128  THE  NARRATIVE. 

1866,  when  it    was  marched  to  New  Market,  Va.,  and 
thence  to  Winchester,  Va.,   where  it  served  until  May, 

1867,  when  it  was  transferred  to  Richmond,  Va. 
Companies  C  and  Gr  served  at  Washington,  D.  C,  un- 
til April,  1867,  when  they  Were  moved  by  rail  to  Atlanta, 
Ga. 

Company  K  continued  to  serve  with  the  headquarters  of 
the  army  until  March,  1870,  when  it  was  moved  by  rail 
and  water  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo. 

The  companies  stationed  in  the  Southern  States  during 
this  period  were  employed  in  carrying  into  effect  the  re- 
construction measures  of  Congress,  and  they  acted  in  con- 
cert with  the  civil  authorities  in  preserving  peace,  main- 
taining order,  and  capturing  outlaws  and  guerrillas.  The 
officers  and  men  were  unusually  active,  and  the  duties 
devolved  upon  them,  although  in  many  respects  foreign 
to  the  profession  of  arms,  were  met  and  discharged  in 
good  faith  and  with  such  a  spirit  as  to  win  the  hearty 
commendations  of  the  citizens,  who,  while  they  viewed 
with  disfavor  the  measures  devised  by  Congress  for  the 
reorganization  of  the  governments  of  the  States  lately  in 
rebellion,  gave  the  army  full  credit  for  the  humane  con- 
duct and  thoughtful  consideration  which  characterized  its 
administration  of  the  law. 

Lieutenant  Price,  with  Company  B,  was  attacked  by  a 
band  of  guerrillas  at  Hartsville,  Tenn.,  during  the  night 
of  October  17,  1866.  The  outlaws  were  repulsed  and  dis- 
persed with  a  loss  of  several  killed  and  wounded. 

Captain  Leib  with  his  command  surprised  and  captured 
a  band  of  guerrillas  at  Black  Jack,  Tenn.,  November  18, 
1866. 

These  were  the  only  conflicts  during  the  reconstruction 
service  between  the  regiment  and  the  lawless  element 
which  at  that  time  infested  the  Southern  States. 

The  men  who  had  fought  in  the  Confederate  armies,  with 
rare  exceptions,  zealously  supported  the  army  in  its  efforts 
to  maintain  order  and  enforce  the  laws.     Nevertheless  the 


THE   NARRATIVE.  129 

rank  and  file  of  the  regiment  were  well  pleased  when 
seven  companies  were  ordered,  in  September,  1868,  to  the 
western  frontier  of  Kansas  for  service  against  the  hostile 
Indians  of  the  Plains. 

In  March  and  April,  1869,  the  companies  remaining  in 
the  Southern  States  (C  and  Gr  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  D  and 
E  at  Jackson,  Miss.)  were  transferred  to  Fort  McPherson, 
Neb.,  where  they  arrived  in  May  and  Jane. 


Fifth  Period— 18G8-1871. 


SERVICE   ON   THE   PLAINS   FROM   THE   CANADIAN    RIVER,    IN 
TEXAS,    TO   THE   NIOBRARA    RIVER,    IN   NEBRASKA. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

Concentration  of  Companies  at  Fort  Barker,  Kan.,  and  the  Reconnaissance 
to  the  Republican  River— Affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek— Pursuit  of  the 
Sioux  and  Cheyennes,  and  Engagements  at  Shuter  Creek  and  on  the  North 
Branch  of  Solomon  River— The  Expedition  from  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  to  the 
Canadian  River,  Texas. 

The  rapid  construction  of  the  railways  across  Kansas 
and  Nebraska  which  inclosed  the  extensive  and  fertile 
valleys  of  the  Republican  River  and  its  tributaries  had 
aroused  the  determined  opposition  of  the  Sioux,  Arapa- 
hoes,  and  Cheyennes,  who  regarded  the  hunting-grounds 
of  that  region  as  their  private  property.  They  constituted 
the  model  irregular  light  cavalry  of  North  America,  and 
were  formidable  when  armed  only  with  lances,  bows  and 
arrows ;  but  when  they  acquired  the  breech-loading  rifle 
and  metallic  cartridge,  which  permitted  them  to  load  and 
lire  when  mounted  and  at  a  gallop,  they  became  more  for- 
midable than  ever.  They  marched  easily  from  forty  to 
sixty  miles  a  day,  and  employed  scouts  and  small  hunting 
parties,  who  were  constantly  operating  from  ten  to  twenty 
miles  in  every  direction  from  their  villages,  and  who  al- 
ways promptly  informed  them  of  the  movements  of  the 
troops  ;  and  they  were  thus  almost  invariably  enabled 
to  choose  their  own  time  and  place  of  combat,  or  avoid 
it  altogether  it'  they  desired  to  do  so.  The  building  of 
the  railways  and  other  causes  of  less  magnitude  finally 


THE  NARRATIVE.  131 

incited  these  Indians  to  begin  a  merciless  war  against  the 
settlers,  in  the  vain  hope  that  they  might  be  able  to  check 
the  occupation  of  the  country  ;  and  while  the  cruelty  of 
their  mode  of  warfare  is  unsparingly  denounced,  the  cour- 
age with  which  they  fought  against  the  irresistible  march 
of  civilization  will  always  command  the  admiration  of  the 
soldiers  who  conquered  them. 

It  became  evident  during  the  summer  of  18G8  that  the 
troops  serving  on  the  borders  of  Kansas,  Nebraska,  and 
Colorado  must  be  reinforced  for  the  purpose  of  defeating 
the  warlike  purposes  of  the  disaffected  Indians  who  roamed 
through  that  part  of  the  country,  and  accordingly  orders 
were  issued  in  September  transferring  seven  companies  of 
the  regiment  from  the  Southern  States  to  the  scene  of 
threatening  hostilities. 

Companies  A  and  I  started  from  Raleigh,  N.  C,  on  the 
13th,  and  moved  by  rail  to  Columbus,  Ky.,  thence  by 
water  to  St.  Louis,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Fort  Harker, 
Kan.,  where  they  arrived  on  the  27th.  Company  M 
started  from  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  on  the  11th,  and  moved  by 
rail  to  Nashville,  where  it  was  joined  by  Conqmny  B,  and 
the  squadron  then  moved  by  water  to  St.  Louis,  where  it 
was  joined  by  Company  F,  which  had  started  from  Rich- 
mond, Va..  on  the  8th.  The  three  companies  then  moved 
by  rail  to  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  where  they  arrived  on  the 
25th.  Companies  H  and  L  started  from  Aiken,  S.  C,  on 
the  12th,  and  moved  by  rail  to  Columbus,  Ky.,  thence  by 
water  to  St.  Louis,  and  thence  by  rail  to  Fort  Harker, 
Kan.,  where  they  arrived  on  the  23d. 

The  surpassing  promptness  with  which  these  companies 
moved  from  widely  separated  posts  in  the  Southern  States, 
their  concentration  at  a  distant  station  in  Kansas,  and 
immediate  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  were  made  the  subjects 
of  congratulation  and  commendation  in  general  orders.* 

The  battalion,  under  the  command  of  Major  Royal  1, 
marched  from  Fort  Harker  on  the  1st  of  October,  and, 

*  Kegimental  Orders  No.  92,  Headquarters  Fifth  Cavalry.  November  2.  L868 


132  THE  NARRATIVE. 

after  examining  the  country  to  Fort  Hays,  made  a  recon- 
naissance north  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railway  to  Prairie 
Dog  Creek,  whence  two  detachments  were  dispatched  on 
the  12th  (companies  B,  F,  and  M  under  the  command  of 
Captain  Brown,  and  companies  A,  H,  and  I  under  the 
command  of  Captain  Urban)  to  Beaver  Creek  and  the 
Republican  River,  some  miles  farther  north.  During  their 
absence  Company  L,  which  had  remained  in  camp  with 
Major  Royall,  was  attacked  by  the  Cheyennes  and  Dog 
soldiers,  under  Tall  Bull,  on  the  14th,  and  suffered  a  loss 
of  two  men  killed  and  wounded  and  twenty-six  horses 
captured  by  the  enemy. 

When  the  detachments  returned  from  Beaver  Creek  and 
the  Republican  River,  the  battalion  started  from  Prairie 
Dog  Creek  and  examined  the  country  to  Buffalo  Tank  on 
the  railway,  where  it  arrived  on  the  22d,  when  Major  Carr 
joined  and  assumed  the  command.  The  next  day  the  bat- 
talion marched  northward  towards  the  Republican  River, 
and  at  half -past  two  o'clock  p.m.  of  the  25th  the  advance- 
guard  (M)  met  the  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  and  drove  them 
across  Beaver  Creek,  when  the  entire  force  engaged  the 
enemy  in  a  running  fight  for  six  miles,  their  number  con- 
stantly increasing  until  they  were  about  five  hundred 
strong  and  well  mounted.  The  combat  continued  until 
nightfall,  when  the  enemy  retired,  having  suffered  a  loss  of 
about  thirty  killed  and  wounded.  The  pursuit  was  con- 
tinued on  the  26th,  and  the  Indians  skirmished  with  the 
battalion  during  the  entire  day,  and  gave  frequent  exhibi- 
tions of  personal  dash  and  gallantry  which  elicited  hearty 
and  generous  applause.  Nightfall  found  the  troopers  at 
the  north  branch  of  Solomon  River,  where  a  bivouac  was 
established  until  the  next  morning,  when  the  pursuit 
was  renewed  and  continued  to  the  north  side  of  the  Repub- 
lican River  with  occasional  encounters.  The  Indians  then 
turned  and  retreated  southward  to  Beaver  Creek  and  down 
that  stream,  with  the  troopers  in  vigorous  pursuit,  until 
the  31st,  when  the  enemy  suddenly  disappeared  like  a 


THE   NARRATIVE.  133 

mist  before  the  morning  sun.  Major  Carr  then  marched 
to  Fort  Wallace,  Kan.,  and  thence,  about  three  weeks 
later,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  29th  of 
November,  and  on  the  2d  of  December  the  battalion  under 
his  command  started  from  that  station  and  marched 
south  in  the  middle  of  a  severe  winter  to  Cimarron  Creek, 
then  down  the  stream  into  New  Mexico  and  the  Indian 
Territory,  and  thence  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  Creek 
to  the  Canadian  River,  Texas,  where  it  arrived  on  the 
28th.  The  battalion  remained  in  that  vicinity  for  some 
weeks  and  then  started  for  Fort  Lyon,  where  it  arrived  on 
the  19th  of  February,  1869,  without  having  encountered 
hostile  Indians  or  accomplished  any  material  results, 
although  the  companies  were  conspicuous  for  their  energy, 
untiring  pursuit,  and  rapid  movements.  Company  L  made 
one  march  of  seventy-five  miles  in  twenty-six  hours  during 
a  blinding  snow-storm. 

The  operations  of  the  fall  and  winter  of  1868-69,  alike 
honorable  to  the  officers  and  men,  indicated  that  the  regi- 
ment had  maintained  its  well-earned  reputation  for  dash 
and  bravery  in  Indian  warfare. 


CHAPTEE  XIV. 

Field  Operations  from  Fort  Lyon  to  Fort  McPherson — Combats  on  Beaver  and 
Spring  Creeks — The  Republican  River  Expedition — Battle  of  Summit 
Springs — The  Niobrara  Pursuit — Affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek — Assignment 
to  Stations  in  Nebraska  and  Wyoming — Affairs  on  Red  Willow  and  Bird- 
wood  Creeks. 

The  battalion  encamped  near  Fort  Lyon  until  the  1st 
of  May,  1869,  when  it  marched,  under  Major  Carr,  by  the 
way  of  Cheyenne  Wells  to  Sheridan,  and  thence  across 
the  country  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb. 

The  command  arrived  at  Beaver  Creek  on  the  afternoon 
of  the  13th,  and  had  hardly  encamped  when  Indian  signs 
were  discovered.  Lieutenant  Ward,  with  a  small  force, 
was  dispatched  on  a  reconnaissance,  and  five  miles  down 
the  stream  he  discovered  a  large  village  and  succeeded  in 
withdrawing  without  creating  an  alarm  ;  but  while  hasten- 
ing back  to  the  cavalry  camp  he  encountered  a  number 
of  Sioux  and  Cheyenne  warriors  who  were  returning  from 
a  buffalo  hunt.  The  meeting  was  wholly  unexpected  by 
either  party,  and,  during  the  temporary  confusion  which 
ensued,  the  guide,  William  F.  Cody  (Buffalo  Bill),  de- 
tached himself  from  the  troopers  and  rode  rapidly  to- 
wards the  cavalry  camp,  while  Lieutenant  Ward  gal- 
lantly held  the  enemy  in  check  until  Cody  was  safely 
beyond  danger,  when,  being  outnumbered,  he  adopted  a 
defensive' policy  and  slowly  retired.  Meanwhile  the  In- 
dians had  dispatched  couriers  to  the  village,  and  in  a 
short  time  five  hundred  warriors  appeared  in  battle  array 
to  cover  the  retreat  of  their  women  and  children. 

About  three  o'clock  p.m.  the  cavalry  moved  out  and 
engaged  the  enemy  in  a  combat  which  continued  until 
nightfall.     They  stubbornly  contested  the  advance  of  the 


THE    NARRATIVE.  L35 

i  roopers,  who  persistently  pushed  the  fighting  and  inflicted 
;i  severe  punishment  upon  the  warriors,  who  deemed  no 
sacrifice  too  great  to  prevent  the  capture  of  their  lodges 
and  families ;  but  so  soon  as  the  night  came  they  aban- 
doned bhe  field  and  retreated  with  their  women  and 
children  towards  the  Republican  River,  while  the  troopers 
were  compelled  to  bivouac  until  the  arrival  of  the  wagon- 
train,  which  did  not  join  until  after  midnight,  The 
Indians  suffered  a  loss  of  thirty  killed  and  wounded. 
Major  Carr  had  seven  men  killed  and  wounded,  and  he 
narrowly  escaped  being  killed. 

The  enemy  were  pursued  to  the  north  side  of  the  Re- 
publican River,  and  thence  to  Spring  Creek,  where  they 
were  overtaken  about  noon  of  the  16th,  and  another  com- 
bat ensued,  during  which  Lieutenants  Babcock  and  Volk- 
mar,  and  Company  M  (as  advance-guard),  were  distin- 
guished for  their  admirable  conduct  and  courageous  bear- 
ing while  cut  off  from  the  command  and  surrounded 
by  the  savages.  As  at  Beaver  Creek,  the  warriors  only 
fought  for  time  to  enable  their  families  to  escape,  but  the 
impetuosity  of  the  troopers  soon  forced  them  into  a  hasty 
flight  across  the  Republican  River,  which  continued  until 
they  were  south  of  Beaver  Creek,  during  which  they 
abandoned  ponies,  lodges,  and  supplies,  and  were  only 
too  glad  to  escape  with  their  women  and  children.  The 
pursuit  was  finally  abandoned  towards  evening,  and  the 
troopers  returned  to  the  north  side  of  the  Republican 
River,  where  they  bivouacked  until  the  morning  of  the 
17th,  when  they  marched  up  Spring  Creek,  crossed  the 
divide,  to  the  Platte  River,  and  arrived  at  Fort  McPkerson 
on  the  20th  of  May. 

It  was  at  once  decided  to  make  a  campaign  in  the  Re- 
publican River  country,  and  four  squadrons  of  the  regi- 
ment (A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  and  M),  with  Major  Frank 
North's  Pawnee  scouts  and  the  celebrated  guide,  William  F. 
Cody,  under  Major  Carr,  were  selected  for  the  expedition. 
Everything  being  in  readiness,  this  splendidly  mounted 


136  THE  NARRATIVE. 

and  thoroughly  equipped  cavalry  force  marched  from  Fort 
McPlierson,  on  the  9th  of  June,  to  the  Republican  River, 
and  began  a  series  of  vigorous  movements  which  not  only 
resulted  in  frequent  combats  and  encounters,  but  also 
taught  the  enemy  that  a  master  of  the  methods  of  Indian 
warfare  was  directing  the  operations  against  them. 

About  five  o'clock  p.m.  on  the  15th  of  June,  when  the 
command  was  encamped  on  the  Republican  River,  a  party 
of  marauding  Cheyennes  made  a  bold  attempt  to  capture 
the  train  mules  while  they  were  at  water.  Companies  A, 
B,  and  M,  under  Major  Royall,  were  dispatched  in  a  pur- 
suit which  continued  until  nightfall,  and  they  did  not 
rejoin  the  camp  until  after  midnight. 

On  the  5  th  of  July  companies  A,  E,  and  M  and  fifty 
Pawnee  scouts,  under  Major  Royall,  while  making  a  re- 
connaissance to  the  right  of  the  column,  surprised  and 
defeated  with  some  loss  a  party  of  Cheyennes  in  the  sand- 
hills near  Frenchman's  Fork ;  and  on  the  afternoon  of  the 
8th  Corporal  Kyle  and  three  men  of  Company  M  had  a 
brilliant  affair  at  Dog  Creek,  where,  although  surrounded 
by  thirteen  Sioux  warriors,  they  succeeded  in  killing 
three  and  compelling  the  others  to  retreat  north  of  the 
Republican  River,  when  they  leisurely  retired  and  re- 
joined the  command  twelve  miles  below.  About  midnight 
of  the  8th  the  enemy  made  a  vigorous  attack  upon  the 
camp,  for  the  purpose  of  stampeding  the  mules  and 
horses,  but  they  only  succeeded  in  wounding  two  Pawnee 
scouts. 

About  this  time  it  became  known  that  the  enemy  held 
as  captives  two  white  women  whom  they  had  captured  on 
the  Solomon  River  about  the  1st  of  June,  and  as  it  was 
evident  that  they  were  preparing  to  march  northward, 
by  the  way  of  the  Laramie  Plains  and  the  Black  Hills 
of  Wyoming,  to  the  Powder  River  country,  it  became  a 
matter  of  the  utmost  importance  to  intercept  them  and 
rescue  the  unfortunate  women  before  they  could  cross  the 
South  Platte  River. 


THE  NAKKATIVE.  137 

Major  Carr  accordingly  pushed  his  Pawnee  scouts  for- 
ward, and,  having  ascertained  the  general  direction  in 
whicli  the  Indians  were  retreating,  moved  his  command 
by  rapid  inarches  beyond  their  right  flank,  and  gained  a 
position  in  their  front  from  which  he  was  enabled  to  strike 
a  blow  that  almost  annihilated  them.  To  accomplish  this 
brilliant  result  forced  marches  were  made  until  the  even- 
ing of  the  10th,  when  the  troopers  encamped  on  French- 
man' s  Fork,  about  twenty-four  hours  behind  the  enemy. 
About  two  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  11th  three  squadrons  (A, 
C,  D,  E,  G,  H)  and  the  Pawnee  scouts — leaving  Company 
M  to  escort  the  wagon-train — renewed  the  pursuit,  whicli 
was  continued  until  the  South  Platte  River  was  seen  from 
the  bluffs  on  the  south  side.  A  squadron  (E  and  Gf)  with 
one  hundred  scouts,  under  Major  Roy  all,  were  dispatched 
on  a  reconnaissance  along  the  river-bank  to  ascertain  if 
the  enemy  had  succeeded  in  effecting  a  crossing,  although 
it  was  believed  that  their  right  flank  had  been  turned  and 
that  they  were  then  to  the  left  rear  of  the  column.  This 
belief  was  soon  confirmed  by  the  arrival  of  the  guide, 
William  F.  Cody,  who  reported  large  herds  of  ponies  about 
six  miles  distant  in  a  south-westerly  direction,  which  was 
indubitable  evidence  that  Tall  Bull  and  his  warriors  were 
encamped  and  unconscious  of  approaching  peril,  as  the 
pickets,  who  were  watching  their  rear,  had  made  no  dan- 
ger signals,  and  the  possibility  of  a  successful  flank  move- 
ment never  occurred  to  them,  because  it  did  not  seem 
practicable  for  the  cavalry  to  march  one  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  in  four  days  and  pass  their  flank  without  being  dis- 
covered. 

When  the  position  of  the  village  was  reasonably  located 
Major  Carr  made  a  detour  towards  the  north-west,  and 
marched  rapidly  behind  ridges  and  through  ravines  until 
about  half -past  one  o'clock  p.m.,  when  he  halted  the  cav- 
alry about  six  miles  south  of  the  old  Valley  Station  on  the 
South  Platte  River  and  one  mile  north  of  Summit  Springs, 
where  the  village  was  supposed  to  be  located.     The  ground 


138  THE   NARRATIVE. 

between  the  troopers  and  the  Springs  was  an  open  plain, 
and  the  plan  of  the  attack  was  soon  arranged.  Captain 
Walker,  with  his  company,  was  assigned  to  the  left,  and 
Lieutenant  Price,  with  Company  A,  was  assigned  to  the 
right.  They  were  instructed  to  turn  the  enemy's  flanks, 
dash  to  the  rear,  and  capture  the  herds,  which  could  be 
plainly  seen  grazing  on  a  hillside  about  two  miles  south, 
and,  as  was  rightly  conjectured,  also  south  of  the  village. 
Captains  Sumner  and  Maley,  with  their  companies  and 
the  Pawnee  scouts,  were  to  charge  upon  the  enemy's  front. 
Company  A  had  first  to  move  about  five  hundred  yards  to 
the  right  for  position,  and  Major  Carr  waited  until  Lieu- 
tenant Price  signaled  that  he  was  read}-,  when  the  line 
moved  forward  at  a  slow  trot  until  it  appeared  upon  the 
level  of  the  plain  and  about  twelve  hundred  yards  from 
the  village.  At  this  moment  an  Indian,  superbly  mounted 
on  a  white  pony,  was  seen  to  dash  from  the  herd.  He  had 
discovered  the  cavalry  and  instantly  recognized  the  su- 
preme peril' of  the  hour.  His  direct  and  terrific  pace  in- 
formed Major  Carr  exactly  where  to  deliver  his  blow,  and  it 
was  of  the  utmost  importance  to  strike  the  village  before 
the  warriors  could  be  informed  of  the  approaching  dan- 
ger. A  hard  gale  from  the  west  prevented  the  Indians  in 
the  village  from  hearing  the  noise  made  by  the  advancing 
line  of  cavalry,  while  the  warning  shouts  of  the  herder 
who  was  riding  a  race  with  death  counted  as  nothing 
against  the  fury  of  the  winds.  It  was  a  moment  of  in- 
tense suspense.  If  only  one  Indian  should  chance  to  ap- 
pear on  the  edge  of  the  plain  and  discover  the  troopers 
the  advantage  gained  by  the  forced  march  and  brilliant 
flank  movement  would  be  instantly  lost  ;  or  if  the  herder 
should  gain  the  village  but  one  minute  before  the  advanc- 
ing cavalry  could  strike  it  the  advantage  arising  from  a 
complete  surprise  would  also  be  lost.  The  herder  had  not 
advanced  twenty  yards  towards  the  village  when  the  chief 
trumpeter  was  ordered  to  sound  the- charge.  Only  those 
who  were  near  him  could  hear  the  short,  sharp  notes,  but 


THE  NARRATIVE.  139 

every  man  saw  him  going  through  the  motions.  That  was 
enough.  AH  know  Hum  there  was  only  one  call  to  sound 
then  ;  and  away  dashed  the  gallant  troopers  in  one  of  the 
most  superb  charges  ever  made  by  the  Fifth  Cavalry.  The 
spurs  sunk  deep  in  the  Hanks  of  the  good  but  jaded  horses, 
who,  seeming  to  understand  the  necessity  of  the  occasion, 
responded  with  a  magnificent  burst  of  speed. 

As  the  herder  came  on  the  edge  of  the  ravine  on  the 
south  side  the  troopers  appeared" on  the  edge  of  the  ravine 
on  the  north  side,  and  there  was  the  prize  only  fifty  yards 
from  the  charging  line,  and  with  ringing  cheers  the  regi- 
ment struck  the  doomed  village.  Lieutenant  Price  turned 
the  enemy's  left  Hank,  and,  dashing  to  the  rear,  killed 
seven  warriors  and  captured  three  hundred  animals.  Cap- 
tains Sumner  and  Maley  charged  through  the  village  and 
drove  everything  before  them.  Captain  Walker,  while 
endeavoring  to  turn  the  enemy's  right  flank,  encountered 
an  ugly  side-ravine,  which  delayed  his  progress  and  per- 
mitted a  number  of  the  enemy  to  escape.  The  Pawnee 
scouts  charged  with  the  troopers  and  were  free  lances,  rid- 
ing everywhere.  The  herder  died  fighting  in  the  centre  of 
the  village,  and  his  pony  was  killed  with  him. 

The  attack,  although  made  about  two  o'clock  p.:\r.,  was 
a  complete  surprise.  The  troopers  were  not  seen  by  any 
of  the  enemy,  except  the  herder,  until  they  were  within 
fifty  yards  of  the  village  and  charging  upon  it  at  a  terrific 
pace.  The  warriors  had  no  time  to  seize  their  arms  or 
secure  the  ponies.  They  were  completely  dazed  and  be- 
wildered, and  fled  panic-stricken  in  every  direction. 

Major  Royall  and  his  command  joined  just  as  the  vil- 
lage was  captured  and  participated  in  the  subsequent 
operations. 

The  village,  numbering  eighty-four  lodges,  was  rich  in 
everything  pertaining  to  Indian  wealth.  The  Indians  were 
Sioux,  Cheyennes,  and  Arapahoes,  under  the  leadership 
of  Tall  Pull,  who  had  been  for  some  years  a  scourge  to 
the  frontier  settlements.     The  bands  had  intended  to  sepa- 


140  THE   NAEEATIVE. 

rate  that  morning  and  abandon  the  country,  as  the  troops 
were  too  strong  for  them  ;  but  they  delayed  at  the  Springs, 
at  the  suggestion  of  the  medicine-man  and  against  the  ad- 
vice of  Tall  Bull,  and  agreed  to  separate  on  the  morning 
of  the  12th.  This  delay  of  twenty-four  hours,  so  fatal  to 
them,  gave  peace  to  the  western  frontiers  of  Kansas  and 
Nebraska  for  all  time.  Tall  Bull  and  sixty  of  his  war- 
riors were  killed  and  as  many  more  were  wounded.  A 
number  of  women  and  children  were  captured  and  sent 
to  a  northern  agency.  Four  hundred  and  eighteen  ani- 
mals were  captured,  and  ten  thousand  pounds  of  dried 
meat,  eighty-four  lodges  complete,  one  thousand  buffalo- 
robes,  seventy-eight  rifles  and  revolvers,  and  a  large  quan- 
tity of  supplies  and  camp  equipage  were  destroyed. 

Mrs.  Alderdice  was  killed  by  a  squaw  and  Mrs.  Weichel 
wras  wounded  by  a  warrior  at  the  moment  the  village 
was  captured.  The  first  was  given  Christian  burial  on 
the  field,  and  the  other  was  taken  to  Fort  Sedgwick, 
Col.,  where  she  recovered.  About  thirteen  hundred  dol- 
lars were  found  in  the  village,  and  of  this  amount  nine 
hundred  dollars  were  given  to  Mrs.  Weichel. 

The  attack  was  so  impetuous  and  the  surprise  so  com- 
plete that  no  casualties  occurred  among  the  troopers,  but 
a  number  of  horses  died  of  exhaustion.  The  company 
commanders  who  led  the  charge  against  the  village  were  re- 
commended for  brevet  commissions.  Complimentary  or- 
ders were  issued  by  the  colonel  of  the  regiment  and  the 
department  commander.  The  division  commander  tele- 
graphed his  congratulations,  and  the  Legislature  of  Ne- 
braska passed  joint  resolutions  of  thanks  to  Major  Carr 
and  the  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  "  for  their  heroic 
courage  and  perseverance  in  the  campaign  against  hostile 
Indians  on  the  frontier  of  the  State  in  July,  1869,  driving 
the  enemy  from  its  border  and  achieving  a  victory  at  Sum- 
mit Springs,  Col.,  by  which  the  people  of  the  State  wrere 
freed  from  the  ravages  of  the  merciless  savages." 

This  battle    ended  Indian    terrorism    in    Kansas    and 


THE   NARRATIVE.  141 

Nebraska.  The  savages  had  never  before  received  such 
a  stunning  blow  in  any  engagement.  Wandering  bands, 
notably  the  Cheyennes  in  the  fall  of  1878,  have  since 
occasionally  created  some  alarm,  but  it  can  be  written 
that  for  years  Kansas  and  Nebraska  have  been  as  secure 
against  Indian  outrages  as  Iowa  and  Missouri. 

Considered  as  a  complete  success,  the  battle  of  Summit 
Springs  takes  rank  with  Wichita  Village  ;  but  in  a  broader 
sense  it  was  of  infinitely  greater  importance,  as  it  for- 
ever secured  to  the  white  race  the  undisputed  and  unmo- 
lested possession  of  the  Republican  River  and  its  tribu- 
taries. 

The  expedition  then  marched  to  Fort  Sedgwick,  and 
encamped  until  the  2d  of  August,  when,  as  reorganized, 
companies  C,  D,  F,  Gr,  H,  I,  and  L,  and  Major  Frank 
North's  Pawnee  scouts,  and  the  guide,  William  F.  Cody, 
under  Major  Royall,  marched  south  with  the  intention  of 
following  Frenchman's  Fork  to  the  Republican  River  ;  but 
when  ten  miles  south  of  Fort  Sedgwick  the  scouts  discov- 
ered Pawnee  Killer' s  band  of  Sioux,  who  immediately  re- 
treated towards  Frenchman's  Fork.  They  were  pursued 
to  that  stream,  and  thence  northward  across  the  South 
and  North  Platte  rivers  to  the  Niobrara  River,  in  Northern 
Nebraska,  until  the  11th  of  August,  when,  both  horses 
and  rations  being  exhausted,  the  cavalry  returned  to  the 
North  Platte  River  and  moved  by  easy  marches  down 
that  stream  to  Fort  McPherson,  where  the  command 
arrived  on  the  22d,  and  another  reorganization  of  the  ex- 
pedition, consisting  of  companies  B,  E,  F,  L,  and  M,  with 
two  companies  of  the  Second  Cavalry,  Major  Frank  North's 
Pawnee  scouts,  and  the  guide,  William  F.  Cody,  under 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Duncan,  set  out  from  that  station  on 
the  15th  of  September  for  the  Republican  River  and 
operated  chiefly  in  the  country  which  had  been  examined 
in  June  and  July  ;  and  on  the  26th  Lieutenants  Price  and 
Volkmar,  with  the  headquarters  detachment  and  a  few 
Pawnee  scouts,  encountered  Whistler's  band  of  Sioux  on 


142  THE  NARRATIVE. 

Prairie  Dog  Creek  and  pursued  them  so  closely  that  they 
abandoned  a  part  of  their  village,  which  was  destroyed 
the  next  morning.  It  was  afterwards  learned  that  the 
band  traveled  ninety  miles  without  halting,  and  thereafter 
marched  as  rapidly  as  possible  until  they  arrived  at  the 
Standing  Rock  Agency. 

The  expedition  returned  to  Fort  McPherson  on  the  28th 
of  October  and  was  disbanded.  The  regimental  headquar- 
ters and  companies  F,  H,  I,  L,  and  M  were  assigned  to 
that  post,  and  companies  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  and  Of  were  or- 
dered to  take  station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.  All  the 
companies  were  in  winter  quarters  before  the  end  of  the 
year,  and  only  a  few  changes  were  thereafter  made  in  the 
stations  during  the  tour  of  service  in  the  Department  of 
the  Platte. 

During  December  Lieutenant  Burns,  with  a  detachment 
of  Company  K,  had  two  encounters  with  illicit  distillers 
at  Walnut  Hill,  Lee  County,  Ya,,  in  which  two  men  were 
wounded.  This  officer  destroyed  during  the  fall  and  winter 
of  1869  one  hundred  and  three  illicit  distilleries  in  Virginia, 
Tennessee,  and  North  Carolina. 

Lieutenant  Thomas,  with  a  detachment  of  Company  I, 
set  out  from  Fort  McPherson  on  the  7th  of  June,  1870,  in 
pursuit  of  marauding  Indians  who  had  stolen  stock  from 
citizens  in  the  vicinity.  He  started  without  rations  and 
pushed  ahead  at  a  gallop  whenever  possible,  crossing  with 
some  difficulty  a  deep  stream  with  swampy  approaches. 
He  was  delayed  to  examine  camps  and  side-trails,  and 
encountered  rain  with  danger  of  losing  the  trail,  which  he 
followed  until  darkness  set  in,  when  he  had  his  men  stand 
to  horse  until  daybreak  the  next  morning,  when  he  renewed 
the  pursuit,  and  an  hour  later  overtook  and  charged  the 
marauders,  who  lied  in  every  direction  and  abandoned 
everything  except  the  horses  on  which  they  were  mounted. 
Lieutenant  Thomas  pursued  them  beyond  Red  Willow 
Creek,  and  destroyed  their  camp  equipage,  recovered  the 
stolen  stock,  and  captured  other  animals— in  all  thirty- 


THE  NARRATIVE.  143 

three  mules,  horses,  and  ponies.  He  then  returned  to  his 
station,  where  he  arrived  at  seven  o'clock  p.m.  oh  the  8th, 
after  a  march  of  one  hundred  and  twenty  miles  in  two 
days. 

Lieutenant  Hayes,  with  a  detachment  of  the  regiment, 
set  out  from  Fort  McPherson  on  the  23d  of  May,  1871,  for 
Birdwood  Creek,  Neb.,  where,  on  the  24th,  he  surprised 
and  captured  a  party  of  Sioux,  together  with  sixt}r  mules 
and  horses. 

The  companies  were  employed  in  the  usual  garrison 
duties  at  their  respective  stations,  having  occasional  tours 
of  field-service,  until  November,  1871,  when  the  regiment 
was  ordered  to  distant  service  in  the  Military  Division  of 
the  Pacific. 


Sixth  Period— 1872-1875. 


ARIZONA   AND   THE  APACHE   CAMPAIGN'S. 


CHAPTER  XV. 

Across  the  Continent— Topography  of  Arizona— Aztec  and  Toltec  Ruins— The 
Apache  Campaigns. 

In  compliance  with  orders  from  the  War  Department, 
dated  November  1,  1871,  the  regiment  was  relieved  from 
duty  in  Nebraska  and  Wyoming,  and  ordered  to  field- 
service  against  the  Apaches  of  Arizona. 

The  headquarters  and  companies  A,  G,  H,  I,  and  L 
(Company  F  joining  at  North  Platte),  leaving  horses  and 
heavy  equipments  behind,  started  from  Fort  McPherson, 
Neb.,  on  the  27th  of  November,  under  Major  Carr,  and 
moved  by  the  overland  railways  to  Oakland,  Cal.,  and 
immediately  embarked  on  the  steamship  Newbem  and 
sailed  down  the  coast  to  Cape  St.  Lucas,  and  thence  up 
the  Gulf  of  California  to  Port  Isabel,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Colorado  River,  where  they  were  transferred  to  the  steam- 
boats Mojave  and  Colorado,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Yuma  on 
the  19th  of  December.  As  the  headquarters  and  companies 
received  remounts  and  heavy  equipments  they  started  for 
Fort  McDowell,  which  was  designated  as  the  post  at  which 
the  regiment  was  to  be  assembled. 

The  second  detachment,  composed  of  companies  B,  C,  D, 
E,  K,  and  M,  under  Major  Crittenden,  was  assembled  at 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.  (where  horses  and  heavy  equip- 
ments were  turned  in),  and  then  moved  from  Cheyenne  on 


THE  NARRATIVE.  145 

tlie  12th  of  December  by  the  overland  railways  to  Oak- 
land, Cal.,  and  embarked  on  the  steamship  Idaho  and 
sailed  for  Port  Isabel,  where,  upon  arrival,  the  companies 
were  transferred  to  the  steamboats  Ifqfave  and  Colorado, 
and  arrived  at  Fort  Yuma  on  the  9th  of  January,  1872. 
As  the  companies  received  their  remounts  and  heavy 
equipments  they  started  for  Maricopa  Wells,  whence 
they  were  instructed  to  proceed  to  their  respective  sta- 
tions instead  of  marching  to  the  previously  designated 
rendezvous  at  Fort  McDowell. 

Some  changes  had  been  made  with  reference  to  contem- 
plated movements  after  the  first  detachment  had  arrived, 
but  the  middle  of  February  found  all  the  companies  at 
their  stations  and  ready  for  field-service. 

That  part  of  Arizona  north  of  the  Gila  River  was  ac- 
quired from  Mexico  under  the  treaty  of  Guadalupe  Hi- 
dalgo in  1848.  That  part  south  of  the  Gila  River  was 
acquired  by  purchase  under  the  Gadsden  treaty  of  1853. 
North-eastern  Arizona  consists  of  elevated  plateaus  from 
three  thousand  to  eight  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  with  occasional  bluffs  and  volcanic  cones  rising 
from  five  hundred  to  twenty-five  hundred  feet  above  the 
plateaus.  The  numerous  parallel  ranges  of  mountains 
have  a  general  north-west  and  south-east  course,  and  form 
long  valleys  in  the  same  direction.  The  remarkable  excep- 
tions to  this  general  direction  are  the  Mogollon  range  in 
the  east,  which  extends  nearly  east  and  west  and  joins  the 
Sierra  Blanca,  and  an  east-and-west  range  extending  into 
ISTew  Mexico.  The  axis  of  the  Black  Mountains  and  the 
Cerbat  range  in  the  north-west  is  nearly  north  and  south. 
Southern  Arizona  is  a  plain  having  a  slight  elevation, 
about  two  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ssa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gila  River.  From  this  plain  isolated  moun- 
tains and  mountain  ranges  abruptly  rise.  In  Central  Ari- 
zona the  Sierra  Prieta  and  the  Aztec  range  send  foot-hills 
out  in  every  direction,  and  their  flanks  sink  gradually  to 
the  level  of  the  high  plateau  surrounding  the  San  Francisco 
10 


146  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

Mountain  towards  the  north-east,  and  to  the  table-lands 
sloping  towards  the  Colorado  River  on  the  south-west. 
The  San  Francisco  Mountain,  a  grand  volcanic  cone,  is 
eleven  thousand  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  North 
and  north-east  of  this  mountain  is  an  immense  table-land, 
increasing  in  altitude  towards  the  Utah  line,  and  extending 
for  hundreds  of  miles.  In  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colo- 
rado the  waters  flow  between  walls  that  rise  to  a  perpen- 
dicular height  of  seven  thousand  feet.  The  mountains  of 
salt  in  the  north-west  are  among  the  most  remarkable 
formations  to  be  found  in  that  section,  and  the  deposits 
are  very  extensive. 

The  ruins  scattered  throughout  the  Territory  indicate 
an  early  civilization,  that  the  land  was  cultivated,  and 
that  silver  and  copper  mines  were  extensively  worked.  In 
the  north-west  and  on  the  Colorado  plateau  are  pueblos 
in  ruins,  containing  walls,  terraces,  acequias,  and  reser- 
voirs. The  most  extensive  ruins  are  found  in  the  Gila 
Valley,  and  recent  explorations  have  established  the  fact 
that  the  country  drained  by  the  Gila  and  Colorado  rivers 
was  once  densely  populated. 

Burial  urns,  containing  the  ashes  of  human  bodies,  are 
often  exhumed,  which  serve  to  establish  the  fact  that  cre- 
mation was  practiced  by  the  people  who  once  occupied 
the  country. 

Padre  Kino  wrote,  two  centuries  ago,  a  description  of 
these  ruins,  notably  of  the  Casa  Grande,  a  ruin  about 
twelve  miles  south-east  from  Florence.  No  more  was 
known  of  them  then  than  is  known  of  them  now.  The 
acequia  which  supplied  the  Casa  Grande  with  water  can 
be  traced  for  fifty  miles  up  the  Gila  River.  It  is  now 
fifty  feet  wide  and  from  six  to  ten  feet  deep,  and  ends 
in  an  immense  reservoir  in  which  was  stored  the  water- 
supply  for  a  population  estimated  at  two  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand.  The  Spaniards  discovered  the  same  ruins 
in  1535.  These  people  may  have  been  Aztecs  or  Toltecs  ; 
the  Moquis  and  Zunis  may  be  their  descendants  ;   their 


THE   NARRATIVE.  147 

history,  however,  seems  to  be  enveloped  in  an  impene- 
trable mj-stery. 

It  is  known,  however,  as  the  Spanish  settlements  ad- 
vanced northward,  that  the  Apaches  became  the  scourge  of 
the  frontier  and  repelled  all  efforts  to  civilize  and  convert 
them.  No  mission  was  ever  established  among  them. 
They  drew  to  themselves  all  the  Indians  who  from  time 
to  time  broke  away  from  S]^anish  rule,  and  succeeded  in 
driving  from  Arizona  about  all  the  population  that  was 
not  of  their  race  and  blood,  and  made  Sonora  the  field  for 
their  marauding  expeditions. 

When  the  Territory  passed  into  the  possession  of  the 
United  States  it  was  almost  exclusively  occupied  by  the 
Apaches,  and  its  only  apparent  value  was  the  use  sub- 
sequently made  of  it — as  an  overland  route  for  the  South- 
ern Mail  Company.  A  few  troops  were  stationed  there, 
and  combats  incident  to  the  occupation  of  a  new  country 
followed  without  any  beneficial  results,  except,  perhaps, 
with  the  Indians  on  the  Colorado  River. 

Two  regiments  of  California  volunteers  were  dispatched 
there  in  1861  to  check  the  operations  of  a  Confederate 
force  and  hold  the  country.  The  settlers  followed  the 
troops  as  military  stations  were  established,  and  engaged 
in  the  pursuits  of  a  new  country,  and  from  that  time  un- 
til the  arrival  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  the  history  of  Arizona 
had  been  written  in  the  blood  of  hundreds  of  American 
citizens. 

The  few  troops  stationed  there  from  time  to  time  endured 
many  hardships  and  encountered  many  dangers  in  efforts 
to  subdue  the  savages,  who  delighted  to  revel  in  carni- 
vals of  crime.  They  murdered  farmers  in  their  fields, 
miners  at  their  claims,  and  freighters  beside  their  teams. 
Promising  settlements  were  abandoned  and  mining  indus- 
tries were  paralyzed.  Marauding  bands  were  frequently 
pursued  from  the  scenes  of  their  outrages  directly  to  the 
shelter  of  the  reservations,  where  they  could  draw  supplies 
to  equip  themselves  for  another  raid.     Peacfe  commission- 


148  THE  NARRATIVE. 

ers  had  labored  with  them  in  vain,  and,  forbearance  baring 
ceased  to  be  a  virtue,  the  President  was  urged  by  petition 
to  invest  the  department  commander,  Brevet  Major-General 
George  Crook,  with  the  control  of  Indian  affairs.  It  was 
not  until  the  fall  of  1872,  when  all  other  measures  to  secure 
a  peace  had  signally  failed,  that  he  was  permitted  to  begin 
a  long-delayed  campaign  :  but  it  was  necessary  to  keep 
some  troops  in  the  field  during  the  presence  of  the  peace 
commissioners  to  hold  the  hostile  Indians  measurably 
quiet,  and  the  operations  of  the  regiment  during  the  spring 
and  summer  of  1872  are  deserving  of  a  brief  mention. 

Company  K  was  employed  against  the  Apache-Mojaves 
and,  during  May,  three  of  the  raids  made  upon  the  settle- 
ments in  the  vicinity  of  Camp  Hualpai  met  with  prompt 
chastisement  by  detachments  of  the  company,  and  the 
department  commander  announced  in  orders  that  the 
conduct  of  the  detachments  was  worthy  of  the  brilliant 
reputation  of  the  regiment  to  which  they  belonged.  Com- 
panies I  and  M  were  employed  in  the  vicinity  of  Camp 
Grant,  watching  the  Indians  who  were  located  on  the  reser- 
vation near  the  station.  Companies  B  and  C  were  em- 
ployed in  the  vicinity  of  Camp  Hualpai.  Company  E 
successfully  operated  against  a  large  number  of  Apache- 
Mojaves  and  Apache- Yumas  who  had  deserted  the  reserva- 
tion at  Camp  Date  Creek,  and  captured  the  greater  part 
of  them  in  the  Ilarcuvar  and  Harquahalla  Mountains. 
Company  F  was  employed  in  the  Senoita  Valley  and  had 
several  combats  with  the  Chiricahuas.  A  serious  out- 
break occurred  at  Camp  Date  Creek  early  in  September 
which  was  quelled  by  Company  E,  under  Lieutenant  Yolk- 
mar,  but  not  until  a  number  of  Indians  had  been  killed 
and  wounded.  It  was  an  occasion  fraught  with  great  peril 
to  the  garrison,  but  fortunately  the  outbreak  was  quickly 
suppressed  by  vigorous  measures  and  the  ringleaders  were 
imprisoned. 

It  was  the  22d  of  September  when  Captain  Mason  started 
from  Camp  Hualpai  with  companies  B  C,  and  K  and  a 


THE   NARRATIVE.  149 

detachment  of  Ilualpai  scouts,  and  proceeded  to  the  Santa 
Maria  district,  where  on  the  morning  of  the  25th,  and  after 
a  laborious  night  march  over  a  country  cut  up  with  deep 
and  almost  impassable  canons,  he  discovered  the  rancherias 
of  the  Apache-Mojaves  near  the  edge  of  a  deep  ravine 
known  as  the  Muchos  Canons,  near  the  head- waters  of 
the  north  branch  of  the  Big  Sandy.  He  completely  sur- 
prised the  enemy,  and  after  a  sharp  engagement  killed 
forty,  wounded  many  others,  captured  a  number  of  pris- 
oners, and  destroyed  the  rancherias. 

The  campaign  thus  auspiciously  begun  was  prosecuted 
with  the  utmost  vigor  by  the  troops  and  their  Indian  allies 
until  April,  1873,  and  the  regiment  participated  in  twenty- 
eight  well-fought  combats  and  engagements  with  the  enemy. 
Many  warriors  were  killed  and  wounded  ;  their  women 
and  children  were  captured,  and  their  rancherias  and  sup- 
plies were  destroyed.  Their  hitherto  inaccessible  retreats 
were  penetrated  by  the  persistent  and  searching  operations 
of  the  troops,  and  there  was  no  safety  for  them  anywhere. 
The  hostile  tribes  became  completely  demoralized  by  the 
terrible  punishment  which  was  inflicted  upon  them,  and 
with  one  accord  they  sent  in  flags  of  truce  and  tendered 
unconditional  surrenders. 

On  the  7th  of  April,  1873,  the  department  commander 
announced  in  orders  the  surrender  of  large  numbers  of 
Indians  against  whom  military  operations  had  been  con- 
ducted for  several  months,  and  that  assurances  had  been 
received  from  the  chiefs  and  head  men  that  their  people 
desired  to  conclude  a  permanent  peace.  The  basis  of  the 
peace  established  was  simply  that  the  Apaches  should 
cease  plundering  and  murdering,  and  comply  with  the 
regulations  adopted  for  their  government  upon  the  reser- 
vations ;  also  that  a  sufficient  time  was  to  be  given  to  en- 
able any  renegades  still  at  large  to  return  to  their  proper 
reservations,  after  which  the  troops  with  their  Indian  allies 
were  to  pursue  and  chastise  them  ;  and  in  case  any  strag- 
gling bands  remained  absent  in  defiance  of  proper  authority 


150  THE   NARRATIVE. 

they  were  to  be  pursued  and  forced  to  surrender  or  be  de- 
stroyed. A  few  renegades  and  straggling-  bands  remained 
in  the  mountains,  hoping  that  the  surrender  of  the  prin- 
cipal bands  would  cause  them  to  be  overlooked  and  for- 
gotten. But  in  this  they  were  mistaken,  and  a  vigorous 
campaign  resulted  in  the  surrender,  in  July,  of  all  the 
renegades  and  straggling  bands,  which  included  two  bands 
of  Tonto-Apaches  and  about  two  hundred  Apache-Mojaves. 

After  the  reduction  of  the  military  force  in  the  depart- 
ment in  1873  the  officers  of  the  regiment  who  operated 
against  and  controlled  hostile  Indians  were  compelled  to 
pursue  and  attack  bodies  of  renegades  with  the  disadvan- 
tage of  even  greater  disparity  of  numbers  on  their  side 
than  formerly  existed,  and  they  frequently  found  them- 
selves in  predicaments  from  which  only  by  almost  super- 
human efforts  and  the  exercise  of  the  soundest  military 
judgment,  coolness,  and  determination  could  they  have 
extricated  their  commands  and  attained  with  such  slight 
loss  the  brilliant  successes  that  rewarded  their  exertions. 

It  is  not  deemed  necessary  to  present  in  detail  in  this 
connection  the  many  combats  and  engagements  in  which 
the  regiment  participated  during  the  tour  of  service  in 
Arizona.  A  narrative  of  one  important  combat  could  be 
fairly  used  to  describe  any  other,  only  changing  the  dates 
and  localities.  All  deserved  and  received  the  largest 
measure  of  praise.  The  conduct  of  the  troops  and  the 
results  of  the  campaigns  are  tersely  stated  in  General 
Orders  No.  14,  Series  1873,  Department  of  Arizona,  as 
follows  : 

"The  operations  of  the  troops  in  this  department  in  the 
late  campaigns  against  the  Apaches  entitle  them  to  a  repu- 
tation second  to  none  in  the  annals  of  Indian  warfare.  In 
the  face  of  obstacles  heretofore  considered  insurmount- 
able, encountering  rigorous  cold  in  the  mountains,  fol- 
lowed in  quick  succession  by  the  intense  heat  and  arid 
waste  of  the  desert ;  not  infrequently  at  dire  extremities 


THE  NARRATIVE.  151 

for  want  of  water  to  quench  their  prolonged  thirst ;  and 
when  their  animals  were  stricken  by  pestilence  or  the 
country  became  too  rough  to  be  traversed  by  them,  they 
left  them,  and,  carrying  on  their  own  backs  such  meagre 
supplies  as  they  might,  they  persistently  followed  on, 
and,  plunging  unexpectedly  into  chosen  positions  in  lava- 
beds,  caves,  and  canons,  they  have  outwitted  and  beaten 
the  wiliest  of  foes,  with  slight  loss  comparatively  to  them- 
selves, and  finally  closed  an  Indian  war  that  has  been 
waged  since  the  days  of  Cortez." 

Major- General  John  M.  Schofield,  commanding  the  Mili- 
tary Division  of  the  Pacific,  expressed  in  a  general  order 
his  appreciation  of  the  results,  as  follows  : 

"To  Brevet  Major-General  George  Crook,  commanding 
the  Department  of  Arizona,  and  to  his  gallant  troops  for 
the  extraordinary  service  they  have  rendered  in  the  late 
campaign  against  the  Apache  Indians,  the  division  com- 
mander extends  his  thanks  and  his  congratulations  upon 
their  brilliant  successes.  They  have  merited  the  gratitude 
of  the  nation.  There  is  now  occasion  for  hope  that  the 
well- deserved  chastisement  inflicted  upon  the  Apaches 
may  give  peace  to  the  people  of  Arizona." 

General  William  T.  Sherman,  during  an  interview  with 
the  Military  Committee  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
said  that  "the  services  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  Arizona 
were  unequaled  by  that  of  any  cavalry  regiment  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion. " 

Colonel  John  C.  Kelton,  the  assistant  adjutant-general  of 
the  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific,  said,  in  an  endorsement 
dated  March  15,  1876,  that  "the  results  of  the  good  con- 
duct of  the  troops,  particularly  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  in  their 
engagements  with  Indians  in  Arizona,  were  really  of  na- 
tional consequence." 

The  regiment  could  desire  no  higher  encomiums.  A 
number  of  the  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  re- 


152  THE  1STAREATIVE. 

ceived  medals  of  honor,  which  they  had  richly  earned  by 
feats  of  endurance  and  deeds  of  valor,  and  many  of 
the  officers  were  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States 
Senate  for  brevet  commissions  as  rewards  for  gallant  and 
conspicuous  services,  which  were  performed  in  pursuance 
of  commissions  held  and  obligations  assumed  with  a  high 
sense  of  honor.  Having  won  the  thanks  of  distinguished 
officers  of  the  civil  and  war  departments,  of  the  general  of 
the  army,  and  of  the  division  and  department  commanders, 
who  publicly  declared  the  regiment  to  have  merited  the 
gratitude  of  the  nation,  they  felt  that  the  task  which  they 
had  performed  had  not  been  a  thankless  one,  and  they 
were  content  to  submit  the  record  of  their  deeds  to  the 
judgment  of  the  country. 

An  era  of  peace  now  dawned  upon  Arizona  such  as  was 
never  before  vouchsafed  to  that  stricken  community,  and 
in  a  few  brief  months  its  beneficent  effects  were  everywhere 
visible.  In  the  summer  of  1S73  and  in  the  mid- winter  of 
1873-74  a  few  disaffected  bands  abandoned  the  reserva- 
tions and  endeavored  to  measure  skill  and  strength  with 
the  troops  ;  but  a  vigorous  and  unrelenting  campaign,  in 
which  the  regiment  was  conspicuously  engaged,  again 
taught  them  the  fighting  qualities  of  the  troops,  and  after 
another  severe  chastisement  they  were  glad  to  seek  safety 
on  the  reservations. 

During  three  years  of  service  in  Arizona  the  Fifth  Cav- 
alry participated  in  ninety-seven  combats  and  engage- 
ments with  the  Apaches,  and  when  ordered  to  other  fields 
of  duty  the  officers  and  men  of  the  regiment  were  held  in 
the  highest  estimation  by  the  citizens  of  the  Territory 
because  of  the  efficient  service  which  they  had  performed 
towards  securing  a  lasting  peace  to  that  long-distracted 
community. 

But  little  is  known  of  the"  early  history  of  the  Apaches. 
They  have  no  records  except  those  written  in  the  blood  of 
many  people.  For  centuries  they  have  been  the  scourge 
of  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  the  northern  border  of  old 


THE  NAUR  ATI  VE. 


153 


Mexico.  They  are  now  retreating  before  the  irresistible 
march  of  civilization.  The  shrill  whistle  of  the  locomol  i  v<  i 
echoes  in  their  once  favorite  haunts,  and  the  Territory  is 
increasing  rapidly  in  wealth  and  population.  A  few  years 
hence  and  Arizona,  but  recently  known  as  a  land  of  cacti, 
deserts,  and  implacable  Apaches,  will  put  on  the  robes  of 
sovereignty  and  take  her  appointed  place  with  the  States 
of  the  Nation. 


Seventh  Period— 1875-1883. 


SERVICE   OX   THE  PLAINS   FROM   TIIE   CANADIAN   RIVER,    IX 
TEXAS,  TO   THE   YELL0WSTOXE  RIVER,  IX   MONTANA. 


CHAPTER    XVI. 

Overland  to  Kansas,  and  Service  in  the  Department  of  the  Missouri — The 
Sioux  Campaigns  of  1876. 

In  April,  1875,  the  regiment  was  placed  under  marching 
orders  for  the  Department  of  the  Missouri,  and  on  the  1st 
of  May  the  headquarters  and  Company  C,  under  Major 
Royall,  started  from  Camp  Lowell  and  marched  to  Camp 
Bowie,  where  companies  F  and  M  joined.  The  detach- 
ment then  moved,  by  the  way  of  Fort  Bayard  and  the  Rio 
Grande  vallej^,  to  Santa  Fe,  where  it  arrived  on  the  4th  of 
June.  Company  E  started  from  Camp  McDowell  on  the 
20th  of  April,  and  marched  to  Camp  Verde  and  joined  com- 
panies A  and  K,  and  on  the  3d  of  May  the  detachment,  un- 
der Captain  Mason,  moved,  by  the  way  of  Sunset  Crossing, 
Fort  Wingate,  and  Albuquerque,  to  Santa  Fe,  where  it 
arrived  on  the  5th  of  June.  The  battalion,  having  ex- 
changed horses  with  the  first  battalion  of  the  Sixth  Cav- 
alry, resumed  the  march  under  Major  Royall,  and  moved 
by  the  way  of  Fort  Union,  N.  M.,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col., 
where  it  arrived  on  the  23d,  and  a  few  days  later  the 
headquarters  and  companies  separated  and  marched  to 
their  respective] [stations,  and  Lieutenant-Colonel  Carr  as- 
sumed the  command  of  the  regiment  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan. 


■  v.::.  WESLEY  .  .  S.A. 


THE  NAEEATIVE.  155 

The  other  companies,  having  been  selected  to  remain  in 
Arizona  until  the  arrival  of  the  first  battalion  of  the  Sixth 
Cavalry,  did  not  begin  to  move  out  of  the  Territory  until 
July.  Company  G  started  from  Fort  Whipple  on  the  1st 
and  marched  by  the  way  of  Sunset  Crossing  to  Fort  Win- 
gate,  where  it  arrived  on  the  18th  and  encamped  at  Bacon 
Springs.  Companies  B  and  I  started  from  Camp  Apache 
on  the  17th  and  arrived  at  Fort  Wingate  on  the  29th, 
and  on  the  1st  of  August  the  detachment,  under  Captain 
Montgomery,  moved  by  the  way  of  Albuquerque  and 
Santa  Fe  to  Fort  Union,  N.  M.,  where  it  arrived  on  the 
19th,  and,  having  exchanged  horses  with  a  detachment  of 
the  Sixth  Cavalry,  resumed  the  march  and  arrived  at  Fort 
Lyon,  Col.,  on  the  6th  of  September,  where  the  companies 
separated  and  moved  to  their  respective  stations. 

Company  H  started  from  San  Carlos  Agency  on  the  23d 
of  July  and  marched  to  Camp  Grant,  where  it  joined  Com- 
pany L,  and  the  two  companies  marched  to  Camp  Bowie, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  30th  and  joined  Company  D, 
and  on  the  1st  of  August  the  detachment,  under  Lieuten- 
ant Woodson,  moved  by  the  way  of  Fort  Bayard  and  the 
Rio  Grande  valley  to  Santa  Fe,  and  thence  to  Fort  Union, 
N.  M.,  where  it  arrived  on  the  29th,  and,  having  ex- 
changed horses  with  a  detachment  of  the  Sixth  Cavalry, 
resumed  the  march  and  arrived  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  on  the 
10th  of  September,  where  the  companies  separated  and 
moved  to  their  respective  stations. 

The  regiment  was  fairly  active  during  the  fall  months, 
and  nearly  all  the  companies  had  some  field-service.  Com- 
panies C  and  G  made  reconnaissances  during  the  winter  of 
1875-7G  on  Wolf,  Medicine  Lodge,  Elk,  and  Clear  creeks, 
and  on  the  Canadian  River  in  Texas,  and  were  frequently 
emplo}-ed  in  the  Indian  Territory,  besides  performing  es- 
cort duty  with  the  Arapahoe  Indians  during  their  grand 
winter  hunt.  Lieutenant  Bishop,  with  a  detachment  of 
Company  G,  had  a  spirited  affair,  January  22,  1876,  on  a 
tributary  of  the  Cimarron  River,  one  hundred  and  twenty- 


156  THE  NAEEATIVE. 

five  miles  east  of  Camp  Supply,  in  which  he  severely  pun- 
ished a  marauding  band  of  Osage  Indians. 

Captain  Hamilton,  with  a  detachment  of  his  company, 
set  out  from  Fort  Wallace,  Kan.,  on  the  25th  of  October, 
in  pursuit  of  a  number  of  Cheyennes  who  were  reported  to 
be  absent  without  permission  from  their  reservation.  He 
discovered  them  on  the  27th  on  Cailon  Creek,  a  tributary 
of  the  Smoky  Hill  River.  They  were  concealed  with  their 
ponies  in  a  deep  wooded  ravine,  and  had  watched  his  ap- 
proach on  their  trail  until  he  was  quite  near,  when  they  dis- 
played a  white  flag  and  claimed  to  have  a  written  pass  from 
their  agent  for  the  purpose  of  hunting  buffaloes.  Cap- 
tain Hamilton  rode  into  their  camp  and  attempted  to  count 
them,  but  failed  because  of  their  marked  unwillingness  to 
be  counted.  He  then  dismounted  and  entered  the  ravine, 
where  he  found  about  sixty  warriors.  By  this  time  the 
Indians  had  ascertained  that  they  outnumbered  the  sol- 
diers two  to  one;  but,  to  be  certain  that  no  others  were 
coming,  it  was  necessary  that  one  of  their  number  should 
make  a  reconnaissance  of  the  surrounding  country.  It  was 
observed  at  this  stage  of  the  proceedings  that  the  Indians 
held  a  hurried  consultation,  and  presently  they  asked 
permission  to  dispatch  a  courier  to  a  hunting  party  for 
their  pass.  The  request  was  granted  and  a  sergeant  was 
sent  with  the  warrior,  who  rode  towards  an  elevation  from 
which  he  could  see  all  the  approaches  to  the  camp.  When 
the  courier  had  arrived  at  the  summit  and  ascertained  that 
no  more  soldiers  were  coming  he  fired  on  the  sergeant,  and 
the  warriors  in  the  ravine  at  once  fired  on  the  soldiers, 
who  were  standing  to  horse  in  and  about  their  camp. 
It  was  apparent  that  the  Indians  had  intended  from  the 
beginning  to  violate  their  flag  of  truce  and  attack  the 
soldiers,  if  they  outnumbered  them,  and  then  make  their 
escape.  Captain  Hamilton  was  not  wholly  unprepared 
for  the  attack,  as  his  suspicions  had  been  aroused  by  their 
behavior,  and  with  much  coolness  and  judgment  he  soon 
extricated  his  command  from  its  perilous  position  with  a 


TIIK  NARRATIVE.  157 

loss  of  only  one  man  wounded,  two  men  missing  (after- 
wards reported),  and  live  horses  killed.     During  the  melee 
his  own  horse  was  killed  under  him.     Being  unable  to 
dislodge  the  Indians,  he  retired  to  the  place  where  his 
rear-guard  and  wagons  were  encamped,  and  dispatched  a 
courier  for  reinforcements.     Lieutenant-Colonel  Carr,  with 
companies  A,  B,  and  E,  started  from  Fort  Hays  on  the 
28th,  and,  having  joined  Captain  Hamilton,  marched  with 
him  to  the  scene  of  the  attack,  but  the  Cheyennes  had  fled 
during  the  night.     They  were  pursued  to  the  south  branch 
of  Pawnee  Creek,  where  they  separated  into  small  bands 
and  continued  their  retreat  south  of  the  Arkansas  River  ; 
and  as  it  was  evident  that  they  were  hastening  to  the  shel- 
ter of  their  reservation,  the  pursuit  was  abandoned.     It 
was  afterwards  ascertained  that  the  party  had  a  pass  for 
seven  men,  which  explained  their  treacherous  conduct  and 
subsequent  flight.     One  warrior  was  killed  and  others  were 
wounded  during  the  combat. 

In  May,  1876,  the  companies  in  the  field  were  recalled, 
and  orders  were  issued  directing  the  headquarters  and 
eight  companies  to  move  by  rail  to  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  for 
service  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte.  This  order  was 
not  unexpected,  as  the  northern  Sioux  and  other  disaffect- 
ed bands  under  Sitting  Bull  and  Crazy  Horse  were  in  a 
state  of  Avar,  and  the  troops  had  been  operating  against 
them  for  several  months.  The  headquarters  and  com- 
panies A,  B,  C,  D,  G,  I,  K,  and  M  were  moved,  early  in 
June,  from  their  respective  stations  to  Cheyenne,  and 
marched  thence  to  Fort  Laramie,  and  on  the  21st  the  bat- 
talion, under  Lieutenant-Colonel  Carr,  marched  towards 
the  Powder  River  trail  for  the  purpose  of  intercepting  and 
driving  back  the  almost  daily  reinforcements  and  stopping 
the  supplies  which  were  being  forwarded  to  the  enemy  in 
the  field  from  the  agencies  four  hundred  miles  to  the  south- 
east. It  was  subsequently  ascertained  that  not  less  than 
twenty-two  hundred  warriors  abandoned  the  Red  Cloud 
and  Spotted  Tail  agencies  during  the  Sioux  war  of  1876. 


158  THE   NARRATIVE. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  1st  of  July  Colonel  Merritfc,  who 
had  succeeded  Colonel  Emory,  retired  at  his  own  request, 
joined  and  assumed  command  of  the  regiment. 

On  the  3d  of  July  companies  I  and  K,  under  Captain 
Mason,  pursued  a  party  of  Cheyennes  about  thirty  miles 
and  compelled  them  to  abandon  the  supplies  which  they 
were  taking  to  the  enemy.  The  presence  of  the  regiment 
on  the  south  branch  of  the  Cheyenne  River  having  become 
known  to  the  Indians,  it  was  inarched  in  three  columrs 
to  Sage  Creek,  and  thence  en  masse  to  Raw  Hide  Creek, 
where  it  arrived  on  the  14th.  At  this  place  Company  C 
was  detached  for  patrol  duty  near  the  crossing  of  the 
Laramie  and  Red  Cloud  trail  on  Running  Water,  and  re- 
joined on  the  22d  at  Fort  Laramie. 

When  encamped  on  Raw  Hide  Creek  a  courier  arrived 
from  the  Red  Cloud  Agency  with  the  information  that 
eight  hundred  Cheyenne  warriors  had  started  to  join  Sit- 
ting Bull  and  Crazy  Horse.  Notwithstanding  the  regi- 
ment was  under  orders  to  march  without  delay  to  the  Big 
Horn  country,  Colonel  Merritt  assumed  the  responsibility 
of  making  an  effort  to  intercept  them.  He  started  at  one 
o'clock  p.m.  on  the  loth  and  made  a  forced  march  of 
eighty-five  miles  to  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  near  the 
crossing  of  the  Powder  River  trail,  where  he  arrived  at 
eight  o'clock  p.m.  on  the  16th,  and  on  the  morning  of  the 
17th  he  met  and  defeated  the  advance  of  the  Indians  and 
then  pursued  them  to  the  agency.  When  about  twenty- 
five  miles  north  of  Red  Cloud  it  was  discovered  that  the 
main  body  had  hastily  returned  to  the  reservation,  having 
been  warned  of  the  approach  of  the  troops  by  couriers 
who  had  been  dispatched  from  the  advance  party  which 
had  been  defeated. 

William  F.  Cody,  the  favorite  scout  of  the  regiment, 
was  conspicuous  in  the  affair  of  the  morning,  having  killed 
in  a  hand-to-hand  conflict  Yellow  Hand,  a  prominent  Chey- 
enne chief. 

This  rapid  inarch,  unexpected  attack,  and  vigorous  pur- 


THE   NARRATIVE.  159 

suit  defeated  the  plans  of  eight  hundred  Cheyenne  war- 
riors and  prevented  them  from  joining  the  enemy  in  the 
north.  The  regiment  then  marched  to  Fort  Laramie,  and 
on  the  23d  started  from  that  station  northward  to  join 
Brigadier-General  Crook. 

Meanwhile  orders  had  been  issued  for  the  companies  re- 
maining in  the  Department  of  the  Missouri  to  join  the 
companies  already  in  the  field,  and  accordingly  companies 
E,  F,  H,  and  L  moved  by  rail  about  the  middle  of  July 
from  their  respective  stations  to  Cheyenne,  and  marched 
thence  to  Chug  Water,  Wyo.,  where  dispatches  were  re- 
ceived directing  companies  H  and  L  to  take  temporary 
station  at  Fort  Robinson,    Neb.,   near    the   Red    Cloud 
Agency,  where  they  encamped  during  the  summer  and  fall 
months,  and  were  engaged  on  the  23d  of  October,  under 
Major  Gordon,  in  the  capture  of  Red  Leafs  (Sioux)  village 
on  Chadron  Creek,  Neb.    The  cap ture  included  for ty  lodges, 
fifty  warriors,  and  five  hundred  and  fifty  ponies,  and  this 
was  effected  without  bloodshed  on  either  side.     Companies 
E  and  F,   under  Captain  Price,  continued  the  march  to 
Fort  Fetterman,  and  thence  northward  by  forced  marches 
until  two  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  29th,  when  they  joined  the 
regiment  on  the  north  branch  of  the   South  Cheyenne 
River  after  a  march  of  only  seven  days  from  Cheyenne. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  3d  of  August  the  headquarters 
and  ten  companies  of  the  regiment— five  hundred  and 
thirty-five  ofiicers  and  men— rode  into  Brigadier-General 
Crook's  camp  on  Goose  Creek,  under  the  shadows  of  the 
Big  Horn  Mountains,  and  there  was  no  doubting  the  sin- 
cerity of  his  welcome  as  he  recognized  with  genial  smiles 
and  words  of  cordial  greeting  the  officers  and  men  who 
had  served  with  him  in  his  brilliant  Apache  campaigns. 

On  the  4th  of  August  the  organization  of  the  Big  Horn 
and  Yellowstone  expedition  of  187G  was  announced.  The 
cavalry  (Second,  Third,  and  Fifth)  were  organized  into  a 
brigade  of  five  battalions  with  five  companies  to  each 
battalion.     Colonel  Merritt  was  announced  as  chief  of  cav- 


160  THE  NARRATIVE. 

airy.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Carr  resumed  the  command  of 
tile  regiment,  which  he  retained  until  the  expedition  was 
disbanded.  Major  Upham  commanded  the  first  battalion, 
consisting  of  companies  A,  B,  G,  I,  and  M,  and  Major 
Mason,  recently  promoted  to  that  grade  in  the  Third  Cav- 
alry, continued  to  serve  with  the  regiment,  and  commanded, 
the  second  battalion,  consisting  of  companies  C,  D,  E,  F, 
and  K.  Lieutenant-Colonel  Royall  commanded  the  Second 
and  Third  Cavalry,  with  Major  Evans  and  Captains  INToyes 
and  Van  Yliet  as  battalion  commanders.  Ten  companies 
of  the  Fourth,  Ninth,  and  Fourteenth  Infantry  regiments 
were  commanded  by  Major  Chambers,  and  a  better  body 
of  officers  and  men  were  never  assembled  in  the  army. 
The  Crow  and  Shoshone  allies  were  commanded  by  Cap- 
tain Randall,  of  the  Twenty-third  Infantry,  and  the  vol- 
unteer scouts  were  in  charge  of  Major  Stanton,  of  the 
Pay  Department. 

The  order  of  movement  was  brief  and  simple  : 

"All  tents  and  camp  equipage,  bedding  and  baggage, 
except  articles  hereinafter  specified,  to  be  stored  in  the 
wagons,  and  wagons  to  be  turned  over  to  the  chief  quarter- 
master at  sunset.  Wagons  will  be  left  at  camp.  A  pack- 
train  of  mules  will  accompany  each  battalion  on  the  march, 
for  the  protection  of  which  the  battalion  will  be  held  re- 
sponsible. The  command  will  march  at  seven  o'clock  a.m. 
to-morrow  'prepared  for  action,'  and  company  commanders 
will  see  to  it  that  each  man  carries  with  him  on  his  person 
one  hundred  rounds  of  ammunition  ;  and  four  days'  rations, 
overcoat  and  one  blanket  on  the  saddle.  Fifty  rounds  addi- 
tional per  man  will  be  packed  on  mules.  Four  extra  horses, 
not  to  be  packed,  will  be  led  with  each  company.  Curry- 
combs and  brushes  will  be  left  in  wagons.  Special  instruc- 
tions for  action :  All  officers  and  non-commissioned  offi- 
cers to  take  constant  pains  to  prevent  wastage  of  ammu- 
nition." 

On  the  morning  of  the  5th  of  August,  at  the  appointed 


THE   NARRATIVE.  1G1 

hour,  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  marched 
from  Goose  Creek,  the  infantry  taking  the  advance  at  six 
o'clock  and  the  cavalry  following  an  hour  later.  The 
command  marched  down  Tongue  River  for  two  days,  and 
then  turned  north-west  and  crossed  the  Panther  Moun- 
tains to  the  Rosebud— the  favorite  cemetery  of  the  wild 
Sioux— and  down  the  valley  on  the  trail  over  which  Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel Custer,  of  the  Seventh  Cavalry,  made  his 
last  march  when  going  to  the  Little  Big  Horn,  until  the 
10th,  when  the  forces  under  General  Terry  were  met  thirty- 
five  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  stream,  but  the  enemy — 
had  disappeared. 

They  had  turned  eastward  from  the  valley  of  the  Rose- 
bud, at  the  place  where  the  forces  of  Generals  Terry  and 
Crook  had  united,  to  avoid  a  battle  with  the  troops,  who 
were  encamped  a  few  miles  below.  The  Indian  trail,  the 
largest  ever  seen  on  the  plains,  spread  out  like  a  fan  when 
it  reached  the  upland.  Sitting  Bull  and  his  allies  had  de- 
termined to  hasten  towards  the  Canada  line  and  seek  safe- 
ty on  foreign  soil.  The  Fifth  Infantry  was  at  once  faced 
about  and  marched  to  the  Yellowstone,  where  the  regi- 
ment was  embarked  on  steamboats  and  patrolled  the  river 
to  intercept,  if  possible,  the  retreat  of  the  savages. 

On  the  morning  of  the  11th  the  united  forces  crossed 
the  divide  to  Tongue  River  and  marched  down  the  valley 
on  the  trail  until  the  14th,  and  thence  across  the  divide 
to  Powder  River  and  down  the  valley  to  the  Yellowstone, 
where  they  arrived  on  the  17th  ;  but  it  wras  apparent  that 
the  Indians  had  separated  and  effected  their  escape.  Sit- 
ting Bull  was  moving  towards  the  Canada  line,  and  Crazy 
Horse  had  turned  towards  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota. 
Yiolent  rain-storms  had  added  greatly  to  the  discomforts 
of  the  troops,  who  were  unprepared  for  inclement  weather  ; 
but  they  had  plodded  on  through  the  mud  and  rain  with 
unfailing  good-humor,  although  there  was  not  a  man  who 
entertained  a  reasonable  hope  of  overtaking  the  Sioux. 
The  united  forces  rested  on  the  banks  of  the  Yellow- 
ll 


162  THE  NARRATIVE. 

stone  until  the  24th,  and  then  marched  up  Powder  River 
about  twenty  miles.  On  the  26th  General  Terry  returned 
to  the  Yellowstone,  and  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone 
expedition  marched  due  east  and  arrived  at  the  head  of 
Heart  River  on  the  5th  of  September.  The  rainfall  had 
been  incessant,  and  the  supplies  received  on  the  Yellow- 
stone were  nearly  exhausted — but  two  and  a  half  days' 
rations  of  bacon  and  hard-bread  remained  on  hand.  Mud 
and  water  reigned  supreme,  and  there  was  no  prospect  of 
catching  anything,  not  even  a  jack-rabbit. 

General  Crook  could  go  to  Fort  Abraham  Lincoln  for 
supplies,  but  if  he  did  so  he  would  consume  valuable 
time  and  leave  the  Black  Hills  in  a  defenseless  condition, 
as  all  the  Indian  trails  seemed  to  lead  in  that  direction  ; 
or  he  could  move  directly  south,  through  an  unknown 
country,  to  the  Black  Hills,  having  a  chance  to  strike  the 
Indians  en  route,  and  obtain  supplies  at  the  end  of  the 
march.  The  men  who  were  serving  their  first  campaign 
hoped  that  he  would  go  to  Fort  Abraham  Lincoln,  but 
those  who  had  served  in  other  campaigns  with  General 
Crook  believed  that  he  would  march  towards  the  Black 
Hills,  and  he  did.  It  was  useless  to  pursue  any  longer. 
He  could  only  hope  to  protect  by  the  presence  of  his  com- 
mand, as  the  Indians  had  scattered  to  every  point  of  the 
compass.  The  horses  were  leg-weary,  quite  a  number  had 
been  abandoned,  and  dismounted  cavalrymen  Avere  daily 
joining  the  infantry  battalion. 

On  the  morning  of  the  6th  of  September  the  expedition, 
numbering  two  thousand  men,  began  the  march  south,  by 
the  compass,  for  the  Black  Hills.  Much  could  be  written 
of  the  hardships  that  followed— of  the  lack  of  food  and 
shelter  in  pitiless  and  incessant  rain-storms,  and  the  weary 
marches  that  had  to  be  made  when  men  and  horses  were 
alike  exhausted  ;  but  it  is  simply  written  that  the  officers 
and  men,  subsisting  upon  wild  berries  and  horse-meat, 
plodded  along  for  days,  crossing  Cannon  Ball,  the  north 
and  south  branches  of  Grand  River,  and  Owl  and  Crow 


THE    NARRATIVE.  163 

creeks,    without  abandoning   the  determination  to    pull 
tkrough. 

On  the  night  of  the  7th  Captain  Mills  and  one  hundred 
and  fifty  men  of  the  Third  Cavalry,  mounted  on  the  most 
serviceable  horses  of  that  regiment,  pushed  ahead  for  the 
settlements  to  purchase  supplies  for  the  command.  Two 
days  later  a  courier  returned  with  the  news  that  Captain 
Mills  had  captured  Roman  Nose's  village  (Brule  Sioux) 
at  Slim  Bnttes,  but  that  he  was  in  great  danger  of  being 
overpowered  so  soon  as  the  escaped  warriors  could  return 
with  reinforcements.  It  was  wonderful  to  see  how  eagerly 
the  cavalry  pushed  forward  to  the  rescue,  and  at  eleven 
o'clock  a.m.  they  had  arrived  at  the  scene  of  action,  and 
not  much  behind  them  was  the  superb  infantry.  It  was  as- 
certained from  the  prisoners  that  Crazy  Horse,  with  three 
hundred  lodges,  was  about  twenty  miles  away,  but,  owing 
to  the  jaded  condition  of  the  men  and  horses,  it  was  im- 
possible to  make  a  demonstration  against  him  ;  but,  as 
was  fully  expected,  he  made  a  demonstration  against  the 
command  between  three  and  four  o'clock  p.m.  with  a  large 
force  of  warriors.  Quick  as  a  flash  of  lightning  the  men 
formed  a  magnificent  skirmish-line  around  the  camp  and 
enclosed  the  village,  prisoners,  horses,  and  captured  ponies; 
the  onslaught  of  the  enemy  was  greeted  with  ringing 
cheers.  The  men,  in  their  eagerness,  did  some  wild  shoot- 
ing at  the  beginning,  but  they  soon  settled  to  steady  work 
and  forgot  that  they  were  wet  and  hungry. 

Crazy  Horse  made  persistent  efforts  to  find  a  weak  place 
in  the  line  through  which  he  could  charge  and  recapture 
the  ponies  ;  but  his  efforts  were  of  no  avail,  and  he  retired 
at  nightfall,  having  been  completely  foiled  at  all  points. 
The  casualties  among  the  troops  did  not  exceed  twenty. 
The  enemy's  loss,  thought  to  be  quite  severe,  was  not  ascer- 
tained. While  the  combat  was  not  a  sanguinary  one,  it 
was  decidedly  picturesque,  and  as  the  twilight  fell  the 
skirmish-line  could  be  distinctly  traced  around  the  entire 
circle  by  the  flashes  from  the  muskets  and  carbines  as  they 


164  THE   NARRATIVE. 

were  discharged.  The  capture  of  the  village  at  daybreak 
was  a  Third  Cavalry  success,  but  the  entire  command  par- 
ticipated in  the  afternoon  skirmish  with  Crazy  Horse.  A 
Seventh  Cavalry  guidon,  Captain  Keogh's  gauntlets,  cav- 
alry saddles,  uniforms,  and  three  horses  belonging  to  the 
Seventh  Cavalry  were  found  in  the  village,  which  seemed 
to  prove  that  Roman  Nose  and  his  followers  had  parti- 
cipated in  Custer's  last  battle  on  the  Little  Big  Horn.  A 
quantity  of  dried  meat  and  four  hundred  ponies  were 
captured,  which  afforded  a  happy  change  from  the  horse- 
meat  upon  which  the  officers  and  men  had  been  subsist- 
ing for  several  days.  The  command  resumed  the  march 
next  morning,  leaving  the  first  battalion  of  the  regiment, 
under  Major  Upham,  to  destroy  the  village.  The  enemy 
renewed  the  attack  with  great  vigor  before  the  rear  of  the 
main  column  was  out  of  sight ;  but  after  receiving  a  severe 
punishment  they  withdrew,  and  nothing  more  was  seen  of 
them.  On  the  night  of  the  10th  Captain  Mills  was  again 
sent  forward  with  fifty  men,  who  were  mounted  on  the 
strongest  of  the  captured  ponies.  He  arrived  at  Crook  City 
without  accident  or  detention,  and  on  the  13th  started 
supplies  to  meet  the  command. 

The  march  of  the  12th  of  September— a  day  never  to  be 
forgotten— from  Owl  Creek  to  Crow  Creek  is  known  as  the 
"mud  march,"  during  which  scores  of  horses  were  aban- 
doned, and  starving  and  exhausted  men  despairingly  gave 
up  and  were  with  the  utmost  difficulty  persuaded  to 
proceed.  It  was  not  until  after  midnight  that  the  rear- 
guard (Company  I)  arrived  at  the  bivouac  on  Crow  Creek. 
On  the  morning  of  the  12th,  Major  Upham,  several  offi- 
cers, and  one  hundred  and  fifty  men  of  the  regiment 
were  detached,  with  two  ponies  for  rations,  to  examine  the 
country  east  of  the  command.  They  rejoined  on  the  Belle 
Fourche  on  the  14th,  having  lost  one  man  killed  by  the 
enemy. 

On  the  13th  of  September  the  weary  and  well-nigh  ex- 
hausted command  forded  the  Belle  Fourche  and  encamped 


THE   NAI1KATIVE. 


105 


in  a  beautiful  grove.  Pluck  had  won  the  race  against  star- 
vation, for  over  the  hills  came  a  herd  of  beef-cattle,  and 
a  few  minutes  later  a  number  of  supply-wagons  were  seen 
approaching  the  camp.  After  several  days  of  rest  in 
Whitewood  Valley  and  Centennial  Park  the  command 
moved  by  easy  marches  through  the  Black  Hills  to  Custer 
City,  and  encamped  in  that  vicinity  until  the  14th  of  Octo- 
ber, when  the  regiment,  with  detachments  of  the  Second 
and  Third  Cavalry,  aggregating  about  eight  hundred  offi- 
cers and  men,  under  Colonel  Merritt,  made  a  reconnais- 
sance down  the  south  branch  of  Cheyenne  River  to  the 
mouth  of  Rapid  Creek,  and  then  returned  to  the  crossing 
of  the  Custer  City  and  Red  Cloud  road,  near  Buffalo  Gap, 
and  proceeded  thence  to  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  where  the 
Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  was  disbanded  on 
the  24th  of  October,  and  in  a  farewell  order  General  Crook 
addressed  himself  to  the  officers  and  men  as  follows  : 

"  In  the  campaign  now  closed  he  has  been  obliged  to  call 
upon  you  for  much  hard  service  and  many  sacrifices  of 
personal  comfort.  At  times  you  have  been  out  of  reach 
of  your  base  of  supplies  in  most  inclement  weather,  and 
have  marched  without  food  and  sleep— without  shelter.  In 
your  engagements  you  have  evinced  a  high  order  of  disci- 
pline and  courage  ;  in  your  marches  wonderful  powers  of 
endurance  ;  and  in  your  deprivations  and  hardships  pa- 
tience and  fortitude. 

"  Indian  warfare  is  of  all  warfare  the  most  dangerous, 
the  most  trying,  and  the  most  thankless.  Not  recognized 
by  the  high  authority  of  the  United  States  Congress  as  war, 
it  still  possesses  for  you  the  disadvantages  of  civilized  war- 
fare with  all  the  horrible  accompaniments  that  barbarism 
can  invent  and  savages  can  execute.  In  it  you  are  required 
to  serve  without  the  incentive  to  promotion  or  recognition 
— in  truth,  without  favor  or  hope  of  reward. 

"The  people  of  our  sparsely-settled  frontier,  in  whose 
defense  this  war  is  waged,  have  but  little  influence  with 


166  TIIE   NAEEATIVE. 

the  powerful  communities  in  the  East ;  their  representa- 
tives have  little  voice  in  our  national  councils  ;  while  your 
savage  foes  are  not  only  the  wards  of  the  nation,  support- 
ed in  idleness,  but  objects  of  sympathy  with  large  num- 
bers of  people  otherwise  well  informed  and  discerning. 

"You  may,  therefore,  congratulate  yourselves  that  in 
the  performance  of  your  military  duty  you  have  been  on 
the  side  of  the  weak  against  the  strong,  and  that  the  few 
people  on  the  frontier  will  remember  your  efforts  with 
gratitude." 

Companies  H  and  L,  under  Major  Gordon,  set  out  from 
Fort  Robinson  on  the  1st  of  November  and  joined  the  ex- 
pedition under  Colonel  Mackenzie,  of  the  Fourth  Cavalry, 
at  Fort  Laramie,  and  then  marched  by  the  way  of  Fort 
Fetterman  to  the  Powder  River  country,  and  participated 
in  a  desperate  engagement  with  Dull  Knife's  band  of 
Cheyennes  at  Bates  Creek  (north  branch  of  Powder  River) 
on  the  25th,  which  continued  during  the  entire  day. 
The  troops  won  a  brilliant  victory  ;  killed  and  wounded  a 
large  number  of  warriors,  destroyed  the  village,  and  cap- 
tured eight  hundred  ponies. 

The  Sioux  campaigns  of  1876  were  marked  with  few  en- 
gagements, but  those  that  did  take  place  were  conspicuous 
for  the  desperateness  with  which  they  were  fought  and  the 
severe  losses  sustained.  Nearly  four  hundred  and  fifty 
officers  and  men  of  the  army  were  killed  and  wounded  dur- 
ing the  year.  The  Seventh  Cavalry  suffered  the  most  severe 
loss— fourteen  officers  and  two  hundred  and  forty- two  men 
killed  and  fifty-three  men  wounded.  The  enemy's  loss  is 
now  known  to  have  been  severe  at  the  Rosebud,  Little 
Big  Horn,  Slim  Buttes,  and  Bates  Creek.  But  the  far- 
reaching  results  of  the  campaigns  extended  beyond  the 
consideration  of  how  many  were  killed  and  wounded.  They 
led  to  the  disintegration  of  many  of  the  hostile  bands  of 
savages,  who  gladly  sought  safety  upon  the  reservations  and 
who  have  not  since  attempted  any  warlike  demonstrations. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

Operations  in  Northern  Wyoming — The  Wind  River  Expedition  of  1877 — Field 
Operations  of  1878-79,  including  the  Movement  against  the  hostile  Chey- 
ennes  in  Nebraska  and  the  Ute  Outbreak  in  Colorado. 

Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  Sioux  expeditions  of  1876 
the  regiment  was  assigned  to  stations  in  the  Department 
of  the  Platte. 

On  the  29th  of  May,  1877,  companies  A,  B,  H,  I,  and  L. 
under  Captain  Hamilton,  set  out  from  Fort  D.  A.  Rus- 
sell, Wye,  and  marched  to  Fort  Fetterman,  where  Com- 
pany L  was  detached  to  meet  Lieutenant-General  Sheri- 
dan at  Fort  Washakie  and  escort  him  across  the  country 
to  the  Yellowstone  River.  The  other  companies  pro- 
ceeded to  the  Big  Horn  country,  where  they  encamped. 
The  lieutenant-general  and  the  department  commander,  es- 
corted by  Company  L,  arrived  at  the  camp  on  Tongue  River 
on  the  17th  of  July  ;  and  on  the  19th  companies  A,  B,  and 
I,  under  Major  Hart  (who  had  joined  the  battalion  in  June), 
joined  the  escort  and  accompanied  the  distinguished  gen- 
erals to  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Big  Horn  River.  The  bat- 
talion was  employed  during  the  summer  in  making  recon- 
naissances along  the  north-east  base  of  the  Big  Horn  Moun- 
tains and  in  the  valleys  of  the  Little  Big  Horn,  Rosebud, 
Tongue,  and  Powder  rivers. 

Late  in  July  five  companies  were  moved  by  rail  to 
Omaha  and  Chicago  for  guard  and  patrol  duty  dining 
the  railway  riots  of  that  summer.  Colonel  Merritt,  Major 
Gordon,  and  companies  E  and  K  were  stationed  at  Omaha  ; 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Carr  and  companies  C,  Gr,  and  M  were 
stationed  at  Chicago.  The  companies  returned  to  their 
stations  during  August,  and  were  commended  by  the  de- 
partment commander  in  a  general   order  for  their  good 


168  THE  NARRATIVE. 

conduct,   soldierly  bearing,   and  strict  attention  to  duty 
while  employed  upon  this  important  service. 

It  was  reported  in  August  that  the  hostile  Nez  Perces 
intended  to  raid  upon  the  settlements  in  North- western 
Wyoming,  and  the  companies  serving  on  the  Union  Pacific 
Railway  were  moved  to  Green  River,  and  marched  thence 
to  Fort  Washakie,  where  they  arrived  on  the  6th  of  Sep- 
tember; and  on  the  8th  the  Wind  River  expedition, 
consisting  o£  the  headquarters  and  companies  C,  D,  E, 
F,  K,  and  M  (and  Company  K,  Third  Cavalry),  under 
Colonel  Merritt,  set  out  from  that  station  and  marched 
northward  to  the  vicinity  of  Heart  Mountain,  where  it  was 
joined  on  the  18th  by  the  battalion  which  had  been  oper- 
ating on  the  east  side  of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains.  It  was 
soon  ascertained  that  the  enemy  had  continued  their  re- 
treat down  Clark's  Fork,  with  the  troops  in  close  pursuit. 
The  expedition  then  returned  to  Fort  Washakie  (where 
companies  Gr  and  K  were  assigned),  and  marched  thence 
by  the  way  of  the  Sweetwater,  North  Platte  River,  and 
Fort  Fetterman,  to  Fort  Laramie,  where  it  was  disbanded 
on  the  23d  of  October. 

Companies  B,  F,  and  I,  under  Major  Hart,  set  out  from 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  January  6,  1878,  and  moved  by  rail 
to  Corinne,  Utah,  and  marched  thence  to  the  Ross  Fork 
Agency,  near  Fort  Hall,  Idaho ;  and  on  the  morning 
of  the  16th  they  participated  in  the 'capture  of  the  disaf- 
fected Bannacks,  who  had  threatened  hostilities  because 
one  of  their  number  had  been  arrested  on  a  charge  of  mur- 
der. The  villages  were  surrounded  at  daybreak,  and  the 
warriors,  who  were  completely  surprised,  surrendered  with 
their  arms  and  ponies,  and  a  threatened  Indian  war  was 
promptly  suppressed. 

The  headquarters  and  companies  A,  B,  D,  F,  and  M, 
under  Colonel  Merritt,  were  actively  employed  in  North- 
ern AVyoming  and  Western  Nebraska  during  the  summer 
and  fall  of  1878.  Companies  C,  E,  and  K  served  with  the 
battalion  until  July,   when  they  were  assigned  to   Fort 


THE   NARRATIVE.  169 

McKimiey  and  employed  in  the  construction  of  that 
post.  Companies  11  and  I  were  actively  employed  from 
June  to  November  against  the  hostile  Bannacks  in  Idaho 
and  Montana. 

Lieutenant  Bishop,  with  a  detachment  of  Company  G, 
set  out  from  Fort  Washakie  on  the  10th  of  September,  and, 
after  a  pursuit  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  overtook 
and  engaged  on  the  16th,  on  Buffalo  Fork  of  Snake  River, 
twenty  miles  south  of  Yellowstone  Lake,  a  party  of  hostile 
Bannacks.  He  killed  two  warriors  and  captured  twenty 
prisoners  and  fourteen  animals. 

Company  L,  under  Lieutenant  Davis,  participated  in 
October  in  the  pursuit,  through  the  sand-hills  of  North- 
western Nebraska,  of  Dull  Knife's  band  of  Cheyennes, 
who  were  making  their  memorable  flight  northward  from 
the  reservation  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

On  the  19th  of  January,  1879,  companies  A,  B,  D,  F,  T, 
and  M  set  out  from  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  to  intercept,  if  pos- 
sible, the  hostile  Cheyennes  who  were  reported  to  be  in 
North-western  Nebraska.  The  battalion  moved  by  the  way 
of  Forts  Laramie,  Robinson,  and  Sheridan  to  Harman's 
Ranch  on  the  Niobrara  River,  and  then  made  a  reconnais- 
sance through  the  sand-hills  about  the  head-waters  of 
Loupe  Fork ;  but  a  fall  of  snow  interfered  with  the  search 
and  finally  rendered  useless  any  further  efforts  to  find  the 
Indians.  The  battalion  abandoned  the  pursuit  and  re- 
joined its  station  on  the  28th  of  February,  having  made  a 
march  of  seven  hundred  miles  in  mid-winter. 

Company  G  was  employed  during  August,  September, 
and  October,  under  Lieutenant  Thomas,  on  escort  duty 
with  a  government  surveying  party  in  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park. 

An  outbreak  occurred  in  September,  1879,  at  the  White 
River  Agency  in  Colorado,  which  was  brought  about  by 
local  causes.  The  agent  wished  the  Utes  to  cultivate  the 
soil,  and  as  they  would  not  labor  an  issue  was  soon  raised 
between    them,    which    culminated  in   an   open    rupture 


170  THE   NARRATIVE. 

when  the  agent  attempted  to  plow  a  piece  of  land  which 
they  desired  to  preserve  for  grazing  purposes.  The  agent 
then  asked  for  military  assistance,  and  Major  Thornbnrgh, 
of  the  Fourth  Infantry,  who  was  commanding  Fort  Fred 
Steele,  Wyo.,  was  instructed  to  proceed  to  the  agency  with 
a  sufficient  force  and  restore  order.  When  it  came  to  the 
knowledge  of  the  Utes  that  troops  were  marching  towards 
the  agency  they  became  greatly  excited  and  threatened  to 
attack  the  soldiers  if  they  crossed  the  boundary  line  of 
the  reservation. 

On  the  19th  of  September  Captain  Payne,  with  com- 
panies D  and  F,  moved  by  rail  from  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  to 
Fort  Fred  Steele,  and  joined  Captain  Lawson's  company 
of  the  Third  Cavalry  and  Lieutenant  Price,  who  command- 
ed a  company  of  the  Fourth  Infantry,  and  on  the  21st  the 
troops,  under  Major  Thornbnrgh,  set  out  for  the  agency. 
The  infantry  company  was  detached  at  Fortification  Creek, 
and  encamped  to  await  further  orders.  The  command,  now 
reduced  to  six  officers  and  one  hundred  and  fifty-five  en- 
listed men,  then  marched  southward  to  Deer  Creek,  and 
encamped  on  the  28th.  A  number  of  the  Ute  chiefs 
visited  Major  Thornburgh  at  the  camps  on  Bear  River  and 
Williams'  Fork,  and  were  informed  that  he  was  going  to 
the  agency  for  the  sole  purpose  of  restoring  order,  and 
that  they  had  nothing  to  fear  from  the  presence  of  the 
soldiers.  Although  the  chiefs  were  dissatisfied  and  ob- 
jected to  the  presence  of  any  troops  at  their  agency,  they 
accepted  presents  from  the  officers  and  departed  with  pro- 
testations of  friendship. 

The  march  was  resumed  on  the  29th,  and  about  ten 
o'clock  a.m.  the  command  arrived  at  Milk  Creek,  about 
twenty  miles  north  of  the  agency.  At  this  place  Captains 
Payne  and  Lawson,  with  their  companies,  turned  off  the 
road,  taking  a  trail  that  led  to  the  left,  while  Company 
D,  under  Lieutenant  Paddock,  remained  with  the  wagon- 
train,  which  was  about  one  mile  to  the  rear.  There  was 
no  serious  apprehension  of  an  attack,  but  it  was  deemed 


THE  NAEEATIVE.  171 

prudent  to  advance  with  caution,  as  the  command  was  ap- 
proaching a  deep  canon  through  which  the  wagons  must 
pass.  Lieutenant  Cherry  was  in  the  advance  with  a  small 
escort,  and  while  passing  over  some  high  ground  dis- 
covered the  Indians  lying  in  ambush  along  the  ridges  that 
commanded  the  road.  With  a  quick  perception  of  the 
situation  he  turned  and  warned  the  companies,  and  the 
men  were  at  once  dismounted  and  deployed  as  skirmishers. 
Major  Thornburgh  and  Lieutenant  Cherry  then  rode  for- 
ward and  attempted  to  communicate  with  the  Utes,  but 
they  refused  to  talk  and  at  once  opened  a  rapid  and  gall- 
ing fire  upon  the  troops.  It  was  soon  apparent  that  the 
exposed  x^osition  of  the  troops  in  the  face  of  an  enemy  well 
armed  and  in  superior  force  was  untenable,  and  the  men 
were  directed  to  retire  slowly  and  effect  a  junction  with 
Company  D,  which  was  protecting  the  wagon-train.  The 
men  retired  in  excellent  order,  and  the  enemy,  having 
been  foiled  in  their  purpose  to  ambuscade  the  command, 
moved  around  the  left  flank  beyond  carbine  range,  and 
concentrated  on  a  knoll  to  the  left  of  and  commanding  the 
line  of  retreat,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  off  the  companies 
from  the  wagon-train,  which  had  begun  to  park  on  the 
right  bank  of  Milk  Creek.  Captain  Payne,  with  a  part  of 
his  compan}^,  charged  the  knoll  and  dispersed  the  enemy, 
and  then  retired  to  the  train  and  adopted  measures  for 
its  defense.  Major  Thornburgh  started  for  the  train  just 
as  Captain  Payne  made  the  charge,  and  was  shot  and 
instantly  killed  after  crossing  the  creek  and  within  five 
hundred  yards  of  the  wagons.  The  command  then  de- 
volved upon  Captain  Payne. 

The  train  was  parked  about  two  hundred  yards  from  the 
water — the  wagons  formed  the  north  side  of  a  corral  ellipti- 
cal in  shape,  its  long  axis  running  east  and  west.  The  south 
side  was  exposed  to  the  enemy,  who  massed  in  the  ravines 
along  the  stream  and  upon  the  heights,  and  made  a  de- 
termined effort  to  capture  and  destroy  the  train  before  the 
wagons  could  be  placed  in  a  position  for  defense.    A  num- 


172  THE  NARRATIVE. 

ber  of  wounded  animals  were  led  out  to  the  exposed  space 
and  shot  down,  thus  making  a  continuous  line  of  defense 
and  affording  a  cover  for  the  sharpshooters.  The  bedding, 
boxes,  and  sacks  of  grain  and  flour  were  then  taken  from 
the  wagons  and  used  for  breastworks,  and  in  a  short  time 
the  train  was  in  as  good  a  state  of  defense  as  the  means 
at  hand  would  permit.  In  the  meantime  Captain  Lawson 
and  Lieutenant  Cherry,  by  their  superb  fighting,  had  held 
the  enemy  in  check  until  this  much  had  been  accom- 
plished, when  they  entered  the  corral,  bringing  all  the 
wounded  with  them. 

The  enemy,  having  been  defeated  in  their  efforts  to 
prevent  the  concentration  of  the  command  and  the  park- 
ing of  the  train,  took  advantage  of  a  high  wind  and  set  lire 
to  the  tall  grass  and  sage-brush  down  the  creek.  An  agency 
supply-train  was  encamped  within  seventy-five  yards  of 
the  corral  and  commanded  the  approach  to  the  water,  and 
Captain  Pajnie,  fearing  that  under  cover  of  the  smoke  the 
enemy  might  make  a  lodgment  in  the  train,  ordered  the 
grass  on  the  north  side  to  be  fired,  and  in  a  short  time  the 
train  was  in  flames.  The  fire  which  had  been  started  down 
the  creek  now  approached  with  great  rapidity  and  threat- 
ened to  destroy  the  exposed  part  of  the  corral.  The  officers 
and  men  at  this  critical  moment,  when  the  enemy  made 
their  most  furious  attack,  displayed  great  courage.  Sever- 
al lives  were  lost  and  a  number  of  the  men  were  wounded, 
but  the  flames  were  extinguished  and  the  enemy  were 
again  repulsed.  From  this  time  (three  o'clock  p.m.)  until 
nightfall  the  enemy  kept  their  sharpshooters  at  work,  and 
three-fourths  of  the  animals  were  killed,  or  so  severely 
wounded  that  they  were  killed  b}r  the  troops.  At  dark 
the  enemy  charged  the  corral  and  delivered  volley  after 
volley.  They  finalhr  retired  with  a  loss  of  several  warriors, 
who  were  seen  to  fall  from  their  ponies. 

During  the  night  the  dead  animals  were  dragged  beyond 
the  corral,  a  full  supply  of  water  for  twenty-four  hours 
was  secured,  Dr.  Grimes  (wounded)  cared  for  the  wounded, 


THE    NARRATIVE.  173 

intrenchments  were  dug,  and  by  daybreak  the  corral  was 
in  a  good  condition  for  defense.  Captain  Payne,  twice 
wounded,  prepared  his  dispatches,  and  at  midnight  started 
couriers  to  Rawlins,  where  they  arrived  on  the  30th,  when 
news  of  the  disaster  first  reached  the  country. 

During  the  30th  the  enemy  kept  up  an  almost  incessant 
lire,  and  killed  all  the  animals  except  fourteen  mules. 
They  withdrew  at  nightfall,  and  renewed  the  attack  at 
daybreak. 

On  the  morning  of  the  2d  of  October  Captain  Dodge, 
with  Lieutenant  Hughes,  thirty-five  men  of  Company  D, 
Ninth  Cavalry,  and  four  citizens,  rode  into  the  besieged 
camp  after  a  forced  march  of  twenty-three  hours.  At 
Hayden's,  on  Bear  River,  a  courier  informed  Captain 
Dodge  of  the  disaster,  and  he  never  drew  rein  until  he 
rode  into  the  corral  just  at  daybreak  ;  before  dark  thir- 
ty-eight of  his  horses  were  killed  and  the  others  were 
wounded. 

Meanwhile  a  movement  of  troops  such  as  had  never 
been  witnessed  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  if,  in- 
deed, in  any  department,  was  in  progress.  The  troops  fair- 
ly leaped  to  the  emergency,  and,  moving  from  all  points 
with  the  utmost  dispatch,  rapidly  concentrated  at  Raw- 
lins, where  Colonel  Merritt  arrived  at  half-past  five  o'clock 
a.m.  of  the  2d  of  October  with  companies  A,  B,  I,  and  M 
of  the  regiment,  and  at  eleven  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  same 
day  he  began,  with  two  squadrons  of  cavalry  and  five  com- 
panies of  infantry,  what  has  been  appropriately  named 
"a  lightning  march"  of  one  hundred  and  seventy  miles 
to  Milk  Creek,  where  he  arrived  at  half -past  five  o'clock 
a.m.  of  the  5th,  and  raised  the  siege  and  dispersed  the 
enemy,  who  retreated  through  the  canon  towards  the 
agency. 

Companies  D  and  F  had  eight  men  killed,  two  officers 
(Captain  Payne  and  Lieutenant  Paddock)  and  fifteen  men 
wounded,  and  one  hundred  and  ten  horses  killed.  Captain 
Lawson  had  one  man  killed,  seventeen  men  wounded,  and 


174  THE   NARRATIVE. 

nearly  all  his  horses  were  killed.  The  wagon-master  and 
four  civilian  employes  were  killed,  as  were  also  nearly  all 
the  train-mules. 

The  commands  encamped  at  Milk  Creek  nntil  the  10th 
(other  troops  arriving  daily,  among  the  number  Company 
H  of  the  regiment),  when  companies  D  and  F,  with  Cap- 
tains Dodge's  and  Lawson's  companies,  moved  by  easy 
marches  to  Rawlins,  whence,  after  a  brief  delay,  they  were 
moved  by  rail  to  their  respective  stations. 

Colonel  Merritt,  with  six  companies  of  cavalry,  eight 
companies  of  infantry,  and  one  hundred  civilian  em- 
ployes—a total  force  of  about  seven  hundred  men — 
moved  southward  through  the  canon  to  White  River, 
arrived  at  the  agency  on  the  11th,  and  found  the  build- 
ings and  supplies  destroyed,  the  agent  and  his  employes 
murdered,  and  the  women  taken  into  captivity.  On  the 
morning  of  the  15th,  having  been  reinforced  with  four 
companies  of  the  Third  Cavalry  (leaving  six  companies  of 
the  Seventh  Infantry  at  the  encampment),  he  advanced 
towards  Grand  River,  and  was  near  the  head-waters  of 
Lone  Tree  Creek  when  a  courier  arrived  with  dispatches 
from  the  War  Department,  which  directed  him  to  suspend 
aggressive  operations,  as  the  Interior  Department  desired 
to  open  negotiations  with  the  savages.  He  accordingly 
returned  to  the  encampment  on  White  River,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  17th. 

Three  days  afterwards  Lieutenant  Hall,  accompanied  by 
Lieutenant  Weir,  of  the  Ordnance  Department,  and  six 
men,  set  out  on  a  reconnaissance  for  the  purpose  of  locat- 
ing a  practicable  wagon  route  to  Grand  River.  When  on 
Rifle  Creek,  about  twenty  miles  south  of  the  camp,  Lieu- 
tenant Weir  and  Paul  F.  A.  Hiimme  (formerly  a  sergeant- 
major  of  the  regiment)  left  Lieutenant  Hall,  against  his 
counsel,  to  follow  a  herd  of  black-tail  deer,  and  very  soon 
thereafter  they  were  killed  by  a  party  of  Utes.  Lieutenant 
Hall  heard  the  firing,  but  supposed  that  Weir  and  Hiimme 
were  shooting  deer,  until  he  observed  fresh  pony-tracks. 


THE   A  A  UK  ATI  VE.  175 

lie  tlien  turned  and  hastened  towards  the  place  where 
the  shots  had  been  fired,  and  as  lie  neared  it  a  party  of 
mounted  Indians  fired  upon  him.  He  at  once  sought 
shelter  for  his  men  and  horses  in  a  small  ravine  two  hun- 
dred yards  distant,  and  held  the  Indians  at  bay  until 
nightfall,  when  he  succeeded  in  escaping  from  them,  and 
arrived  at  the  encampment  about  nine  o'clock  p.m.  The 
battalion  of  the  regiment,  under  Major  Sumner,  was  im- 
mediately dispatched  to  Rifle  Creek  and  the  bodies  were 
recovered.  Lieutenant  Weir  was  shot  from  behind  and 
instantly  killed,  but  Humme  killed  a  warrior  before  he 
fell.  Lieutenant  Hall's  party  killed  and  wounded  several 
of  the  enemy. 

Colonel  Merritt  continued  in  command  until  the  22d 
of  November,  when,  with  his  headquarters,  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Compton,  and  all  the  cavalry  except  companies  A, 
H,  I,  and  M  of  the  regiment,  he  returned  to  Rawlins  and 
rejoined  his  station.  The  companies  named  continued  to 
serve  on  White  River  until  March,  1880.  Companies  C,  E, 
and  K,  under  Captain  Adam,  set  out  from  Fort  McKinney 
on  the  6th  of  October  and  marched  to  Rock  Creek,  and 
moved  thence  by  rail  to  Rawlins,  where  they  reported  for 
duty  to  Colonel  Brackett,  of  the  Third  Cavalry,  who  com- 
manded the  reserve  forces  of  the  Ute  expedition,  but  upon 
the  suspension  of  active  operations  they  were  ordered  to 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo. 

The  brilliant  services  performed  by  Colonel  Merritt, 
Captains  Payne,  Lawson,  and  Dodge,  and  the  lieutenants 
and  men  of  their  commands,  received,  as  they  deserved, 
the  highest  commendations,  while  the  alacrity  and  enthu- 
siasm with  which  the  troops  met  the  severe  demands  upon 
them  during  the  winter  of  1S79-80  were  a  source  of  pride 
to  the  whole  army. 

In  April,  1880,  the  regiment  was  assigned  to  stations  as 
follows:  the  headquarters  and  companies  A.  Gr,  I.  and  K 
to  Fort  Laramie  ;  companies  C  and  E  to  Fort  Sidney  :  com- 
panies B,  D,  and  F  to  Fort  Niobrara  ;  companies  II  and  L 


176  THE   NARRATIVE. 

to  Fort  Robinson;  and  Company  M  to  Fort  Sheridan. 
The  changes  made  in  these  assignments  to  the  present 
time  (March  3,  1883)  have  been  the  abandonment  of  Fort 
Sheridan  and  the  transfer  of  Company  M  to  Fort  Robin- 
son, the  transfer  of  the  regimental  headquarters  and  Com- 
pany L  to  Fort  Sidney,  the  transfer  of  Company  F  to  Fort 
D.  A.  Rnssell  and  thence  to  Fort  Sidney,  and  the  transfer 
of  companies  E  and  I  to  Fort  McKinney. 

Company  I,  under  Captain  Kellogg,  was  employed  dar- 
ing the  summer  of  1881  on  escort  duty  with  Lieutenant- 
General  Sheridan  through  the  Yellowstone  National  Park, 
and  companies  C,  E,  and  L,  under  Captain  Adam,  were 
employed  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  during  the  labor  disturbances 
in  March,  1882. 

The  regiment  has  been  unusually  quiet  during  the  past 
three  years,  and  the  officers  and  men  have  enjoyed  a  sea- 
son of  rest  from  Indian  campaigns,  in  which  there  is  plenty 
of  danger  and  hardship  without  hope  of  substantial  re- 
ward. 

The  narrative  is  completed  to  the  3d  of  March,  1883, 
and  it  is  believed  that  all  material  facts  pertaining  to  the 
history  of  the  regiment  have  been  presented. 


Part  Second. 


THE    MILITAET    EECOEDS 


Officers  of  the  Fifth  Regiment  of  Cavalry. 


"  Time  changes  all  things— most  of  all  that  little  world,  a  regiment.  Old  men  go, 
new  men  come ;  some  die,  others  exchange  ;  and  gradually  the  old  interests  fadeasa  new 
society  springs  up.  Men  who  have  heen  prominent  figures  in  the  regiment  become  but 
names  to  which  no  one  attaches  any  very  particular  ideas."—  Old  English  Story. 


12 


part  second. 

Military  Records  of  Officers. 


COLONELS. 

1.  Albert  S.  Johnston  was  born,  of  Scotch  ancestry,  in 
Mason  County,  Ky.,  February  2,  1803.  His  father  (John),  a 
physician  of  high  standing,  removed  from  Connecticut  to  Ken- 
tucky before  the  adoption  of  the  National  Constitution.  His  eld- 
est brother  (Josiah  Stoddard)  was  born  in  Connecticut  in  17S4  and 
removed  with  his  father  to  Kentucky,  subsequently  removed  to 
Louisiana,  and  in  1824  was  returned  from  that  State  to  the  United 
States  Senate  and  was  twice  re-elected.  Albert  Sidney  was  sent  at 
an  early  age  to  the  school  of  Dr.  Lewis  Marshall,  one  of  the  most 
learned  and  accomplished  scholars  of  his  day  and  a  brother  of 
Chief-Justice  Marshall.  He  was  afterwards  a  student  in  the 
Transylvania  University,  and  while  there  his  brother,  observing 
his  marked  inclination  for  a  military  life,  induced  him  to  accept 
an  appointment  to  West  Point.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Mili- 
tary Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  182G,  and  assigned  to  the  Second 
Infantry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Sixth  Infantry  April  4, 182-7.  Both  commissions 
gave  him  rank  from  the  day  he  was  graduated.  He  was  distin- 
guished for  his  attainments  in  mathematics  and  the  natural 
sciences.  He  obtained  during  his  stay  at  Transylvania  a  very 
thorough  training  in  the  Latin  classics,  and  an  acquaintance  with 
other  branches  of  learning  that  was  useful  to  him  later  in  life. 
Twenty-five  years  afterwards  he  read  and  construed  Sallust  with 
considerable  facility. 

Lieutenant  Johnston  visited   Washington  during  the   fall    of 


180  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

1826,  and  in  the  brilliant  and  polished  society  of  that  period  had 
his  first  experience  of  the  world.  He  was  a  guest  at  the  White 
House  and  at  Mr.  Clay's,  and  was  a  favorite  in  the  circle  of  fash- 
ionable life.  These  advantages,  however,  seemed  to  make  only 
a  slight  impression  upon  his  martial  nature,  which  craved  a  field 
of  action.  He  was  surprised  during  this  visit  by  an  offer  from 
General  Scott  to  make  him  an  aide-de-camp.  The  temptation  of 
such  a  brilliant  career  would  have  proved  irresistible  to  most 
men ;  but  nothing  could  deter  him  from  his  purpose  to  enter  at 
once  upon  the  more  practical  service  of  the  camp  and  the  fron- 
tier, and  win  his  advancement  by  meritorious  acts,  not  patronage. 
His  declination  of  the  offer  prejudiced  him  in  the  good  opinion  of 
General  Scott,  who  for  nearly  a  generation  regarded  him  with 
coolness ;  but  when  in  his  later  years  he  had  by  conspicuous  ser- 
vices won  the  entire  respect  of  the  commander-in-chief,  that  re- 
spect was  cordially  exhibited  with  the  largest  measure  of  official 
approbation.  This  incident  illustrates  both  his  theory  of  life  at 
that  time  and  the  unwillingness  to  owe  anything  to  favor  which 
characterized  him  throughout  his  career.  When  he  left  the  capital 
he  did  not  again  visit  it  for  thirty  years,  except  in  passing  through 
on  two  or  three  journeys.  He  served  at  Sackett's  Harbor,  N,  Y., 
until  May,  1827,  when  he  proceeded  to  Jefferson  Barracks  and  en- 
tered upon  the  usual  routine  of  garrison  duty,  which  was  varied 
in  August  and  September  by  a  participation  in  an  expedition  to 
compel  the  Winnebagoes  to  atone  for  outrages  committed  upon 
the  white  settlers.  He  was  the  adjutant  of  the  Sixth  Infantry 
from  September  14,  1828,  to  September  7,  1832  ;  possessed  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  the  regiment,  and  developed  at  that 
period  a  forbearance  in  judging  his  fellow-man  which  later  in  life 
became  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  traits  of  his  character. 

Lieutenant  Johnston's  first  active  service  was  during  the  Black 
Hawk  War  against  the  Sac  Indians.  He  accompanied  Brevet 
Brigadier-General  Henry  Atkinson,  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Infantry, 
who  commanded  the  United  States  forces,  as  an  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general.  He  was  commissioned  by  Governor  John  Rey- 
nolds as  an  assistant  adjutant-general  of  Illinois  volunteers,  May 
9,  1832.  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  and  held  the  position  until  Oc- 
tober 11,  1832.  This  rank  was  given  to  him  (as  it  was  to  several 
regular  officers)  in  order  to  secure  the  ready  obedience   of  the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  1S1 

Illinois  officers,  who  refused  to  obey  orders  received  through  stalT 
officers  of  less  rank  than  themselves,  lie  participated  in  the  batl  Le 
of  Bad  Axe  River,  August  2,  1832,  and  served  with  distinction 
throughout  the  campaign,  where  his  soldierly  qualities  were  appre- 
ciated and  commended  by  his  superior  officers,  who  accorded  him  a 
high  reputation  for  the  wise  and  successful  administration  of  the 
duties  of  his  office.  His  private  journal  of  the  operations  against 
Black  Hawk  was  fully  endorsed  by  General  Atkinson,  and  it  was 
accepted  by  the  historian  of  the  campaign  as  an  unquestionable 
authority. 

While  holding  his  volunteer  commission  he  accepted,  May 
8,  1832,  an  appointment  as  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  General 
Atkinson,  and  continued  in  the  duties  of  the  office  until  Octo- 
ber 31,  1833,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and 
subsequently  resigned  his  commission  in  the  Sixth  Infantry,  to  take 
effect  May  31,  1834.  He  was  impelled  to  this  course  because  of 
the  rapidly  failing  health  of  his  wife,  who  died  August  12,  1835. 
After  a  brief  resid-ence  on  his  farm  near  St.  Louis  he  removed  to 
Louisville  in  the  early  part  of  1836,  and  made  an  effort  to  secure 
the  consent  of  the  government  to  a  plan  which  he  had  in  view 
for  establishing  a  colony  in  the  Sioux  country,  but  it  was  not 
favorably  considered.  He  was  still  doubtful  as  to -his  future  when 
his  attention  was  drawn  to  the  struggle  in  progress  between  Texas 
and  Mexico,  and  later  his  sympathies  were  actively  enlisted  and 
he  gave  freely  from  his  resources  to  assist  the  Texans  in  their 
struggle;  and  finally,  when  the  United  States  government  had 
recognized  their  independence,  he  resolved  to  aid  them  in  person, 
and  without  further  delay  made  the  necessary  arrangements  and 
went  to  Texas.  Although  he  carried  with  him  testimonials  of  his 
personal  worth  and  military  ability,  addressed  to  the  leading  men 
of  Texas,  he  did  not  use  them. 

He  did  not  apply  for  any  position  in  the  Texan  army  and  had 
no  assurance  that  any  rank  or  command  would  be  offered  to 
him;  but  his  military  instincts  dominated  his  nature,  and  he  pro- 
ceeded to  General  Sam  Houston's  headquarters  a  few  days  after 
the  battle  of  San  Jacinto.  He  sympathized,  as  a  man  of  his  tem- 
perament naturally  would,  with  those  who  had  raised  in  Texas 
the  standard  of  resistance  against  Mexican  oppression  and  mis- 
government,  and  he  decided  to  extend  the  aid  of  his  genius,  char- 


182  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

acter,  and  acquirements  to  their  cause.  It  is  said  he  enlisted,  or 
enrolled  himself,  as  a  private  soldier  in  General  Rusk's  division. 
If  this  is  true  his  subsequent  career  with  that  army  reads  like 
the  story  of  the  field-marshals  under  the  First  Napoleon.  An 
authority  that  can  hardly  be  disputed  says,  "  General  John- 
ston entered  the  Texan  army  as  a  private  in  the  cavalry."  It 
was  not  inconsistent  with  his  character  to  enlist,  in  an  enthu- 
siastic spirit,  as  a  private  ;  but  it  is  not  probable  that  he  ever 
served  as  such,  for  another  excellent  authority  says  "  he  was 
never  borne  on  any  muster-roll  of  the  Texan  army."  Within 
thirty  days  after  his  arrival  he  was  appointed  by  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral T.  J.  Husk,  at  the  instance  of  Colonel  John  A.  Wharton, 
then  the  adjutant-general  of  the  army,  to  that  position  in  his 
stead,  as  Colonel  Wharton  was  compelled  to  resign  because  of  pri- 
vate business. 

His  commission  as  adjutant-general  and  colonel  of  the  Texan 
army  is  dated  August  5,  1836.  President  D.  G.  Burnet,  who  had 
been  advised  of  his  arrival,  appointed  him  on  the  same  day  a 
colonel  in  the  regular  army  and  assigned  him  to  the  duties  of 
adjutant-general  of  the  Republic,  and  on  the  9th  of  August  Gen- 
eral Sam  Houston,  the  commander-in-chief,  appointed  him  an 
aide-de-camp  with  the  rank  of  major.  He  at  once  devoted  him- 
self to  the  organization  and  tactical  instruction  of  the  army,  with 
such  marked  success  that  he  soon  won  the  commendations  of  the 
leaders  of  the  Republic.  He  exercised  the  functions  of  his  office 
until  the  16th  of  November,  when  he  was  ordered  to  New  Orleans 
in  the  service  of  the  government,  and  while  there  was  informed 
by  President  Sam  Houston  that  he  had  been  appointed  the  senior 
brigadier-general  of  the  army,  under  the  law  directing  a  reorgan- 
ization, to  rank  as  such  from  December  22,  1836.  He  arrived  at 
the  encampment  of  the  army  on  the  4th  of  February,  1837,  where 
he  relieved  Brigadier-General  Felix  Huston,  who  was  greatly  irri- 
tated by  this  act  of  President  Houston — which  was  not  altogether 
unexpected,  as  they  were  not  friendly.  General  Huston  Avas  a 
Kentuckian  of  rash  speech  and  impetuous  courage,  with  generous 
impulses,  who  had  adventured  with  others  into  Texas,  and  by 
shrewd  management  had  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  army 
after  President  Houston  (then  commander-in-chief)  had  been  dis- 
abled  by   a   wound  received   at   San   Jacinto.     He  regarded  his 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  183 

supersedure  as  a  personal  affront,  and  publicly  declared  that  the 
officer  who  relieved  him  would  do  so  at  his  peril.  This  threat, 
looked  upon  as  quite  serious,  did  not  deter  General  Johnston  from 
accepting  the  appointment.  He  was  courteously  received  by  Gen- 
eral Huston,  who  turned  over  the  command  with  marked  civility, 
and  immediately  thereafter  sent  him  a  formal  challenge,  which 
was  promptly  accepted.  They  met  on  the  Navidad  the  next 
morning,  when  General  Huston,  in  accordance  with  established 
usage  and  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  as  inconspicuous  a 
mark  as  possible,  buttoned  his  coat  as  he  took  his  position  ;  but 
General  Johnston  quietly  laid  aside  coat  and  vest  and  bound  a  yel- 
low sash  around  his  waist,  thus  offering  himself  as  a  perfect  target. 
General  Huston,  not  caring  to  be  outdone  in  cool  audacity,  fol- 
lowed the  example,  and  five  shots  were  exchanged  without  injury 
to  either  party,  although  General  Huston  was  skilled  in  the  us*e  of 
a  pistol.  At  the  sixth  shot  General  Johnston  fell  with  a  ball 
through  his  hip,  which  permanently  lamed  him.  It  was  feared 
that  he  was  mortally  wounded,  and  his  friend  declared  the  matter 
should  not  end  there,  when  General  Johnston  at  once  said :  "  It 
is  my  request,  in  the  event  of  my  death,  that  you  shall  yield  obedi- 
ence to  my  second  in  command,  General  Huston,  and  I  trust  that 
you  will  not  promote  a  spirit  of  insubordination."  General  Huston 
bitterly  reproached  himself  for  his  conduct,  and,  when  his  oppo- 
nent fell,  asked  permission  to  approach  and  express  his  keen 
regret  for  the  occurrence.  He  afterwards  became  General  John- 
ston's devoted  friend  and  always  spoke  of  him  in  terms  of  the 
highest  respect  and  consideration. 

The  duel  created  a  great  excitement  in  the  Texan  army.  It 
will  be  remembered,  when  the  Texans  were  fighting  for  their  in- 
dependence, that  the  officers  and  men  were  much  alike  and  rules 
of  discipline  were  not  strictly  enforced.  The  result  of  the  duel 
was  to  effect  a  complete  change  in  the  sentiment  of  the  army  and 
in  favor  of  General  Johnston,  who  received  from  the  President 
and  Secretary  of  War  perfunctory  reprimands,  to  which  were 
added  assurances  of  esteem  and  confidence.  General  Huston  ac- 
cepted the  situation  and  served  under  General  Johnston  as  second 
in  command. 

It  is  due  to  General  Johnston  to  say  that  he  regarded  an 
acceptance  of  the  challenge  as  a  public  duty,  but  that  he  had 


184  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

little  respect  for  the  practice  of  dueling.  He  once  explained, 
when  speaking  of  the  matter,  that  he  believed  the  safety  of  the 
Republic  of  Texas  depended  upon  the  efficiency  of  the  army,  and 
that  again  upon  the  discipline  and  subordination  of  the  troops, 
which  could  only  be  secured  by  prompt  and  cheerful  obedience  to 
their  lawful  commander.  "  General  Huston,"  he  said,  "embodied 
the  lawless  spirit  in  the  army,  which  had  to  be  met  and  controlled 
at  whatever  personal  peril,"  and  he  "could  not  have  held  the 
command  of  the  army  for  one  hour  if  he  had  shown  the  least 
hesitation  in  meeting  him."  He  undoubtedly  believed  this  and 
"yielded  to  the  force  of  imperious  sentiment."  But  if  he  had 
been  killed  the  principle  of  insubordination  he  ventured  his  life 
to  suppress  would  have  completely  triumphed.  The  precedent 
of  accepting  a  challenge  to  mortal  combat  from  a  subordinate 
officer,  for  no  other  cause  than  his  supersedure  in  command, 
cannot  be  too  severely  condemned.  Yet  some  concession  must 
be  granted  to  the  peculiar  situation  in  which  General  Johnston 
was  placed. 

General  Johnston  was  appointed  Secretary  of  War,  December 
16,  1838,  by  President  M.  B.  Lamar,  and  while  occupying  this 
position  organized,  in  1839,  an  expedition  against  the  Cherokees, 
and  was  present  at  the  decisive  engagement  on  the  Nueces  River, 
where  the  enemy,  seven  hundred  strong,  were  defeated  by  the  Texan 
troops.  He  displayed  in  the  War  Department  the  skill  of  a  sol- 
dier combined  with  the  ability  and  discretion  of  a  civilian.  He  re- 
tired from  the  position  in  February,  1840,  during  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Lamar,  carrying  with  him  the  confidence  and 
admiration  of  the  people,  lie  then,  at  the  age  of  thirty-seven 
years,  proposed  to  devote  himself  to  planting  on  the  Brazos  River, 
in  Brazoria  County,  Texas,  and  returned  to  Kentucky  and  Mis- 
souri for  the  purpose  of  selling  his  real  estate  with  the  view  of 
re-investing  the  proceeds  in  the  China  Grove  plantation.  Dur- 
ing this  period  he  was  urged  by  many  leading  citizens  to  stand 
as  a  candidate  for  the  presidency  of  Texas,  as  the  only  man 
around  whom  all  the  opposition  against  General  Sam  Houston 
could  be  rallied ;  but  he  utterly  refused  the  use  of  his  name 
against  his  old  friend  Judge  Burnet,  who  was  at  that  time  the 
vice-president  and  a  candidate  for  the  succession.  While  in 
Kentucky  he  was  married,  at  Lynch  Station,  near  Shelbyville,  Oc- 


MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  185 

tober  3,  1843.     He  then  returned  to  Texas  and  became  an  ardent 
and  enthusiastic  advocate  of  annexation  to  the  United  States,  and 
exerted  all  his  influence,  which  was  very  great,  to  secure  its  con- 
summation.     In  other  respects   he  remained  quietly  withdrawn 
from  public  life  until  the  beginning  of  the  war  with  Mexico,  when 
General  Taylor  requested  his  presence  at  Point  Isabel,     lie  at  once 
volunteered  as  a  private  soldier,  collected  a  few  friends,  appointed 
a  rendezvous  at  Point  Isabel,  and,  as  there  were  no  vessels,  mount- 
ed his  horse  and  joined  the  general,  and  was  elected,  July  8,  1846, 
colonel  of  the  First  Texas  Rifle  Volunteers ;  but,  the  term  of  en- 
listment being  for  three  months,  the  regiment  was  disbanded  at 
Camargo  on  the  24th  of  August.     Being  unwilling  to  leave  the 
scene  of  active  operations,  General  Taylor  appointed  him,  Septem- 
ber 1,  1846,  acting  inspector-general  (with  the  rank  of  colonel)  for 
the  field  division  of  volunteers  under  Major-General  William  0. 
Butler,  and  in  this  capacity  he  took  an  active  and  distinguished 
part   in    the  operations  about,   and   the  storming  of,   Monterey, 
where  his  horse  was  thrice  wounded.     He  was  thanked  by  General 
Butler  in  official  dispatches  for  his  conduct  upon  that  memorable 
occasion,  and  was  urged  by  Generals  Taylor  and  Butler  for  an 
appointment  as  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.     General  Hooker, 
in  a  letter  dated  June  3,  1875,  written  to  a  son  of  General  John- 
ston, says:  "The  coolness  and  magnificent  presence  your  father 
displayed  at  Monterey  left  an  impression  upon  my  mind  that  I  have 
never  forgotten."     The  government  held  (and  properly  so)  that 
General  Taylor's  act  assigning  General  Johnston  to  duty  with  the 
army  as  an  acting  inspector-general  gave  him  no  legal  status.     He 
was  accordingly  discharged  from  the  position,  without  pay,  Oc- 
tober 1,  1846,  and  returned  with  great  reluctance  to  his  planting 
business  on  the  Brazos  River. 

When  General  Taylor  became  President  he  appointed  him 
(October  31,  1849)  a  paymaster  in  the  army  with  the  rank  of  ma- 
jor. He  continued  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  position, 
principally  in  Texas,  until  the  organization  of  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  when  the  President  appointed  him  the  colonel 
of  the  regiment,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855. 

After  the  annexation  of  Texas  his  great  desire  was  to  return  to 
the  regular  army,  lie  took  little  interest  in  anything  except  mili- 
tary affairs,  but  as  there  was  no  increase  of  the  regular  establish- 


186  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ment  his  only  chance  was  in  the  Pay  Department ;  and,  while  his 
first  appointment  was,  under  the  circumstances,  very  gratifying, 
he  was  delighted  beyond  measure  when  appointed  the  colonel  of 
the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  which  was  due  to  the  unanimous 
recommendation  of  the  Texas  Legislature,  the  strong  friendship 
and  influence  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  the  personal  knowledge 
the  President  had  of  his  fitness  for  the  position,  and  he  expressed 
himself  as  the  most  contented  man  in  the  United  States. 

Colonel  Johnston  assumed  the  command  of  the  regiment  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  on  the  28th  of  May,  1855,  and  was  appointed  in 
July  a  member  of  a  Cavalry  Equipment  Board,  the  proceedings  of 
which  were  formulated  in  orders  to  the  army.  He  was  then  as- 
signed to  general  court-martial  duty  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  re- 
joined the  regiment  at  Jefferson  Barracks  in  October  and  con- 
ducted it  to  Fort  Belknap,  Texas,  whence  he  marched  with  the 
headquarters  and  six  companies  to  Fort  Mason,  where  he  arrived 
January  14,  185G.  He  was  assigned,  April  1,  185G,  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Department  of  Texas,  which  he  retained  until  May 
18,  1857,  when  he  was  relieved  by  General  David  E.  Twiggs.  He 
directed  the  field  operations  of  the  troops,  and  his  good  manage- 
ment was  shown  in  the  successes  achieved  and  the  comparative 
quiet  enjoyed  by  the  settlers  upon  that  distant  frontier.  His  uni- 
form dignity  of  manner  made  him  always  conspicuous  without 
any  effort  on  his  part,  and  he  enjoyed  the  esteem  and  confidence  of 
all  classes  of  citizens.  He  had  never  entered  into  any  of  their 
quarrels,  and  he  probably  had  more  influence  over  them  than  any 
officer  who  had  ever  been  in  the  State.  This  was  due  to  his  fine 
sense  of  justice,  and  the  good  judgment  which  enabled  him  to  avoid 
disagreeable  controversies.  He  was  a  model  regimental  com- 
mander— always  just,  quite  practical,  quick  in  decision,  and  not 
afraid  of  responsibility.  In  all  matters  where  his  military  rights 
were  involved  he  was  exacting.  In  his  social  relations  he  wras  a 
generous  man.  When  he  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  he  found  only 
three  small  buildings,  each  containing  two  rooms.  He  had  his 
wife  and  three  children  with  him,  but  he  took  only  one  room  in 
one  of  the  houses,  giving  up  the  other  to  one  of  the  married  offi- 
cers. This  unselfish  spirit  was  manifested  at  all  times  during  his 
service  with  the  regiment. 

When  Colonel  Johnston  was  relieved  from  the  command  of  the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  187 

regiment,  July  28,  1857,  it  was  for  the  purpose  of  assigning  him 
to  distant  service.  He  repaired  to  Washington  and  there  received, 
late  in  August,  his  orders  as  follows  : 

"It  being  deemed  inadvisable  to  detach  Brevet  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Harney  from  service  in  Kansas,  Colonel  A.  S.  Johnston,  Second 
Cavalry,  is  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Utah  expedition,  and 
will  proceed  to  join  the  same  without  delay." 

While  it  is  not  the  intention  to  present  here  a  narrative  of  the 
causes  which  led  to  the  Mormon  rebellion,  it  may  he  stated  that  the 
leaders  of  that  people  had  established  a  theocracy  as  absolute  as  any 
ever  recorded  in  history.  They  did  not  want  officials  who  were  not 
of  their  faith,  and  they  would  not  tolerate  those  who  were  unwilling 
to  execute  their  behests.  They  resented  all  efforts  to  assert  the 
national  authority,  and  only  permitted  a  semblance  thereof  upon 
the  tacit  agreement  that  the  real  sovereignty  should  remain  with 
their  chief  leader  as  territorial  governor.  Overt  acts  of  treason 
were  committed,  until  finally  the  third  set  of  judges  and  other 
officials  were  compelled  to  leave  the  Territory.  The  President, 
having  determined  to  end  this  conflict  of  authority,  appointed  new 
officials,  and  ordered  a  military  force  to  protect  them  from  the  vio- 
lence shown  their  predecessors,  and  act  as  a  posse  comitatus,  if 
necessary,  in  the  execution  of  the  laws.  When  the  news  of  this 
action  reached  Salt  Lake  City,  in  Jul)-,  it  produced  a  great  ex- 
citement. The  leaders  prepared  to  resist  the  government,  and 
proclaimed  that  the  troops  should  not  enter  Salt  Lake  Valley. 
The  natural  resources  and  mountain  fastnesses  of  Utah  seemed  to 
make  the  Territory  an  impregnable  stronghold.  The  government 
had  expected  turbulence  in  the  settlement  of  the  question  of  au- 
thority, but  it  had  not  anticipated  an  armed  rebellion  ;  the  season 
was  far  advanced  before  the  troops  began  the  march,  and  then  they 
moved  forward  in  an  irregular  manner  and  without  any  definite 
plan. 

Colonel  Johnston  was  not  personally  known  to  the  President, 
nor  was  he  at  that  time  a  leading  favorite  with  the  general-in- 
chief,  who  had  expressed  the  opinion  in  1855  that  the  positions  of 
Johnston  and  Lee  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  should  have 
been  reversed,  although  the  appointments  were  good.      Colonel 


188  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Johnston  had  yet  to  win  a  cordial  exhibition  of  entire  respect 
from  General  Scott ;  but  a  more  judicious  selection  for  the  unac- 
ceptable service  could  not  have  been  made.  It  was  too  late  for 
him  to  organize  the  expedition.  He  could  only  hasten  to  the  front 
and  correct  any  errors  that  had  been  committed  and  guard  against 
disasters.  He  proceeded  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  set  out  from  that, 
place  about  the  middle  of  September  with  a  selected  escort  from  the 
Second  Dragoons,  and  moved  with  such  celerity  that  he  arrived  at 
South  Pass — nine  hundred  and  twenty  miles — in  twenty-seven 
days.  His  troops  and  supplies  were  stretched  over  nearly  one 
thousand  miles  of  road  between  Fort  Kearney  and  Salt  Lake. 
Fears  were  entertained  that  if  the  troops  succeeded  in  reaching 
their  destination  it  would  only  be  by  abandoning  the  greater  part  of 
their  supplies  and  endangering  the  lives  of  many  men  by  exposure 
to  the  winter  storms  of  the  Kocky  Mountains.  He  determined  to 
reach  his  destination  and  secure  the  expedition  against  such  a 
calamity,  which  the  rapidly  approaching  winter  was  threatening. 
Before  he  arrived  at  Fort  Laramie  the  enemy  had  moved  to  the 
rear  of  Colonel  Alexander's  command  and  destroyed  a  supply-train 
numbering  seventy-five  wagons.  He  pushed  forward  reinforce- 
ments to  the  remaining  trains,  but  the  teamsters  became  frightened 
.•and  delayed  progress.  His  presence  on  the  road,  however,  restored 
confidence  and  encouraged  the  timid,  while  the  trains,  now  as- 
sured of  protection,  moved  forward  with  more  dispatch.  He 
finally  joined  the  expedition,  in  November,  on  Ham's  Fork  of 
•Green  River,  Utah,  and,  moving  to  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Bridger, 
established  his  winter  quarters  on  Henry's  Fork  of  Green  River. 

Colonel  Johnston  was  subjected  to  the  severest  test  of  soldierly 
qualities  during  this  extraordinary  march.  In  the  presence  of  an 
unexpected  enemy,  and  threatened  by  the  storms  of  an  unusually 
inclement  season,  he  gathered  his  widely  separated  detachments 
into  a  compact  army  and  secured  them  in  a  place  of  comparative 
safety.  He  won  a  victory  over  the  elements  and  contended  against 
a  winter  more  formidable  than  the  enemy  he  was  dispatched  to 
conquer.  The  mountain-passes  were  filled  with  snow,  rendering 
progress  simply  impossible.  His  animals  died  by  hundreds  and 
his  men  endured  severe  hardships.  He  was  remote  from  supplies 
and  assistance,  and  his  condition  attracted  an  interest  of  no  ordi- 
nary character  throughout  the  country.     In  the  face  of  all  these 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  189 

obstacles  his  administration  of  affairs  was  successful  and  the  re- 
sults in  every  respect  satisfactory  to  his  superiors.  By  a  firm  and 
judicious  exercise  of  the  powers  intrusted  to  him  he  so  far  settled 
the  difficulties  by  the  spring  of  1858  that  the  surveillance  of  mili- 
tary authority  was  no  longer  necessary;  for  when  the  Mormon 
leaders  beheld  his  army  fed,  sheltered,  and  ready  for  field-service 
as  soon  as  the  season  opened,  their  hearts  failed  them,  and,  catch- 
ing at  the  amnesty  proclamation  of  the  President,  they  made  their 
submission  and  surrendered,  to  the  lawfully  appointed  officers,  the 
civil  functions  of  the  Territory. 

General  P.  F.  Smith  was  assigned  in  April  to  the  command  of 
the  Department  of  Utah.  Colonel  Johnston,  who  had.  been  ap- 
pointed a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  November  18, 
1857,  for  meritorious  conduct  in  the  ability,  zeal,  energy,  and 
prudence  displayed  by  him  in  command  of  the  army  in  Utah,  was 
also  assigned  to  duty  in  the  department  according  to  his  brevet 
rank,  in  anticipation  of  the  arrival  of  the  regiment ;  but  the 
changed  condition  of  affairs  in  Utah  rendered  unnecessary  so  large 
a  force,  as  was  at  first  anticipated,  and  resulted  in  an  absolute  re- 
vocation of  the  orders  after  the  regiment  had  been  concentrated 
near  Fort  Belknap.  He  then  requested  an  order  returning  him  to 
duty  with  it;  but  the  sudden  death  of  General  Smith  while  pre- 
paring to  march  with  the  reinforcements  to  Utah,  and  the  trans- 
fer of  General  Harney  to  St.  Louis,  changed  the  plans,  and  in  June 
Colonel  Johnston  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  department. 
The  general-in  chief,  having  been  informed  of  the  arrival  of  the 
troops  at  their  destination  in  Salt  Lake  Valley,  commended  them 
in  a  general  order  for  their  exemplary  conduct  under  the  trying 
circumstances  in  which  they  had  been  placed,  and  closed  his  order 
with  the  following  graceful  and  merited  tribute  :  "  Brevet  Briga- 
dier-General Johnston  has  had  the  honor  to  be  supported  by  officers 
of  great  intelligence,  zeal,  and  experience.  Yet  it  is  not  to  be 
doubted  that  to  his  own  high  soldierly  qualities,  untiring  exertions, 
tact,  and  sound  judgment  the  credit  for  the  condition  and  high 
tone  of  his  army  is  pre-eminently  due." 

And  thus,  after  a  lapse  of  thirty- two  years,  General  Scott  for- 
gave the  decision  of  the  young  subaltern,  recognized  fully  the 
successes  of  his  mature  manhood,  and  freely  gave  him  the  largest 
measure  of  'official  approbation.     He  continued  in  command  of  the 


190  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Department  of  Utah  until  the  forces  there  stationed  were  ordered, 
in  March,  18G0,  to  be  reduced.  He  was  instructed,  after  arrang- 
ing the  details  for  the  movements  of  the  troops,  to  consider  himself 
relieved  and  then  report  in  person  at  the  War  Department.  He 
proceeded  East  about  the  1st  of  June,  and  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence.  He  was  then  selected  by  the  Secretary  of  War 
to  command  the  South-western  Department ;  but,  for  personal 
reasons  having  reference  to  the  disturbed  condition  of  the  country, 
he  did  not  wish  to  go  there,  and  made  up  his  mind  to  resign  rather 
than  do  so.  He  placed  his  preferences  for  California  before  the 
Secretary,  and,  aided  by  the  influence  of  General  Scott,  was  as- 
signed in  November  to  the  Pacific  coast.  He  proceeded  to  San 
Francisco,  and  on  January  15,  1861,  assumed  command  of  the 
Department  of  the  Pacific,  which  had  been  created  by  the  con- 
solidation of  the  departments  of  California  and  Oregon. 

About  this  time  a  number  of  highly  influential  citizens 
planned  to  bring  his  name  before  the  country  as  a  candidate  for 
President.  A  lengthy  and  interesting  correspondence  followed,  in 
which  were  displayed  his  well-balanced  mind  and  sound  practical 
judgment.  The  following  excerpts  from  his  letters  are  sufficient 
to  illustrate  his  opinions  concerning  the  proposition  : 

"Your  partiality,  my  friend,  would  draw  me  from  a  vocation 
and  duties  for  which,  from  my  education  and  taste,  I  have,  I  be- 
lieve, some  qualification,  to  place  me  upon  an  arena  which,  with 
my  views  of  it,  would  seem  to  demand  a  life-long  familiarity  with 
the  objects  and  operations  of  our  institutions  to  do  justice  to  the 
requirements  of  so  responsible  a  position.  I  will  not  consent,  but 
will  rather  imitate  your  own  example  when  civic  honors  were  offered 
to  you." 

And  again  : 

"If  I  had  you  to  write  my  answer  declining  the  proffered 
honor,  if  by  any  chance  it  should  be  offered,  I  could,  by  displaying 
the  folly  of  our  people  in  selecting  men  for  public  office  without 
any  regard  to  their  fitness  by  education  and  training  for  the  par- 
ticular duties  they  are  called  upon  to  perform,  more  entitle  myself 
to  their  good  opinion  than  by  accepting.     My  education,  my  taste, 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  191 

and  my  ambition,  if  I  have  any,  would  find  nothing  congenial  in 
the  performance  of  the  duties  of  a  civil  office.  If  success  were 
certain  I  still  have  honor  and  patriotism  enough  to  say  that  there 
are  others  much  more  capable  and  more  fit  for  the  station,  who 
ought  to  have  precedence." 

The  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  found  Colonel 
Johnston  (assigned  on  his  brevet  rank)  in  command  of  the  Pa^ 
cific  States.  While  he  was  not  a  politician,  he  was  committed  to 
the  doctrine  of  State  allegiance.  He  declined  the  command  of 
the  South-western  Department  because  he  held,  if  Texas  should 
secede,  that  he  would  be  bound  in  honor  to  surrender  the  public 
property  intrusted  to  his  care  to  the  National  authorities.  He 
was  incapable  of  betraying  a  trust ;  but,  being  persuaded  that  his 
adopted  State  had  a  paramount  claim  upon  him,  he  would  not  con- 
sent to  be  placed  in  a  position  where  he  might  be  compelled  to  an- 
tagonize it.  The  letters  written  by  him  about  this  time  show  that 
he  viewed  with  alarm  the  threatened  dissolution  of  the  National 
Union.  It  is  believed  by  many  who  are  familiar  with  his  views 
that  he  asked  for  an  assignment  to  the  Department  of  the  Pacific, 
so  as  to  be  removed  from  any  participation  in  the  impending  issue. 
It  was  his  openly  avowed  judgment  that  the  sword  was  not  the 
remedy  for  the  existing  difficulties,  and  he  always  congratulated 
himself  that  he  had  never  contributed  in  any  way  to  bring  on  the 
conflict. 

When  he  learned  that  Texas  had  seeded  he  tendered  his  resig- 
nation, April  9,  1861,  and  it  was  accepted  May  3,  1861.  He  was 
relieved  from  command  by  Brigadier-General  Edwin  V.  Sumner 
April  25,  1861,  and  thus  was  severed  for  ever  his  connection  with 
the  United  States  army.  A  dictionary  of  American  biography 
charges  him  with  having  engaged  in  a  conspiracy  to  surrender  the 
State  of  California  to  the  Confederates,  the  consummation  of 
which  was  only  frustrated  by  the  timely  arrival  of  his  successor 
in  command.  No  statement  could  be  further  from  the  truth. 
When  he  was  informed  that  a  plot  existed  to  seize  Alcatraz  he 
removed  several  thousand  muskets  from  the  Benicia  arsenal,  where 
they  were  greatly  exposed,  to  the  island,  and  then  informed  the 
governor  that  they  could  be  used,  if  necessary,  by  the  State  militia 
to  suppress  insurrection.     His  integrity  was  so  universally  recog- 


192  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

nized  that  lie  was  not  approached  upon  the  subject  of  establishing 
a  Pacific  republic,  which  was  favored  by  many  in  the  event  of  a 
dissolution  of  the  National  Union.  His  resignation  was  withheld 
from  the  newspapers  until  after  he  had  been  relieved  from  com- 
mand, to  guard  against  any  bad  effect  which  bis  act  might  have 
upon  others  ;  and  he  declared  that  so  long  as  he  held  his  commis- 
sion he  would  maintain  the  authority  of  the  government  to  the 
last  extremity.  He  informed  the  governor  of  California  that  he 
had  devoted  the  greater  part  of  his  life  to  the  service  of  the  coun- 
try, and  that  while  he  held  her  commission  he  would  serve  her 
honorably  and  faithfully ;  and  he  afterwards  said  to  his  friends, 
referring  to  the  command  he  had  held,  "If  I  had  proved  faithless 
here  how  could  my  own  people  ever  trust  me  ?"  The  order  direct- 
ing General  Sumner  to  relieve  Colonel  Johnston  also  directed 
him  to  report  at  Washington.  He  was  advised  by  letter  that  he 
enjoyed  the  confidence  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  that  upon 
arrival  he  would  be  assigned  to  an  important  command.  WThen 
General  Sumner  was  informed  of  his  resignation  he  urged  him  to 
recall  it,  and  conveyed  to  him  the  message  of  General  Scott  "that 
he  desired  his  presence  for  active  service  " ;  and  in  a  report  to  the 
adjutant-general  of  the  army,  dated  April  28,  1861,  he  said: 
"It  gives  me  pleasure  to  state  that  the  command  was  turned  over 
to  me  in  good  order.  General  Johnston  had  forwarded  his  resig- 
nation before  I  arrived,  but  he  continued  to  hold  the  command 
and  was  carrying  out  the  orders  of  the  government."  When  the 
President  was  made  acquainted  with  these  facts  he  executed  a 
major-general's  commission  for  Colonel  Johnston;  but  having  been 
informed  that  he  had  already  started  for  Texas,  the  commission 
was  canceled. 

He  removed  with  his  family  to  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  where 
he  remained  until  about  the  middle  of  June,  when,  with  a  few 
armed  associates,  he  crossed  the  country  lying  between  California 
and  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Richmond  early  in  September.  He  was 
appointed  a  general  in  the  Confederate  army,  to  date  from  May 
28,  1861,  and,  ranking  all  others  in  that  grade  who  were  expected 
to  take  an  active  part  in  field  operations,  was  at  once  assigned 
to  the  command  of  the  Department  of  the  West,  which  included 
the  States  of  Tennessee  and  Arkansas ;  that  part  of  Mississippi 
west  of  the  New  Orleans,  Jackson,  and  Great  Northern  and  Cen. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  193 

tral  Railway;  the  military  operations  in  Kentucky,  Missouri, 
Kansas,  and  the  Indian  country  immediately  west  of  Missouri  and 
Arkansas.  lie  entered  upon  the  duties  of  this  command  ut 
Columbus,  Ky.,  on  the  15th  of  September,  and  soon  realized  that 
his  resources  were  inadequate  for  the  lines  of  defense.  He  made 
pressing  calls  for  more  troops;  those  he  had  were  poorly  armed,  im- 
perfectly organized,  and  indifferently  disciplined.  The  National 
forces  occupied  strong  positions  in  his  front.  The  Cumberland 
River,  in  his  rear,  was  capable  at  times  of  floating  the  largest 
steamboats  to  Nashville ;  the  Tennessee  River,  traversing  the  en- 
tire State,  wras  also  capable  of  floating  gunboats  to  Alabama ; 
while  the  National  land  and  naval  forces  were  already  formidable 
near  the  mouths  of  both  rivers.  He  soon  experienced  the  fate  of 
all  commanders  who  do  not  move  as  quickly  and  win  victories  as 
rapidly  as  non-combatants  would  have  them  do.  There  were 
clamors  for  a  movement  against  Louisville  and  for  a  Northern 
invasion,  and  taunts  concerning  his  former  reputation,  and  it  was 
said  that  he  was  slow  and  over-cautious.  Having  been  warned 
that  the  National  forces  were  preparing  to  advance  towards  Bowl- 
ing Green,  Ky.,  General  Johnston  moved  with  the  principal  part 
of  his  troops  from  Columbus  to  that  place,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  14th  of  October  and  assumed  direct  command  on  the  2Sth. 
He  held  this  position,  inviting  an  attack  upon  his  works,  until  the 
Confederate  defeat  at  Mill  Springs,  Ky.,  and  the  fall  of  Forts 
Henry  and  Donelson  compelled  his  retreat  to  Nashville  and  thence 
to  Murfreesboro,  leaving  the  former  city  for  National  occupation. 
He  has  been  criticised  for  a  seeming  inaction  during  the  opera- 
tions against  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson.  These  works  formed  a 
part  of  his  lines,  which  extended  from  Columbus  to  the  mountain 
region  of  Eastern  Kentucky.  He  remained  at  Bowling  Green 
when  it  seems  that  he  should  have  been  present  at  these  attacks, 
because  from  his  own  reports  he  expected  that  the  National  forces 
would  operate  by  the  rivers  and  there  attempt  to  break  his  lines. 
The  fall  of  Fort  Henry  threatened  the  seizure  of  the  Nashville 
and  Memphis  Railway,  which,  if  accomplished,  would  sever  the 
connection  between  Columbus  and  Bowling  Green,  thus  threaten- 
ing the  rear  of  both  places.  It  was  certain  that  an  attack  upon 
Fort  Donelson  would  soon  follow  ;  and,  although  the  Confederate 
reports  do  not  show  that  reinforcements  had  been  called  for,  Gcn- 
13 


194  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

oral  Johnston  committed,  in  the  judgment  of  most  military  men,  a 
serious  mistake  when  he  permitted  Fort  Donelson  to  be  captured 
without  first  putting  every  available  man  at  that  critical  point, 
thus  giving  his  army  the  courage  of  numbers  and  the  inspira- 
tion of  his  presence.  The  far-reaching  effects  of  these  National 
successes  were  to  open  three  rivers — the  Mississippi,  the  Tennes- 
see, and  the  Cumberland — utterly  destroying  General  Johnston's 
chances  for  success  in  West  and  Middle  Tennessee,  and  forcing  his 
lines  back  to  the  south  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  finally  taking 
a  position  at  Corinth  to  protect  Mississippi  and  control  the  railway 
system  at  that  place. 

It  has  been  said  for  him  that  the  political  attitude  of  Kentucky 
was  favorable  to  the  National  authority  ;  that  his  forces  were  so 
inferior  that  any  aggressive  movement  would  have  betrayed  his 
weakness;  that  how  and  where  to  maintain  the  semblance  of  a 
force  sufficient  for  defense  until  he  could  create  an  army  was  the 
problem  he  was  called  upon  to  solve ;  and  that  it  was  not  his  fault 
that  the  Confederate  lines  were  broken  by  the  fall  of  these  badly 
planned  works.  The  facts  of  history  are  that  Fort  Henry  fell  on 
the  6th  of  February  and  Fort  Donelson  fell  ten  days  later.  Gen- 
eral Johnston  began  the  retreat  from  Bowling  Green  on  the  11th, 
and  when  Fort  Donelson  fell  he  was  south  of  Nashville.  The 
loss  of  Fort  Donelson  involved  the  surrender  of  the  Cumberland 
Valley,  and  there  was  nothing  else  to  do  but  retreat  to  the  south 
bank  of  the  Tennessee  River  ;  but  he  began  the  retreat  before  the 
fall  of  that  place,  having  intrusted  the  command  to  incompetent 
generals.  He  was  held  responsible  as  department  commander  for 
the  fall  of  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson,  the  evacuation  of  Colum- 
bus, the  abandonment  of  the  theatre  of  war  in  Kentucky,  Ala- 
bama, and  Mississippi,  and  the  crushing  defeat  at  Pea  Eidge,  Ark., 
which  permanently  crippled  the  Confederacy  west  of  the  Mississippi 
River.  It  has  been  claimed  that  if  General  Johnston  had  moved 
in  person  with  the  principal  part  of  his  forces  on  the  Cumberland 
River,  after  the  fall  of  Fort  Henry,  he  might  have  held  the  Na- 
tional troops  in  check,  if  not  forced  them  back  to  the  Ohio  River. 
Perhaps  if  he  had  made  the  movement  the  results  would  have  been 
the  same ;  for  it  must  be  remembered  that  these  events  occurred 
about  the  beginning  of  the  war,  when  the  generals  on  both  sides 
were  unaccustomed  to  manoeuvring  large  armies,  and  that  he  com- 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  195 

manded  the  weaker  force.  However,  the  result  forced  him  to  aban- 
don Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  and  to  retreat  by  the  way  of  Nashville 
and  Murfreesboro  to  Corinth,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  there 
make  an  effort  to  establish  new  lines  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi, 
and  retrieve,  if  possible,  the  disasters  which  lie  had  encountered. 
The  demand  for  his  removal  from  command  was  widespread,  be- 
cause it  was  said  that  he  was  no  general ;  but  those  in  authority 
replied  :  "  If  lie  is  not  a  general  we  had  better  give  up  the  war, 
for  we  have  no  generals."  General  Johnston  preserved  amid  all 
this  dissatisfaction  a  dignified  silence,  because  such  a  policy  seemed 
to  best  serve  the  interests  of  the  Confederacy;  but  he  indicated 
in  one  of  his  letters  how  keenly  lie  felt  the  criticisms  by  writing 
these  words:  "The  test  of  merit  in  my  profession,  with  the 
people,  is  success.     It  is  a  hard  rule,  but  I  think  it  right." 

After  effecting  a  junction  with  Beauregard,  Bragg,  and  Polk  at 
Corinth,  he  determined  to  attack  the  National  army,  which  was 
then  near  Pittsburg  Landing,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  formed 
his  plans  to  open  the  battle  on  the  morning  of  the  5th  of  April ; 
but  his  movements  were  delayed  by  heavy  rains,  in  consequence  of 
which  he  was  unable  to  make  the  attack  until  the  morning  of  the 
6 tli.  Shiloli  was  one  of  the  most  important  and  desperately  fought 
battles  of  the  war,  the  details  of  which  belong  to  general  history, 
and  they  are  not  necessary  for  the  purposes  of  this  memoir  further 
than  to  say  that  the  result  destroyed  the  prestige  of  the  Confederacy 
in  the  South-west ;  and  that  it  was  a  profound,  if  not  irreparable, 
misfortune  to  the  Southern  leaders. 

During  the  first  day  of  the  battle,  and  when  General  Johnston, 
handsomely  mounted,  was  urging  forward  his  troops  and  directing 
a  charge  for  the  purpose  of  turning  the  National  right  flank,  a 
minie-ball  cut  the  popliteal  artery  of  his  right  leg  where  that 
artery  divides  into  the  tibial  arteries.  It  seems  that  in  the  excite- 
ment of  the  battle  he  did  not  notice  the  wound,  or,  if  he  did,  that 
he  did  not  regard  it  as  a  dangerous  one.  He  reeled  suddenly  in 
the  saddle  and  was  assisted  to  the  ground  a  dying  man.  Before  a 
tourniquet  could  be  applied  he  had  fainted,  and  he  expired  at  half- 
past  two  o'clock  p.m.  from  the  loss  of  blood,  but  painlessly.  Be- 
sides the  wound  which  killed  him  he  received  three  other  hits— on 
the  right  thigh  ;  just  above  and  to  the  rear  of  the  right  hip  ;  and 
once  by  a  ball  cutting  the  left  boot  sole  entirely  in  two.     He  died- 


196  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

just  before  the  turn  in  the  tide  of  battle,  when  he  believed  that  he 
had  won  a  victory  ;  and  in  the  supreme  excitement  of  that  moment 
we  may  readily  believe  that  he  was  unconscious  of  the  wound,  or 
indifferent  concerning  it,  because  his  knowledge  of  surgery  was 
adequate  for  its  control  by  an  extemporized  tourniquet,  and  it  is 
quite  probable,  if  he  had  given  it  attention  at  the  proper  time,  that 
he  would  not  have  died,  for  the  wound  was  not  necessarily  fatal. 

Thus  fell  General  Johnston  on  the  6th  of  April,  1862,  at 
Shiloh,  after  a  brief  career  in  the  Confederate  service.  Until  his 
reverses  came  in  the  Department  of  the  West  no  shadows  had  ever 
rested  upon  his  military  fame.  He  was  esteemed  by  military 
men  as  the  ablest  general  in  the  Confederate  service.  He  was 
essentially  a  man  of  the  frontier ;  was  well  adapted  to  command 
a  Western  army,  and  gave  to  the  Kebellion  a  military  experience 
surpassing  any  other  leader.  He  died  too  early  in  the  war  to 
acquire  that  great  fame  which  many  who  knew  him  believed  he 
would  ;  but  this  much  is  certain,  that  to  the  hour  of  his  death  he 
was  the  foremost  military  man  of  the  Confederacy.  While  he 
was  a  strict  disciplinarian,  he  was  not  a  martinet.  He  was  a 
thoroughly  conscientious  man,  and  never  permitted  personal  feel- 
ings to  influence  his  official  actions.  He  always  refused  valuable 
gifts,  and  in  the  many  alternations  of  his  fortunes  preserved  an 
unblemished  integrity.  When  he  resigned  his  commission  in  the 
United  States  army  he  had  but  fifteen  hundred  dollars,  and  he 
said  in  one  of  his  letters  that  the  act  brought  him  "face  to  face 
with  poverty." 

His  vigorous  frame  and  soldierly  qualities  commanded  respect 
and  confidence.  He  was  six  feet  and  one  inch  in  height,  large-boned 
but  rather  loosely  put  together;  broad-shouldered,  deep-chested, 
and  thin-flanked.  His  brown  hair  was  tinged  with  gray.  He  had 
a  high  forehead  and  heavy  brows  that  shadowed  deep-set  and  clear, 
blue-gray  eyes  having  a  kind,  sincere,  and  penetrating  look,  but 
when  he  was  excited  they  flashed  to  a  steel-gray  ;  high  cheek- 
bones, an  irregular  nose,  a  fine  mouth  with  rather  thin  lips  firmly 
set,  except  when  smiling  ;  a  delicate  chin  and  regular  teeth.  II 
naturally  clear  white  and  red  complexion  had  been  changed  by 
constant  exposure  to  a  dark  brown.  His  manners  were  gentle  and 
winning,  while  his  countenance  was  dignified  and  commanding, 
even  stern  in  repose,  but  without  a  sign  of  austerity  upon  it.    His 


IS 


MILITABY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  197 

features  showed  Scotch  lineage  and  indicated  resolution  and  in- 
tense character,  while  his  temperate  habits  had  preserved  for  him 
a  youthful  vigor  rarely  found  in  men  of  his  age.  As  a  com- 
mander he  was  markedly  reticent,  but  in  the  social  circle  he  was 
an  agreeable  talker  and  a  good  listener.  He  was  esteemed  for  his 
truth  and  simplicity,  uniform  kindness  of  temper,  strong  sense  of 
dity,  clear  and  calm  judgment,  decision  and  tenacity;  for  his 
executive  ability  and  wide  experience  in  military  affairs.  lie  was 
without  reproach  in  the  private  walks  of  life,  caring  but  little, 
however,  for  general  society,  where  he  seldom  presented  himself, 
except  upon  important  occasions. 

"  In  the  annals  of  America  anterior  to  the  war  the  name  of 
Albert  Sidney  Johnston  belonged  both  to  history  and  romance, 
and  shared  equally  the  page  of  great  national  events  and  that  of 
remarkable  personal  adventure.  His  life  had  been  passed  not  only 
in  camps  but  in  exploring  the  wilderness,  in  founding  new  homes, 
in  pursuing  the  excitements  of  new  countries,  and  running  there 
the  career  from  the  humble  individual  to  the  high  state  official 
commanding  honors  Avon  by  spirit  and  perseverance." 

His  remains  received  temporary  burial  in  the  St.  Louis  Ceme- 
tery at  New  Orleans  until  January,  1867,  when,  in  compliance 
with  his  expressed  wish  and  a  joint  resolution  of  the  Legislature 
of  Texas,  they  were  removed  to  Austin  and  interred  in  the  State 
cemetery  at  that  place  on  the  2d  of  February,  1867,  where  they 
now  rest. 


2.  George  H.  Thomas  was  born  in  Southampton  County, 
Va.,  July  31,1816.  His  father  was  of  English,  or  more  remotely 
of  Welsh,  descent,  and  his  mother  came  from  an  old  Huguenot 
family.  His  appointment  to  the  Military  Academy  was  a  reward 
for  an  act  of  youthful  daring— the  exposure  of  his  life  for  the  pre- 
servation of  the  lives  and  property  of  his  neighbors.  He  was 
graduated  on  the  1st  of  July,  1840,  and  assigned  to  the  Third 
Artillery  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regi- 
ment, a  first  lieutenant  April  30,  1844,  and  a  captain  December  24, 


198  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

1853.  He  served  at  Fort  Columbus,  N.  Y.,  1840  ;  participated  in 
the  Florida  War,  and  was  engaged  in  Major  Wade's  capture  of 
seventy  Seminole  Indians  in  November,  1841 ;  was  made  a  brevet 
first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  November  6,  1841,  for  gallantry  and 
good  conduct  in  the  war  against  the  Florida  Indians  ;  served  at 
New  Orleans  Barracks,  Fort  Moultrie,  Fort  McHenry,  and  on  re- 
cruiting service,  1842-45.  He  served  with  the  Army  of  Occupa- 
tion in  Texas  and  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
defense  of  Fort  Brown  and  in  the  battles  of  Monterey  and  Buena 
Vista.  It  is  said  that  to  his  coolness  General  Taylor  was  largely 
indebted  for  success  at  Buena  Yista.  Lieutenant  Thomas  belonged 
to  Captain  Bragg's  Battery,  and  directed  the  fire  of  a  section, 
seemingly  as  unconcerned  as  if  he  were  participating  in  the  cere- 
monies of  a  dress-parade.  He  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date 
from  September  23,  1846,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  several  con- 
flicts at  Monterey,  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  February  23, 
1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Buena 
Vista;  and  after  the  war  the  citizens  of  Southampton  County,  Va., 
presented  him  with  a  sword  in  recognition  of  his  distinguished  ser- 
vices. He  returned  to  garrison  duty  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eio 
Grande,  and  was  engaged  against  the  Seminoles  1849-50.  He  was 
an  instructor  of  cavalry  and  artillery  tactics  at  West  Point  from 
April,  1851,  to  May,  1854,  where  he  was  conspicuous  for  conscien- 
tious devotion  to  duty.  He  then  returned  to  frontier  service, 
and  was  commanding  Fort  Yuma  when  he  was  appointed,  in 
July,  1855,  junior  major  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  May  12, 1855.  He  joined  the  regiment  in  September,  and 
marched  with  it  (en  route  to  Texas)  to  Fort  Washita,  where  he 
was  detached  for  general  court-martial  service,  and  later  was  dis- 
patched to  New  York  to  enlist  men  for  the  regimental  band.  He 
rejoined  in  May,  1856,  and  served  at  Forts  Mason  and  Belknap, 
San  Antonio  and  Camp  Cooper,  and  was  employed  on  general 
court-martial  service  at  Iiinggold  Barracks,  Fort  Brown,  Indian- 
ola,  and  Camp  Cooper,  lie  commanded  the  regiment  from 
October  21,  1857,  to  November  12, 1860,  and  was  ordered,  in  April, 
1858,  to  march  it  from  Fort  Belknap  to  Fort  Leavenworth  ;  but 
the  termination  of  the  Utah  troubles  caused  a  revocation  of  the 
order,  and  he  was  assigned  to  Camp  Cooper,  where  he  had  station 
until  the  end  of  his  tour  of  duty  in  Texas.     He  commanded,  July- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  199 

August,  1859,  the  escort  that  conducted  the  Texas  Indians  to  their 
new  home  in  the  Indian  Territory;  an  expedition,  October-No- 
vember, 1859,  to  the  upper  waters  of  the  Red  and  Canadian  rivers; 
and  the  expedition  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Colorado  River,  July- 
August,  18G0,  and  was  twice  wounded  in  an  engagement  with 
hostile  Indians  on  the  Salt  Branch  of  the  Brazos  River  on  tho 
26th  of  August.  He  relinquished  the  command  of  the  regiment 
in  November,  1860,  and  was  enjoying  a  leave  of  absence  when 
General  Twiggs  surrendered  the  Department  of  Texas  to  the 
insurgents. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  opinions  of  Major  Thomas  concern- 
ing the  doctrine  of  State  allegiance,  no  man  ever  heard  him  utter  a 
hostile  sentiment  against  the  National  authority.  He  repeated  his 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States,  and  unhesitatingly  took  his 
stand  in  favor  of  the  country  and  against  an  armed  rebellion.  He 
met  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  upon  its  arrival  in  New 
York  Harbor  on  the  11th  of  April,  18G1,  and  conducted  it  to 
Carlisle  Barracks.  The  second  detachment  arrived  a  few  days 
later,  but  so  urgent  was  the  demand  for  troops  that  six  of  the  ten 
companies  were  detached  from  him.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  regiment  April  25,  1861,  and  a  few  days  later 
succeeded  to  the  colonelcy,  to  date  from  May  3,  1861,  vice  Johnston, 
resigned.  For  twenty  years  he  had  run  the  usual  career  of  an  army 
officer  of  that  period,  and  had  served  with  distinction  in  Florida, 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  on  the  frontiers.  There  was  nothing 
demonstrative  about  him.  Those  who  knew  him  at  Carlisle  and 
during  the  summer  of  1861  remember  his  simple  dignity,  unassum- 
ing manners,  and  quiet  method  of  encouraging  those  who  needed 
encouragement.  In  stature  he  towered  above  ordinary  men,  and 
seemed  like  a  tawny  lion  in  repose,  totally  unconscious  of  the 
great  and  enduring  fame  which  he  was  destined  to  achieve.  He 
was  ordered,  in  June,  to  report  to  General  Patterson,  who  was 
organizing  an  army  at  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  and  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  a  brigade  which  was  composed  of  the  headquarters 
and  four  companies  of  the  regiment,  the  Philadelphia  City  Troop, 
two  batteries  of  artillery,  an  independent  company,  and  three 
regiments  of  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  He  commanded  this 
brigade  in  tho  operations  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  during  the 
summer  of  1861,   moving  to   Hagerstown  and   Darnestown,  Md., 


200  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

in  the  latter  part  of  June,  crossing  the  Potomac  River  near  Wil- 
liamsport  on  the  2d  of  July  and  participating  in  the  action  at 
Falling  Waters,  where,  by  a  rapid  deployment  of  his  brigade  (which 
was  in  the  advance)  against  the  left  flank  of  the  enemy,  he  forced 
a  retreat  which  was  pursued  four  miles  by  the  National  troops. 
He  also  participated  in  the  skirmishes  at  Martinsburg  and  Bunker 
Hill  during  the  advance  towards  Winchester,  his  brigade  leading 
at  both  places,  while  his  cavalry  pursued  the  enemy  at  Bunker 
Hill  until  they  were  completely  routed.  When  General  J.  E. 
Johnston  retired  to  Winchester,  Colonel  Thomas  urged  an  advance 
for  the  purpose  of  forcing  an  engagement,  to  prevent  the  enemy 
from  marching  through  Ashby's  Gap  to  unite  with  other  Confed- 
erate forces  for  the  purpose  of  fighting  the  battle  of  Bull  Bun ; 
but  General  Patterson  thought  that  Winchester  was  too  strongly 
fortified,  and,  when  informed  by  his  officers  that  General  John- 
ston was  moving  from  Winchester  towards  Ashby's  Gap,  instead 
of  attempting  to  strike  the  enemy  he  marched  in  the  opposite 
direction  to  Charlestovvn,  and  thence  to  Harper's  Ferry,  where  he 
terminated  the  campaign. 

Two  incidents  occurred  during  these  operations  which  illustrate 
the  temperament  of  Colonel  Thomas  on  the  field.  Before  cross- 
ing the  army  into  Virginia  a  force  under  General  Cadwalader  was 
moved  over  the  Potomac,  and  when  near  Falling  Waters  a  line  of 
battle  was  formed  and  a  furious  fire  was  directed  against  a  wood  in 
which  the  enemy  were  supposed  to  be  concealed.  Some  one  said 
to  him  :  "The  brigade  on  the  right  seems  to  be  hotly  engaged." 
He  quietly  made  almost  the  same  answer  that  Kinglake  attributes 
to  Lord  Baglan  at  the  Alma:  "I  hear  no  return  shots."  And, 
again,  a  young  officer  who  was  attempting  to  explain  a  neglect  of 
duty  upon  the  theory  that  he  supposed  the  matter  under  discussion 
was  a  joke  was  curtly  informed  that  "there  must  be  no  joking 
about  military  affairs." 

During  the  progress  of  these  events  influences  were  at  work  to 
eecure  him  a  command  in  the  volunteer  forces.  The  President  was 
slow  to  act,  because  many  officers  of  Southern  birth  had  resigned 
— some  doing  so  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Bun  ;  but,  upon  the 
recommendations  of  General  Hubert  Anderson  and  General  William 
T.  Sherman  (then  colonel  of  the  Thirteenth  Infantry),  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  August 


MILITARY    KECOKDS    OF    OFFICERS.  201 

17, 18G1,  and  assigned  to  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland.  He 
relinquished  the  command  of  the  regiment  on  the  28th  of  August 
and  hastened  to  Camp  Dick  Robinson,  Ky.,  where  he  organized 
six  regiments  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  volunteers.  He  was 
assigned  in  November  to  command  a  division  of  the  Army  of  the 
Ohio,  and  was  second  in  command  under  General  Btiell.  Ilis  line 
of  operations  extended  from  Lexington  towards  the  Cumberland 
Gap  and  Ford,  and  while  holding  this  position  he  won  the  first 
substantial  victory  of  the  war  at  Mill  Springs,  Ky.,  January  19, 
1862— the  first  dawn  of  hope  west  of  the  battle-ground  of  Vir- 
ginia. The  courage  that  attacked  the  Confederate  forces  in  their 
intrenchments,  and  pursued  them  until  they  were  completely  van- 
quished, brought  his  name  conspicuously  before  the  country,  and 
in  his  prompt  and  spirited  conduct  were  recognized  the  sterling 
qualities  of  a  soldier,  while  the  government  gave  a  substantial 
recognition  of  the  important  service  which  he  had  rendered  by 
appointing  him  a  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  April 
25,  1862.  A  sword  was  voted  to  him,  after  the  battle,  by  the 
Fourth  Kentucky  Mounted  Infantry,  but  the  ceremony  of  presen- 
tation did  not  take  place  until  the  army  had  reached  Chattanooga, 
about  the  1st  of  October,  1863. 

General  Thomas  participated,  with  his  division  as  the  reserve 
of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  during  the  spring  of  1862  in  the  move- 
ment against  Nashville,  when  the  enemy  retreated  to  Murfrees- 
boro,  and  thence  to  Corinth,  on  the  Tennessee  Eiver.  When  the 
armies  were  reorganized  a  few  days  after  the  battle  of  Shiloh  he 
was  transferred  to  and  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the  Army  of 
the  Tennessee,  and  served  in  that  position  until  after  the  siege  of 
Corinth,  when  he  was  relieved  and  reassigned  to  his  division  in  the 
Army  of  the  Ohio.  The  evacuation  of  Corinth  added  another 
victory  to  the  list  of  National  successes  in  the  South-west,  changed 
the  aspect  of  affairs  in  West  Tennessee,  and  opened  the  valley  of 
the  Mississippi.  The  enemy  were  in  a  position  of  their  own  selec- 
tion, commanding  two  important  railways,  and  were  capable  of 
making  a  stubborn  defense;  yet  they  abandoned  the  position  with- 
in a  month  after  operations  had  been  fairly  begun.  They  chal- 
lenged the  National  army  to  leave  the  Tennessee  River  and  meet  them 
at  their  chosen  stronghold.  The  challenge  was  accepted  by  an 
advance  and  a  siege  worthy  of  a  prominent  place  in  the  history  of 


202  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  war,  and  during  which  General  Thomas  was  one  of  the  most 
conspicuous  actors.  He  continued  on  duty  until  the  end  of  the 
year  in  Mississippi,  Alabama.  Kentucky,  and  Tennessee,  command- 
ing at  Corinth,  guarding  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  Eailway, 
commanding  Decherd,  McMinnville,  and  Nashville,  participating  in 
the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  towards  Louisville  ;  was  second  in  com- 
mand of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  during  the  advance  into  Kentucky 
(having  declined  to  supersede  General  Buell),  and  commanded  the 
right  wing  of  the  army  at  the  battle  of  Perryville.  There  is  good 
reason  to  believe,  if  his  advice  had  been  followed  after  this  battle 
and  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  had  been  marched  eastward  towards 
Danville  instead  of  northward  towards  Harrodsburg,  that  there 
would  have  been  an  end  of  the  Confederate  army  under  General 
Bragg;  that  there  would  have  been  no  escape  through  the  Cumber- 
land Gap  ;  that  the  battle  of  Stone  Eiver  would  not  have  been 
fought  ;  and,  probably,  that  the  series  of  battles  in  that  section 
for  the  ensuing  two  years  would  have  been  avoided  and  the  same 
results  secured.  General  Thomas  then  served  in  General  Bose- 
crans'  Tennessee  campaign,  commanding  the  Fourteenth  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Stone 
Kiver,  which  began  on  the  morning  of  the  31st  of  December  and 
continued  until  the  night  of  January  3,  18G3.  He  held  the  centre 
of  the  line  of  battle,  having  two  divisions  under  his  command. 
The  enemy  retreated  during  the  night  of  the  3d  of  January,  and 
on  the  morning  of  the  5th  he  advanced  with  his  divisions  from 
Murfreesboro  and  drove  their  rear-guard  six  miles  towards  Man- 
chester. Stone  Eiver  is  classed  with  the  twelve  decisive  battles 
of  the  war ;  and  as  Shiloh  overthrew  the  first,  so  this  battle 
overthrew  the  second,  aggressive  campaign  of  the  Confederates  in 
the  West.  General  Thomas  is  represented  during  the  first  day's 
fighting,  and  when  the  enemy  had  driven  General  McCook's  divi- 
sions, as  sitting  on  his  horse,  calm  amid  the  fury  of  battle,  per- 
sonally directing  the  movements  of  his  divisions,  an  image  of  deter- 
mination and  immovable  courage,  and  adorned  with  every  quality 
that  constitutes  the  perfect  soldier.  General  Eosecrans  accorded 
him  the  highest  meed  of  praise,  and  said  in  his  official  report  that, 
distinguished  as  General  Thomas  was  in  council  for  frankness 
and  prudence,  and  on  many  battle-fields  for  courage,  he  nevermore 
conspicuously   maintained   his  high  character   than    during   this 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  203 

battle,  and  lie  doubly  thanked  him  for  his  counsel  .and  support. 
He  was  engaged  during  the  summer  of  18G3  in  the  advance 
on  Tullahoma  ;  in  the  action  at  Hoover's  Gap  and  the  passage 
of  Duck  River;  and  in  September  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Chickamauga,  where  he  displayed  heroic  courage,  and  on  the  sec- 
ond day,  with  parts  of  all  the  corps,  threw  himself  in  front  of  the 
enemy,  checked  their  victorious  advance,  and  made  possible  the 
withdrawal  of  the  National  forces  to  Chattanooga.  With  twenty- 
five  thousand  men  he  held  the  enemy  (sixty-five  thousand  strong) 
in  check  and  saved  Chattanooga.  History  at  once  named  him 
"The  Rock  of  Chickamauga."  The  situation  was  critical  in  the 
extreme  and  created  a  profound  sensation.  The  utmost  exertions 
were  made  to  relieve  the  army.  General  Thomas  began  to  fortify 
the  town  and  employed  his  energies  in  opening  communications,  by 
the  Tennessee  River  and  Lookout  Mountain ;  and  in  answer  to 
the  appeal  of  the  country  he  replied,  "  I  will  hold  the  town  till  we 
starve  " — an  answer  worthy  of  the  general  whose  masterful  abili- 
ties had  inspired  his  corps  and  saved  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland 
from  annihilation.  General  Grant  was  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  composed  of  the  depart- 
ments of  the  Ohio,  the  Tennessee,  and  the  Cumberland,  and  pro- 
ceeded to  Chattanooga.  On  the  19th  of  October  General  Thomas 
succeeded  General  Rosecrans  in  the  command  of  the  Department 
and  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  in  the  magnificent  movement 
of  his  troops  against  the  Confederate  centre  at  Missionary  Ridge 
won  an  enduring  fame.  It  was  fitly  reserved  for  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland  to  win  the  crowning  victory  over  its  old  enemy 
— to  carry  the  heights  of  Missionary  Ridge  and  open  the  way  to 
Atlanta.  He  knew  how  to  appreciate  courage  at  its  full  value,  as 
is  shown  by  an  incident  which  occurred  on  the  second  day  at 
Chickamauga.  When  the  unbroken  left  wing  of  the  army  had 
again  and  again  repelled  the  assaults  of  more  than  twice  their 
numbers,  and  when  a  division  had  about  fired  their  last  cartridge 
and  repelled  a  charge  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet,  he  took  the  hand 
of  a  soldier  who  had  attracted  marked  attention  by  gallant  con- 
duct, and  thanked  him  for  his  steadfast  courage.  During  the 
progress  of  these  important  events  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general  in  the  regular  army,  to  date  from  October  27,  18G3. 

The  history  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  from  Chickamauga 


204  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

to  Nashville  is  the  history  of  General  Thomas.  His  exalted  and 
heroic  character  was  so  thoroughly  impressed  upon  that  army  that 
it  seemed  capable  of  accomplishing  any  undertaking.  He  was 
employed  at  Chattanooga  in  reorganizing  the  army,  which  was 
composed  of  the  Fourth,  Fourteenth,  and  Twentieth  Army  Corps, 
together  with  three  divisions  of  cavalry;  in  forcing  the  enemy 
from  Tunnel  Hill  in  January,  1864,  and  in  making  a  demonstration 
against  Dalton  in  February,  where  he  remained  for  some  time. 
Early  in  May  he  entered  upon  the  Atlanta  campaign,  under  the 
command  of  General  Sherman,  and  during  the  ensuing  five  months 
participated  in  the  operations  around  Dalton,  the  demonstration 
against  Resaca,  the  occupation  of  Eome,  the  action  at  Cassville, 
the  battle  of  Dallas,  the  movement  against  Pine  Mountain,  the 
battles  about  Kenesaw  Mountain,  the  assault  at  Ruff's  Station,  the 
passage  -of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  the  battle  of  Peach  Tree 
Creek,  the  siege  of  Atlanta,  the  assault  on  Jonesboro,  and  the  cap- 
ture of  Atlanta.  General  Sherman  says  in  his  memoirs  that  during 
the  Atlanta  campaign  he  had  in  General  Thomas  an  officer  of 
education  and  experience,  and  that  he  possessed  special  qualities 
of  mind  and  character  which  fitted  him  in  the  highest  degree  for 
the  work  then  in  contemplation. 

He  was  intrusted  at  the  end  of  the  Atlanta  campaign  with  the 
defense  of  Tennessee  while  General  Sherman  was  making  his 
march  from  Atlanta  to  Savannah.  He  was  required  to  organize  a 
new  army  and  at  the  same  time  defend  the  State  against  an  in- 
vading force  which  was  commanded  by  one  of  the  boldest  and  most 
aggressive  generals  of  the  Confederacy.  The  masterly  manoeuvres 
by  which,  with  two  corps  under  General  Schofield,  he  resisted  the 
advance  of  the  enemy  from  Florence,  while  he  gathered  widely  scat- 
tered detachments  and  united  them  into  a  compact  army,  organ- 
ized quartermaster  employes  into  armed  battalions,  remounted  the 
cavalry,  collected  supplies,  strengthened  his  fortifications  to  the 
rear,  and  finally  concentrated  his  forces  at  Nashville,  where  a 
few  days  later  he  struck  General  Hood's  army  as  no  National  gen- 
eral had  struck  the  enemy  during  the  war,  winning  one  of  the  most 
overwhelming  victories  of  modern  times,  are  narrated  in  general 
history  and  constitute  one  of  the  brilliant  chapters  of  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion. 

The  battle  of  Nashville  was  a  masterpiece  of  military  science. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  205 

Every  detail  of  the  plan  was  accomplished,  from  the  beginning 
on  the  right,  where  the  cavalry  charged  the  enemy's  intrenchments, 
until  General  Hood  lied  into  the  darkness  of  a  rainy  winter  night. 
The  movements  on  the  field  were  characteristic  of  General  Thomas 
— sledge-hammer  blows,  heavily  massed  columns,  and  deep,  strong 
lines.     There  were  deliberate  pauses  in  the  battle,  which  were  em- 
ployed in  rearranging  the  lines  and  massing  the  columns.     He 
handled  his  troops  as  chessmen  on  a  board  because  of  the  un- 
bounded confidence  with  which  he  inspired  them.     The  enemy 
were  driven  south  of  the  Tennessee  River  with  an  immense  loss  of 
men  and  material,  and  there  was  no  longer  a  Confederacy  at  the 
West.     It  is  impossible  to  convey  within  the  limits  of  this  memoir 
a  complete  understanding  of  the  pressure  which  was  applied  to 
induce  General  Thomas  to  fight  this  battle  before  he  waa  prepared 
to  do  so.     The  clamor  of  public  demand  did  not  disturb  his  su- 
perb calm.     He  knew  that  obedience  to  it  meant  disaster  to  the 
National  cause.      He  had  promised  General  Sherman  "to  ruin 
Hood  if  he  dared  to  advance  from  Florence,"  and  he  intended  to 
redeem  the  promise.     His  superiors  could  relieve  him,  but  they 
could  not  induce  him  to  begin  a  battle  until  he  was  prepared  for 
it.     All  they  could  draw  from  him  were  his  telegrams  that  he  was 
doing  the  best  he  could  under  the  circumstances,  but  if  the  public 
interests  demanded  his  removal  he  would  submit  without  a  mur- 
mur.    And  thus  he  compelled  the  waiting,  and  when  his  hour 
came  and  the  fog  lifted  from  the  field  of  Nashville  on  the  morn- 
ing of  December  15,  18G4,  he  hurled  the  engines  of  war  against 
General  Hood's  army  and  it  crumbled  into  utter  ruin.     The  results 
vindicated  his  military  judgment  and  crowned  him  with  imperish- 
able laurels.     The  country  no  longer  doubted  the  modest,  skilful, 
and  judicious  soldier  as  he  stood  on  that  field,  the  embodiment  of 
a  magnificent  victory. 

General  Thomas  received  the  thanks  of  Congress  for  the  skill 
and  dauntless  courage  with  which  he  so  signally  defeated  the 
enemy  ;  the  thanks  of  the  General  Assembly  of  Tennessee  for  his 
wise  and  spirited,  brave  and  patriotic,  conduct  in  defense  of  the 
capital  of  the  State,  and  a  gold  medal,  which  was  presented  to  him 
with  imposing  ceremonies  at  Nashville  on  the  second  anniversary 
of  the  battle.  He  was  appointed  a  major-general  in  the  regular 
army,  to  date  from  December  15,  18G4,  and  a  few  months  later 


206  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

was  formally  presented  to  both  Houses  of  Congress.  He  remained 
in  Tennessee  until  the  end  of  the  war,  and  from  June,  1865,  to 
March,  1867,  was  in  command  of  the  Military  Division  (afterwards 
the  Department)  of  Tennessee.  He  was  then  transferred  to  the 
Third  Military  District  (Georgia,  Florida,  and  Alabama),  from 
which  he  was  almost  immediately  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  and 
assigned  to  the  Department  of  the  Cumberland,  where  he  remained 
until  January,  1869.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  officers 
which  was  convened,  in  March,  1866,  to  recommend  brevet  commis- 
sions to  general  officers,  and  as  a  member  of  the  Dyer  Court  of  In- 
quiry, January-May,  1869.  He  then  proceeded  to  San  Francisco 
and  assumed  command  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific,  and 
while  exercising  the  duties  of  his  office  in  that  city  was  stricken 
by  apoplexy  on  the  28th  of  March,  1870.  He  lingered  about  six 
hours  after  the  stroke  fell  upon  him,  and  then  passed  away,  being 
unconscious  except  for  about  half  an  hour.  The  Nation  mourned 
his  loss,  and  as  his  remains  were  conveyed  across  the  continent  for 
burial  in  one  of  the  most  restful  spots  in  Oak  Hill  Cemetery  at 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  they  everywhere  received  the  most  profound  demon- 
strations of  respect  and  heartfelt  sorrow.  A  joint  resolution  was 
passed  by  Congress,  expressing  the  deepest  regret  at  his  unexpected 
decease  and  extolling  his  patriotic  services  and  unfaltering  zeal 
and  faith  in  the  maintenance  of  the  National  authority  and  the 
integrity  of  the  government,  and  a  general  order  from  the  head- 
quarters of  the  army  narrated  his  complete  and  entire  devotion  to 
duty  when  service  in  Florida,  Mexico,  and  Arizona  meant  absolute 
banishment.  He  never  asked  a  personal  favor  and  never  sought 
promotion  or  honor  at  the  expense  of  others. 

General  Thomas  always  conformed  his  tactical  movements  to 
clearly  established  principles.  He  was  careful  concerning  the 
details  of  a  battle,  even  to  providing  the  means  for  a  successful 
retreat,  if  the  enemy  should  force  him  to  that  extremity.  He 
delighted  in  heavily  massed  columns  and  deep,  strong  lines.  He 
moved  slowly  but  with  a  resistless  power,  being  a  ponderous  hitter 
and  as  unyielding  as  a  rock.  His  self-possession  in  battle  was 
remarkable,  and  he  never  displayed  this  quality  to  better  advan- 
tage than  on  the  field  of  Chickamauga — of  which  he  is  the  undis- 
puted hero — where,  notwithstanding  the  intense  mental  strain  to 
which  he  was  subjected,  he  seemed  as  unconcerned  as  though  he  had 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  207 

no  interest  in  the  issue  ;  and  yet  he  knew  that  the  fate  of  General 
ttosecrans'  army  depended  entirely  upon  the  steadfastness  of  his 
command.  He  possessed,  notwithstanding  his  usually  imperturb- 
able calm,  the  magnetic  quality  of  swaying  men,  and  was  capable 
of  imparting  the  most  intense  enthusiasm  to  his  troops.  His  grave 
and  comprehending  look  inspired  trustfulness  in  all  who  saw  him. 
He  did  not  believe  that  victories  should  be  won  by  an  immense 
sacrifice  of  life.  He  always  aimed  to  accomplish  the  best  results 
with  the  least  possible  loss  ;  hence  he  was  always  economical  of  life 
and  suffering.  His  system  of  transacting  business  was  almost 
perfect.  His  adjutant's  office  on  wheels  during  the  Atlanta  cam- 
paign was  a  model  of  compactness.  He  was  rallied  several  times 
during  the  war  concerning  the  care  he  always  bestowed  upon  the 
records  of  his  commands,  but  replied  that  the  time  would  come 
when  they  would  be  of  as  much  value  to  the  country  as  the  battles 
he  fought. 

General  Thomas  was  prominent  in  four  campaigns,  two  of 
which  he  commanded  in  person,  while  he  was  second  in  command 
in  the  others.  His  enduring  fame  rests  upon  five  battles,  and  in 
these  he  made  no  mistakes.  He  was  grand  and  far-seeing  at  Mill 
Springs,  magnificent  in  fortitude  and  judgment  at  Stone  River, 
sublime  in  tenacity  at  Chickamauga,  impetuous  in  attacking  the 
enemy's  centre  at  Missionary  Ridge,  and  terrible  in  execution  at 
Nashville— the  only  battle  of  the  war,  except  the  minor  one  at  Mill 
Springs,  which  resulted  in  the  annihilation  of  the  opposing  army. 
He  discharged  with  fidelity  the  duties  of  every  grade  in  which 
he  served,  from  a  lieutenant  to  a  major-general,  and  was  found 
equal  to  every  demand  made  upon  him,  whether  as  first  or  second 
in  command.  He  possessed  a  powerful  influence  in  every  army  with 
which  he  served,  winning  the  universal  commendation  of  being 
brave  and  judicious,  and  always  holding  the  entire  confidence  of 
his  troops.  His  loyalty  to  the  country,  devotion  to  duty,  and  in- 
vincible courage  made  him  one  of  the  noblest  figures  in  American 
history  aud  won  him  a  position  among  the  first  soldiers  of  the 
world. 

The  breadth  of  shoulders,  depth  of  chest,  and  generally  massive 
though  not  corpulent  frame  of  General  Thomas  detracted  somewhat 
from  his  height,  which  was  nearly  six  feet.  He  was  robust  and 
healthy,  but  his  walk  was  slow  and  heavy.     He  sat  high  in  the 


208  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

saddle,  owing  to  the  unusual  length  of  his  body,  and  required  a 
powerful  horse  for  daily  use.  His  features  were  large,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  his  nose,  which  was  long  and  thin.  His  lips  were  plump 
and  red.  His  chin  and  jaws,  concealed  by  a  short  beard,  were  large 
and  squarely  cut.  His  silver-blue  eyes,  large  and  steadfast,  in- 
dicated his  positiveness,  and  would  flash  with  light  when  he  was 
powerfully  moved.  His  hair  was  of  a  light  yellow  and  curly,  with 
more  red  in  the  beard — tawny  through  exposure  ;  and  before  the 
war  ended  hair  and  beard  were  touched  with  gray,  which  added  to 
the  dignity  of  his  presence.  His  head  was  in  accord  with  the 
body,  massive,  strong,  and  manly,  and  he  wore 

"A  forehead  royal  with  the  truth." 

General  Thomas  was  a  gentle,  winning  man,  yet  the  solidity  of 
his  nervous  system,  his  self-restraint,  and  his  usually  imperturb- 
able calm  gave  him  a  severe  expression  ;  but  children  and  dumb  ani- 
mals were  fond  of  him,  and  these  rarely  err  in  judgment  or  instinct. 
He  was  generous  without  being  enthusiastic,  and  kind  without  be- 
ing demonstrative.  It  was  easy  to  know  him,  for  he  was  always 
plain  and  frank.  He  never  seemed  to  think  that  it  was  necessary 
to  exhibit  any  dash ;  and  while  he  may  have  been  too  deliberate  to 
please  nervous  temperaments,  he  never  failed  to  accomplish  the 
best  results.  He  never  posed  for  effect  nor  played  the  hero,  but, 
uniting  common  sense  to  a  natural  dignity,  soon  won  the  respect  and 
confidence  of  most  men  with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  It  may 
be  said  that  his  military  successes  were  the  results  of  long  service, 
patient  industry,  methodical  habits,  and  the  practical  application 
of  good  judgment  to  the  affairs  of  his  office.  He  was  a  personifica- 
tion of  integrity,  and  a  beau-ideal  of  the  soldier  and  the  gentleman. 
His  methodical  habits  naturally  led  him  to  adopt  system  in  all  the 
relations  of  life,  and  anything  tending  to  interfere  with  his  usual 
quiet  course  would  annoy  him.  He  discarded  old  clothes  with  re- 
luctance, and  during  the  war,  when  promotions  came  rapidly,  it 
was  almost  impossible  to  see  him  in  the  uniform  of  his  grade.  He 
wore  the  uniform  of  a  brigadier-general  for  the  first  time  at  Mill 
Springs,  and  he  did  not  wear  the  double  stars  until  after  the  bat- 
tle of  Stone  River,  and  then  they  were  placed  on  his  coat  without 
bis  knowledge.     It  was  difficult  to  provoke  his  anger,  arouse  his 


MILITAEY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  209 

enthusiasm,  or  draw  a  complaint  from  him ;  yet  he  manifested  the 
first  at  Mill  Springs,  displayed  the  second  at  the  fall  of  Atlanta, 
and  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  he  said  to  an  officer  who  had 
stated  a  grievance  to  him,  "  I  have  taken  a  great  deal  of  pains  to 
educate  myself  not  to  feel." 

General  Thomas  was  remarkable  for  his  exalted  virtues,  and  his 
perceptive  and  reflective  qualities  were  of  the  highest  order.  His 
mind  and  body  acted  with  equal  deliberation.  His  conclusions 
were  formed  after  mature  reflection ;  and  while  he  was  slow  of 
speech,  he  was  positive  when  he  did  speak.  He  was  well  in- 
formed upon  many  scientific  subjects,  and  few  men  better  under- 
stood the  value  of  the  microscope.  His  study  of  natural  history 
evinced  the  closest  observation.  While  stationed  at  Fort  Yuma 
he  forwarded  to  the  Smithsonian  Institute  a  species  of  the  bat 
the  like  of  which  has  not  been  discovered  elsewhere.  He  also 
made  a  careful  study  of  the  history  and  traditions  of  the  Yuma, 
and  other  Arizona,  Indians,  taking  many  notes  which,  if  not  de- 
stroyed, will  some  day  be  of  great  value.  He  was  compelled  to 
move  his  trains  at  New  Hope  Church,  during  the  Atlanta  cam 
paign,  in  consequence  of  a  heavy  cannonade  near  his  headquarters, 
and  as  soon  as  he  was  again  settled  he  began  a  discussion  upon 
the  art  of  castrametation,  and  expressed  the  opinion  that  modern 
civilization  had  not  improved  upon  the  camping  arrangements  of 
Moses. 

General  Thomas  peremptorily  refused  in  1867  permission  to  use 
his  name  in  connection  with  a  possible  Presidential  nomination, 
and  declined  in  1868  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-general  because  he 
had  done  nothing  since  the  war  to  entitle  him  to  such  an  honor. 
He  would  not  permit  the  members  of  his  staff  to  present  him  with 
a  silver  tea-service,  and  he  refused  the  gift  of  a  fortune  after  the 
war,  saying  in  substance  that  he  did  not  think  it  was  proper  for 
a  man  in  his  position  to  accept  valuable  presents  ;  that  his  income 
was  sufficient  to  supply  his  reasonable  wants;  and  suggested  that 
the  money  be  given  to  the  widows  and  orphans  of  the  soldiers  who 
had  died  for  their  country. 

When  certain  members  of  the  Tennessee  Legislature  expressed 

dissatisfaction  that  the  portrait  of  General  Thomas  adorned  the 

council  chamber  of  the  State,  he  asked  with  superb  independence 

that  the  painting  be  sent  to  him,  and  he  would  refund  from  his 

14 


210  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

private  resources  the  money  which  a  former  administration  had 
expended  for  it. 

The  Society  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  recently  erected, 
with  imposing  ceremonies,  a  colossal  equestrian  statue  of  General 
Thomas  in  the  city  of  Washington.  The  work  is  the  tribute  of  a 
great  sculptor  to  a  great  soldier,  and  stands  to-day  in  the  capital 
of  the  country  a  classic  in  the  American  plastic  art  of  the  present 
age,  as  it  is  the  best  work  of  the  kind  in  that  city. 

He  died  leaving  no  issue,  but  while  the  battles  of  Mill  Springs, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Kidge,  and  Nashville  add 
lustre  to  the  history  of  the  United  States  of  America  the  name 
of  Major-General  George  H.  Thomas  will  live  in  the  hearts  of 
his  countrymen. 

"  He  never  knew  what  envy  was,  nor  hate  ; 
His  soul  was  filled  with  worth  and  honesty.  .  .  . 
He  neither  wealth  nor  places  sought  : 
For  others,  not  himself,  he  fought.  .  .  . 
So,  blessed  of  all,  he  died  ;  but  far  more  blessed  were  we 
If  we  were  sure  to  live  till  we  again  could  see 
A  man  as  great  in  war,  as  just  in  peace,  as  he." 


3.  William  H.  Emory  was  born  in  Queen  Anne  County, 
Md.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of 
July,  1831,  and  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Artillery  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant ;  the  next  June  he  was  appointed  a  brevet  third  lieuten- 
ant in  the  Mounted  Rangers,  and  was  subsequently  transferred  to 
the  Fourth  Artillery  as  a  second  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  1, 
1831.  He  served  during  the  ensuing  five  years  at  Forts  Mcllenry 
and  Severn,  Md.  ;  at  Charleston  Harbor,  S.  C,  during  the  period 
of  the  threatened  nullification  in  that  State ;  at  Forts  Hamilton 
and  Lafayette,  N.  Y.,  and  in  the  operations  in  the  Creek  nation 
in  1836. 

He  resigned  his  commission  September  30,  1836,  to  accept,  upon 
the  invitation  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  an  appointment  as  an  as- 
sistant United  States  civil  engineer,  that  he  might  become  eligible 
for  an  appointment  in  the  Topographical  Corps.  He  acted  in  this 
capacity  until  July  7,  1838,  when  he  was  reappointed  in  the  army 
with  the  rank  of  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  Topographical 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  ,  211 

Engineers.  He  was  employed  on  harbor  improvements  in  the  Del' 
aware  River,  1839-42;  as  an  assistant  in  the  Topographical  Bureau 
at  Washington,  1843-44,  and  as  principal  assistant  on  the  North- 
eastern boundary  survey  between  the  United  States  and  the  British 
Provinces,  1844-46,  and  was  conspicuous  for  untiring  application 
to  the  duties  of  his  office,  and  also  for  a  proposal  to  continue  the 
surveys  during  the  winter  months  on  the  ridges  of  the  mountains 
separating  the  waters  flowing  into  the  St.  Lawrence  from  those  flow- 
ing into  the  Atlantic.  He  received  in  this  connection  the  high 
commendations  of  the  British  commissioner,  who  afterwards  died 
in  the  Crimea  holding  the  rank  of  adjutant-general  of  the  British 
army.  He  served  during  the  Mexican  War  as  chief  engineer  of 
the  Army  of  the  West,  which  was  organized  to  conquer  and  hold 
New  Mexico  and  California,  and  was  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general  for  Brigadier-General  Kearney,  who  commanded  that  army. 
He  subsequently  served  as  lieutenant-colonel  of  a  regiment  of 
Maryland  and  District  of  Columbia  volunteers  on  the  line  of  Vera 
Cruz  and  the  city  of  Mexico.  He  made,  while  serving  with  the 
Army  of  the  West,  a  reconnaissance  of  the  route  to  California  by 
the  way  of  the  Gila  River,  and  his  survey  is  yet  the  foundation  for 
maps  of  that  route.  He  participated  during  the  month  of  De- 
cember, 1846,  in  the  battle  of  San  Pasqual  and  the  skirmish  of  San 
Bernardino.  General  Kearney  assigned  him,  at  San  Pasqual,  to 
the  command  of  a  squadron  of  dragoons  for  a  perilous  and  impor- 
tant service,  which  he  successfully  accomplished,  winning  his  spurs 
and  laying  the  foundation  for  his  subsequent  transfer  to  the  cav- 
alry. He  also  participated,  in  January,  1847,  in  the  passage  of 
the  San  Gabriel  River  aud  the  skirmish  of  the  Mesa.  These  affairs 
were  important  and  hotly  contested,  and,  with  the  surprise  of  San 
Luis  Obispo,  constituted  all  the  organized  resistance  to  the  Ameri- 
can occupation  of  California.*     He  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to 

*  The  troops  were  exhausted  at  the  battle  of  San  Pasqual  because  of  a  long  overland  march. 
The  dragoons  were  mounted  on  bronchos  and  mules.  The  howitzers  were  manned  by  dragoons. 
These,  with  a  few  volunteers  and  a  small  detachment  from  the  Pacific  Squadron,  constituted 
the  American  forces.  The  dragoons  led  off  with  a  spirited  charge,  but,  because  of  the  obstinate 
natures  of  their  mounts,  were  badly  scattered.  The  enemy,  perceiving  this,  rallied,  and  a 
bloody  conflict  ensued  in  which  the  troops  were  severely  punished.  The  timely  arrival  of 
reinforcements  gained  the  day  and  the  enemy  retreated.  The  howitzers  could  not  be  brought 
into  action,  as  the  mules  were  determined  to  travel  in  any  direction  other  than  to  the  front. 
The  Americans  had  three  officers  and  sixteen  enlisted  men  killed  and  mortally  wounded.  The 
enemy,  mounted  on  fresh  horses,  used  their  lances  with  terrible  effect.    The  troops  encamped 


212  MILITAET   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICEES. 

date  from  December  6,  1846,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
at  the  battle  of  San  Pasqual ;  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from 
January  9,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles 
of  San  Gabriel  and  the  Mesa.  He  declined  an  appointment  of  ma- 
jor in  the  Third  Dragoons,  to  date  from  April  9,  1847,  because  the 
regiment  was  only  organized  for  and  during  the  war  with  Mexico. 
He  was  on  duty  from  1848  to  1853  as  chief  astronomer  for  the 
running  of  the  boundary  line  between  California  and  Mexico,  and 
served  on  that  work  through  all  its  vicissitudes  in  California,  when 
the  commissioner  who  was  appointed  never  joined  the  survey,  but 
expended  the  appropriations  traveling  in  Mexico,  until  Captain 
Emory  was  appointed  by  the  President,  in  1854,  both  commis- 
sioner and  astronomer,  with  full  powers,  under  the  Gadsden  treaty 
of  December  30,  1853.  He  completed  the  work  in  1857  to  the 
entire  satisfaction  of  the  government,  and  received  the  brevet  of 
lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  October  19,  1857,  for  valuable  and 
distinguished  services  as  commissioner  for  establishing  the  boun- 
dary line  between  the  United  States  and  the  Republic  of  Mexico. 
While  employed  upon  this  work  he  was  promoted  a  captain  in  his 
corps,  to  date  from  April  24,  1851,  and  was  appointed  a  major  in 
the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855  ;  but, 
without  joining  the  regiment,  was  transferred,  May  26,  1855,  in 
that  grade,  to  the  Fourth  (old  First)  Cavalry.  During  his  long 
service  in  the  Topographical — now  the  Engineer — Corps  he  was 
very  active  and  deservedly  conspicuous  for  his  surveys  and  in  com- 
piling and  reducing  to  form  such  maps  as  existed  of  the  country 
west  of  the  Mississippi  River.  He  aided  and  matured  the  plans 
for  the  survey  of  the  railway  routes  to  the  Pacific,  and  surveyed 
and  first  brought  to  notice  the  Southern  Pacific  route  through 
Texas,  the  Paso  del  Norte,  and  Arizona,  which  was  obliterated  by 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion.     He  also  prepared  three  valuable  works 

on  the  battle-field.  The  skirmish  of  San  Bernardino  occurred  the  next  day,  when  the  enemy- 
were  repulsed,  but  the  situation  was  very  critical,  and  an  express  was  dispatched  to  San  Diego 
for  assistance.  On  the  10th  of  December  the  camp  was  unsuccessfully  attacked  by  the  enemy, 
and  the  timely  arrival  of  reinforcements  relieved  Kearney,  who  succeeded  in  marching  the 
command  to  San  Diego,  where  it  arrived  on  the  12th  of  December,  1846.  The  passage  of  the 
San  Gabriel  was  quite  hotly  contested  by  the  enemy.  The  dragoons  were  then  on  foot,  having 
had  enough  of  broncho  and  mule  mounts,  and,  charging  handsomely,  routed  the  enemy,  who 
rallied  on  the  Mesa  the  next  day  to  dispute  the  occupation  of  Los  Angeles.  The  troops  dis- 
persed them  and  occupied  the  town.  Brackett's  "History  of  the  United  States  Cavalry,"  pp. 
71-77,  gives  interesting  narratives  of  these  affairs. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  213 

for  publication— namely,  "Notes  of  a  Military  Keconnaissance 
from  Fort  Leavenworth  to  San  Diego,"  "Notes  of  Travel  in 
California,"  and  "The  Keport  of  the  United  States  and  Mexican 
Boundary  Commission." 

Major  Emory  joined  his  regiment  in  Kansas  and  served  during 
the  border  troubles  of  1857,  participated  in  the  Utah  expedition  of 
1858,  and  was  stationed  in  the  Indian  Territory  in  1859.     He  was 
a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  which  was  convened  January- April, 
1860,  to  revise  the  programme  of  instruction  at  the  Military  Aca- 
demy.    He  was  then  appointed  an  inspector-general  and  made  a 
tour  of  inspection  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  returned  to  Washing- 
ton in  the  early  part  of  1861,  when  he  was  informed  by  the  general- 
in-chief  that  the  political  state  of  the  country  made  it  necessary  for 
him  to  rejoin  and  assume  the  command  of  his  regiment,  then  serv- 
ing in  the  Indian  Territory.       He  delayed,  while  en  route,  two 
weeks  at  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  waiting  for  the  arrival  of  certain  per- 
sons who  had  promised,  in  the  presence  of  General  Scott,  to  meet 
him  there  in  the  interests  of  the  government ;  but  as  they  did  not 
come,  and  learning  that  another  officer  had  been  detailed  for  the 
position  which  he  had  relinquished,  he  fell  into  the  error  of  believing 
that  he  had  been  ordered  to  distant  service  that  the  obstacle  might 
be  removed  which  prevented  the  appointment  of  another  to  that 
office,  and  he  forwarded  his  unconditional  resignation  and  resumed 
his  journey  ;   but  receiving  on  the  same  day  a  dispatch  announc- 
ing that  hostilities  had  begun  at  Fort  Sumter,  he  immediately,  by 
letter  and  telegram,  recalled  the  resignation,  dismissed  all  personal 
feelings  from  his  mind,  and  hastened  forward  to  his  new  field  of 
duty,  traveling  mainly  by  night,  without  an  escort,  and  upon  ar- 
rival at  Fort  Washita  late  in  April  found  himself  the  senior  officer 
on  the  northern  frontier  of  Texas.     He  was  overtaken  near  Perry- 
ville  by  a  Confederate  agent,  who  informed  him  that  the  Texas 
insurgents  were  prepared  to  capture  the  military  stations  in  the 
Indian  Territory,  as  had  already  been  accomplished  in  that  State, 
and  that  the  troops  would  be  held  as  prisoners  of  war  unless  they 
joined  the  insurrectionary  forces  ;  the  agent  then  announced  that 
he  was  authorized  to  offer  Major  Emory  the  command  of  the  Con- 
federate forces  in  that  section  with  the  rank  of  a  major-general,  but 
the  emissary  received  such  an  emphatic  and  indignant  refusal  that 
he  drove  away  more  rapidly  than  he  had  approached.    The  orders 


214  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

which  Major  Emory  had  received  from  the  general-in-chief  were 
conditional.  If  affairs  remained  unchanged  he  was  to  establish 
himself  at  Fort  Arbuckle;  but  if  Arkansas  should  pass  an  ordi- 
nance of  secession  he  was  to  assume  command  of  the  troops  in  the 
Indian  Territory,  including  the  garrison  at  Fort  Smith.  The  fail- 
ure of  the  persons  heretofore  mentioned  to  meet  him  at  Fort  Smith, 
and  the  incident  at  Perryville,  convinced  him  that  not  only  Texas 
but  also  Arkansas  and  the  Indian  Territory  were  in  a  state  of  in- 
surrection, and  that  a  conspiracy  existed  to  capture  the  United 
States  troops  in  that  section.  He  therefore  determined  to  proceed 
to  Fort  Washita  instead  of  Fort  Arbuckle,  and  exercise  his  au- 
thority to  the  utmost  limit  for  the  purpose' of  defeating  the  plans 
of  the  enemy  ;  and,  upon  his  own  responsibility,  he  ordered  a 
rapid  concentration  of  the  cavalry  at  Fort  Washita  and  of  the  in- 
fantry at  Fort  Arbuckle,  with  the  intention  of  holding  both  posts 
until  he  was  reinforced  or  directed  to  retire.  But  he  met  at  the 
threshold  of  these  movements  the  physical  obstacle  of  a  deficiency 
of  transportation,  and  above  all  the  moral  obstacle  of  a  want  of 
belief  by  those  under  his  command  that  a  rebellion  against  the 
United  States  was  already  begun  or  that  any  necessity  existed  for 
such  a  concentration,  while  the  commanders  of  all  the  posts,  ex- 
cept Fort  Smith,  insisted  that  he  was  exceeding  his  authority, 
exjDOsing  the  frontiers  to  hostile  Indians,  and  affording  the  seces- 
sionists an  excuse  and  opportunity  to  rise  against  the  government. 
They  carried  this  opposition  so  far  as  to  forward  their  protests  to 
the  War  Department.  But  before  five  companies  had  assembled 
at  Fort  Washita  the  condition  of  affairs  became  so  critical  and  the 
enemy's  forces  moving  against  him  so  great  that  he  was  compelled 
to  abandon  the  country.  He  did  not  act  a  day  too  soon.  The 
enemy  moved  so  rapidly  that  it  became  impossible  to  carry  out  his 
original  plans.  He  abandoned  Fort  Washita,  first  destroying  all 
supplies  that  he  could  not  take  with  him,  and  moved  to  the  rear 
of  Fort  Arbuckle,  ordering  the  companies  which  had  been  directed 
to  assemble  there  to  join  him  prepared  for  a  forced  march  to  the 
open  prairies.  Fort  Arbuckle  was  abandoned  on  the  4th  of  May, 
after  the  flag  had  been  lowered  with  military  honors,  and  the  con- 
centration as  ordered  was  successfully  accomplished,  except  the 
garrison  from  Fort  Cobb,  which  joined  him  on  the  third  day  t  here- 
after.   Just  then  an  officer  reported  to  Major  Emory  with  dis- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 


215 


patches  from  General  Scott,  directing  him  to  do  precisely  what  had 
already  been  done  ;  but  if  he  had  waited  for  these  instructions  be- 
fore taking  any  action  not  a  soldier  would,  have  escaped.  On  the 
same  day  the  advance-guard  of  the  enemy  came  in  view.  A  squad- 
ron of  cavalry  was  detached  with  orders  to  capture  them,  which 
was  successfully  accomplished,  and  Major  Emory  then  learned  that 
the  enemy,  four  thousand  strong,  were  within  a  day's  march  of  his 
rear,  while  another  force  of  two  thousand  men  were  marching  from 
Arkansas  towards  Fort  Gibson,  expecting  that  the  United  States 
troops  would  pass  that  post,  as  it  was  on  the  line  of  the  shortest 
route  to  Kansas,  and  where,  if  the  Texans  failed  to  overtake  them, 
the  Arkansas  troops  could  intercept  their  retreat  and  capture 
them,  or  hold  them  in  check  until  reinforcements  arrived. 

The  judicious  action  of  Major  Emory  had  thus  far  anticipated 
the  wishes  of  the  general-in-chief,  and  as  there  was  no  object  to  be 
gained  by  holding  his  command  in  that  country,  and  being  unable 
to  contend  against  the  overwhelming  numbers  which  were  threat- 
ening his  rear  and  flank,  he  marched  rapidly  towards  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, where  he  arrived  on  the  31st  day  of  May,  without  the  loss  of 
a  man,  a  horse,  or  a  wagon,  and  won  the  conspicuous  honor  of  being 
the  only  officer  on  the  frontiers  who  had  baffled  the  designs  of  the 
enemy  and  brought  his  entire  command  out  of  the  insurrectionary 
country.  The  forces  thus  rescued  from  capture  by  his  judgment 
and  energy  consisted  of  five  companies  of  cavalry,  seven  companies 
of  infantry,  and  four  pieces  of  artillery.  These  troops  were  of 
great  importance  beyond  the  consideration  of  numbers,  as  their 
timely  arrival  restored  confidence  to  the  friends  of  the  government 
in  that  section,  while  they  formed  the  nucleus  of  General  Lyon's 
army  and  probably  prevented  the  secessionists  from  forcing  Mis- 
souri into  the  rebellion. 

His  promotion  to  the  lieutenant-colonelcy  of  the  Fourth  (old 
First)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  January  31,  1861,  was  announced,  on 
the  3d  of  April,  in  orders  from  the  War  Department  ;  but  upon  his 
arrival  at  Fort  Leavenworth  he  learned  to  his  surprise  that  his 
resignation  as  a  major  had  been  accepted,  to  date  from  May  9, 
1861.  He  immediately  repaired  to  Washington,  when  the  President 
tendered  him  the  lieutenant-colonelcy  of  the  Sixth  (old  Third) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  14,  1861.  He  accepted  the  appoint- 
ment and  proceeded,  in  July,  to  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  where   he  re- 


216  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

cruited  and  organized  the  entire  regiment,  and  then  moved  it  in 
the  latter  part  of  August  to  Bladensburg,  where  the  men  were 
mounted  and  prepared  for  the  field.  The  regiment  was  then 
ordered  to  Washington,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city  dur- 
ing the  winter  of  1861-62. 

He  participated  in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  cam- 
paigns, moving  with  his  regiment  early  in  March  against  the  ene- 
my, who  were  abandoning  their  works  at  Centreville,  Va.,  and  pur- 
sued the  rear-guard  to  Warrenton  Junction,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  Alexandria,  and  on  his  way  to  that  place  was  appointed  a  briga- 
dier-general of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  17,  1862,  and  was 
soon  thereafter  placed  in  command  of  the  brigade  of  regular  cav- 
alry, with  which  he  embarked  at  Alexandria  and  proceeded  to 
Hampton  Eoads.  He  participated  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown, 
where  on  the  morning  of  the  evacuation  he  was  ordered  to  the 
front,  and  by  a  prompt  and  vigorous  pursuit  intercepted  the  ene- 
my's rear-guard  ;  but  his  forces  being  inadequate  to  hold  them 
without  reinforcements,  they  succeeded  in  escaping  under  cover  of 
the  night.  He  was  left  with  his  command  to  guard  the  branch  of 
the  Lee's  Mill  road  which  leads  to  Allen's  farm,  and  the  next 
morning  it  was  ascertained  that  the  enemy's  right  at  Williamsburg 
could  be  turned  by  this  route.  Troops  were  sent  to  him  with 
orders  to  make  the  attack ;  but  because  of  a  lack  of  knowledge  of 
the  ground  and  the  lateness  of  the  hour  he  did  not  succeed  in  the 
movement,  which,  if  successful,  might  have  produced  important 
results. 

General  Emory  commanded  the  brigade  of  regular  cavalry  at 
the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  where  he  distinguished  him- 
self by  separating  the  wings  of  the  Confederate  army,  capturing 
many  prisoners,  including  a  North  Carolina  regiment,  and  in 
pushing  his  cavalry  to  the  front  and  right,  effectually  destroying 
the  railway  bridges  between  Hanover  Junction  and  the  Chicka- 
hominy,  and  driving  the  enemy  out  of  Ashland.  He  was  twice 
thanked  on  the  field  by  the  general  commanding  for  the  success  of 
his  brilliant  operations,  and  at  a  later  day  received  the  brevet 
of  colonel,  to  date  from  May  27,  1862,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious services.  After  General  Stuart's  celebrated  raid  around  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  which  General  Emory  attempted  to  inter- 
cept with  the  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Lancers  where  the  Yorktown 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  217 

road  crosses  the  Pammikey  and  Richmond  Railway,  he  was  chi<  fly 
employed  on  outpost  duty  in  guarding  the  line  of  the  Pamunkey 
up  to  Hanover  Court-House  until  the  Confederates,  under  Gen- 
eral Jackson,  passed  down  and  opened  the  hattle  of  Gaines's  Mill. 
He  was  then  to  the  rear,  and  on  the  left  flank,  of  the  enemy, 
occupying  Hanover  Old  Church,  with  his  scouts  covering  the  road 
to  Hanover  Court-House.  He  at  once  destroyed  all  the  crossings 
on  the  Tolopatomoy,  obstructed  the  highways,  and  assembled  his 
forces  where  the  road  crossed  the  main  highway  to  Richmond. 
The  enemy,  however,  passed  to  the  left,  but  their  progress  was 
seriously  impeded  by  the  activity  of  General  Emory's  skirmishers. 
About  noon  on  the  26th  of  June  he  was  ordered  to  fall  back  to 
Old  Church,  which  he  was  reluctant  to  do,  as  he  was  well  to  the 
rear,  and  on  the  left  flank,  of  the  enemy,  and  in  an  advantageous 
position  to  attack  ;  but  the  order  being  repeated,  he  slowly  re- 
tired as  the  National  forces  were  pressed  back  by  the  enemy,  still 
holding  the  Pamunkey  road  and  being  most  of  the  time  to  the 
rear  of  the  enemy's  left  flank,  until  he  was  ordered,  with  other 
forces,  to  cover  the  retreat  at  the  White  House  Landing,  from 
which  point  General  McClellan  had  determined  to  transfer  the 
National  base  of  supplies  to  the  James  River. 

General  Emory  was  then  ordered  to  Yorktown,  where,  after  a 
brief  service,  he  embarked  his  brigade  at  Hampton  Roads,  and 
arrived  at  Harrison's  Landing  about  the  4th  of  July,  when,  it 
being  deemed  impracticable  to  continue  the  organization  of  the 
brigade,  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  First  Brigade, 
Second  Division  of  the  Fourth  Army  Corps.  He  retained  this 
command  while  the  army  remained  at  Harrison's  Landing  and  dur- 
ing the  retrograde  movement  to  Yorktown,  which  place  he  was 
ordered  to  occupy  and  prepare  for  defense — a  task  involving  great 
labor,  not  only  in  reconstructing  the  works,  but  also  in  leveling  the 
approaches  which  had  been  thrown  up  by  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  siege  of  the  preceding  April.  He  was  relieved  from  this 
duty,  at  his  own  request,  for  field-service  about  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber and  ordered  to  Baltimore,  where  he  was  placed  in  command  of 
the  new  troops  at  that  place  for  the  'purpose  of  organizing  a 
division.  On  the  10th  of  November  he  embarked  with  six  regi- 
ments on  ocean  steamers  and  sailed  to  Old  Point,  where  he  was 
joined  by  other  regiments  and  placed  in  command  of  all  the  forces, 


218  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

numbering  about  twelve  thousand  men.  He  sailed,  on  the  4th  of 
December,  with  sixteen  vessels,  for  Ship  Island,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  13th,  and  thence,  six  days  later,  for  New  Orleans,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  21st,  and  on  January  3,  1863,  he  was  placed  in 
command  of  the  troops  at  Carrollton,  La.,  and  of  the  Third  Divi- 
sion of  the  Nineteenth  Army  Corps.  He  moved  his  division,  in 
March,  to  Baton  Rouge,  and,  on  the  13th,  marched  thence  and 
attacked  Port  Hudson  to  create  a  diversion  to  enable  Admiral 
Farragut  to  pass  that  place  with  his  fleet.  He  then  proceeded 
to  the  Teche  country,  where,  on  the  13th  of  April,  he  attacked 
Bisland,  a  strongly  fortified  camp  of  the  enemy,  the  defense 
of  which  was  aided  by  gunboats.  His  division  made  the  direct 
attack,  which  drove  the  Confederates  within  their  works  and 
forced  their  retreat  during  the  night,  which  he  followed  to 
Alexandria,  marching  one  hundred  miles  in  four  days.  He  was 
assigned,  in  June,  to  command  the  defenses  of  New  Orleans 
while  General  Banks'  army  was  occurred  with  the  siege  of  Port 
Hudson.  He  had  only  sixteen  hundred  men,  and,  this  fact 
coming  to  the  knowledge  of  the  enemy,  a  large  army  was  moved 
against  the  city,  either  to  capture  it  or  force  an  abandonment  of 
the  siege  of  Port  Hudson ;  but  General  Emory  was  equal  to  the 
emergency,  and  when  the  enemy  crossed  the  Plaquemine  and 
moved  down  the  Bayou  Lafourche  for  the  purpose  of  seizing 
Brashear  City  and  attacking  New  Orleans  in  the  rear,  he  dis- 
patched all  his  forces  to  the  place  where  the  railway  crossed  the 
Bayou  Lafourche,  and  in  two  engagements  (June  21-22)  defeated 
the  enemy  with  a  severe  loss,  but  Brashear  City  was  cut  off  and 
fell  into  their  hands.  The  enemy  then  moved  against  Fort  Butler, 
at  Donaldsonville,  which  had  been  left  almost  without  a  garrison, 
notwithstanding  the  works  commanded  the  passage  of  the  river. 
General  Emory  succeeded,  with  the  assistance  of  the  naval  forces, 
in  reinforcing  the  fort,  and  then  awaited  the  assault,  which  was 
begun  with  great  vigor  about  one  o'clock  a.m.  on  the  28th  of 
June,  and  handsomely  repulsed  with  a  heavy  loss  to  the  enemy. 
He  then  returned  his  forces  to  New  Orleans,  and  was  actively 
engaged  in  strengthening  the  defenses  of  the  city  when  the  fall  of 
Port  Hudson,  on  the  8th  of  July,  relieved  the  place  from  further 
danger,  and  he  was  returned  to  the  command  of  his  division  in  the 
Nineteenth  Corps.     A  few  weeks  later  he  was  compelled  to  go 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  219 

North  for  medical  treatment,  and  upon  his  return  (ahout  which 
time  he  was  promoted  to  the  colonelcy  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  October  27,  1863)  joined  the  army  at  New  Iberia,  and 
was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  First  Division  of  the  Nine- 
teenth Corps,  and  moved  to  Franklin,  where  he  commanded  the 
corps  during  a  part  of  January,  18G4.  His  division  moved  in 
March,  1864,  as  a  part  of  the  Red  River  expedition,  and  met  the 
fleet,  under  Admiral  Porter,  at  Alexandria.  The  enemy  attacked 
the  advance-guard  of  the  army  at  Sabine  Cross-Roads  on  the  8th  of 
April,  driving  them  back  with  considerable  loss  and  capturing  a 
large  number  of  guns  and  wagons.  General  Emory,  then  in  the  rear, 
was  ordered  to  the  front,  and,  after  a  rapid  march  of  three  miles, 
met  the  men,  who  were  retreating  with  the  report  that  they  had 
been  badly  defeated.  Failing  to  check  them,  he  moved  forward 
at  a  double-quick  and  formed  a  single  line  of  battle  in  an  advan- 
tageous position  on  the  brow  of  a  hill.  The  enemy  came  dashing 
on  in  three  disorderly  columns,  evidently  believing  that  they  had 
only  to  fight  a  retreating  rear-guard ;  but  they  received  such  a 
steady  and  terrific  fire  that  within  half  an  hour  they  retreated  and 
disappeared  from  his  front.  His  prompt  and  decisive  conduct 
upon  this  occasion  rescued  General  Banks'  army  from  a  great  peril, 
if  not  from  an  irretrievable  disaster,  and  if  there  had  been  any 
cavalry  available  at  the  moment  when  he  so  successfully  repulsed 
the  enemy  they  could  have  retaken  all  the  guns  and  wagons  which 
had  been  captured  during  the  morning.  The  army  retired  during 
the  night  to  a  position  in  front  of  the  village  of  Pleasant  Hill, 
where  it  was  re-formed  with  the  right  of  General  Emory's  division 
resting  on  the  edge  of  a  swamp,  while  the  left,  extending  into  an 
open  field,  was  to  be  supported  by  the  Seventeenth  Corps.  On  the 
afternoon  of  the  9th  the  enemy  drove  in  the  pickets,  and  having 
discovered  the  exposed  condition  of  the  left  flank,  at  once  at- 
tacked it,  and  completely  enveloped  the  First  and  Second  Brigades 
of  his  division  ;  but  a  part  of  the  Seventeenth  Corps  coming  to  his 
assistance,  a  counter-charge  was  handsomely  made,  which  not  only 
resulted  in  recovering  the  position  but  also  in  routing  the  enemy 
and  driving  them  from  the  field.  Meanwhile  the  fleet  was  com- 
pelled, owing  to  the  low  stage  of  water,  to  steam  down  the  river. 
This  forced  the  army  to  abandon  Pleasant  Hill  and  retire  to 
Grand  Ecore,  whence  was  begun  the  march  for  Alexandria,  and 


220  MILITAEY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICEES. 

upon  arrival  at  Cheneyville  it  was  ascertained  that  the  enemy  in- 
tended to  dispute  the  crossing  at  Cane  Kiver.  General  Emory  was 
informed  about  midnight  by  General  Franklin,  who  was  in  com- 
mand during  the  temporary  absence  of  General  Banks,  that  he  was 
suffering  too  much  from  a  wound  to  ride  on  horseback  and  that 
the  command  was  passed  to  him.  General  Emory  gave  such  orders 
as  seemed  necessary,  and  at  daybreak  (April  23)  marched  against 
the  enemy  and  found  them  strongly  posted  and  prepared  for  battle. 
He  engaged  attention  by  an  attack  in  front  while  two  strong 
forces  were  moved  across  the  river,  above  and  below  the  crossing, 
and  as  the  force  from  above  struck  the  enemy's  rear  and  flank 
General  Emory  vigorously  pushed  the  attack  in  front,  when  the 
enemy  became  panic-stricken  and  fled  from  the  field.  The  cross- 
ing of  the  army  was  then  accomplished  without  further  molesta- 
tion, and  it  arrived  at  Alexandria  in  time  to  assist  the  fleet  over 
the  bar  which  obstructed  the  passage  at  that  place,  when  the  fleet 
continued  down  the  river,  and  the  army  resumed  the  march  towards 
Atchafalaya.  He  succeeded,  on  the  4th  of  May,  to  the  command 
of  the  Nineteenth  Corps,  and  a  few  days  later  was  engaged  with 
the  enemy  at  Marksville.  He  received  for  his  services  in  this  cam- 
paign the  brevet  of  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  July 
23,  1864,  and  two  days  later  was  assigned,  by  direction  of  the 
President,  to  duty  according  to  his  brevet  rank.  The  army  sepa- 
rated at  Atchafalaya,  and  General  Emory  was  sent  to  Morganzia 
with  instructions  to  prepare  his  troops  for  a  participation  in  the 
attack  on  Mobile  ;  but  when  he  was  ready  to  embark  for  this  ser- 
vice the  order  was  countermanded  and  he  was  dispatched,  early  in 
July,  with  two  divisions  of  his  corps  to  City  Point,  and  upon 
arrival  at  Fort  Monroe  was  ordered  to  co-operate  with  the  Sixth 
Corps  in  the  defense  of  Washington,  which  place  he  reached 
with  the  advance  of  his  command  on  the  day  that  General  Early 
threatened  the  city.  His  arrival  was  very  timely,  as,  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  11th  of  July,  General  Early  was  near  the  fortifications 
covering  the  northern  approach  to  the  capital,  and  in  the  afternoon 
the  Confederate  infantry  were  in  front  of  Fort  Stevens.  It  is  now 
on  record  in  the  War  Department  that  the  Confederates  had  a 
full  knowledge  of  the  arrival  of  the  Nineteenth  Corps,  and  that 
this  was  one  of  the  considerations  which  determined  General  Early 
to  retire.     General  Emory  was  at  once  dispatched  in  pursuit  of 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  221 

the  retreating  enemy,  who  were  followed  to  the  crossing  of  the 
Shenandoah,  where  an  order  was  received  to  retire  to  the  Monor 
cacy,  whence  the  troops  were  moved  by  rail  to  Harper's  Ferry 
and  the  adjacent  country.  Shortly  thereafter  the  several  corps 
were  united  as  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah.  A  succession  of 
marches,  countermarches,  and  combats  ensued  until  the  19th 
of  September,  when  the  battle  of  Winchester  was  fought;  here 
General  Emory  was  conspicuously  engaged,  and,  with  his  corps, 
contributed  largely  to  the  brilliant  success  of  the  day,  although, 
owing  to  a  delay  occasioned  by  the  movement  of  the  Sixth  Corps, 
the  head  of  his  column  did  not  arrive  on  the  field  of  battle 
until  mid-day.  This  delay  was  charged  by  Mr.  Swinton  as  the 
fault  of  General  Emory — an  injustice  which  he  afterwards  corrected 
in  a  revised  edition  of  his  history.  A  few  days  later  General 
Emory  participated  in  the  battle  of  Fisher's  Hill,  where  his  corps 
(with  the  Sixth)  attacked,  at  noon,  the  strongly  intrenched  camp 
in  front,  by  the  main  road,  and  captured  the  rifle-pits  ;  and  then, 
under  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  guns,  opened  trenches,  erected  earth- 
batteries,  and  held  the  position  until  the  Eighth  Corps  turned 
General  Early's  flank  and  sent  him  whirling  up  the  Valley.  His 
corps  pursued  the  enemy  all  night,  having  an  engagement  with  the 
rear-guard,  and  arrived  at  Woodstock  at  daybreak  the  next  morn- 
ing. The  pursuit  was  continued  to  Harrisonburg,  when  the  army 
was  recalled  and  encamped  on  the  east  side  of  Cedar  Creek,  where 
was  fought,  on  the  19th  of  October,  the  last  battle  of  the  war 
for  the  possession  of  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  where  the 
steadfastness  of  the  Nineteenth  Corps,  after  the  first  surprise,  did 
much  to  hold  the  enemy  in  check  during  the  disasters  of  the 
morning  and  contributed  largely  to  the  splendid  victory  of  the 
afternoon.  The  defeat  of  the  Eighth  Corps  about  daybreak  left 
the  Nineteenth  Corps  exposed  in  flank  and  rear ;  but  the  men 
always  paraded  at  reveille  under  arms,  and  this  custom,  together 
with  the  fact  that  a  large  part  of  the  corps  was  to  have  made  a 
reconnaissance  that  morning  and  was  at  breakfast  when  the  attack 
was  made,  saved  it  from  sharing  the  fate  of  the  Eighth  Corps. 
General  Emory  had  two  horses  killed  under  him  during  the  first 
quarter-hour  of  the  battle.  When  the  fog  lifted  at  eight  o'clock 
a.m.  the  men  of  the  corps  had  done  some  good  fighting,  retained 


222  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

their  organization  and  obeyed  their  officers,  although  they  had 
passed  through  a  fearful  ordeal.  A  part  of  their  artillery  had 
been  abandoned,  while  portions  of  the  corps  had  made  a  des- 
perate resistance  and  had  met  with  severe  losses  under  very  de- 
pressing circumstances — the  crossing  of  the  corps  over  Meadow 
Creek  for  the  purpose  of  rallying  the  men  having  been  made  at 
the  sacrifice  of  nearly  half  the  One  Hundred  and  Fourteenth 
New  York  Volunteers,  which  nobly  held  the  enemy  in  check  until 
the  crossing  could  be  effected.  While  in  the  confusion  and  un- 
certainty of  the  first  attack  the  corps  had  lost  many  men,  it  was 
steady  the  remainder  of  the  day,  and  the  men  re-formed  after 
crossing  Meadow  Creek,  with  greatly  depleted  ranks  but  with  un- 
abated courage,  which  was  strengthened  by  the  presence  of  their 
skilful  and  vigorous  commander;  their  crowning  triumph  of  the 
day  was  the  charge  made  by  the  First  Division — the  beginning  of 
the  end — which  sealed  the  fate  of  General  Early  on  that  field  and 
in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  drove  him  behind  the  intrench- 
ments  of  Fisher's  Hill. 

General  Emory  received  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general,  to  date 
from  March  13,  1865,  for  services  at  the  battle  of  Fisher's  Hill  and 
during  the  campaign  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  ;  and  the  brevet 
of  major-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  services  at 
the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek ;  and  on  the  7th  of  November  he  was 
assigned,  by  the  President,  to  the  permaneut  command  of  the 
Nineteenth  Corps. 

The  army  was  established  in  winter  quarters  near  "Winchester 
until  February,  1865,  when  General  Sheridan  moved  up  the  Valley 
with  his  cavalry  to  raid  in  the  rear  of  the  enemy,  leaving  General 
Emory  in  command  of  the  forces  remaining  at  that  place.  The 
Nineteenth  Corps  was  discontinued  in  March,  and  he  was  then 
placed  in  command  of  the  Department  of  West  Virginia,  with  his 
headquarters  at  Cumberland,  Md.  He  continued  in  this  position 
until  January  15,  1866,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer 
service  as  a  major-general,  having  been  commissioned  in  that 
grade  September  25,  1865. 

He  assumed  the  command  of  the  regiment  at  Washington  City 
in  March,  1866,  which  he  retained  until  November,  1871,  and  was 
also  employed  during  this  period  in  command  of  the  garrison  and 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF    OFFICERS.  223 

Department  of  Washington,  186G-G8,  and  the  command  of  Fort 
McPherson  and  the  District  of  the  Republican,  in  the  Department 
of  the  Platte,  1869-71.  lie  also  served,  in  18G6,  as  a  member 
of  the  Examining  Board  on  civilian  appointments  to  the  army, 
as  a  member  of  a  Retiring  Board  in  18G7,  and  as  a  member  of 
the  Cavalry  Tactics  Board  in  18G8-G9.  He  was  detached  from  the 
regiment  in  November,  1871,  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf,  with  his  headquarters  at  New  Orleans, 
and  remained  on  this  duty  until  March,  1875,  when  he  was  relieved 
and  placed  on  waiting  orders.  The  full  history  of  affairs  in 
Louisiana  daring  this  period  is  not  yet  given  to  the  public,  but 
events  thus  far  transpired  seem  to  justify  his  official  acts  while 
he  was  exercising  that  command,  which  was  the  most  difficult  he 
ever  had,  and,  all  things  considered,  the  most  successful;  but  a 
discussion  would  involve  some  criticism  and  a  knowledge  which  no 
person  could  possess  without  having  been  at  New  Orleans  during 
his  administration.  When  the  President  became  acquainted  with 
all  the  facts  he  apparently  regretted  that  he  had  yielded  to  the  de- 
mand for  a  change  of  department  commander,  and  strongly  advo- 
cated General  Emory's  promotion  upon  his  retirement  from  active 
service.  He  returned  to  duty  in  October,  1875,  as  president  of  a 
Retiring  Board,  and  so  continued  until  July  1,  1876,  when  he  was 
retired  from  active  service  under  an  act  of  Congress  of  June 
26,  1876,  with  the  rank  of  a  brigadier-general  as  a  recognition 
of  long  and  faithful  service,  embracing  a  period  of  forty-three 
years,  during  ten  of  which  he  had  discharged  the  duties  of  a 
general  officer. 

His  home  is  in  Washington  City,  where  he  is  universally  es- 
teemed, and  he  enjoys  a  national  reputation  as  a  gallant  soldier 
who  has  devoted  the  best  years  of  an  active  life  to  the  service  of 
his  country. 


4.  Wesley  Mereitt  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1860  (the  term  of 
the  class  being  five  years),  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons 
(now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant.     He  was 


224  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  January  28, 1861  ; 
a  first  lieutenant  May  13,  1861 ;  and  a  captain  April  5,  1862.  He 
joined  his  company  in  Utah  in  November,  1860,  and  served  at 
Camp  Floyd  until  the  early  summer  of  1861.  He  was  appointed 
adjutant  of  his  regiment  on  the  1st  of  July,  1861,  and  served  as 
acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  Department  of  Utah  and 
of  the  United  States  troops  during  the  movement  from  Utah  to 
Washington,  where  he  arrived  in  October,  1861,  and  served  during 
the  winter  of  1861-62  in  the  defenses  of  the  city.  He  relinquished 
the  adjutancy  of  his  regiment  January  1,  1862,  having  been  pre- 
viously appointed  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier-General  Cooke, 
who  commanded  the  regular  cavalry  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
and  later  the  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  Virginia 
Peninsular  campaign,  and  participated  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown, 
the  skirmish  near  Williamsburg,  and  the  battles  of  Williamsburg, 
Gaines's  Mill,  and  Glendale.  He  continued  on  the  staff  of  Gen- 
eral Cooke  until  September,  1862,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the 
headquarters  of  the  defenses  and  Department  of  Washington, 
commanded  by  General  Heintzelman,  where  he  remained  until 
April,  1863,  when  he  again  entered  the  field  as  an  aide-de-camp 
for  Brigadier-General  Stoneman,  and  served  with  him,  in  April 
and  May,  during  his  raid  towards  Kichmond.  He  then  rejoined 
his  regiment,  which  he  commanded  in  the  superb  cavalry  engage- 
ment at  Beverly  Ford,  where,  on  the  9th  of  June,  1863,  the  National 
forces  crossed  the  Eappahannock,  surprised  the  enemy's  pickets, 
and  maintained  for  hours  an  obstinate  battle  with  a  superior  force. 
He  narrowly  escaped  capture,  being  at  one  time  almost,  if  not 
quite,  surrounded  by  the  enemy.  He  won  the  highest  commen- 
dation from  General  Buford  for  conspicuous  gallantry  on  that 
field  ;  and  in  those  days  the  praise  of  John  Buford  was  more  highly 
esteemed  by  the  officers  under  his  command  than  a  brevet  com- 
mission. 

He  commanded  his  regiment  in  the  engagements  at  Upperville 
and  Aldie,  and,  about  the  1st  of  July,  was  appointed,  in  recogni- 
tion of  brilliant  services  at  Beverly  Ford,  a  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  to  date  from  June  29,  1863,  and  Avas  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Eeserve  Cavalry  Brigade  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  during  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  participated  in 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  225 

the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  where  he  won  his  first  brevet  (major), 
to  date  from  July  1,  18G3  ;  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to  Warren- 
ton  ;  the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Hagerstown,  Boonsboro,  Funks- 
town,  Falling  Waters,  and  Manassas  Gap.  He  then  succeeded 
General  Buford  in  the  command  of  the  First  Division  of  cavalry, 
participated  in  the  operations  in  Central  Virginia,  and  was  en- 
gaged at  Culpepper  Court-House,  Brandy  Station,  and  Barnett's 
Ford.  He  participated  in  the  Richmond  campaign  of  1864,  and 
was  engaged  at  Todd's  Tavern,  Yellow  Tavern,  Meadow  Bridge, 
Hawes'  Shop,  Old  Church,  and  Cold  Harbor,  winning  the  brevet 
of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  May  11,  1864,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Yellow  Tavern  ;  and  the 
brevet  of  colonel,  to  date  from  May  28,  1864,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Hawes'  Shop.  He  accom- 
panied General  Sheridan  on  the  cavalry  raid  towards  Charlottes- 
ville, and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Trevillian  Station  (where 
he  rescued  the  Third  Division  of  cavalry  from  impending  capture 
when  almost  surrounded  by  the  enemy)  and  the  action  at  Derby- 
town. 

General  Merritt  was  transferred,  in  August,  1864,  from  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  moved,  by 
the  way  of  City  Point,  Giesboro  Point,  and  Harper's  Ferry,  to 
Halltown,  where  he  arrived  about  the  8th.  His  division  (First) 
was  then  composed  of  seventeen  regiments  of  cavalry,  organized 
into  three  brigades  (commanded  by  Custer,  Devin,  and  Gibbs), 
and  two  batteries  of  artillery.  The  Shenandoah  Valley  is  one  of 
the  garden-spots  of  Virginia,  and  each  year,  about  the  time  the 
crops  ripened,  the  Confederates  returned  to  the  Valley  to  harvest 
them.  It  was  also  the  chosen  route  by  which  to  invade  Maryland 
and  Pennsylvania,  and  a  movement  of  troops  on  either  side  in  the 
Valley  always  compelled  a  counter  movement  by  the  threatened 
party.  It  was  to  end  this  condition  of  affairs  that  the  Army  of 
the  Shenandoah  was  organized,  and  one  of  the  first  duties  imposed 
upon  General  Merritt's  division  was  to  destroy  the  forage  and 
seize  the  live  stock  from  Millwood  to  Winchester  and  Petticoat 
Gap,  for  the  purpose  of  making  the  Valley  untenable  for  the  raid- 
ing parties  of  the  enemy.  Not  many  days  were  required  for  the 
division,  stretching  across  the  Valley,  to  destroy  everything  in  the 
shape  of  forage  and  subsistence  and  to  capture  all  serviceable 
15 


226  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

live  stock  ;  and  then  came  the  struggle  with  General  Early's  army 
for  the  possession  of  the  Valley,  during  which  General  Merritt  was 
Continuously  employed  with  his  command,  and  participated  in  the 
affairs  at  Stone  Chapel,  Newtown,  Cedarville,  Kearneys ville,  Bun- 
ker Hill,  Leetown,  Smithfield,  Berryyille,  Opequan  Creek,  and 
the  battle  of  Winchester,  where  the  turning  column  of  cavalry, 
at  a  critical  moment  when  the  result  of  the  battle  was  uncertain, 
repeatedly  charged  the  left  of  the  enemy's  line,  and,  together 
with  the  rallied  infantry,  swept  down  upon  General  Early  and  sent 
him  whirling  through  Winchester.  The  affair  at  Cedarville,  near 
Front  Royal  on  the  Shenandoah,  was  a  brilliant  success  for  Gen- 
eral Merritt,  being  gained  unaided  and  against  odds.  He  defeated 
General  Kershaw's  division  of  infantry  and  two  brigades  of  cavalry 
in  an  attempt  to  force  a  passage  of  the  Shenandoah,  and  inflicted 
upon  the  enemy  a  loss  of  six  hundred  men.  Then  followed  the 
movement  to  Front  Eoyal,  the  engagement  at  Milford,  and  the 
skilful  manoeuvring  of  the  cavalry  in  front  of  Bunker  Hill,  until 
the  Sixth  and  Nineteenth  Corps  seized  an  advanced  position  in 
front  of  Fisher's  Hill,  which  they  held  until  the  Eighth  Corps 
turned  General  Early's  flank  and  forced  him  to  abandon  his  forti- 
fications, when  the  cavalry  joined  the  pursuit  and  participated  in 
the  actions  at  Luray,  Brown's  Gap,  Mount  Crawford,  and  Wood- 
stock, and  on  the  19th  of  October  General  Merritt  won  for  himself 
and  his  division  an  enduring  fame  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek, 
where  he  confronted  the  enemy  from  the  first  attack  in  the  morn- 
ing until  their  retreat  that  night,  and  held  his  position  on  the 
pike,  just  north  of  Middletown,  all  day,  although  entirely  unassisted 
by  the  infantry,  until  the  enemy  gave  up  the  contest,  when  he 
charged  with  his  cavalry,  and,  crossing  the  stream  below  the 
bridge,  continued  the  pursuit  to  Fisher's  Hill,  capturing  and  re- 
taking a  large  number  of  guns  and  colors  and  much  material  of 
war.  He  received  the  brevet  of  major-general  of  volunteers,  to 
date  from  October  19,  18G4,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  battles  of  Winchester  and  Fisher's  Hill,  and  was  specially 
mentioned  in  the  official  report  of  General  Torbert  for  gallantry 
and  good  judgment  at  Cedar  Creek,  and  recommended  for  pro- 
motion, which  upon  several  occasions  he  had  justly  earned.  Then 
followed  the  action  at  Middletown,  and  in  the  latter  part  of 
November    General    Merritt   was    detached,   with   his    division, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  227 

to  the  east  side  of  the  Blue  Eidge,  by  the  way  of  Ashby's  Gap, 
to  operate  against  Mosby's  guerrillas.  He  participated  in  the 
actions  at  Gordonsville  in  December  and  at  Ashland  in  March, 
1865.  He  moved  with  General  Sheridan  in  February  from  the 
winter  camp  near  Winchester,  being  in  command  of  the  cavalry 
of  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah  ;  participated  in  the  closing 
Richmond  campaign  of  1865,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Dinwiddie  Court-House  and  Five  Forks,  where  he  commanded 
the  left  of  the  National  lines  and  won  the  brevet  of  brigadier- 
general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865  (antedated),  and  a  com- 
mission as  a  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  April  1, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Five  Forks  and  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valle}7.  He  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at 
Scott's  Cross-Eoads  and  Drummond  Mills  (the  cavalry  of  the  Army 
of  the  James  having  been  added  to  his  command),  the  battle  of 
Sailor's  Creek,  the  action  of  Appomattox  Station,  and  was  present 
at  the  surrender  at  Appomattox  Court-House  on  the  9th  of  April, 
1865,  being  one  of  three  commissioners  from  the  National  army 
to  arrange  with  the  Confederate  commissioners  for  the  surrender 
of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  He  then  participated  in  the 
movement  against  General  J.  E.  Johnston's  army  in  North  Caro- 
lina, after  which  he  was  transferred  to  the  Military  Division  of 
the  South-west,  where  he  served  in  command  of  two  divisions 
of  cavalry  and  as  chief  of  cavalry  until  July,  1865  ;  then  to 
t'te  command  of  the  cavalry  in  the  Department  of  Texas  until 
November,  and  thereafter  as  chief  of  cavalry  in  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Gulf  until  December  31,  1865.  He  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service  February  1,  1866,  and  was  made  a  bre- 
vet major-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  campaign  ending  with  the  sur- 
render of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  He  visited  Europe 
during  the  summer  of  1866,  aud  upon  his  return  to  the  United 
States  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Ninth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  July  28,  1866  ;  was  employed  on  inspection  duty,  with 
station  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  until 
February,  1867,  when  he  assumed  the  command  of  his  regiment  at 
New  Orleans  and  proceeded  to  Texas,  and  served  at  San  Antonio 
and  Fort  Davis  until  September,  1869  ;  he  was  then  appointed  a 
member  of  the  General  Tactics  Board  which  was  convened  at  St. 


228  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

Louis,  where  lie  remained  until  December,  1870,  when  he  availed 
himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  October,  1871.  He  then  re- 
turned to  Texas  and  resumed  the  command  of  his  regiment  at 
Fort  Stockton,  and  afterwards  served  at  Forts  Clark  and  Concho 
until  May,  1874.  He  was  appointed,  in  March,  1875,  inspector  of 
cavalry  for  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  embracing  the 
Departments  of  Texas,  the  Missouri,  the  Platte,  and  Dakota,  and 
retained  the  position  until  July  1,  1876,  when  he  was  promoted 
colonel  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry.  He  immediately  joined  the  regi- 
ment in  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  and  commanded  in  the 
affair  near  Indian  Creek,  Wyo.,  July  17,  1876,  where  he  inter- 
cepted a  large  number  of  Cheyennes  who  were  moving  north  to 
join  the  hostile  Sioux,  and  drove  them  back  to  the  Ked  Cloud 
Agency.  He  then  moved  by  rapid  marches  to  Goose  Creek,  Mon., 
where  he  effected  a  junction  with  General  Crook,  and  relinquished 
the  command  of  the  regiment  on  the  4th  of  August,  having  been 
appointed  chief  of  cavalry  of  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expe- 
dition. He  participated  in  the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak., 
September  9-10,  1876,  and  upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expe- 
dition, in  October,  at  Fort  Eobinson,  Neb.,  resumed  the  com- 
mand of  th.3  regiment,  and  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  the  29th  of  April,  1880.  He  com- 
manded the  United  States  forces  assembled  at  Omaha,  in  July, 
1877,  during  the  railway  riots  of  that  summer ;  he  also  com- 
manded the  Wind  River  expedition  against  the  Nez  Perces  in 
September  and  October,  1877.  He  was  employed  on  field-ser- 
vice with  a  part  of  the  regiment  in  Northern  Wyoming  from 
May  to  November,  1878,  and  commanded  the  column  which  was 
dispatched  to  the  relief  of  the  troops  besieged  by  the  Ute  Indians 
at  Milk  Creek,  Col.  He  made  a  remarkably  rapid  march  from 
Rawlins,  Wyo.,  to  the  scene  of  danger,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
5th  of  October,  1879,  rescued  the  troops  from  their  perilous  posi- 
tion, and  in  a  short  skirmish  dispersed  the  enemy.  He  then 
pushed  forward  to  the  agency  on  White  River,  found  the  build- 
ings destroyed,  the  agent  and  his  employes  murdered,  and  the 
women  and  children  taken  into  captivity.  He  at  once  made  ar- 
rangements for  the  pursuit  and  chastisement  of  the  savages,  and 
had  penetrated  their  mountain  fastnesses  about  twenty-five  miles 
when  he  was  halted,  at  the  request  of  the  Interior  Department, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  229 

and  ordered  to  return  to  White  River  ;  here  he  encamped  until 
the  latter  part  of  November,  when  he  returned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Rus- 
sell, where  he  served  until  the  next  spring,  when  he  changed 
station,  with  the  regimental  headquarters  and  four  companies,  to 
Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  2d  of  May,  1880. 

He  declined,  in  August,  1880,  the  superintendency  of  the 
Mounted  Recruiting  Service  rather  than  relinquish  the  opportu- 
nities for  field-service  in  command  of  the  regiment,  which  he  held 
without  interruption  from  October,  1876,  to  August,  1882,  when 
he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Mounted  Recruiting 
Service  ;  but  a  few  days  later  the  assignment  was  revoked,  and  he 
was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy,  to  date 
from  September  1,  1882. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 


1.  Robeet  E.  Lee  was  born  in  Westmoreland  County,  Va., 
January  19,  1807.  He  was  the  youngest  son  of  Colonel  Henry 
Lee,  the  celebrated  cavalry  leader  of  the  Revolutionary  Army  and 
the  governor  of  Virginia  in  1791.  Two  of  his  grand-uncles  were 
signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1829,  and  assigned 
to  the  corps  of  Engineers,  receiving  the  commissions  of  brevet 
second  lieutenant  and  second  lieutenant  with  rank  from  the  day 
he  was  graduated.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  September 
21,  1836,  and  a  captain  July  7,  1838.  He  was  employed  in  the 
construction  of  Forts  Monroe  and  Calhoun,  Va.,  until  1834, 
when  he  was  appointed  assistant  for  the  chief  of  Engineers,  and 
served  in  that  capacity  until  1837.  He  also  served  during  this 
period  as  assistant  astronomer  for  fixing  the  boundary-line 
between  Ohio  and  Michigan.  He  was  superintending  engineer 
of  the  improvements  of  the  Missouri  and  Upper  Mississippi  Rivers, 
1837-41,  and  had  general  charge  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  and 
the  Ohio  Rivers  below  Louisville,  Ky.,  1840-41.  In  1837  he  ac- 
complished an  important  river  improvement  at  St.  Louis,  where, 
by  patient  industry  and  skilful  engineering,  he  diverted,  with  a 
system  of  dikes,  the  river  currents  which  were  threatening,  by 
washing  out  a  new  channel  towards  the  American  bottoms,  to 
make   that  place  an  inland  town.      He  succeeded  in  this  work 


230  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

after  large  sums  of  money  had  been  expended  in  fruitless  efforts 
to  avert  the  danger,  and  when  it  was  generally  believed  that 
nothing  more  could  be  done.  A  railway  now  crosses  the  dikes  to 
which  St.  Louis  undoubtedly  owes  its  present  prosperity,  while 
their  construction  is  an  ever-present  evidence  of  Captain  Lee's 
genius.  He  was  employed  from  1841  to  1846  in  various  duties 
pertaining  to  his  corps,  the  most  notable  of  these  being  the  repair- 
ing and  construction  of  the  New  York  harbor  defenses  at  the 
Narrows  ;  was  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  the  Military 
Academy,  and  assistant  for  the  chief  of  Engineers  (1844)  ;  and 
thereafter,  and  until  March,  1846,  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Engineers  for  the  Atlantic  coast  defenses. 

Captain  Lee  was  assigned,  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  with 
Mexico,  to  duty  as  chief  engineer  for  Brigadier-General  John  E. 
Wool,  and  marched  with  the  army  towards  Chihuahua.  Informa- 
tion was  received  just  before  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista  that  Gen- 
eral Santa  Anna  had  crossed  the  mountains  and  was  only  twenty 
miles  away.  Captain  Lee  having  volunteered  to  ascertain  the 
state  of  affairs,  was  directed  to  secure  a  guide  and  take  a  cavalry 
company  which  would  meet  him  at  an  outside  picket-guard.  Se- 
curing a  young  Mexican  who  knew  the  country,  he  started  upon 
the  supposed  perilous  mission.  He  missed  the  picket-guard  and 
the  cavalry  escort,  and  soon  found  himself  far  beyond  the  Ameri- 
can lines.  He  could  not  return  and  accomplish  the  reconnais- 
sance during  the  night,  so  he  rode  forward  until  within  five  miles 
of  the  place  where  the  enemy  were  reported  to  be,  discovered  by 
the  moonlight  that  the  road  was  marked  with  the  fresh  tracks  of 
mules  and  wagons,  and  concluded  that  these  were  evidences  of  a 
large  force  sent  forward  to  make  a  reconnaissance.  Most  officers 
would  have  returned  after  making  this  discovery,  which  seemed 
to  corroborate  the  original  information  ;  but  he  determined  to  go 
ahead  until  he  discovered  the  enemy's  pickets.  Not  finding  any, 
he  concluded  that  he  had  missed  them  and  was  within  the  Mexi- 
can lines.  The  guide,  now  greatly  alarmed,  begged  that  he 
would  return,  saying  there  was  a  stream  of  water  at  that  place 
and  that  the  Mexican  army  must  be  there,  and  to  go  forward 
would  be  capture  for  both  and  certain  death  for  himself.  The 
guide  was  permitted  to  halt  while  Captain  Lee  moved  on  until  he 
eaw  what  seemed  to  be  a  number  of  tents  gleaming  in  the  moon- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  231 

light.  Ho  proceeded  cautiously  until  he  discovered  that  the  sup- 
posed encampment  was  a  large  flock  of  sheep.  He  then  rode  into 
the  camp,  conversed  with  the  drovers,  ascertained  that  Santa  Anna 
had  not  crossed  the  mountains,  galloped  hack  to  the  guide,  and 
returned  to  headquarters,  where  he  found  General  Wool  alarmed 
concerning  his  prolonged  absence  and  threatening  to  hang  the 
father  of  the  guide.  Notwithstanding  he  had  traveled  forty 
miles  that  night,  he  rested  only  three  hours  before  taking  a 
squadron  of  cavalry,  with  which  he  made  a  reconnaissance  far 
beyond  the  stream  where  he  had  discovered  the  sheep,  and  ascer- 
tained the  position  and  strength  of  the  enemy. 

He  joined  General  Scott  soon  after  these  events,  and  was  con- 
spicuously employed  during  the  brilliant  operations  which  charac- 
terized the  triumphant  march  of  the  National  army  to  the  city 
of  Mexico.  He  also  developed  during  this  eventful  period  the 
qualities  which  at  a  later  day  distinguished  him  as  a  master  of 
offensive  and  defensive  tactics.  He  was  present  at  the  siege  of 
Vera  Cruz,  where  he  distinguished  himself,  being  indefatigable 
in  making  reconnaissances  as  daring  as  they  were  laborious,  and 
of  the  utmost  value.  Nor  was  he  less  conspicuous  in  planting 
batteries  and  in  conducting  columns  to  their  stations  under  the 
heavy  fire  of  the  enemy. 

Captain  Lee  participated  in  the  battles  of  Cerro  Gordo — win- 
ning a  special  mention  from  General  Scott — Contreras,  Churu- 
busco,  Molino  del  Eey,  and  the  storming  of  Chapultepec,  in  which 
General  Scott  said  that  he  was  "as  distinguished  for  felicitous  exe- 
cution as  for  science  and  daring."  He  was  wounded  during  the 
assault,  but  continued  to  carry  important  orders  on  the  field  until 
he  fainted  from  the  effects  of  the  wound  and  the  loss  of  two  nights' 
sleep  at  the  batteries.  He  was  present  at  the  assault  upon,  and 
capture  of,  the  city  of  Mexico,  and  soon  thereafter,  at  a  brilliant 
assembly  of  the  officers,  was  toasted  as  the  captain  of  engineers 
who  had  found  a  way  for  the  National  army  to  enter  the  city.  In 
addition  to  these  general  engagements  he  participated  in  the  re- 
connaissances preceding  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo  ;  of  El  Pen  on, 
a  strongly  fortified  mountain  commanding  one  of  the  principal 
approaches  to  Buena  Vista,  which  was  reported  by  General  Scott 
as  "'the  most  daring  of  the  whole  war";  through  the  Pedregal 
preceding  the  battle  of  Contreras;  of  the  Coyoacan  at  the  battle 


232  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

of  Churubusco,  and  of  the  approaches  to  the  city  of  Mexico.  He 
was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  April  18,  1847,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo  ;  a  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco  ; 
and  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  September  13,  1847,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec.  He  re- 
turned from  Mexico  with  a  brilliant  record,  crowned  with  honors, 
covered  with  brevets,  and  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  valued 
officers  of  the  army.  General  Scott  rarely  forwarded  a  dispatch 
in  which  his  name  was  not  mentioned  ;  the  general  said  more  than 
once  that  the  success  of  the  campaign  was  largely  due  to  his  skill, 
valor,  and  undaunted  energy,  and  ten  years  later  he  wrote  to  the 
Secretary  of  War  that  Eobert  E.  Lee  was  the  best  soldier  he  ever 
saw  in  the  field. 

Captain  Lee  returned  to  special  duty  in  the  Engineer  Bureau 
at  Washington,  and  resumed  his  former  position  as  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Engineers  for  the  Atlantic  coast  defenses.  When  he 
was  stationed  in  Baltimore  the  Cuban  Junto  in  New  York  selected 
him  for  their  leader  in  Cuba,  and  offered  every  inducement  that 
ambition  could  desire  and  pecuniary  emoluments  beyond  any  he 
could  hope  otherwise  to  acquire  ;  but  he  briefly  considered  the 
proposition  and  declined  it.  He  was  appointed  superintendent  of 
the  Military  Academy  September  1,  1852,  and  held  the  position 
until  March  31,  1855,  when,  having  been  appointed  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March 
3,  1855,  he  was  relieved  by  operation  of  the  existing  law  which 
required  the  superintendent  to  be  an  engineer  officer.  General 
Scott  said  that  he  should  have  been  appointed  the  colonel  of  the 
regiment.  He  did  not  object  on  personal  grounds  to  Colonel  John- 
ston, although  he  considered  that  Lee  was  entitled  to  the  position, 
as  he  had  announced  his  purpose  to  recommend  him  at  the  proper 
time  as  his  successor  to  the  command  of  the  army. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee  assumed  the  command  of  the  regiment 
at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  April,  1855,  which  he  exercised  until  the 
arrival  of  Colonel  Johnston.  He  was  then  stationed  at  Jefferson 
Barracks  until  September,  when  he  was  sent  to  Fort  Leavenworth 
on  general  court-martial  duty.  He  rejoined  the  regiment  at 
Camp  Cooper,  Texas,  in  April,  1856,  where  he  had  station  until 


MILITARY    KECOIIDS   OF   OFFICERS.  233 

July,  1857.  During  this  period  lie  commanded  an  expedition, 
against  the  Comanches,  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos  and 
Culorado  rivers,  and  was  employed  on  general  court-martial  duty 
at  Ringgold  Barracks  and  Fort  Brown.  He  relieved  Colonel 
Johnston  from  the  command  of  the  regiment  at  San  Antonio,  in 
July,  1857,  and  continued  on  this  duty  until  the  next  Octoher, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  ahsence,  and  did  not  rejoin 
the  regiment  nntil  December,  1860. 

He  served  as  a  member  of  the  general  court-martial  which  was 
convened  at  Newport  Barracks  in  1858  for  the  trial  of  Brigadier- 
General  Twiggs  ;  he  commanded,  in  October,  1859,  the  United 
States  forces  assembled  at  Harper's  Ferry,  Va.,  for  the  capture  of 
John  Brown  and  his  associates,  and  he  was  a  witness  during  the 
winter  of  1859-60  before  a  special  committee  of  the  United  States 
Senate  concerning  that  affair.  He  returned  to  San  Antonio  in 
February,  1860,  and,  having  assumed  the  command  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Texas,  was  actively  employed  on  the  border  during  the 
Cortinas  raids  and  until  December,  when,  being  relieved  by  General 
Twiggs,  he  resumed  the  command  of  the  regiment  at  Fort  Mason  ; 
but  being  soon  summoned  to  Washington,  he  relinquished  the 
command  on  the  13th  of  February,  1861,  and  did  not  again  join, 
having  been  promoted  colonel  of  the  First  (present  Fourth) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  16,  1861. 

The  secession  movement  was  now  threatening  the  country,  and 
Colonel  Lee,  like  many  officers  of  Southern  birth  who  gained  dis- 
tinction in  the  Confederate  service,  was  distressed  with  conflicting 
emotions.  When  he  heard  of  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter 
he  secluded  himself,  so  that  he  could  neither  see  nor  converse  with 
politicians,  who,  he  claimed,  were  alone  responsible  for  the  condi- 
tion of  public  affairs. 

He  wrote  from  Fort  Mason  in  January,  1861,  as  follows  : 

"As  an  American  citizen  I  take  great  pride  in  my  country, 
her  prosperity  and  institutions.  ...  I  can  anticipate  no  greater 
calamity  for  the  country  than  a  dissolution  of  the  Union.  .  .  . 
Secession  is  nothing  but  revolution.  .  .  .  The  framers  of  the 
Constitution  provided  for  a  perpetual  Union  and  for  the  establish- 
ment of  a  government — not  a  compact,  which  can  only  be  dissolved 
by  revolution  or  the  consent  of  all  the  people  in  convention 
assembled.  ...  It  is  idle  to  talk  of  secession." 


234  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

An  officer  of  the  regiment,  who  was  near  Lieutenant-Colonel 
Lee  officially  and  personally,  and  who  messed  with  him  to  the  day 
of  his  departure  from  Fort  Mason,  in  February,  1861,  frequently 
heard  him  say  that  the  secession  movement  was  fatally  wrong, 
and  if  the  South  had  any  grievances  she  ought  to  seek  a  remedy 
within  the  National  Union  and  by  peaceable  measures.  He  re- 
garded secession  as  anarchy,  and  declared  that  if  he  owned  all  the 
slaves  in  the  South  he  would  liberate  them  for  the  preservation  of 
the  Republic,  and  that  he  would  never  draw  his  sword  against  the 
national  authority  except  to  repel  an  invasion  of  his  native  State. 

He  had  an  interview  in  Washington  with  Francis  P.  Blair, 
at  this  gentleman's  invitation,  and,  as  Colonel  Lee  understood,  at 
the  instance  of  the  President.  At  the  interview  he  declined  the 
command  of  the  army  which  was  to  be  brought  into  the  field, 
stating  candidly  that,  although  opposed  to  secession,  he  could  not 
consent  to  take  part  in  an  invasion  of  the  Southern  States.  He  at 
once  informed  the  general-in-chief  of  the  offer  and  his  decision. 
He  then  returned  to  his  home  at  Arlington,  Va.,  and  forwarded 
his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  date  from  April  25,  1861. 

There  had  been  great  anxiety  in  Virginia,  where  he  was 
considered  a  doubtful  man,  as  to  the  course  which  he  would 
pursue.  The  government  had  intended  to  give  him  a  command  in 
keeping  with  his  rank  and  attainments,  and  when  it  became  known 
in  Richmond  that  he  had  resigned  his  commission  in  the  United 
States  army  the  joy  of  the  secessionists  was  unbounded,  while  the 
friends  of  the  nation  were  correspondingly  depressed.  The  baneful 
influences  of  the  fallacy  of  State  allegiance  overpowered  his  hopes 
and  desires,  as  is  shown  in  the  letter  tendering  his  resignation,  in 
which  he  refers  to  the  effort  it  had  cost  him  to  separate  himself 
from  a  service  to  which  he  had  devoted  the  best  years  of  an  active 
life  and  all  the  abilities  which  he  possessed,  and  as  is  also  shown 
in  another  letter  written  on  the  same  day,  in  which  he  said  :  "I 
recognize  no  necessity  for  this  state  of  things."  Although  he 
declared  if  the  South  should  secede  he  would  return  to  Virginia, 
and,  except  in  defense  of  the  State,  would  never  again  draw  his 
sword,  it  was  the  natural  result  of  his  act,  having  abandoned  the 
country,  that  he  should  go  on  until  he  became  thoroughly  identi- 
fied with  the  rebellion,  and  lead  on  the  field,  with  all  his  masterly 
abilities,  the  fortunes  of  the  Confederacy  to  the  end  of  the  terrible 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  235 

struggle,  and  thus  become  the  most  conspicuous  military  leader  in 
a  war  having  for  its  object  the  destruction  of  the  National  Union, 
which  he  had  declared  could  only  be  destroyed  by  a  revolution  or 
by  the  consent  of  the  people  in  convention  assembled. 

It  is  claimed  that  he  acted  under  an  earnest  conviction  that  he 
was  doing  his  duty  ;  but  when  time  has  given  opportunity  for  a 
calm  judgment  it  will  be  conceded  that  he,  like  many  of  the 
Confederate  generals  who  won  distinction,  resigned  because  he 
accepted  the  fallacy  of  State  allegiance,  while  ho  protested  to  the 
last  moment  against  the 'suicidal  folly  of  secession.  lie  was 
earnestly  opposed  to  the  Rebellion  from  the  beginning,  and  if  the 
better  and  stronger  claim  of  nationality  had  been  as  generally 
taught  at  the  South  as  it  had  been  in  the  North  no  conception  of 
State  authority  could  have  induced  him  to  unite  his  fortunes  with 
a  rebellion  against  the  National  Union.  He  hesitated  long  between 
this  sentiment  and  the  nobler  impulses  of  his  pure  character  before 
he  yielded  to  what  the  future  historian  will  pronounce  a  mistaken 
sense  of  duty,  however  honestly  it  may  have  been  entertained. 

Upon  the  invitation  of  the  governor  of  Virginia,  two  days  after 
tendering  his  resignation,  he  repaired  to  Richmond,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  23d  of  April  and  accepted  the  command  of  the 
State  forces  with  the  rank  of  a  major-general ;  and  a  few  days 
later  he  was  invested  with  the  command  of  the  Confederate  troops 
within  the  State.  He  at  once  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office, 
and  soon  succeeded  in  organizing  a  powerful  army.  His  position 
as  a  major-general  in  the  Virginia  forces  was  continued  until 
Richmond  became  the  Confederate  seat  of  government,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  May  10,  1861,  and 
later  he  was  commissioned  a  general,  to  date  from  June  14,  1861, 
being  the  third  in  rank  of  the  five  general  officers  who  were 
confirmed  in  that  grade.  He  continued  for  a  time  thereafter  to 
perform  a  part  of  the  duties  of  the  Secretary  of  War  and  of  the 
adjutant-general,  and,  while  he  had  no  active  service  in  the  early 
field  operations,  his  energy  and  capacity  in  organizing  troops 
contributed  largely  to  the  Confederate  success  at  Bull  Run  in 
July,  1861. 

General  Lee's  first  appearance  in  the  field  was  in  North-western 
Virginia  after  the  Confederate  reverses  in  that  section,  where, 
although  he  met  with  no  marked  disasters   beyond  a  defeat   at 


236  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Greenbrier  on  the  3d  of  October,  1861,  his  campaign  was  regarded 
as  a  failure,  and  he  returned  to  Richmond  in  November  with  a 
diminished  reputation  and  was  for  some  time  markedly  unpopular. 
The  Confederate  authorities,  in  view  of  the  state  of  public  feeling, 
did  not  deem  it  advisable  to  place  him  in  a  conspicuous  command, 
and  he  was  assigned  to  the  charge  of  the  coast  defenses  of  Georgia 
and  South  Carolina,  where  his  ability  as  an  engineer  officer  enabled 
him  to  render  valuable  services. 

It  was  proposed,  in  February,  1862,  to  appoint  him  Secretary  of 
War,  but  the  Confederate  Congress  did  not  think  that  he  stood 
high  enough  in  the  public  confidence  for  the  position.  His  gov- 
ernment then  recalled  him  to  Richmond,  where  he  was  charged 
with  the  conduct  of  military  operations  subject  to  the  control 
of  the  Executive.  He  continued  in  the  discharge  of  this  duty 
until  after  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  when  he  succeeded  General  J. 
E.  Johnston  (who  was  wounded)  in  the  command  of  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  and  at  once  devoted  himself  to  its  increase  and 
reorganization.  In  the  latter  part  of  June  he  defeated  the  Na- 
tional forces  at  Gaines's  Mill  and  forced  them  to  retreat  to  Har- 
rison's Landing,  which  ended  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign 
of  1862. 

General  Lee  defeated  General  Pope  at  the  second  Bull  Run 
in  August,  1862,  and,  after  forcing  the  National  army  back  to 
Centreville,  undertook  in  September  the  dangerous  experiment 
of  invading  Maryland,  for  the  purpose,  as  avowed  in  1868,  of 
threatening  Washington  and  compelling  the  National  army  to 
return  to  the  north  side  of  the  Potomac,  so  as  to  relieve  Virginia 
and  enable  him  to  subsist  his  army.  He  knew  that  it  was  useless 
to  attack  the  fortifications  about  Alexandria  and  Washington,  and 
he  could  not  maintain  his  army  at  Fairfax.  It  was  expected, 
however,  that  he  would  march  to  Baltimore,  but  upon  arrival  at 
Frederick  City  he  was  compelled  to  detach  a  large  force  to  occupy 
Martinsburg  and  Harper's  Ferry,  in  order  to  open  his  communica- 
tion through  the  Shenandoah  Valley  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining 
from  Richmond  the  necessary  supplies  for  his  army,  and  he  was 
left  with  only  two  divisions  to  mask  the  movement.  Meanwhile  he 
issued  at  Frederick  City  a  proclamation  to  the  people  of  Maryland, 
to  which  they  did  not  respond,  and  a  few  days  later,  his  designs 
having  been  penetrated,  he  was  compelled  to  accept  battle  at 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  237 

Antietam,  where  he  was  defeated.  He  presented  a  defensive  line 
of  battle  the  next  day,  expecting  an  attack;  but  finding  that 
there  was  no  disposition  to  renew  the  battle,  and  being  unwilling 
to  risk  another  engagement,  he  withdrew  on  the  night  of  the 
18th,  recrossed  the  Potomac  the  next  morning,  and  his  Maryland 
campaign  ended  in  failure. 

In  December,  1862,  General  Lee  defeated  General  Burnside  at 
Fredericksburg,  where,  having  the  advantage  of  a  strong  position, 
he  won  a  victory  by  fighting  entirely  upon  the  defensive,  except 
in  one  instance  when  he  advanced  three  brigades  in  pursuit  of  a  re- 
treating column  ;  but  he  refused  to  make  a  general  advance  beyond 
his  line  of  works,  and  the  National  army  recrossed  the  Rappahan- 
nock during  the  night  without  being  molested.  General  Lee  was 
subjected  to  criticism  and  some  censure  because  of  a  seeming 
inertness  upon  this  occasion,  and  in  reply  frankly  admitted  that 
he  had  failed  to  penetrate  the  designs  of  the  National  commander. 
This  battle  closed  the  military  operations  in  Virginia  for  the  year, 
and  the  prestige  of  success  rested  with  the  Confederates.  In 
May,  1863,  he  defeated  General  Hooker  at  Chancellorsville,  where, 
by  rapid  marches  and  masterly  movements,  after  the  National 
army  had  crossed  the  Eappahannock  River  for  the  purpose  of 
making  an  attack,  he  reached  General  Hooker's  front  and  at  once 
assumed  the  offensive   and  won  a  decisive  victory. 

General  Lee  then  marched  his  army  into  Pennsylvania,  mainly 
because  the  interposition  of  the  Rappahannock  between  the  op- 
posing armies  presented  almost  insurmountable  obstacles  to  offen- 
sive operations  on  the  part  of  the  National  forces,  and  he  feared 
to  remain  on  the  defensive  for  any  considerable  length  of  time. 
And  thus  was  undertaken,  against  the  judgment  of  many  of  his 
generals,  a  second  invasion  of  the  North,  with  the  understanding 
that  the  movement  should  be  defensive  in  tactics  while  it  was 
offensive  in  strategy.  It  was  not  his  intention  to  fight  a  general 
battle  at  such  a  distance  from  his  base,  unless  he  was  forced 
to  do  so  ;  but  the  Confederate  cavalry  passed  beyond  his  control, 
the  officer  in  command  having  misunderstood  his  orders.  When 
General  Lee  was  threatened  with  the  battle  which  finally  took  place 
at  Gettysburg  he  was  counseled  to  move  on  Frederick,  thus  outflank- 
ing the  National  army  and  at  the  same  time  threatening  Wash- 
ington ;  but  it  seems  that  he  was  carried  away  by  a  great  excite- 


238  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ment,  and  for  the  time  lost  the  sagacity  for  which  he  was  famous 
and.  permitted  himself  to  open  the  hattle  in  the  absence  of  cor- 
rect intelligence,  and  then  continue  it  in  an  effort  to  overcome 
the  difficulties  by  which  he  was  surrounded.  The  result  Avas  a 
crushing  defeat,  and  at  the  end  of  the  third  day's  fighting,  when 
his  magnificent  movement  against  Cemetery  Hill  had  failed,  he 
was  at  the  extremity  of  fear  for  the  safety  of  his  army,  as  the 
Potomac  was  rising  from  recent  freshets  and  endangering  the 
chances  for  escape.  On  the  night  of  the  4th  of  July,  leaving 
many  of  the  wounded  behind,  he  began  a  retreat,  and  at  daybreak 
his  last  column  had  left  Gettysburg.  He  found,  as  he  feared, 
that  the  retreat  was  barred  by  a  rise  of  the  river.  He  formed 
a  line  of  battle  at  Williamsport,  where  he  remained  in  suspense 
until  the  loth,  when,  having  completed  pontoon  bridges,  his  army 
crossed  to  the  Virginia  side.  His  second  scheme  of  invasion  was 
also  a  failure.  He  met  only  defeats  and  disasters,  and  it  was  con- 
clusively proved  that  the  Confederate  forces  were  unable  success- 
fully to  invade  the  Northern  States. 

After  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  he  shared,  in  common  with  many 
of  the  Confederate  generals,  the  belief  that  the  Eebellion  could 
not  succeed,  and  urged  upon  his  government  in  the  fall  of  1864 
that  a  peace  should  be  made  by  the  commissioners  who  were  sent 
to  Fort  Monroe.  He  declared  that  when  the  National  forces 
again  advanced  his  lines  would  be  broken  at  Petersburg  and 
that  Eichmond  must  fall.  He  believed  that  the  National 
government  would  yield  everything  except  slavery  and  secession. 
But  his  views  were  not  favorably  considered.  In  February,  1865, 
the  condition  of  the  Confederacy  became  so  critical  and  the  public 
demand  so  imperative  that  he  was  assigned  to  the  supreme 
command  of  the  military  forces,  but  the  Executive  never  absolutely 
yielded  this  authority  until  General  Lee  informed  him  that  his 
lines  were  broken  at  Petersburg,  when  he  was  instructed  to  do  the 
best  that  he  could.  The  civil  functionaries  of  the  Confederacy 
then  fled  from  Richmond  and  the  soldier  remained  in  the  field  to 
be  sacrificed. 

When  General  Lee  was  invested  with  the  supreme  command 
ho  addressed  a  letter  to  the  Speaker  of  the  Confederate  House  of 
Representatives,  in  which  he  advocated  the  enlistment  of  negroes 
and  expressed  his  conviction  that  they  would,  under  proper  cir- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  239 

cumsfcances,  make  excellent  soldiers;  he  also  recommended  that 
those  who  were  enlisted  should  be  given  their  freedom.  But  the 
speedy  ending  of  the  Rebellion  prevented  decisive  action  upon 
these  suggestions. 

After  a  struggle  of  eleven  months,  beginning  in  the  spring 
of  1864,  General  Lee  was  driven  back  on  Richmond  and  Peters- 
burg, compelled  to  abandon  Richmond  April  2,  1865,  and  finally 
to  surrender  his  army  at  Appomattox  Court- House  on  the  9th. 
During  this  campaign,  one  of  the  most  severe  and  destructive 
recorded  in  modern  history,  he  displayed  great  energy  and  wonder- 
ful tactical  knowledge.  It  is  claimed  that  he  only  surrendered 
when  he  could  no  longer  offer  battle.  The  purpose  of  General 
Grant's  campaign  in  the  spring  of  1865  was  neither  to  capture 
Richmond  nor  to  defeat  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  in  a 
pitched  battle  ;  but  to  exclude  that  army  from  the  contest,  and 
then,  if  possible,  secure  the  influence  of  General  Lee  to  induce 
the  surrender  of  the  other  isolated  armies.  If  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  had  succeeded  in  effecting  its  escape  the  superb 
fighting  material  of  which  it  was  composed  might  have  degene- 
rated into  guerrilla  bands.  It  was  with  this  view  that  General 
Grant  began  the  correspondence  with  which  the  country  is  fa- 
miliar. General  Lee  said  after  the  surrender  that  the  South  was 
unable  to  offer  any  further  organized  resistance.  When  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia  surrendered  to  the  National  authority  the 
Rebellion  was  practically  ended. 

General  Lee  surrendered  with  modest  dignity,  and  by  his  ex- 
ample inspired  the  people  of  the  Southern  States  with  a  wholesome 
idea  of  the  duty  they  owed,  not  only  to  themselves,  but  also  to 
the  government  under  which  they  must  live  and  to  which  they 
must  look  for  protection.  An  indictment  for  treason  was  pre- 
sented against  him  in  the  United  States  Court  at  Norfolk,  Va., 
and  the  President  was  disposed  to  take  action  thereon  ;  but  pro- 
ceedings were  withheld  at  the  interposition  of  General  Grant,  who 
maintained  that  the  parole  given  by  General  Lee  protected  him 
so  long  as  he  observed  its  conditions,  and  that  a  prosecution  would 
compromise  the  engagements  which  had  been  made  at  Appomattox. 

General  Lee  accepted,  on  the  28th  of  September,  1865,  the 
presidency  of  Washington  College,  at  Lexington,  Va.,  which  he 
retained  until  his  death.     He  refrained  from  any  participation  in 


240  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

public  affairs,  and  devoted  himself  to  the  duties  of  a  college 
president  and  to  the  preparation  of  a  new  edition  of  his  father's 
memoirs.  His  habits  were  those  of  a  thorough  soldier.  He 
was  able  and  courageous,  usually  prudent  and  naturally  aggres- 
sive, but  his  manoeuvres  on  the  field  were  generally  inferior  to 
his  strategy. 

In  considering  his  reputation  as  a  general  it  is  only  just  to 
remember  that  he  was  almost  unanimously  supported  by  the  South- 
ern people  and  that  he  had  for  a  long  time  the  sympathy  of  many 
of  the  powerful  states  of  Europe,  which  viewed  with  disfavor  the 
political  union  of  the  United  States.  But  he  was,  all  in  all,  a 
wise  general,  and  one  of  the  ablest  of  the  Southern  leaders. 

General  Lee  was  six  feet  and  one  inch  in  height,  and  weighed 
two  hundred  pounds  without  being  burdened  with  superfluous 
flesh.  He  had  perfect  command  over  his  temper.  His  moral 
influence  was  wonderful,  and  simplicity  and  gentleness  were  con- 
spicuous in  his  daily  life.  He  possessed  a  slow,  conservative 
nature  without  imagination,  and  always  presented  a  dignified 
appearance  in  public.  He  was  of  a  colder  nature  than  General 
Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  not  so  open  but  perfectly  up-right, 
more  politic,  and  careful  to  conform  to  all  social  usages.  His 
soldiers  had  great  confidence  in  him,  and  during  the  latter  part 
of  the  war  he  acquired  the  name  of  "  Uncle  Robert."  He  was 
utterly  destitute  of  personal  ambition  where  its  attainment  would 
injure  others.  In  his  private  life  he  was  dignified  without  pre- 
sumption, affable  without  familiarity,  and  courteous  to  all  persons. 

On  the  afternoon  of  September  28,  1870,  in  his  home  at  Lex- 
ington, Va.,  he  was  suddenly  stricken  by  a  loss  of  speech  and 
motion.  He  rallied  the  next  day,  and  as  there  were  no  symptoms 
of  paralysis  or  apoplexy  the  physicians  hoped  that  the  attack  was 
simply  the  result  of  overwork,  and  that  it  would  be  easily  over- 
come by  a  season  of  rest.  His  condition  continued  favorable  until 
the  10th  of  October.  He  had  recovered  his  speech  and  his  intel- 
lect was  unimpaired,  but  he  did  not  entertain  any  hope  of  recovery. 
On  the  11th  his  condition  became  critical  and  his  mind  began  to  wan- 
der. He  ordered  his  tents  to  be  struck  and  commanded  the  imme- 
diate presence  of  General  Hill.  He  gradually  failed  from  that  time 
until  the  morning  of  the  12th,  when  at  half-past  nine  o'clock  he 
quietly  passed  from  earthly  scenes  and  rested  from  his  life  labors. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  241 

2.  John  Sedgwick  was  born  at  Cornwall,  Conn.,  September 
13,  1813.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the 
1st  of  July,  1837,  assigned  to  the  Second  Artillery  as  a  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant 
April  19,  1S39,  and  a  captain  January  2G,  1819.  He  proceeded 
on  the  expiration  of  the  graduating  leave  to  Florida,  where  he 
served  in  the  war  against  the  Seminole  Indians,  being  engaged  in 
the  skirmish  near  Fort  Clinch  on  the  20th  of  May,  1838.  He  was 
employed  in  the  Cherokee  Nation  during  the  fall  of  1838  while  the 
government  was  removing  the  Indians  to  the  West.  He  was  then 
assigned  to  recruiting  service  for  a  brief  period,  and  thereafter 
served  on  the  Northern  border  during  the  Canadian  disturbances 
in  1839,  and  at  Buffalo  and  Fort  Niagara,  N.  Y.,  until  1811. 

He  served  at  Fort  Monroe,  Va.,  and  Forts  Hamilton  and 
Columbus,  N.  Y.,  1842-46,  and  was  stationed  at  Fort  Adams, 
Ft.  I.,  when  he  was  ordered  to  Lobos  Island,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  21st  of  February,  1817,  and  sailed  thence  to  Vera  Cruz,  where 
he  landed  on  the  9th  of  March  and  participated  in  the  siege  of 
that  place.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and 
thereafter  marched  with  his  regiment  from  Tepeyahualco ;  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmish  of  Cemazocpie,  and  arrived  at  Pueblo  on 
the  15th  of  May,  where  he  remained  until  the  next  August,  when 
he  marched  with  his  regiment  to  Tacubaya,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  21st,  being  engaged  en  route  in  the  capture  "of  San  Antonio 
and  in  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco.  He  also  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Molino  del  Rey  and  Chapultepec  (distin- 
guished for  gallant  conduct),  and  in  the  assault  upon,  and  capture 
of,  the  city  of  Mexico,  being  conspicuous  in  the  attack  upon  the 
San  Cosme  Gate.  He  was  stationed  in  the  city  of  Mexico  until 
December,  1847,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Tacubaya,  and  served 
there  until  the  1st  of  February,  1818,  when  he  changed  station 
to  the  Castle  of  Chapultepec,  where  he  served  until  the  10th  of 
June,  when  he  proceeded  with  his  company  to  Jalapa,  thence  to 
Vera  Cruz,  where  he  embarked  on  the  ship  Brunswick,  on  the 
14th  of  July,  and  arrived  at  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.,  on  the  16th 
of  August,  having  commanded  his  company  during  the  entire  war 
with  Mexico.  He  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  August 
20,  1817,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Con- 
treras and  Churubusco,  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  Septem- 
16 


242  MILITARY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ber  13,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Cliapul  tepee. 

He  changed  station  to  Fort  Monroe  in  October,  1848,  and 
served  at  that  post  and  at  Fort  Henry  until  the  29th  of  May,  1855, 
when  he  was  appointed  junior  major  in  the  First  (present  Fourth) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  8,  1855.  Major  Sedgwick  at  once 
proceeded  to  Fort  Leavenworth  and  was  engaged  in  quelling  the 
Kansas  border  disturbances  of  1855-56.  He  participated  in  the 
Cheyenne  expedition  of  1857,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  on 
Solomon  Eiver,  Kan.,  on  the  29th  of  July,  and  in  the  skirmish 
near  the  Saline  River,  Kan.,  on  the  6th  of  August.  He  served 
with  the  Utah  expedition  of  1857-58,  and  commanded  the  Kiowa 
and  Comanche  expedition  of  1860.  The  beginning  of  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion  found  him  at  Fort  Wise,  Col.  He  joined  Major 
Emory  at  Fort  Washita,  and  marched  under  his  command  to  Fort 
Leavenworth,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Washington.  He  was  pro- 
moted lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  March  16,  1861  ;  colonel  of  the  Fourth  (old  First) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  August  3,  1861,  and  on  the  31st  of  August, 
1861,  was  commissioned  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers.  He 
served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  and  commanded  a  brigade 
until  February,  1862,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the 
Third  Division,  Second  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  then  under 
General  Sumner,  and  was  employed  in  guarding  the  Potomac 
near  Poolesville,  Md.,  until  March,  1862,  when  he  joined  the  Vir- 
ginia Peninsular  campaign  and  participated  in  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  the  battles  of  Fair  Oaks,  Savage  Station,  and  Glendale,  and 
the  action  of  Peach  Orchard.  He  was  particularly  distinguished 
in  these  battles,  and  was  wounded  at  Glendale.  His  division  was 
conspicuous  at  the  second  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  distinguished 
in  directing  movements  during  the  retreat  to  Washington.  He 
participated  in  the  Maryland  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  where  he  repeatedly  led  his  men  against  the 
enemy,  until  the  ground  over  which  his  division  had  fought  was 
covered  with  the  dead.  He  was  thrice  severely  wounded,  but  re- 
fused to  be  carried  from  the  field  until  faintness  from  loss  of  blood 
compelled  him  to  relinquish  his  command. 

General  Sedgwick  was  nominated,  in  December,  1862,  in  re- 
cognition of  valuable  and  conspicuous  services  in  the  campaigns 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  243 

of  that  year,  to  be  a  major-general  of  volunteers,  and  was  con- 
firmed in  March,  18G3,  to  date  from  July  4,  1862.  His  wounds 
enforced  an  absence  from  the  field  until  the  latter  part  of  Decem- 
ber, 18G2,  when  he  rejoined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Ninth  Corps  ;  on  the  5th  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1863,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Sixth  Corps.  He  was  then 
known  as  one  of  the  best  division  commanders  in  the  army,  and 
had  made  the  Second  Division  of  General  Sumner's  corps  one  of 
the  best  in  the  service.  He  participated  in  the  Chancellorsville 
campaign  of  May,  1863,  and  led  his  corps  in  the  famous  and  suc- 
cessful assault  upon  Marye's  Heights,  where  he  won  for  himself  and 
his  men  a  lasting  renown  ;  and  later,  when  advancing  towards 
Chancellorsville  for  the  purpose  of  forming  a  junction  with  the 
main  army,  finding  himself  cut  off  and  caught  between  the  Con- 
federate forces,  which  reoccupied  the  heights  when  he  abandoned 
them,  and  General  Lee's  main  army,  while  on  his  left  was  another 
strong  force  and  on  his  right  an  almost  impassable  river,  he  mani- 
fested those  masterly  qualities  which  stamped  him  as  a  leader  bom 
to  command.  With  excellent  management  and  stubborn  fighting 
he  succeeded  in  extricating  his  corps  from  its  perilous  position  and 
recrossed  the  Rappahannock.  His  conduct  during  the  retreat  was 
cool  and  nnimpassioned.  He  personally  examined  the  ground  in 
front  and  rear,  frequently  riding  the  entire  length  of  the  lines, 
to  order  a  battery  placed  at  some  commanding  point,  or  to  select 
a  new  position  for  the  troops  to  occupy  in  case  of  necessity.  He 
seemed  to  be  everywhere  present,  full  of  energy  and  determination. 
During  these  movements  his  corps  lost  nearly  five  thousand  men- 
in  killed  and  wounded — about  one  thousand  more  than  either  of 
the  other  six  corps  of  the  army,  and  considerably  more  than  one- . 
fourth  of  the  entire  casualties  of  the  campaign. 

General  Sedgwick  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the  National 
army  during  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  in  which  he  was  con- 
spicuous for  valuable  services.  He  arrived  with  his  corps  at  Gettys- 
burg on  the  afternoon  of  the  2d  of  July,  after  a  forced  march  of 
nearly  thirty-five  miles,  and  was  at  once  placed  in  position  as  the 
reserve  for  the  right.  He  arrived  on  the  field  in  time  to  prevent  a 
serious  disaster  to  the  National  army,  defeating,  in  connection  with 
the  Fifth  and  a  part  of  the  First  Corps,  a  desperate  and  almost  suc- 
cessful attempt  oi  the  enemy,  who  were  penetrating  the.National 


244  MILITARY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

lines  to  the  right  of  Round  Top,  to  outflank  the  left  wing  of  the 
army.  It  is  believed  but  for  the  presence  of  the  Sixth  Corps  on  this 
occasion  the  National  lines  would  have  been  broken  and  the  army 
probably  routed.  If  he  had  been  an  hour  later  it  is  not  improbable 
that  his  corps  would  have  covered  the  retreat  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  The  men  marched  as  they  had  never  marched  before, 
and  their  achievements  on  that  memorable  day  are  among  the 
proudest  of  their  well-earned  laurels.  When  it  was  ascertained 
that  the  enemy  were  retreating  General  Sedgwick  was  dispatched 
in  pursuit  on  the  Fairfield  road,  which  he  continued  to  Fairfield 
Pass,  in  the  South  Mountain  range.  He  commanded  the  light 
wing  (Fifth  and  Sixth  Corps)  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during 
the  Rapidan  campaign,  September-December,  1863,  and  captured 
at  Rappahannock  Station,  on  the  7th  of  November,  a  division  of 
the  enemy,  and  received  the  thanks  of  General  Meade  for  the 
skilful  management  of  his  troops  on  that  occasion.  He  was  also 
engaged  in  the  operations  at  Mine  Run,  which  closed  the  impor- 
tant movements  for  the  year. 

General  Sedgwick  commanded  his  corps  in  the  Richmond  cam- 
paign of  1864,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness, 
where  his  abilities  were  displayed  to  the  greatest  advantage,  and  he- 
was  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest  generals  of  the  Avar.  He  had 
commanded  the  army  upon  several  occasions  during  the  absence  of 
General  Meade,  and  had  been  offered  the  permanent  command,  but 
was  too  modest  to  accept  the  trust.  His  corps,  except  three  brigades 
of  the  First  Division,  occupied  the  extreme  right  at  the  battle  of 
the  Wilderness,  where  the  enemy  made  the  most  determined  efforts 
during  the  day  and  until  late  in  the  night  to  turn  his  flank,  but  he 
held  the  position  without  assistance,  although  he  had  called  for  it. 
The  battle  was  opened  the  next  morning  by  a  fierce  charge  against 
his  corps,  which  was  successfully  resisted  ;  but  towards  evening  the 
enemy  succeeded  in  breakingthe  line  of  the  Second  Corps,  and  then 
rushed  with  terrific  force  against  the  Sixth  Corps,  which,  after  re- 
peated charges,  was  forced  back  to  the  Brock  road.  The  unequal 
contest  was  maintained  for  thirty- six  hours,  when  the  corps,  almost 
destroyed,  fell  back  to  a  stronger  position.  Finally  the  Third 
Division  gave  way,  and  the  panic  was  communicated  to  other 
organizations,  and  for  a  time  the  right  wing,  if  not  the  whole 
army,  was  in  great  danger.     Then  it  was  that  General  Sedgwick 


MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  245 

showed  his  ability  to  meet  a  great  emergency.  Adversity  devel- 
oped the  grand  qualities  of  his  nature.  His  bravery  and  deter- 
mination had  been  displayed  on  the  retreat  to  Banks'  Ford,  and 
his  unsurpassed  heroism  at  Antietamwas  familiar  to  all  ;  and  now, 
regardless  of  personal  safety,  he  faced  the  disordered  mass  of  Hying 
fugitives  of  the  Third  Division  and  prevailed  upon  them  to  halt  and 
re-form  their  ranks.  He  then  turned  to  the  veterans  of  the  First 
Division  and  appealed  to  them  to  remember  the  honor  of  the  Sixth 
Corps.  His  courageous  bearing  was  irresistible,  and  the  men  with  a 
great  cheer  charged  the  enemy  and  retook  their  original  line;  but, 
being  charged  in  flank,  they  were  forced  to  wheel  back  to  the  rally- 
ing point,  when  they  again  charged  and  succeeded  in  holding  the 
line,  and  thus  averted  a  great  disaster  to  the  National  army. 

The  result  of  this  battle  proved  that  the  enemy  were  too  strong 
to  force  in  front,  and  it  was  decided  to  place  the  National  army  be- 
tween General  Lee  and  Kichmond,  and  with  this  purpose  in  view 
General  Sedgwick  initiated  the  first  of  that  wonderful  series  of 
flank  movements  which  have  become  the  admiration  of  the  world. 
Withdrawing  the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Corps  quietly  from  the  line  held 
by  them,  and  moving  to  the  rear  of  the  army,  he  marched  rapidly 
from  the  right  to  the  left  flank  and  towards  Spottsylvania.  This 
movement,  quickly  followed  by  the  other  corps,  was  completed  on 
the  8th  of  May,  and  the  old  Wilderness  field  was  abandoned  to  the 
enemy;  but  they,  divining  the  object  of  the  movement,  had  marched 
troops  to  the  same  place  by  a  shorter  line,  and  the  contending 
armies  were  again  face  to  face  and  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania  was 
begun.  There  was  some  fighting  on  the  9th,  and  a  skirmish -fire 
was  kept  up  on  the  line  during  the  day.  The  Sixth  Corps  occupied 
the  left  centre,  and  while  General  Sedgwick  was  engaged  in  making 
a  reconnaissance  on  the  field  during  the  afternoon  of  that  day,  and 
as  he  was  standing  behind  the  advanced  line  of  breastworks  occu- 
pied by  his  men,  superintending,  as  was  his  custom,  the  placing  of 
a  battery  of  artillery  at  an  angle  which  he  regarded  as  of  great 
importance,  he  was  shot  by  a  Confederate  sharpshooter  and  al- 
most instantly  killed. 

With  his  chief  of  staff  he  had  walked  out  to  the  position,  where 
the  whiz  of  bullets  caused  the  men  to  dodge  and  duck  their  heads. 
He  smiled  at  them  good-naturedly  with  his  winning  manner,  until 
finally  a  bullet  whizzed  so  near  a  soldier's  ear  that  the  man  dropped 


246  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

to  the  ground.  The  general  touched  him  with  his  foot  in  humor- 
ous disdain,  saying,  "  Pooh,  pooh,  man  !  They  could  not  hit  an 
elephant  at  that  distance."  The  men  laughed  over  the  incident, 
although  the  bullets  continued  to  whiz  unpleasantly  near,  and  the 
general  was  still  smiling  over  the  banter  when  his  chief  of  staff 
heard  the  whiz  of  a  bullet  culminate  in  what  seemed  an  explosion 
close  behind  him,  and  said:  "General,  that  must  have  been  an 
explosive  bullet."  No  answer  was  returned,  but  as  the  face  of 
General  Sedgwick  turned  towards  the  officer  a  sad,  curious,  not 
despairing,  but  almost  contented  smile  was  upon  it.  Another 
moment  and  he  fell  helplessly  to  the  ground.  The  bullet  had 
entered  the  face  just  below  the  left  eye,  pierced  the  brain,  and 
passed  out  at  the  back  of  the  head.  He  never  spoke  afterwards, 
although  he  breathed  softly  for  a  while. 

Never  had  such  a  sorrow  fallen  upon  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
because  of  the  death  of  one  man,  as  came  upon  it  when  the  tidings 
passed  along  the  line  that  John  Sedgwick  was  sleeping  in  death. 
The  battle  waited  for  a  time.  He  had  honored  the  battle,  and 
thus  the  battle  honored  him.  He  was  one  of  the  oldest,  ablest, 
and  bravest  generals  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  much 
like  General  Thomas  in  manner,  disposition,  and  appearance. 
While  he  was  modest  and  retiring  in  ordinary  intercourse,  he 
always  exhibited  the  most  brilliant  qualities  in  battle.  The  dignity 
of  his  bearing  fitted  him  for  command,  and  he  required  no  insignia 
of  rank  to  win  the  deference  of  those  about  him.  He  was  of  stout 
build,  strong  and  manly  in  appearance,  and  a  trifle  abrupt  in 
manner.  He  was  conspicuous  for  purity  of  character  and  solid 
worth,  while  his  simplicity  and  manliness  endeared  him  to  all 
men.  No  general  was  more  beloved  by  the  army  or  more  highly 
honored  by  the  country.  His  corps  regarded  him  as  a  father,  and 
his  masterly  military  abilities  caused  his  judgment  to  be  sought 
after  by  his  superiors  in  all  critical  emergencies. 

Near  the  north-west  angle  of  the  parade-ground  at  the  Military 
Academy  is  a  beautiful  statue  in  bronze  standing  on  a  base  of 
granite.  On  the  south  side  of  the  base  is  the  insciiption  :  "  Major- 
General  John  Sedgwick,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  Colonel  Fourth  Cavalry, 
U.S.A.  Born  September  13,  1813.  Killed  in  battle  at  Spottsyl- 
vania,  Va.,  May  9,  18G4,  while  in  command  of  the  Sixth  Corps, 
Army  of  the  Potomac.      The  Sixth  Army  Corps,  in  loving  admi- 


MILITARY  RECORDS  OF  OFFICERS.  247 

ration  of  its  commander,  dedicates  this  statue  to  his  memory." 
On  the  north  side  of  the  base  is  a  bass-relief  in  bronze  representing 
the  death-scene  in  the  woods,  with  two  attendants  bending  over 
the  fallen  general.  In  bronze  relief  on  the  east  side  of  the  base 
is  a  massive  cross,  and  on  the  west  a  heavy  wreath.  It  adds  greatly 
to  the  pathetic  effect  that,  while  the  statue  is  in  full  military  dress 
and  the  countenance  is  set  with  resolve  and  aglow  with  hope,  the 
bass-relief  behind  tells  the  sad  ending  in  army  blouse,  trowsers,  and 
felt  hat,  with  features  relaxed  in  the  feebleness  of  approaching 
death. 


4.  Delos  B.  Sacket  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1845,  assigned  to 
the  Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  and  served  with  that  regiment  until  September,  1846, 
when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Dragoons 
(now  First  Cavalry),  to  date  from  June  30,  1846.  He  was  pro- 
moted, in  that  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  December  27,  1848. 

He  served  in  the  military  occupation  of  Texas  and  in  the 
Mexican  War,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto, 
Resaca  de  la  Palma,  and  Monterey,  where  he  was  distinguished 
for  gallant  bearing.  He  participated  in  the  famous  charge  at 
Eesaca  de  la  Palma,  where  Captain  May,  with  eighty  dragoons, 
captured  eight  guns  and  the  Mexican  General  Vega.  During  the 
charge  his  horse  was  wounded  and  fell  with  him  into  a  water-hole. 
He  disengaged  himself  with  great  difficulty,  and,  gaining  the  bank, 
seized  a  horse  from  a  Mexican  trooper  and  rejoined  his  squadron. 
He  was  specially  mentioned  in  the  official  report  of  Colonel  Twiggs 
for  conspicuous  conduct  on  that  occasion,  and  was  made  a  bre- 
vet first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  May  9,  1846,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Eesaca  de  la 
Palma. 

He  was  assigned  at  the  end  of  the  war  to  duty  in  the  Indian 
Territory,  Arkansas,  and  New  Mexico,  where  he  served  until 
1850,  when,  after  a  brief  tour  of  recruiting  service,  he  was  trans- 
ferred, in  December,  to  the  Military  Academy  as  an  assistant  in- 
structor of  cavalry  tactics,  and  was  employed  on  that  duty  until 


248  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS, 

he  was  appointed  one  of  the  original  captains  in  the  First  (present 
Fourth)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  The  headquurters 
of  his  regiment  were  established,  in  orders,  at  Jefferson  Barracks  ; 
but  shortly  thereafter  they  were  transferred  to  Fort  Leavenworth, 
where  he  joined  after  a  tour  of  regimental  recruiting  service. 

He  was  employed  in  removing  intruders  from  the  Indian  lands 
in  Kansas,  1855-56  ;  served  at  Washington  in  1857  as  a  member  of 
a  board  of  officers  which  was  convened  to  revise  the  army  regula- 
tions ;  and,  returning  to  frontier  service,  was  engaged  in  quelling 
the  Kansas  border  disturbances  of  1857-58,  participated  in  the 
Utah  and  Cheyenne  expeditions  of  1858  and  in  the  Antelope  Hills 
expedition  of  1859.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  ab- 
sence and  visited  Europe.  Upon  his  return  to  the  United  Slates 
he  was  assigned  to  Fort  Arbuckle,  I.  T.,  where  he  was  stationed 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  marched,  under 
the  command  of  Major  Emory,  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  where  he 
arrived  late  in  May.  He  was  promoted  a  major  in  his  regiment, 
to  date  from  January  31,  1861,  and  upon  arrival  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth was  informed  of  his  promotion  to  the  lieutenant-colonelcy 
of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  3,  1861.  He 
proceeded  to  Washington,  where  he  arrived  about  the  middle  of 
June,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  with  Brigadier-General  Mansfield 
as  acting  inspector-general,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  posi- 
tion until  the  next  August,  when  he  was  assigned  to  New  York 
City  as  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer;  on  the  1st  of  October, 
1861,  he  was  appointed  an  inspector  general  with  the  rank  of 
colonel,  and  served  as  inspector-general  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac from  December,  1861,  to  January,  1863  ;  participated  in  the 
Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and  Rappahannock  campaigns, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Glendale,  Malvern 
Hill,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  and  other  en- 
gagements of  less  importance. 

Colonel  Sacket  was  then  placed  in  charge  of  the  inspector- 
general's  office  in  the  War  Department,  where  he  served  until  the 
latter  part  of  May,  1863,  when  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  a 
board  of  officers  which  was  convened  to  organize  the  Invalid 
Corps.  Upon  the  completion  of  this  duty,  in  August,  he  was 
made  a  member  of  a  retiring  board,  and  so  continued  until  April, 
1864,  when  he  began  a  tour  of  inspection  which  embraced  the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  249 

Departments  of  the  Tennessee,  the  Cumberland,  Arkansas,  and 
New  Mexico,  and  occupied  his  time  until  August,  1865,  when  lie 
returned  to  New  York  City,  and  awaited  orders  until  April,  L866. 
He  was  made  a  brevet  brigadier-general  and  a  brevet  major- 
general,  to  date  from  March  13,  18G5,  for  gallant,  faithful,  and 
meritorious  services  in  the  field  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

Colonel  Sacket  made  a  tour  of  inspection  on  the  Pacitic  coast 
during  the  summer  of  18GG,  and  thereafter  served  as  inspector- 
general  of  the  Department  of  the  Tennessee  and  of  the  Cumber- 
land from  November,  18GG,  to  October,  18G8.  He  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  the  Division  of  the  Atlantic,  where  he  served  until 
October,  1872,  when  lie  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  War  Depart- 
ment, and  acted  under  the  instructions  of  the  Secretary  of  War 
until  July,  1876.  He  was  then  assigned  as  inspector-general  of 
the  Division  of  the  Missouri,  and  continued  to  discharge  the  duties 
of  the  position,  having  station  at  Chicago,  until  January  2,  1881, 
when,  having  become  the  senior  inspector-general  of  the  army,  he 
was  promoted  a  brigadier-general  and  transferred  to  Washington, 
D.  0.,  where  he  is  now  serving. 


5.  Lawrence  P.  Graham  was  born  in  Virginia,  and  was 
appointed  from  that  State  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Second 
Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  October  13,  1837,  and  was  pro- 
moted, in  his  "regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  January  1,  1839,  and  a 
captain  August  31,  1843.  He  served  in  Florida  and  the  South- 
west until  about  1844,  being  engaged  in  a  combat  with  the 
Seminole  Indians  at  Lochahatchee,  January  24,  1838,  and  was  re- 
ported in  October,  1840,  as  "sick  of  wounds  at  San  Augustine." 
His  career  in  Florida  was  that  of  all  officers  who  served  there 
during  the  long-continued  contest  with  the  Seminoles— marches, 
scouts,  and  campaigns,  with  combats  and  actions,  attracting  much 
attention  then,  but  now  almost  if  not  entireiy  forgotten  except  by 
the  older  officers  of  the  army. 

He  was  stationed  at  Fort  Jesnp,  La.,  from  May,  1842,  to  July, 
1845,  when  he  marched  across  the  country,  about  live  hundred 
miles,  to  Corpus  Christi,  and  arrived  there  late  in  August,  where 
the  Army  of  Occupation  under  the  command  of  General  Taylor 


250  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

was  to  assemble.  He  participated,  in  March,  1846,  in  the  move- 
ment to  Camps  Twiggs  and  Matamoras  and  Point  Isabel  ;  served 
in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto, 
Resaca  de  la  Palma,  and  Monterey ;  won  a  conspicuous  mention  in 
the  report  of  Captain  May,  Second  Dragoons,  for  gallantry  in  lead- 
ing a  charge  against  the  enemy's  batteries  at  Eesaca  de  la  Palma, 
and  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  May  9,  1846,  for  gallant 
conduct  at  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Eesaca  de  la  Palma. 

When  General  Scott  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eio  Grande, 
about  the  1st  of  January,  1847,  Captain  Graham's  company  was 
retained  with  General  Taylor,  while  the  other  companies  of  his 
regiment  joined  General  Scott.  Thus  it  happened,  when  the  de- 
cision was  made,  in  July,  1848,  to  march  troops  overland  to  Cali- 
fornia, that  he  was  available  to  accompany  the  command. 

Upon  arrival  at  Chihuahua  the  troops  were  divided  into  two 
detachments,  and  Captain  Graham  marched  with  his  squadrons 
(one  of  the  First  and  one  of  the  Second  Dragoons)  by  the  way  of 
Tucson,  and  arrived  at  the  Gila  River,  near  the  Colorado,  late  in 
October.  During  the  march  thence  to  Los  Angeles  the  troops 
suffered  severely,  and  he  did  not  succeed  in  getting  his  men  into 
quarters  until  about  the  10th  of  January,  1849.  He  was  for  some 
time  in  command  of  the  Southern  Military  District  of  California, 
and  displayed  much  energy  and  good  judgment  in  discharging  the 
duties  of  the  position  ;  but  the  discovery  of  gold  caused  many 
desertions,  and,  as  a  result,  the  non-commissioned  officers  and 
musicians  of  his  companies  were  ordered  on  recruiting  service, 
and  the  remaining  men  were  transferred  to  the  First  Dragoons. 

He  then  returned  to  the  Atlantic  States,  where  he  served 
until  April,  1850,  when  he  started  with  a  detachment  of  recruits 
for  Santa  Fe,  where  he  arrived  in  July,  and  continued  on  duty  in 
New  Mexico  until  August,  1852  (participating  in  the  Navajo 
expedition  of  that  year).  He  was  then  ordered  to  New  York 
City  on  cavalry  recruiting  service,  where  he  had  station  until 
October,  1854,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
and  was  actively  employed  on  the  plains  until  he  was  promoted 
a  major  in  his  regiment,  to  date  from  June  14,  185S.  He  was 
then  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Mounted  Eecruiting  Ser- 
vice and  stationed  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  where  he  served  until 
September,  1861,  when  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  called  him  to  other 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  251 

fields  of  duty.  Tie  was  appointed  :i  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
August  31,  18G1,  and  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth 
Cavalry  October  1,  18G1.  He  organized  the  cavalry  brigade  at 
Washington  and  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  which  he  command- 
ed until  April,  18G2.  He  was  president  of  a  general  court-martial 
at  St.  Louis,  and  also  president  of  a  board  of  officers  which  was 
convened  at  Annapolis  for  the  examination  of  invalid  officers  for 
promotion,  until  the  fall  of  18G6.  He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the 
Fourth  Cavalry  May  9,  1864,  and  was  made  a  brevet  brigadier- 
general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  during  the  Avar  of  the  Eebellion,  and  was  mustered  out 
of  volunteer  service  August  24,  1865.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  a  board  of  officers  which  was  convened  at  Washington  for  the 
examination  of  candidates  for  commissions  in  the  regular  army, 
September-December,  1867  ;  as  inspector-general  of  the  Fifth 
Military  District,  at  New  Orleans,  January-June,  1868,  and  as 
president  of  a  retiring  board  at  St.  Louis,  July-December,  1868. 
He  then  proceeded  to  Texas,  where  he  commanded  his  regiment 
until  December  15, 1870,  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service  at 
his  own  request,  having  served  over  thirty  years.  He  has  traveled 
extensively  during  the  past  twelve  years,  and  wherever  met,  at 
home  or  in  foreign  lands,  he  is  the  same  genial,  warm-hearted 
soldier  that  he  was  in  Florida,  in  Mexico,  and  on  the  shores  of  the 
Pacific. 


6.  Andrew  J.  Smith  was  born  in  Bucks  County,  Pa.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 
1838,  assigned  to  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First  Cavalry)  as  a 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  first  lieu- 
tenant March  4,  1845,  a  captain  February  16,  1847,  and  a  major 
May  13,  1861. 

After  serving  at  Carlisle  and  on  recruiting  service  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  frontier,  and  participated  in  an  expedition  to  the 
Pottawatomie  country  in  1840  ;  thereafter  served  in  Kansas  and 
Missouri,  with  stations  at  Fort  Leavenworth  and  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, and  participated  in  1845  in  an  expedition  to  the  South 
Pass  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 


252  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

He  served,  during  the  war  with  Mexico,  at  San  Diego,  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  Sonoma,  Gal.,  and  as  acting  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  bat- 
talion of  Iowa  (Mormon)  Volunteers,  August  30-October  13,  1846. 
He  was  then  assigned  to  recruiting  duty,  and  returned  to  frontier 
service  in  Oregon  and  Washington  Territory  in  1853,  where  he 
remained  until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  Dur- 
ing these  years  he  was  actively  employed  in  the  Indian  campaigns 
of  1853-55-56,  and  I860;  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cow 
Creek,  October  31,  1855,  in  the  actions  with  the  Snake  Indians 
near  Harney's  Lake,  May  24,  1860,  and  near  the  Owyhee  River, 
June  23,  1860,  and  in  other  affairs  of  less  importance.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Oregon  War  Claims  Commission  in  1857-58,  and 
had  stations  at  Forts  Orford,  Lane,  and  Yamhill,  in  Oregon,  and 
Forts  Walla  Walla  and  Vancouver,  in  Washington  Territory. 

When  the  California  volunteer  regiments  were  called  into  the 
service  of  the  United  States  he  accepted  the  colonelcy  of  the  Second 
California  Cavalry,  to  date  from  October  2,  1861,  and  joined  his 
regiment  at  Camp  Alert,  near  San  Francisco  ;  but  when  the  War 
Department  decided  that  the  organization  was  to  remain  on  the 
Pacific  coast  he  resigned  the  colonelcy,  November  13,  1861,  and 
proceeded  to  St.  Louis,  where  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  chief  of 
cavalry  of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri.  He  was  appointed  a 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers  March  17,  1862,  and  was  made  chief 
of  cavalry  of  the  Department  of  the  Mississippi,  which  position 
he  occupied  until  July,  1862.  He  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of 
Corinth,  and  commanded  a  division  in  Kentucky  during  October 
and  November,  in  the  expedition  to  the  Yazoo  River,  and  in  the 
assault  of  Chickasaw  Bluffs,  December  27,  1862. 

General  Smith  commanded  the  First  Division  of  the  Thirteenth 
Army  Corps  in  the  successful  assault  on  Post  Arkansas  in  January, 
1863,  where  he  displayed  the  qualities  of  a  skilful  soldier.  He  had 
the  same  command  during  the  Vicksburg  campaign  of  1863,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  advance  to  Grand  Gulf;  the  battles  of  Port 
Gibson,  Champion  Hills,  and  Big  Black  River;  in  the  assault  upon, 
and  siege  of,  Vicksburg  from  the  19th  of  May  to  the  4th  of  July, 
and  the  capture  of  Jackson,  Miss.  He  was  transferred,  in  August, 
to  the  command  of  the  Sixth  Division,  Sixteenth  Army  Corps, 
which  he  retained  until  January,  18G4,  and  was  in  command  of 
the  District  of  Columbus,  Ky.     He  was  then  transferred  to  the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  253 

command  of  the  Third  Division  of  the  same  corps,  and  served  in 
the  Department  of  the  Tennessee.  He  participated  in  the  Red 
River  campaign  of  1864,  commanding  detachments  of  the  Six- 
teenth and  Seventeenth  Army  Corps,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
assault  upon,  and  capture  of,  Fort  De  Russy  and  the  battles  of 
Pleasant  Hill  and  Cane  River.  He  protested  against  the  retreat 
from  Pleasant  Hill,  and  desired  to  pursue  the  enemy  instead  of 
retreating.  He  was  conspicuous  for  daring  and  activity  in  cover- 
ing the  retreat  of  General  Banks'  army,  and  was  daily  engaged 
with  the  enemy.  He  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from 
April  10,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Pleasant  Hill  ;  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth 
Cavalry  May  9,  1864,  and  was  appointed  a  major-general  of  volun- 
teers May  12,  1864. 

General  Smith  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the  Sixteenth 
Army  Corps  in  the  campaign  in  Mississippi  and  Tennessee  during 
the  summer  of  1864,  and  also  commanded  in  the  battles  near  Lake 
Village  and  Tupelo.  He  was  then  transferred  to  Missouri,  where 
he  was  employed  until  November,  1864,  in  protecting  St.  Louis 
from  a  threatened  attack  by  the  enemy.  He  then  joined  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee  with  two  veteran  divisions  of  the  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps,  participated  in  the  campaign  against  General  Hood's  army, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Nashville  and  in  the  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  to  Pulaski. 

He  commanded  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps  from  February 
to  July,  1865  ;  participated  in  the  Mobile  campaign,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  siege  of  Spanish  Fort ;  held  in  reserve  during 
the  storming  of  Fort  Blakely  and  in  the  movement  against,  and 
occupation  of,  Montgomery,  Ala.  He  commanded  the  District  of 
Montgomery,  and  later  the  District  of  Western  Louisiana  until 
January  15,  1866,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service. 
He  was  made  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Tupelo, 
Miss.,  and  a  brevet  major-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Nashville. 

He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  Seventh  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
July  28.  L866,  and  assumed  the  command  of  his  regiment  on  the 
26th  of  November.  He  also  commanded  the  District  of  the  Upper 
Arkansas  until  September  10,   1867,  when   he  succeeded  to  the 


254  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

command  of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri,  which  he  retained 
until  March  2,  1868.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence,  and  resigned  his  commission  on  the  6th  of  May,  1869, 
to  accept  the  postmastership  of  St.  Louis,  which  office  he  held 
for  several  years.  He  was  then  elected  treasurer  of  the  city  of 
St.  Louis,  and  is  now  discharging  the  duties  of  that  office. 


7.  Thomas  Duncan  was  born  in  Illinois,  and  was  appointed 
from  that  State  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Mounted  Rifles  (now  Third 
Cavalry),  to  date  from  May  27,  1846.  He  was  employed  on 
recruiting  service  at  Vandalia,  111.,  until  November,  when  he 
joined  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  and  on  the  22d  of  December  started 
for  Mexico,  and  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eio  Grande  on  the 
20th  of  January,  1847.  One  month  later  he  embarked  with  his 
company  for  Lobos  Island,  and  sailed  thence  to  Vera  Cruz,  where 
he  landed  with  his  regiment,  which  was  assigned  a  position 
in  the  line  of  investment  of  that  place  on  the  13th  of  March, 
1847. 

He  was  on  detached  service  from  April,  1847,  to  January,  1848, 
when  he  rejoined  his  company  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  where  he 
served  (promoted  a  captain  March  15,  1848)  until  June  5,  1848, 
when  he  was  ordered  to  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  arrived  in 
July,  and  was  assigned  to  regimental  recruiting  service  at  Indian- 
apolis until  the  end  of  the  year,  when  he  returned  to  Jefferson 
Barracks.  He  proceeded  to  Fort  Leavenworth  in  March,  1849, 
marched  thence  to  Fort  Laramie,  where  he  arrived  in  June 
and  had  station  until  September,  1851,  when  he  returned  to 
Fort  Leavenworth,  whence  he  was  sent  to  Jefferson  Barracks, 
where  he  arrived  in  October.  He  was  then  selected  to  purchase 
horses  for  the  regiment,  and  upon  the  completion  of  the  duty  and 
after  a  leave  of  absence  rejoined  his  company  near  Los  Olmitas, 
Texas,  in  December,  1852,  and  continued  on  duty  in  that  State 
until  the  summer  of  1856,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence.  He  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Union,  N.  M.,  in  No- 
vember, 1857,  continued  on  duty  in  that  Territory  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1862,  and  was  actively  employed  in  field  and  garrison  duties. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  255 

He  commanded  Forts  Burgwin  and  Massachusetts,  and  had  charge 
of  the  construction  of,  and  commanded,  Fort  Garland,  Col.  lie 
participated  in  the  Navajo  expedition  of  1858  ;  commanded,  in 
May,  18G1,  the  escort  for  the  commissioners  who  were  appointed 
to  visit  the  Comanchcs,  and  was  engaged  (commanding)  in  a  com- 
bat with  Santanta's  Comanches  about  fifty  miles  south  of  Fort 
Union,  on  the  29th  of  that  month,  defeating  them  Avith  severe 
loss. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  his  regiment,  to  date  from  June 
10,  18G1,  and  was  employed  on  field-service  until  July  30  1861, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  Wise,  Col.,  where  he  had  station 
until  called  to  Fort  Craig,  where  he  commanded  his  regiment 
and  the  post  during  the  winter  of  1861-62.  He  commanded  the 
cavalry  forces  at  the  battle  of  Val  Verde  (near  Fort  Craig),  N.  M., 
February  21,  1862,  and  rendered  conspicuous  service  by  supporting 
Hall's  Battery  against  the  repeated  charges  of  the  enemy.  He  was 
severely  wounded  in  an  engagement  Avith  the  enemy  near  Albu- 
querque, N.  M.,  April  8,  1862,  and  was,  in  consequence  thereof, 
compelled  to  relinquish  the  command  of  his  regiment. 

Major  Duncan  was  ordered,  in  June,  1862,  to  report  to  the  ad- 
jutant-general of  the  army,  and  on  the  25th  of  April,  1863,  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  assistant  provost-marshal-general  of  Iowa,  and 
later  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  volunteer  recruiting  ser- 
vice and  chief  mustering  and  disbursing  officer  in  that  State.  He 
was  thus  employed  until  he  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866,  when  he  joined  the 
regiment  at  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  commanded  the  station  from 
October,  1866,  to  September,  1868.  He  also  commanded  the  Dis- 
trict of  Nashville  from  December,  1867,  to  September,  1868,  when 
he  was  relieved  and  ordered  to  field-service  in  the  Department  of 
the  Platte.  He  arrived  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  May,  1869, 
where  he  had  station  until  August,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Republican  River  expedition,  which  was  disband- 
ed on  the  31st  of  October.  He  then  conducted  a  detachment  of 
the  regiment  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  arrived  in  No- 
vember and  had  station  until  May,  1871.  He  was  then  placed  in 
charge  of  the  construction  of  Sidney  Barracks,  Neb.,  where  he  was 
employed  when  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  Arizona  in  November, 
1871.     His  health  would  not  permit  him  to  accompany  the  regi- 


256  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ment,  and  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  Janu- 
ary 15,  1873,  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service  for  wounds 
received  in  the  line  of  duty.  He  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  to  date  from  April  S,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  action  near  Albuquerque,  N.  M.,  and  a  brevet 
colonel  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13, 
1865,  for  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
His  home  is  in  Washington,  D.  C. 


8.  Johx  P.  Hatch  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1845,  and  assigned 
to  the  Third  Infantry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant ;  was  trans- 
ferred in  that  grade  to  the  Mounted  Rifles  (now  Third  Cavalry) 
July  17,  1846,  and  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  second  lieu- 
tenant April  18,  1847  ;  a  first  lieutenant  June  30,  1851,  and  a  cap- 
tain October  13,  1860. 

He  joined  his  company  at  Newport  Barracks  in  August,  1846, 
where  he  had  station  until  October,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Jefferson  Barracks  and  served  as  acting  regimental  adjutant  until 
the  13th  of  November.  He  participated  in  the  military  occupation 
of  Texas,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Be- 
saca  de  la  Palma  ;  arrived  at  Vera  Cruz  in  March,  1847,  and  was 
actively  employed  during  the  war  with  Mexico,  being  engaged  in 
the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  the  skirmish  of  Puente  del  Medio,  the 
battles  of  Cerro  Gordo,  Contreras,  Churubusco,  Chapul tepee,  and 
the  assault  upon,  and  capture  of,  the  city  of  Mexico,  where  he  was 
stationed  until  the  5th  of  June,  1848.  He  was  made  a  brevet  first 
lieutenant,  to  date  from  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  and  a 
hr  vcfc  captain,  to  date  from  September  13,  1847,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec.  He  served  as 
acting  regimental  adjutant  from  May  to  July,  1847,  and  on  the  1st 
of  November  was  appointed  adjutant  and  held  the  office  until  May, 
1850,  when  he  was  relieved  at  his  own  request.  He  returned  to 
Jefferson  Barracks  in  July,  1848,  and  availed  himself  of  a  leavf  of 
absence.  Upon  the  expiration  of  the  leave  be  was  assigned  to  re- 
cruiting service,  and  had  stations  at  Oswego  and  New  York  until 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  257 

February,  1849,  when  he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Camp  Sumner, 
near  Fort  Leavenworth. 

He  started,  in  May,  1849,  on  the  overland  march  with  his 
regiment  to  Oregon,  arrived  at  Fort  Vancouver  about  the  1st  of 
October,  and  served  as  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the 
Eleventh  Military  Department  (Oregon)  until  May  8,  1850.  He 
was  employed  on  detached  service  until  September,  when  he  re- 
turned to  the  Eastern  States,  and  in  January,  1851,  was  assigned 
to  recruiting  service  at  Rochester,  N.  Y.,  where  he  served  until 
October,  when  he  rejoined  at  Jefferson  Barracks  and  commanded 
his  company  until  June,  1854.  He  was  acting  regimental  adjutant 
from  November,  1851,  to  January,  1852.  He  changed  station  to 
Texas  in  the  winter  of  1852,  served  at  Indian ola,  Edinburg,  and 
Forts  Merrill  and  Ewell,  and  was  employed  on  field-service  during 
the  summer  and  fall  of  1852,  the  fall  of  1853,  and  the  early  sum- 
mer of  1854.  He  was  assigned,  in  June,  1854,  to  recruiting  ser- 
vice, and  continued  on  that  duty  until  July,  1856,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  rejoin  his  regiment  in  New  Mexico.  He  reported  at 
Fort  Union  in  October,  resumed  the  command  of  his  company 
in  April,  1857,  and  marched  to  Albuquerque,  whence  he  moved 
with  the  northern  column  against  the  Gila  Indians,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  combat  at  the  Canon  de  los  Muerto  Carneros  on  the 
24th  of  May.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  Defiance,  where  he 
arrived  in  October  and  served  as  quartermaster  and  commissary 
until  September,  1858,  when  he  joined  the  column  against  the 
Navajo  Indians  and  commanded  the  troops  in  a  skirmish  near  the 
Laguna  Negra  on  the  25th  of  that  month,  and  was  engaged  in 
several  minor  affairs  during  the  progress  of  the  expedition.  He 
changed  station  to  Fort  Craig  in  1859,  commanded  the  escort 
with  Hon.  J.  S.  Phelps  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  was  thus  em- 
ployed from  the  1st  of  July  to  the  9th  of  November.  He  was 
stationed  at  Fort  Craig  and  Albuquerque  in  1860-61 ;  served  as 
quartermaster  and  commissary  at  Fort  Craig  from  February  to 
May,  1860,  and  as  depot  commissary  at  Albuquerque  and  chief 
commissary  of  the  Department  of  New  Mexico  from  May,  1860,  to 
September,  1861.  He  then  joined  his  company  (as  captain)  at 
Fort  Marcy,  and  was  employed  in  organizing  it  as  a  light  battery 
of  artillery  until  the  end  of  October,  when  he  proceeded  East  for 
17 


258  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

service  in  the  Avar  of  the  Rebellion,  having  been  appointed  a  briga- 
dier-general of  volunteers,  to  date  from  September  28,  1861. 

General  Hatch  commanded  a  brigade  of  cavalry  in  General 
King's  division  at  Annapolis  during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  and 
distinguished  himself  by  several  daring  reconnaissances  about  Gor- 
donsville,  the  Rapidan,  and  the  Rappahannock.  He  commanded 
the  cavalry  of  the  Fifth  Army  Corps  during  the  operations  in  the 
Shenandoah  Valley  from  the  28th  of  March  to  the  29th  of  July, 
1862,  and  participated  in  the  combat  at  Winchester  and  in  the 
retreat  to  the  Potomac.  He  was  then  assigned  to  an  infantry 
brigade  (formerly  Augur's),  and  in  August  assumed  the  command 
of  General  King's  division.  He  participated  in  the  Northern  Vir- 
ginia and  Maryland  campaigns  of  August  and  September,  1862, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  at  Groveton  and  in  the  battles  of 
Manassas  (where  he  was  wounded),  Chantilly,  and  South  Mountain, 
where  his  command  formed  the  right  of  General  Hooker's  corps. 
He  was  severely  wounded  in  the  engagement  and  did  not  return  to 
duty  until  the  18th  of  February,  1863,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
general  court-martial  service  until  July  28,  1863.  He  was  then 
placed  in  command  of  the  draft  rendezvous  at  Philadelphia  until 
November,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  cavalry 
station  at  St.  Louis,  where  he  served  until  February,  1864.  He 
was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  August  30,  1862,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Manassas  ;  a  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  September  14,  1862,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  and  on 
the  27th  of  October,  1863,  he  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fourth 
Cavalry. 

General  Hatch  was  assigned,  in  February,  1864,  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  South,  where  he  served  until  the  end  of  the  war, 
commanding  at  different  periods  the  District  of  Florida,  the  Dis- 
trict of  Hilton  Head,  the  Northern  District,  the  Coast  Division, 
and  the  Department  of  the  South.  He  also  commanded  the 
National  forces  operating  on  John's  Island,  S.  C,  in  July,  1864  ; 
in  the  attack  at  Honey  Hill,  S.  C,  November  20,  1864;  and  the 
action  of  Tullifinny  River,  S.  C,  December  9,  1864.  He  then 
served  under  the  orders  of  General  Sherman,  co-operated  with  the 
general  during  his  march  up  the  coast,  and  was  engaged  in  several 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  259 

General  Hatch  received  the  brevets  of  colonel  and  brigadier- 
general,  and  also  the  brevet  of  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date 
from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
field  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  was  mustered  out  of 
volunteer  service,  to  date  from  January  15,  1866. 

He  returned  to  Texas  in  May,  1866,  and  commanded  his 
regiment  until  January,  1868,  when  he  was  appointed  acting  as- 
sistant inspector-general  of  the  Department  of  Texas,  and  dis- 
charged the  duties  of  that  office  until  the  next  May.  He  then 
served  as  superintendent  of  the  Mounted  Recruiting  Service  at 
Carlisle  until  April,  1870,  when  he  returned  to  Texas  and  com- 
manded Fort  Concho  until  January,  1873.  He  was  promoted 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  January  15,  1873,  but  with- 
out joining  exchanged,  with  Lieutenant-Colonel  Carr,  to  the 
Fourth  Cavalry  on  the  10th  of  April,  1873.  He  served  at  the 
headquarters  of  the  Department  of  Texas  from  January  to  Sep- 
tember, 1873,  when  he  assumed  command  of  Fort  Clark  and  his 
regiment,  which  he  retained  until  June,  1875.  He  was  a  member 
of  a  Board  on  Army  Supplies  from  January  to  June,  1876.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort  Sill,  I.  T.,  and  was 
afterwards  transferred  to  Fort  Elliott,  Texas,  where  he  had  station 
until  he  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  Second  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
June  26,  1881.  He  is  now  serving  at  Fort  Custer,  Mon.,  as  a  post 
and  regimental  commander. 


9.  Eugene  A.  Carr  was  born  in  Erie  County,  N.  Y.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1850, 
and  assigned  to  the  Mounted  Rifles  (now  Third  Cavalry)  as  a 
brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a 
second  lieutenant  June  30,  1851.  He  served  at  Carlisle  until 
June,  1851,  when  he  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
unci  served  at  that  station  until  June,  1852,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  Fort  Leavenworth  for  frontier  service.  He  participated  in  two 
expeditions  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  during  1852-53  ;  served  as 
adjutant,  quartermaster,  and  commissary  for  Major  Sanderson's 
command  from  June  to  October,  1852,  and  as  adjutant,  quarter- 
master, and  commissary  for  Captain  Van  Buren's  command  from 
July  to  October,  1853. 


260  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1852-53  at  Fort  Scott,  Mo., 
and  in  the  fall  of  1853  was  transferred  from  Fort  Leavenworth  to 
Fort  Gibson,  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  and  thence  to  Texas,  where 
he  was  actively  employed  in  field-service,  and  was  severely 
wounded  in  a  combat  with  the  Mescalero  Apaches  near  Mount 
Diavolo  on  the  10th  of  October,  1854.  He  was  promoted,  for 
gallantry  in  this  affair,  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  First  (present 
Fourth)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  then  partici- 
pated in  the  Sioux  expedition  of  1855  ;  served  at  Fort  Leavenworth 
and  in  field-service  in  Kansas  in  1856  ;  was  employed  in  quelling 
the  Kansas  border  disturbances  and  served  as  an  aide-de-camp  for 
Governor  Eobert  J.  Walker  from  the  1st  of  May  to  the  22d  of 
December,  1857,  when  he  was  ordered  to  special  duty  at  "Washing- 
ton, where  he  remained  during  the  winter.  He  was  promoted  a 
captain,  in  his  regiment,  June  11,  1858,  and  participated  in  the 
Utah  expedition  of  that  year.  He  was  then  ordered  to  Fort 
Washita,  where  he  had  station  until  April,  1861,  and  served  with 
the  expedition  to  the  Antelope  Hills  in  1859,  with  the  Kiowa  and 
Comanche  expedition  of  1860,  and  was  engaged  in  several  skir- 
mishes with  the  hostile  Indians. 

Captain  Carr  marched  in  May,  1861,  under  the  command  of 
Major  Emory,  from  Fort  Washita  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  at 
once  entered  upon  active  service  in  General  Lyon's  campaign  in 
South-western  Missouri.  He  participated  in  the  action  at  Dug 
Springs  and  in  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  where  he  commanded 
his  company  and  won  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date 
from  August  10,  1861,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He 
was  commissioned,  in  September,  1861,  colonel  of  the  Third  Illi- 
nois Cavalry,  to  date  from  August  15,  1861,  and  was  an  acting 
brigadier-general  in  General  Fremont's  Hundred  Days'  campaign, 
and  later  served  under  Generals  Hunter,  Halleck,  and  Curtis. 

He  commanded  during  January,  1862,  about  twenty-five 
hundred  cavalry  which,  moving  from  Rolla  towards  Springfield, 
were  employed  as  a  force  of  observation.  He  was  assigned  in 
February  to  the  command  of  the  Fourth  Division  of  the  Army  of 
the  Southwest;  participated  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  into 
Arkansas;  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Eidge,  where  he  wTas 
conspicuous  for  daring  and  coolness  in  locating  and  directing  the 
deployment  of  his  division  on  the  extreme  right  during  the  battle 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  261 

of  the  second  day,  and  where,  although  thrice  wounded,  he  held 
his  position  for  seven  hours,  and  hy  superb  fighting  contributed  in 
a  great  measure  to  the  brilliant  success  of  the  National  army. 
The  casualties  in  his  command  exceeded  seven  hundred,  more  than 
half  the  entire  loss  in  the  two  days'  battle.  He  was  appointed  a 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  7,  1862,  in 
recognition  of  distinguished  services  on  that  occasion.  He  after- 
wards participated  in  the  operations  against  Little  Rock,  the 
march  to  Helena  during  the  summer  of  1862,  and  was  pro- 
moted, in  November,  1862,  a  major  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  July  17,  1862. 

General  Carr  commanded  the  Army  of  the  South-west  during 
the  fall  of  1862,  and  was  preparing  for  an  active  campaign  when 
failing  health  compelled  him  to  retire  from  the  field  ;  he  was 
afterwards  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  St.  Louis  District  of 
Missouri,  where  he  served  during  the  winter  of  1862-63.  He  com- 
manded the  Fourteenth  Division  of  the  Thirteenth  Army  Corps 
during  the  Vicksburg  campaign  of  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Magnolia  Church  and  Port  Gibson  (leading),  the  capture 
of  Jackson,  the  action  at  Edwards'  Station  (commanding),  the 
battle  of  Champion  Hill,  the  capture  of  the  enemy's  works  at  Big 
Black  River  Bridge,  the  assaults  upon  Vicksburg,  18th  (leading) 
and  22d  of  May,  and  the  siege  and  capture  of  Vicksburg,  23d  of 
May-4th  of  July.  He  was  conspicuous  for  courage  and  ability  in 
the  battles  of  this  memorable  campaign,  and  won  the  highest  com- 
mendations from  his  corps  commander. 

The  corps  in  which  General  Carr  was  a  gallant  leader  opened 
and  led  the  way  to  the  fields  of  Magnolia  Church,  Port  Gibson, 
and  Champion  Hills,  where  he  was  remarkable  for  the  vigor  of  his 
operations,  capturing  at  Edwards'  Station  a  railway  train  of  com- 
missary and  ordnance  stores.  The  corps  fought  and  won  the  battle 
of  Big  Black  River,  where  General  Carr's  division  had  the  extreme 
advance  of  the  National  column,  and  began  and  ended  the  engage- 
ment ;  his  division  also  made  the  first  lodgment  in  the  enemy's 
works  at  Vicksburg  on  the  22d  of  May,  where  he  was  conspicuous 
for  coolness  under  fire  and  for  holding  his  command  so  steady  that 
not  a  regiment  faltered  on  that  occasion.  He  was  recommended 
for  promotion  as  a  reward  for  his  skill,  valor,  and  distinguished 
services  during  this  campaign,  which  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  the 


262  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

enemy  in  five  battles,  the  occupation  of  Jackson,  and  the  capture 
of  Vicksburg ;  he  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  May 
17,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Big  Black  Eiver 
Bridge. 

General  Carr  commanded  the  left  wing  of  the  Sixteenth  Army 
Corps  at  Corinth  during  the  fall  of  1863,  and  in  December  was 
transferred  to  Little  Eock,  where  he  commanded  the  Second 
Division  of  the  Army  of  Arkansas  until  January,  1864.  He  was 
afterwards  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  cavalry  division  in  the 
Department  of  Arkansas,  which  he  retained  until  May,  1864  ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  expedition  against  Camden  ;  was  engaged  in  the 
actions  at  the  crossing  of  the  Little  Bed  River,  at  Poison  Spring 
(commanding),  at  Prairie  D'Ane,  and  the  crossing  of  the  Saline 
River  at  Jenkins'  Ferry.  He  was  then  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  District  of  Little  Rock,  where  he  served  until  January, 
1865,  and  was  engaged  with  the  enemy  at  Clarendon  on  the  20th 
of  June.  He  commanded  the  Third  Division  of  the  Sixteenth 
Army  Corps  during  the  operations  against  Mobile  in  the  spring  of 
1865,  and  was  distinguished  for  gallantry  at  the  siege  of  Spanish 
Fort,  the  capture  of  which  compelled  the  evacuation  of  Mobile. 
He  also  participated  in  the  assault  on  Fort  Blakely,  and  was  made 
a  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  11,  1865, 
for  valuable  services  during  the  campaign.  He  served  on  the 
march  to  Montgomery,  Ala.,  and  commanded  the  St.  Francis 
River  District  until  January  15,  1866,  when  he  was  mustered  out 
of  volunteer  service  and  was  subsequently  made  a  brevet  brigadier- 
general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  capture  of  Little  Rock,  Ark.;  and  a  brevet  major- 
general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  field  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

Upon  the  expiration  of  a  brief  leave  of  absence  he  proceeded  to 
North  Carolina,  and  was  assigned,  in  March,  1866,  to  the  command 
of  a  detachment  of  the  regiment  and  the  post  of  Raleigh.  He  con- 
tinued on  this  duty  until  April,  1867,  when  he  was  placed  on  wait- 
ing orders.  He  was  assigned,  in  September,  to  duty  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Department  of  Washington,  where  he  served  as 
acting  judge-advocate  until  April,  1868,  and  thereafter,  and  until 
about  the  end  of  September,  as  acting  assistant  inspector-general 
and  discharge  officer.     He  was  then  ordered  to  St.  Louis  for  duty 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  263 

with  a  battalion  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  the  companies  of  which  wore 
moving  from  stations  in  the  Southern  States  to  Kansas  for  the 
purpose  of  participating  in  a  campaign  against  the  hostile  Sioux 
and  Cheyennes.  He  joined  in  the  field  on  the  23d  of  October,  and 
served  with  the  battalion  until  the  30th  of  July,  18G9.  During 
this  period  he  commanded  an  expedition  on  the  western  frontier  of 
Kansas  in  the  fall  of  1868,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combats  of  the 
18th,  25th,  and  26th  of  October  on  Beaver  and  Shuter  Creeks  and 
on  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  River.  He  commanded  an  expe- 
dition to  the  Canadian  River  during  the  winter  of  1868-69 ;  and 
when  marching  across  the  country,  in  May,  1869,  from  Sheridan, 
Kan.,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  fought  and  defeated  a  large  force 
of  Cheyennes  on  Beaver  Creek,  Kan.  He  vigorously  pursued  the 
enemy  "for  three  days,  and  again  inflicted  a  severe  loss  upon  them 
at  Spring  Creek,  Neb.  He  commanded  the  expedition  to  the 
Republican  River  during  June  and  July,  1869,  and  by  a  series  of 
brilliant  operations  against  the  savages  opened  that  country  to  set- 
tlement. He  commanded  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  Col.,  and  in 
the  brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs,  Col.,  on  the  11th  of  July, 
where  he  signally  defeated  the  band  of  Dog  Soldiers  under  the 
celebrated  Cheyenne  chief  Tall  Bull,  thus  securing  a  lasting  peace 
to  the  long-distracted  frontiers  of  Kansas,  Nebraska,  and  Colorado. 
His  conspicuous  services  during  these  operations  were  esteemed  of 
so  much  value  and  importance  to  the  country  that  he  received  the 
congratulations  of  the  department  commander  Brigadier-General 
Augur,  of  Lieutenant-General  Sheridan,  and  of  General  Sherman, 
and  the  thanks,  by  joint  resolutions,  of  the  Legislatures  of  Ne- 
braska and  Colorado. 

He  was  stationed  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  from  the  fall  of 
1869  to  the  27th  of  November,  1871,  when  he  succeeded  to  the 
command  of  the  regiment  and  conducted  the  headquarters  and  six 
companies  to  the  Department  of  Arizona.  He  arrived  in  January, 
1872,  at  Camp  McDowell,  where  the  regiment  was  concentrated 
and  distributed  ;  had  station  there  until  February,  1873,  and  was 
employed  part  of  the  time  on  general  court-martial  duty  at  Pres- 
cott  and  San  Francisco.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of 
the  Fourth  Cavalry  January  7,  1873,  but,  without  joining  that 
regiment,  exchanged  with  Lieutenant-Colonel  Hatch,  to  date  from 
April  10,  1873.     He  changed  station,  with  the  headquarters  of  the 


264  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

regiment,  to  Camp  Lowell  in  February,  1873,  where  he  served  in 
charge  of  the  construction  of  that  post  until  April,  1874,  when  he 
was  sent  to  San  Diego  and  Los  Angeles  as  president  of  a  board  of 
officers  which  was  convened  to  purchase  cavalry  horses.  Upon 
the  completion  of  this  duty  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of 
absence  and  visited  Europe.  He  resumed  the  command  of  the 
regiment  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  in  June,  1875,  and,  except  a  brief 
tour  of  field-service  in  November,  remained  at  that  station  until 
June,  1876.  He  was  then  transferred,  with  the  headquarters  and 
eight  companies,  to  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  for  the  purpose  of  partici- 
pating in  the  Sioux  campaign  of  that  year.  He  moved  from 
Cheyenne  to  Fort  Laramie  and  operated  in  the  country  north  and 
east  of  that  place,  and  commanded  the  District  of  the  Black  Hills 
until  he  was  relieved  by  Colonel  Merritt.  He  then  served  with 
the  regiment  as  second  in  command  until  the  organization  of  the 
Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  at  Goose  Creek,  Mon.,  on 
the  4th  of  August,  when  he  again  succeeded  to  the  command, 
which  he  retained  until  the  expedition  was  disbanded,  on  the  24th 
of  October,  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.  He  commanded  the  regiment 
in  the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.,  on  the  9th  and  10th  of 
September.  He  was  then  assigned,  with  four  companies,  to  Fort 
McPherson,  where  he  arrived  on  the  7th  of  November  and  had 
station  until  the  summer  of  1879.  He  was  detached,  in  July,  1877, 
to  Chicago,  where  he  commanded  a  battalion  of  cavalry  during 
the  railway  riots.  While  East,  on  a  brief  leave  of  absence,  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  as  a  member  of  a  Retiring  Board  convened  in 
New  York  City,  where  he  served  until  the  fall  of  1879,  when, 
having  been  promoted  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
April  29,  1879,  he  proceeded  to  Arizona  and  assumed  the  com- 
mand of  his  regiment  at  Camp  Lowell  on  the  1st  of  October,  1879, 
and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  field  operations  in  South- 
eastern Arizona,  where  he  was  actively  employed  during  the  year 
1880  against  the  hostile  Apaches  of  South-eastern  Arizona,  Western 
New  Mexico,  and  old  Mexico. 

He  has  since  had  stations  at  Forts  Apache  and  Lowell,  and 
was  conspicuously  presented  to  the  favorable  attention  of  the 
country  by  a  gallant  and  successful  defense  against  the  at- 
tempted massacre  of  his  command  by  the  White  Mountain 
Apaches  at  Cibicu  Creek  in  August,  1881,  because  of  the  arrest 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  2GC 

and  subsequent  killing  of  the  medicine-man  and  prophet  Nockay- 
detklinne,  which  paralyzed  the  hostile  White  Mountain  Apaches. 


10.  Charles  E.  Comptojst  was  born  in  New  Jersey.  He  was 
engaged  in  railway  engineering  in  the  State  of  Iowa  when  the 
government  called  for  volunteers  to  suppress  the  rebellion.  He 
enlisted  for  three  months  in  the  First  Iowa  Infantry  on  the  7th  of 
May,  1861,  and  served  as  a  first  sergeant  until  the  24th  of  May, 
when  he  was  appointed  sergeant-major,  and  served  in  that  grade 
until  he  was  honorably  discharged  on  the  21st  of  August,  1861. 
He  served  in  General  Lyon's  campaign  in  South-western  Missouri, 
was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Dug  Springs,  and  a  few  days  later 
in  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  where  his  regiment,  which  oc- 
cupied a  position  in  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  first  column,  was 
distinguished  for  its  vigor,  coolness,  and  conspicuous  gallantry, 
and  where  he  won  a  special  mention  in  the  official  report  of  the 
lieutenant-colonel  commanding  the  regiment  for  valuable  aid 
and  assistance  on  that  occasion.  He  carried  from  the  field  the  Na- 
tional colors  which  were  displayed  by  his  regiment  during  the 
battle,  delivered  them  to  the  adjutant-general  of  Iowa,  and  received 
from  that  official,  in  the  name  of  the  State,  a  beautiful  silk  flag 
as  a  recognition  of  his  valuable  services  during  the  campaign. 

He  re-entered  the  army  on  the  19th  of  October,  1861,  as  a  cap- 
tain in  the  Eleventh  Iowa  Volunteers,  and  was  actively  employed 
near  Davenport  until  December,  1861,  in  recruiting  and  organizing 
his  company.  He  was  then  transferred  to  Benton  Barracks,  near 
St.  Louis,  whence  he  moved,  in  the  spring  of  1862,  to  Pittsburg 
Landing,  where  his  regiment  formed  a  part  of  the  Iowa  brigade  in 
General  McClernand's  division  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Shiloh.  He  moved  thence  to  Corinth,  where  he  arrived  in  May 
and  remained  until  September,  when  he  marched  with  his  regi- 
ment to  Iuka,  but  arrived  too  late  to  participate  in  the  battle  at 
that  place.  He  returned  to  Corinth  for  the  battle  of  the  3d  of 
October ;  remained  there  until  December,  when  he  was  sent  to 
Holly  Springs,  Miss.,  and  thence  to  Memphis,  Tenn.;  and  in  Janu- 
ary, 1863,  was  ordered  to  Lake  Providence,  La.,  where  he  was  serv- 
ing when  he  was  appointed  major  of  the  Forty-seventh  United 
States  Colored  Troops,  to  date  from  May  5,  1863.     He  continued 


266  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

on  duty  at  that  station  until  February,  1864,  when  he  participated 
in  General  Sherman's  Meridian  campaign,  serving  as  an  aide-de- 
camp for  Brigadier-General  Crocker,  commanding  a  division  in 
the  Seventeenth  Army  Corps.  He  then  proceeded  to  New  York 
City  and  thence  to  Washington,  where  be  was  assigned,  in  May, 
1864,  to  duty  in  the  office  of  tbe  inspector-general  of  the  army, 
and  was  thus  employed  until  September.  He  also  participated  in 
the  defense  of  Washington  during  General  Early's  raid  in  July, 

1864.  He  joined  his  regiment  at  Vicksburg  in  October,  1864,  and 
was  appointed  inspector  of  General  Hawkins'  division  of  United 
States  colored   troops,  and  continued  on   that  duty  until  April, 

1865.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifty-third 
United  States  Colored  Troops,  to  date  from  December  9,  1864; 
accompanied  General  Hawkins'  division,  in  January,  1865,  from 
Vicksburg  to  Algiers  (opposite  New  Orleans),  and  thence  in  Feb- 
ruary to  Pensacola  by  water,  whence  the  division  was  marched 
overland  to  participate  in  the  operations  against  Mobile.  He  was 
engaged  with  the  division  in  the  capture  of  Fort  Blakely,  and 
received  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  March 
2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  campaign 
against  Mobile. 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Compton  was  strongly  urged,  in  May,  1865, 
for  the  colonelcy  of  the  Forty-sixth  United  States  Colored  Troops, 
and  would  have  received  the  appointment  but  for  the  fact  that  the 
regiment  was  reduced  below  the  number  of  men  required  by  law  to 
entitle  it  to  a  colonel.  After  the  fall  of  Mobile  he  returned  to 
special  duty  in  the  office  of  the  inspector-general  of  the  Army, 
where  he  served  until  September,  1865,  when  he  was  appointed  in- 
spector-general of  the  Department  of  the  South,  and  continued  in 
the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  position  until  he  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service  on  the  8th  of  March,  1866. 

Upon  the  increase  of  the  regular  army  he  was  appointed  major 
of  the  Fortieth  Infantry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866.  He  accept- 
ed the  commission  in  September,  and  upon  reporting  at  Camp  Dis- 
tribution, Va.,  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  station  and  to 
duty  connected  with  the  organization  of  his  regiment.  He  em- 
barked, in  February,  1867,  with  six  companies  for  North  Carolina, 
and  while  en  route  the  command  was  shipwrecked  near  Fort 
Fisher,  the  vessel,  government  stores,  and  all  personal  effects  being 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  267 

lost.  ITe  served  at  Forts  Johnson  and  Macon,  and  at  Goldsboro, 
N.  C,  and  was  actively  employed  during  the  reconstruction  period 
and  until  March  15,  18G9,  when,  because  of  the  reduction  of  the 
army,  he  was  transferred  to  the  list  of  unassigued  officers  and 
placed  on  duty  in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  as  assistant  commis- 
sioner for  North  Carolina.  He  continued  in  the  discharge  of  the 
duty  until  May,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Nashville  as  superin- 
tendent of  education  in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  for  Tennessee, 
and  received  the  thanks  of  General  Howard  for  the  promptness, 
fidelity,  and  accuracy  displayed  by  him  in  transacting  and  clos- 
ing the  business  of  the  office. 

He  was  assigned,  on  the  15th  of  December,  1870,  with  his  origi- 
nal rank,  to  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  and  joined  his  regiment,  in  Feb- 
ruary, 1871,  at  Fort  Richardson,  Texas,  where  he  served  until 
March,  1871,  when  he  was  ordered  to  Kansas  and  had  stations  at 
Forts  Hays,  Harker,  and  Dodge  until  August,  1875.  While  en 
route  with  a  small  escort  to  Camp  Supply,  I.  T.,  on  an  inspecting 
tour,  he  was  attacked,  on  the  22d  of  June,  1874,  by  a  party  of 
hostile  Indians  at  Buffalo  Creek,  and,  after  a  running  combat  for 
twelve  miles,  defeated  the  enemy  with  the  loss  of  only  one  man 
wounded  ;  two  days  later,  when  returning  to  his  station,  he  was 
again  attacked  by  hostile  Indians  in  the  Bear  Creek  Hills,  thirty- 
five  miles  south  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  after  a  severe  combat  again 
defeated  them  with  a  loss  of  nearly  all  their  property  and  seven- 
teen warriors  killed  and  wounded.  He  participated  in  Colonel 
Miles'  campaign  of  1874-75,  during  which  he  commanded  a  bat- 
talion of  the  Sixth  Cavalry  and  operated  chiefly  in  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory and  Northern  Texas  from  July,  1874,  to  February,  1875, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  with  the  Kiowas,  Cheyennes,  and 
Comanches  on  Red  River,  Texas,  August  30,  1874,  where  he  was 
distinguished  for  leading  his  battalion  in  a  gallant  and  successful 
charge  against  the  enemy.  He  was  complimented  in  orders  for 
gallantry  on  this  occasion,  and  was  nominated  to  the  United 
States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  August  30, 1874, 
for  zealous  and  valuable  services  during  the  campaign.  These 
operations  ended,  he  resumed  station  at  Fort  Dodge,  where  he 
served  until  his  regiment  was  ordered  to  Arizona.  He  conducted 
the  second  battalion  to  Santa  Fe,  where  the  six  companies  sepa- 
rated for  their  respective  stations,  and  he  proceeded    to  Camp 


268  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Lowell,  where  he  arrived  in  October,  1875.  He  served  at  Camps 
Lowell,  Grant,  and  Apache,  and  commanded  his  regiment  from 
October  16,  1875,  to  March  2,  187G  ;  from  October  9,  1876,  to 
July,  1878  ;  and  from  May  12,  1879,  to  July  6,  1879.  He  had 
charge  of  the  field  operations  in  South-eastern  Arizona  from  April, 
1878,  to  July,  1879,  and  the  ability  with  which  he  conducted  the 
operations,  and  his  quickness,  vigilance,  and  discretion  in  cover- 
ing important  places  with  troops  at  the  right  time,  won  him  a 
conspicuous  and  complimentary  mention  in  the  annual  report  of 
the  department  commander  for  the  year  1879. 

He  was  promoted,  in  July,  1879,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  April  29,  1879,  and,  having  relinquished  his 
command  in  Arizona,  proceeded  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
where  he  arrived  on  the  22d  of  August  and  joined  the  regiment. 
He  served  with  the  troops  which  were  dispatched  under  the 
command  of  Colonel  Merritt  to  the  relief  of  the  besieged  troops  at 
Milk  Creek,  Col.,  participated  in  raising  the  siege  and  skirmish  at 
that  place  on  the  5th  of  October,  and  marched  thence  to  the  Ute 
Agency  on  White  Eiver,  where  he  had  command  of  the  cavalry 
until  [November,  when  he  returned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell.  He 
proceeded,  in  March,  1880,  to  White  Eiver,  and  conducted  the 
cavalry  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.  He  marched  from  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell 
on  the  27th  of  April  with  two  companies  of  the  regiment,  arrived 
at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  on  the  1st  of  May,  and  assumed  the  com- 
mand of  the  post,  which  he  retained  until  January  15,  1S82,  and 
was  employed  on  general  court-martial  duty  at  Salt  Lake,  Fort  D. 
A.  Eussell,  and  Fort  McKinney.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence  until  May  15,  1882,  when  he  rejoined  at  Fort 
Sidney,  where  he  is  now  serving.  When  Colonel  Merritt  was 
appointed  superintendent  of  the  Military  Academy  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Compton  succeeded  to  the  command  of  the  regiment, 
which  he  has  held  since  August  4,  1882. 


MAJOES. 

1.  William  J.  Hardee  was  born  in  Camden  County,  Ga., 
in  November,  1815.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy 
on  the  1st  of  July,  1838,  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  2C9 

(now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a  second  lieutenant  ;  was  promoted,  in 
his  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  December  3,  1839,  and  a  captain 
September  13,  1844.  He  served  in  Florida  until  1840,  when  be 
was  sent  to  Europe  as  a  member  of  a  military  commission  which 
was  specially  charged  with  tbe  duty  of  investigating  the  organiza- 
tion of  European  cavalry  with  the  view  of  utilizing  the  information 
thus  acquired  in  the  United  States  service.  Upon  bis  return  and 
assignment  to  duty  at  Fort  Jesup,  La.,  where  the  beadquarters 
and  five  companies  of  his  regiment  were  stationed,  he  was  placed 
in  charge  of  tbe  tactical  exercises,  and  thus  continued  during  the 
years  1843-45.  He  succeeded  so  well  that  the  precision  and 
compactness  of  the  squadrons  in  the  different  formations  were 
equal  to  the  movements  of  tbe  best  mounted  troops  of  the  coun- 
tries be  had  recently  visited. 

He  served  with  tbe  Army  of  Occupation  in  Texas,  and  there- 
after in  tbe  Mexican  War.  He  was  captured  in  the  skirmish  of 
La  Rosia,  thirty  miles  above  Matamoras,  on  the  25th  of  April, 
1846,  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  until  tbe  11th  of  May.  His 
cool  courage  and  excellent  judgment  as  junior  captain  of  the 
squadron  which  was  engaged  in  tbe  skirmish  enabled  him  to  ex- 
tricate the  men  who  were  under  his  immediate  command  from  an 
ambuscade  into  which  they  had  fallen.  He  rescued  them  from  an 
impending  massacre,  and  secured  an  honorable  surrender  as  pris- 
oners of  war.  He  was  engaged  in  tbe  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  tbe 
battles  of  Contreras  and  Molino  del  Key,  and  in  tbe  capture  of  the 
city  of  Mexico,  and  was  complimented  in  official  reports  for  gallant 
conduct  at  Molino  del  Rey,  and  for  his  success  in  maintaining 
order  during  the  rapid  evolutions  which  it  was  necessary  for  his 
squadron  to  make  on  the  field.  In  addition  to  these  general 
engagements  he  participated  in  tbe  skirmish  at  Medelin,  a  few 
miles  soutb  of  Vera  Cruz,  where  two  tbousand  Mexicans,  supported 
by  artillery,  were  stationed.  "When  tbe  skirmish  began  he  was 
disembarking  his  horses,  and  without  waiting  for  orders  hastened 
with  forty  dismounted  men  to  the  scene  of  action,  and  won  a 
special  mention  in  tbe  report  of  Colonel  Harney  for  effective 
service  on  that  occasion.  He  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  of  La 
Hoya,  and  later  in  the  affair  at  San  Augustine,  where,  while 
watching  the  enemy,  be  defeated  a  large  force  of  guerrillas  with 
considerable  loss  and  captured  a  number  of  their  horses,  arms, 


270  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  accoutrements,  and  again  won  a  complimentary  mention  from 
Colonel  Harney.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March 
25,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in  the  affair  at 
Medelin,  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  August  20, 
1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in  the  affair  with  the 
enemy  at  San  Augustine.  Upon  his  return  from  Mexico  he  was 
assigned  to  recruiting  service  at  Carlisle  until  1849,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  Texas  and  served  at  Forts  Inge  and  Graham  until  1853, 
except  a  brief  tour  of  duty  in  Florida,  where  he  was  employed  in 
paying  troops.  He  was  then  selected  by  the  Secretary  of  "War, 
because  of  his  professional  accomplishments,  to  compile  a  system 
of  "  Rifle  and  Light  Infantry  Tactics,"  being  chiefly  a  translation 
from  the  French  by  Lieutenant  Benet,  of  the  Ordnance  Corps, 
which,  as  subsequently  modified  by  a  board  of  army  officers,  was 
adopted  on  the  29th  of  March,  1855,  for  the  use  of  the  army  and 
militia  of  the  United  States.  He  was  superintending  the  publica- 
tion of  the  work  at  Philadelphia  when  he  was  appointed  senior 
major  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March 
3,  1855. 

Major  Hardee  served  as  a  member  of  the  Cavalry  Equipment 
Board  which  was  convened  at  Washington  in  July,  1855,  and 
joined  the  regiment  at  Jefferson  Barracks  in  September  and 
marched  to  Fort  Belknap,  Texas,  where  he  arrived  on  the  27th  of 
December.  He  was  then  assigned  with  two  squadrons  to  the 
Comanche  Reservation  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  3d  of  January,  1856,  and  established  Camp  Cooper. 
He  was  transferred  in  April  to  Fort  Mason,  where  he  served  until 
the  latter  part  of  June,  when,  having  been  appointed  commandant 
of  the  corps  of  cadets  (with  the  local  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel), 
at  the  Military  Academy,  he  proceeded  to  West  Point  and  assumed 
the  duties  of  the  office  on  the  22d  of  July,  1856,  and  occupied  the 
position  until  the  8th  of  September,  1860.  He  was  promoted 
lieutenant-colonel  of  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry  June  28, 
1860,  and  was  in  Georgia  on  a  leave  of  absence  when  that  State 
passed  the  ordinance  of  secession,  and,  being  committed  to  the 
fallacy  of  State  allegiance,  he  resigned  his  commission,  to  date 
from  January  31,  1861,  and  joined  the  rebellion  against  the  United 
States. 

He  declined  the  position  of  adjutant-general  of  the  Confederate 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  271 

army,  preferring  field-service  to  the  care  of  an  administrative 
bureau.  He  was  first  assigned,  as  a  colonel,  to  the  command  of 
.Fort  Morgan,  at  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay,  and.  having  been 
appointed  in  June,  1861,  a  brigadier-general  of  the  Provisional 
Army,  was  sent  to  Eastern  Arkansas,  where  the  lack  of  co-opera- 
tion among  his  coadjutors  prevented  him  from  achieving  any 
success.  He  was  then  transferred  with  his  troops  to  Bowling 
Green,  and  thereafter  served  principally  with  the  Army  of  the 
West,  which  was  also  known  as  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi  and 
as  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.  He  was  the  trusted  lieutenant 
of  General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston  in  Kentucky  and  was  a  division 
commander  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  where  he  commanded  the  first 
line  of  attack  and  was  slightly  wounded.  He  was  appointed  a 
major-general  for  bravery  on  that  field,  and  for  services  at  Perry- 
ville  on  the  8th  of  October,  1862,  was  promoted  a  lieutenant- 
general. 

General  Hardee  began  the  battle  of  Stone  Kiver  on  the  31st  of 
December,  1862,  where  he  commanded  the  left  wing  of  General 
Bragg's  army,  and  met  with  a  temporary  success  ;  but,  failing  to 
receive  sufficient  reinforcements,  was  compelled  to  retire  with 
heavy  loss.  He  was  specially  commended  by  General  Bragg  for 
the  skill,  valor,  and  ability  displayed  by  him  during  the  battle. 
He  was  stationed  at  Tullahoma  during  the  winter  and  spring  of 
1863,  where  he  drilled  and  inspected  the  regiments  under  his 
command.  He  was  the  only  lieutenant-general  in  the  Confederate 
army  who  personally  inspected  the  arms  and  accoutrements  of 
each  soldier  in  his  corps. 

After  the  fall  of  Vicksburg  General  Hardee  was  ordered  to 
Mississippi,  where  he  served  without  any  important  command 
until  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  when  he  was  returned  to 
the  Army  of  the  West.  He  commanded  the  right  wing  of  the 
Confederate  army  at  the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge,  which  was 
fought  against  his  advice,  and  here  he  was  conspicuous  for  the 
tenacity  with  which  he  held  his  position  until  he  was  outflanked. 
He  then  withdrew  his  troops  in  excellent  order  and  covered  the 
retreat  of  the  main  army.  When  the  National  army  captured 
Lookout  Mountain  he  urged  the  immediate  withdrawal  of  the 
Confederate  forces  from  Missionary  Ridge,  but  was  overruled  by 
Generals   Bragg  and   Breckenridge,    and   in   the   disaster  which 


272 ]  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

followed  he  was  the  most  efficient  general  the  enemy  had  on  that 
field.  He  relieved  General  Bragg  from  the  command  of  the  army 
at  Dalton,  Ga.,  but  refused  to  retain  the  command  and  urged 
General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  for  the  position.  During  the  cam- 
paign which  culminated  at  Atlanta  he  performed  conspicuous 
services  as  a  corps  commander,  and  the  ability  with  which  he 
manoeuvred  his  troops  near  Cassville  on  the  19th  of  May,  so  as 
to  gain  time  for  the  formation  of  the  main  army  on  the  ridge 
behind  the  town,  and  his  masterly  retreat  in  echelon  of  divisions, 
so  won  the  admiration  of  General  Thomas  that  he  mentioned  both 
movements  in  highly  complimentary  terms.  General  Hardee  also 
made  desperate  but  fruitless  assaults  on  the  National  lines  at 
Jonesboro  on  the  31st  of  August. 

When  General  Joseph  E.  Johnston  was  relieved  from  the  com- 
mand of  the  army  in  July,  1864,  General  Hardee,  feeling  himself 
aggrieved,  and  because  of  differences  between  himself  and  General 
Hood,  asked  to  be  relieved  from  duty  with  the  army,  and  in  the 
event  of  a  refusal  tendered  his  resignation.  He  was  passed  over 
in  considering  General  Johnston's  successor  because  he  had  pre- 
viously declined  the  position,  and  not  from  lack  of  appreciation. 
The  Confederate  government  appealed  to  him  not  to  discourage 
the  army  by  withdrawing  from  it  at  so  critical  a  time.  He  yielded 
to  the  appeal  and  continued  to  serve  under  his  junior  in  rank  until 
September,  when  he  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  because  of 
the  irreconcilable  differences  between  himself  and  General  Hood. 

General  Hardee  was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  depart- 
ment embracing  the  States  of  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  and  Florida. 
He  refused  to  surrender  Savannah,  while  at  the  same  time  he  was 
preparing  to  evacuate  the  city,  which  he  did  on  the  18th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1864,  having  first  destroyed  all  the  munitions  of  war  which 
he  could  not  take  with  him.  He  was  at  Charleston  a  month 
later,  telegraphing  that  the  city  must  be  abandoned  unless  large 
reinforcements  were  immediately  sent  there.  His  judgment  was 
soon  confirmed,  and  he  was  then  sent  to  North  Carolina  to  co- 
operate with  General  Johnston,  and  was  successful  in  the  battle  of 
Averysboro  on  the  16th  of  March,  1865,  and  a  few  days  later  he 
displayed  great  personal  courage  at  Bentonville  in  leading  against 
the  National  breastworks  the  last  charge  made  by  the  remnant  of 
the  Army  of  the  Tennessee.     He  surrendered  with  General  John- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  273 

stem's  army  in  North  Carolina  on  the  27th  of  April,  1865,  and 
returned  to  his  adopted  home  in  Selma,  Ala.,  where  he  lived  in 
quiet  retirement,  accepting  in  good  faith  the  results  of  the  war 
and  industriously  applying  himself  to  civil  pursuits. 

General  Hardee  was  one  of  the  best  corps  commanders  in  the 
Confederate  army.  General  Johnston  said  that  he  was  more  capa- 
ble of  commanding  twenty  thousand  men  in  battle  than  any  other 
Confederate  general,  and  in  his  narrative  of  military  operations  he 
refers  to  the  "skill  and  vigor  that  Hardee  never  failed  to  exhibit  in 
battle"  ;  General  Sherman  in  his  "  Memoirs"  pronounces  him  "  a 
competent  soldier."  His  service  in  the  Confederate  army  embraced 
every  command  from  a  brigade  to  a  department.  He  always  con- 
ducted military  operations  in  strict  accordance  with  the  rules  of 
civilized  warfare.  He  gave  to  the  cause  he  espoused  a  fruitful 
experience  and  a  name  well  known  in  military  circles,  and  the 
records  of  the  Confederate  Army  of  the  Tennessee  bear  con- 
spicuous witness  to  his  services.  His  character  as  an  officer  was 
such  as  to  make  him  strong  friends  and  earnest  opponents.  He 
was  an  accomplished  soldier,  stern  and  exacting  as  a  disciplinarian 
— so  much  so  that  many  considered  him  a  martinet — but  he 
thoroughly  understood  his  profession,  and  possessed  the  rare 
ability  of  estimating  military  operations  at  their  true  value.  He 
was  both  a  teacher  and  an  organizer,  inspired  his  men  with  con- 
fidence, and  was  conspicuously  cool,  courageous,  and  calculating 
on  the  field  of  battle.  He  won  the  sobriquet  of  "  Old  Reliable," 
and  was  esteemed  among  the  lieutenant-generals  as  second  only  to 
"  Stonewall "  Jackson. 

General  Hardee  was  a  man  of  less  stability  of  character  than 
Albert  S.  Johnston  or  Robert  E.  Lee,  but  he  was  better  fitted  than 
either  to  "set-up"  a  regiment  or  a  large  command.  He  was  a 
man  of  affairs,  of  talent  and  industry,  and  temperate  in  his  habits. 
There  were  old  officers  who  considered  him  over-ambitious,  but 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion  quite  clearly  proved  that  he  did  not 
value  himself  more  highly  than  he  was  valued  by  others,  and 
the  fact  that  he  declined  the  permanent  command  of  the  Army 
of  the  Tennessee  in  favor  of  General  Johnston  indicates  an  absence 
of  selfish  ambition. 

Before  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  he  occupied  responsible  posi- 
tions and  faithfully  discharged  important  trusts.     He  is  remem- 
18 


274  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

bered  by  those  who  visited  the  Military  Academy  during  the 
years  1856-60  for  his  soldierly  bearing  and  pleasing  address, 
which  did  much  to  relieve  the  natural  harshness  of  his  features 
when  in  repose.  He  was  eminently  a  social  man  and  very  fond  of 
society. 

General  Hardee  died  on  the  6fch  of  November,  1873,  in  Wythe- 
ville,  Va.  His  remains  were  removed  to  Selma,  Ala.,  where  they 
were  met  at  the  railway  station  by  a  great  concourse  of  citizens  and 
escorted  to  his  late  residence.  All  business  was  suspended  and  the 
people  united  in  honoring  the  dead  soldier.  The  funeral  services 
took  place  at  three  o'clock  p.m.  on  the  8th  of  November,  when  an- 
other procession  escorted  the  body  to  the  church.  The  bells  of  the 
city  were  tolled  during  the  day,  and  the  funeral  procession  was  the 
largest  ever  assembled  in  Alabama.  When  his  death  was  announced 
many  old  officers,  who  retained  a  recollection  of  his  services  before 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion  separated  them  from  him,  joined  in  tributes 
to  his  memory  as  an  earnest  friend,  a  genial  companion,  and  a 
brave  soldier. 


4.  Earl  Van  Dorn  was  born  at  Port  Gibson,  Miss.,  in 
1821.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st 
of  July,  1842,  and  assigned  to  the  Seventh  Infantry  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant.  He  was  appointed,  in  that  regiment,  a  second 
lieutenant  November  30,  1844,  and  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
March  3,  1847.  He  served  at  Fort  Pike,  La.,  Fort  Morgan  and 
Mount  Vernon,  Ala.,  and  Pensacola  Harbor,  Fla.,  until  1845.  He 
then  served  with  the  Army  of  Occupation  in  Texas,  and  thereafter 
in  the  war  with  Mexico,  being  engaged  in  the  defense  of  Fort 
Brown ;  the  battles  of  Monterey,  Cerro  Gordo,  Contreras,  and 
Churubusco  ;  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  the  storming  of  Chapultepec 
(distinguished),  and  in  the  assault  upon,  and  capture  of,  the  city 
of  Mexico,  where  he  was  wounded  on  entering  the  Belen  Gate.  He 
served  as  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brevet  Major-General  P.  F.  Smith 
from  April  3,  1847,  to  May  20,  1848.  He  was  made  a  brevet 
captain,  to  date  from  April  18,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date 
from  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the 
battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco.     He  served,  after  the  Mexi- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  275 

can  War,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La.,  Jefferson  Barracks,  and  as  depot 
commissary  at  Pilatka,  Fla.,  during  the  operations  against  the 
Seminole  Indians  from  September  25,  1849,  to  February  6,  1850. 
He  was  then  assigned  to  recruiting  service  at  Newport  Barracks, 
where  he  served  until  he  was  appointed  secretary  of  the  East 
Pascagoula  Branch  Military  Asylum,  Miss.  He  was  serving  in 
that  position  when  he  was  appointed,  in  May,  1855,  the  senior 
captain  of  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3, 
1855.  He  Avas  then  assigned  to  regimental  recruiting  service  at 
Mobile,  Ala.,  and  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks  July 
22,  1855,  where  he  served  until  the  27th  of  October,  when  he 
marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas  and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper 
January  3,  1856,  and  subsequently  served  at  Camps  Colorado  and 
Radziminski  and  Forts  Chadbourne  and  Mason.  He  accompanied 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Lee  in  an  expedition  against  the  Comanches  in 
June  and  July,  1856,  and  on  the  1st  of  July  surprised  a  party  of 
hostile  Indians  on  the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado 
rivers  and  routed  them,  killing  and  wounding  several  warriors 
and  destroying  their  property. 

He  commanded  the  Wichita  expedition  from  September,  1858, 
to  January,  1859,  and  fought  the  enemy  at  Wichita  Village  on  the  1st 
of  October,  where  he  won  a  complete  and  overwhelming  victory  and 
received  two  wounds,  one  of  which  was  considered  very  dangerous, 
but  so  great  was  his  vitality  that  within  five  weeks  he  was  again  in 
the  saddle.  He  also  distinguished  himself  in  command  of  troops  in 
a  brilliant  action  on  a  tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkin- 
son, May  13,  1859,  where  he  won  another  complete  victory  over  the 
savages.  These  combats  are  among  the  most  conspicuous  in  the 
annals  of  Indian  warfare  on  the  Texas  border,  and  were  announced 
in  orders  as  decisive  and  important  victories.  He  was  complimented 
in  orders  from  the  department  headquarters,  and  mentioned  in 
terms  of  praise  from  the  headquarters  of  the  army.  He  enjoyed 
at  that  time  greater  distinction  than  any  other  mounted  officer  of 
his  grade  in  the  service.  He  was  one  of  the  most  daring  men  in 
the  army.  His  courage  was  excessive  and  he  seemed  to  court 
danger  for  the  excitement  it  afforded.  His  small,  lithe  figure  was 
an  embodiment  of  activity,  and  he  was  in  his  best  element  as  a 
cavalry  officer. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  June 


276  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

28,  1860,  and  relinquished  the  command  of  his  company  at  Fort 
Mason  on  the  4th  of  September.  He  commanded  the  regiment  at 
Fort  Mason  from  the  12th  of  November  to  the  24th  of  December, 
1860,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  did  not 
again  join.  He  was  known  in  the  army  as  an  ardent  advocate  of 
the  right  of  secession,  and  he  was  unusually  active  in  promoting 
the  interests  of  the  Eebellion  at  a  time  when  many  officers  of 
Southern  birth  were  distracted  with  conflicting  opinions  whether 
secession  was  justifiable  under  any  circumstances. 

He  tendered  his  resignation,  to  take  effect  January  31,  1861, 
and  entered  the  service  of  Texas  as  a  colonel  of  State  troops,  and 
while  serving  in  that  capacity  organized  a  force  of  volunteers,  and 
on  April  20,  1861,  captured  the  steamer  Star  of  the  West  (with  the 
troops  on  board)  at  Indianola,  and  four  days  later  he  received,  at 
the  head  of  eight  hundred  men,  the  surrender  of  seven  companies 
of  infantry  at  Saluria,  and  on  the  9th  of  May  the  surrender  of 
six  companies  of  infantry.  These  successes  secured  him  quite  a 
reputation,  and  when  he  offered  his  services  at  Kichmond  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier- general  in  the  Provisional  Army,  and  after 
serving  for  a  brief  period  in  Virginia,  exercising  a  temporary  com- 
mand in  Beauregard's  army  after  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  he  was 
promoted  (in  August,  1861)  a  major-general  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Trans- Mississippi  Department.  He  commanded 
the  Confederate  troops  at  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  where  he  was 
defeated  and  relieved  from  command.  He  then  operated  in  con- 
nection with  General  Johnston,  commanded  the  Department  of 
Louisiana,  and  defended  Vicksburg  in  June  and  July,  1862.  When 
General  Bragg  began  his  campaign  in  Kentucky  in  1862  General 
Van  Dorn  was  charged  with  the  conduct  of  operations  in  West 
Tennessee,  but  was  again  relieved  from  command  after  his  defeat 
at  the  battle  of  Corinth.  His  punishment  for  this  defeat  was  a 
severe  one  and  he  was  justly  censured  for  the  utter  desperateness  of 
his  undertaking  and  for  his  failure  to  provide  proper  combinations 
in  the  attack.  He  only  succeeded  in  creating  a  bloody  field  and 
meeting  a  disastrous  repulse.  He  performed  several  exploits  with 
a  small  command  of  cavalry  during  the  following  winter  ;  the  most 
notable  was  the  destruction  of  the  National  supplies  at  Holly 
Springs,  Miss.,  but  on  the  10th  of  April,  1863,  he  was  again  de- 
feated at  Franklin,  Tenn.     He  was  then  assigned  to  an  unimportant 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  277 

command  in  Tennessee,  and  while  stationed  in  Maury  County  was 
killed  by  a  Dr.  Peters  on  the  8th  of  May,  1863.  The  common 
report  is  that  Dr.  Peters  visited  General  Van  Dorn's  quarters  and 
requested  a  pass  to  go  through  the  lines,  and  as  he  completed  his 
signature  to  the  paper,  the  doctor  placed  a  pistol  at  his  head  and 
instantly  killed  him.  Then,  taking  the  pass,  he  walked  outside, 
mounted  his  horse,  escaped  to  the  National  lines,  and  was  never 
brought  to  trial. 

General  Van  Dorn's  career  was  thus  abruptly  closed  at  the  early 
age  of  forty-two  years.  His  service  in  the  United  States  army 
was  brilliant  and  valuable,  but  his  career  in  the  Confederate  army 
was  not  well  sustained.  While  there  were  brilliant  dashes,  in- 
evitable results  of  his  courage  and  activity  (such  as  his  success  in 
withdrawing  his  army  after  his  defeat  at  Corinth,  when  Rosecrans 
was  attacking  his  rear  and  Ord  was  on  his  flank),  he  was  not  a 
successful  general.  But  he  was  a  good  cavalry  officer,  capable  of 
accomplishing  valuable  results  under  the  direction  of  others,  lack- 
ing, however,  in  the  essentials  necessary  to  successfully  manoeuvre 
large  bodies  of  troops. 


5.  Edmund  K.  Smith  was  born  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.  His 
father  (Joseph  Lee),  of  Litchfield,  Conn.,  was  lieutenant-colonel, 
in  1812,  of  the  Twenty-fourth  Infantry,  and  was  subsequently  the 
first  United  States  judge  for  the  Eastern  District  of  Florida. 
His  brother  (Ephraim  K.),  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  Infantry,  was 
mortally  wounded  at  Molino  del  Key  while  leading  the  Light 
Infantry  Battalion  to  the  assault  of  a  battery. 

He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of 
July,  1845,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Infantry  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant.  He  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sev- 
enth Infantry  August  22,  1846,  and  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
March  9,  1851.  He  served  with  the  Army  of  Occupation  in 
Texas,  and  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of 
Palo  Alto,  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  Cerro  Gordo,  Contreras,  Churu- 
busco,  and  Molino  del  Rey,  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  the  storming 
of  Chapultepec,  and  the  assault  upon,  and  capture  of,  the  city 
of  Mexico  ;  and  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
April  18,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  bat- 


278  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

tie  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  August 
20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Contreras. 

After  the  Mexican  War  he  served  at  Jefferson  Barracks  until 
October,  1849,  when  he  was  assigned  to  West  Point  as  an  assistant 
professor  of  mathematics,  where  he  served  until  November,  1852. 
He  was  then  ordered  to  Texas,  and  had  stations  at  Ringgold 
Barracks,  Forts  Brown  and  Bliss,  and  was  commanding  the  escort 
attached  to  the  United  States  Boundary  Commission  when  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855. 

He  joined  at  Jefferson  Barracks  in  October,  1855,  and  marched 
with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January 
14,  1856,  where  he  served  until  March,  1857,  when  he  chauged 
station  to  Fort  Inge,  and  commanded  the  post  until  March,  1858. 
He  participated  in  the  expedition  towards  the  head-waters  of  the 
Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers  in  June  and  July,  1856.  He  was  on 
a  leave  of  absence  from  March,  1858,  to  April,  1859,  when  he 
rejoined  his  company  at  Camp  Radziminski,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  brilliant  combat  on  a  tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort 
Atkinson,  May  13,  1859,  where  he  was  severely  wounded.  He 
received  a  conspicuous  mention  in  the  official  report  for  gallantry 
in  the  combat,  and  was  complimented  in  orders  from  the  head- 
quarters of  the  army.  He  served  thereafter  at  Camps  Cooper  and 
Colorado  until  March  20,  1861,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave 
of  absence  and  did  not  again  join.  He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the 
regiment  to  date  from  January  31, 1861;  but  when  Florida  passed  the 
ordinance  of  secession  he  resigned  his  commission,  to  date  from 
April  6,  1861,  and  offered  his  services  to  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
He  Avas  appointed  a  colonel  and  assigned  to  the  Army  of  the 
Shenandoah  as  an  acting  adjutant-general  for  General  Joseph  E. 
Johnston.  He  continued  on  that  duty  until  about  the  middle  of 
July,  when  he  was  promoted  a  brigadier-general  and  placed  in 
command  of  a  brigade  in  the  same  army.  He  was  conspicuous 
at  Bull  Run  in  bringing  up  the  fresh  brigade  whose  timely  arrival 
in  rear  of  McDowell's  right  flank,  when  the  Confederate  left  wing 
was  sorely  pressed,  decided  the  battle  against  the  National  troops. 
While  in  the  act  of  extending  his  line  for  the  purpose  of  turn- 
ing the  National  right  flank,  and  before  the  formation  was  com- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  279 

pleted,  he  was  shot  from  his  horse  and  compelled  to  relinquish 
the  command.  His  wound  was  so  severe  that  it  was  not  until 
the  following  November  that  he  was  able  to  again  take  the  field, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  reserve  of  General 
Johnston's  army.  He  was  promoted  about  this  time  a  major- 
general,  and  when  the  Department  of  East  Tennessee  was  created, 
after  the  fall  of  Fort  Douelson,  he  was  selected  to  command  it ; 
and  about  the  middle  of  August,  1862,  he  led  the  advance  of 
Bragg's  army  into  Kentucky,  and  two  weeks  later  defeated  the 
National  forces  at  Richmond.  He  then  pushed  towards  the  Ohio 
River  in  the  direction  of  Cincinnati,  which  he  threatened,  thus 
forcing  a  concentration  of  National  troops  at  that  place  and 
clearing  the  way  for  the  advance  of  the  main  army,  which  finally 
arrived  at  Frankfort  late  in  September,  where  was  terminated  the 
campaign,  so  far  as  offensive  movements  were  concerned.  The 
Confederate  forces  finally  abandoned  the  State,  and  General  Smith 
retreated  with  the  army  through  Cumberland  Gap.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  lieutenant-general  in  October,  1862,  and  participated,  in 
the  battle  of  Stone  River.  In  the  following  March  he  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  command  of  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department, 
which  included  the  Southern  States  and  Territories  west  of  the 
Mississippi  River.  He  assumed  the  command  in  April,  with  his 
headquarters  at  Alexandria,  La.,  and  directed  the  movements  of 
the  Confederate  forces  in  the  field  during  the  Red  River  campaign, 
and  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Pleasant  Hill. 

He  became  conspicuous  by  refusing  to  surrender  his  army  after 
the  surrender  at  Appomattox,  hoping  that  the  Confederate  officials 
would  find  a  refuge  in  his  department  and  be  enabled  to  continue 
the  struggle.  He  addressed  a  circular  letter  to  the  governors  of 
Texas,  Arkansas,  Missouri,  and  Louisiana,  in  which  he  urged  a 
united  policy  for  the  purpose  of  maintaining  the  Confederate 
cause.  Public  opinion  began  to  run  strongly  against  him.  Many 
of  his  men  deserted  ;  others  broke  loose  from  discipline  and  plun- 
dered the  government  stores  and  stations,  and  at  one  time  it  was 
feared  that  his  life  was  in  danger  at  the  hands  of  the  soldiers. 
The  governor  of  Louisiana  finally  proposed,  acting  for  himself  and 
the  governors  of  the  other  States,  to  proceed  to  Washington  and 
surrender  the  department,  if  General  Smith  persisted  in  his  refusal 
to  do  so. 


280  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

He  was  finally  convinced  that  he  could  no  longer  contend 
against  the  irresistible  logic  of  events,  and  he  surrendered  his 
army  to  General  Canby,  at  Baton  Kouge,  on  the  26th  of  May, 
1865,  and  advised  his  troops,  in  a  farewell  order,  to  return  to 
their  families  and  resume  the  occupations  of  peace,  to  yield  a 
cheerful  obedience  to  the  laws,  and  to  strive  by  counsel  and  ex- 
ample to  give  safety  to  life  and  security  to  property. 

He  was  an  excellent  soldier,  a  man  of  personal  courage,  high 
character,  amiable  disposition,  and  the  soul  of  honor  in  his 
intercourse  with  others.  He  was  elected  in  1875  professor  of 
mathematics  in  the  University  of  the  South  at  Sewanee,  Tenn., 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  until  he  was  elected 
president  of  the  University,  which  position  he  now  occupies  with 
honor  to  himself  and  the  faculty  he  represents. 


6.  James  Oakes  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1846,  and  assigned 
to  the  Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant 
July  29,  1847,  and  a  first  lieutenant  June  30,  1851.  He  served  in 
the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  engaged  in  the  Chihuahua  expedi- 
tion, the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  the  skirmish  at  Medelin,  the  battles 
of  Cerro  Gordo,  Contreras,  Churubusco,  Molino  del  Rey,  and 
the  operations  before,  and  capture  of,  the  city  of  Mexico.  The 
skirmish  at  Medelin  was  ended  by  the  Second  Dragoons,  under 
Major  Sumner,  charging  the  stone  bridge  in  column  of  fours. 
The  leading  four  consisted  of  Sumner,  Adjutant  Neill,  Regimen- 
tal Quartermaster  Lowry,  and  Oakes.  The  Mexican  force  was 
followed  several  miles  on  a  road  which  was  lined  with  fences, 
woods,  and  undergrowth.  Lieutenant  Oakes,  accompanied  by 
Sergeant  Lentz  and  Private  Keith,  getting  ahead  of  the  column 
came  on  the  rear  of  the  retreating  enemy,  when  about  thirty  took 
a  road  to  the  right,  while  the  main  body  continued  on  the  direct 
road.  He  followed  the  detachment  until  he  had  sabred  and  dis- 
mounted nearly  all  of  them,  when  he  returned  to  his  command 
in  the  town  of  Medelin,  and  was  then  sent  back  to  the  camp  near 
Vera  Cruz  for  medical    assistance.      He  served   on   the   staff   of 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  281 

Colonel  Harney  at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  and  was  specially 
mentioned  for  distinguished  services  and  gallantry,  and  was  com- 
mended in  the  highest  terms  by  Major  Sumner  for  efficiency  at 
Molino  del  Eey.  He  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date 
from  March  25,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in  the 
affair  at  Medelin,  and  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  September  8, 
1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Molino 
del  Key. 

He  was  acting  adjutant  of  the  Second  Dragoons  from  April  to 
November,  1847,  when  he  was  appointed  regimental  quartermaster, 
and  served  in  that  position  until  August  15,  1849. 

After  the  Mexican  War  he  was  ordered  to  Texas,  where  he 
served  until  June,  1853,  and  had  stations  at  Austin,  and  at 
Forts  Graham,  Lincoln,  Mason,  and  Terrett.  He  was  engaged 
in  two  combats  with  the  Comanches  between  the  Nueces  and 
Rio  Grande  on  the  11th  of  July  and  12th  of  August,  1850,  and 
in  the  latter  was  twice  severely  wounded,  and  he  now  suffers 
from  the  effects  of  one  of  the  wounds.  He  was  employed  on  the 
Coast  Survey  from  September  29,  1853,  to  April  4,  1854,  and  was 
on  cavalry  recruiting  service  at  Jefferson  Barracks  when  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  3,  1855. 

He  recruited  his  company  at  Pittsburg,  and  joined  at  Jefferson 
Barracks  on  the  24th  of  August  and  marched  with  the  regiment  to 
Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  on  the  14th  of  January,  1856, 
and  was  actively  employed  in  the  field  during  the  following  spring 
and  summer.  He  overtook  a  party  of  Waco  Indians  on  the  22d 
of  February  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Nueces,  and  severely, 
punished  them.  He  routed  a  party  of  Comanches  on  the  1st  of 
May  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Concho,  and  on  the  30th  of 
August  had  three  engagements  with  hostile  Indians  near  the 
junction  of  the  Pecos  and  the  Rio  Grande,  in  which  he  killed 
and  wounded  some  and  compelled  the  others  to  seek  safety  in 
Mexico.  He  was  commended  in  orders  from  the  headquarters  of 
the  army  for  success  and  gallantry  in  these  affairs.  He  changed 
station  to  Fort  Clark  in  August,  1850,  and  commanded  the  post 
until  May,  1858,  when  he  moved  with  his  company  to  Fort  Bel- 
knap, where  the  regiment  was  ordered  to  concentrate  for  the  march 
to  Utah  ;  but  the  order  was  countermanded,  and  he  returned  to  Fort 


282  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Clark  and  served  there  until  December,  1858,  when  the  condition 
of  his  wounds  compelled  him  to  accept  a  sick-leave  of  absence. 
He  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Inge  in  February,  1860,  where  he 
was  serving  when  the  secession  movement  was  inaugurated.  He 
was  a  man  of  energy  and  determined  purpose,  and  when  he  received 
Twiggs's  "  Order  of  Exercises,"  which  required  him  to  surrender 
the  government  property  to  the  State  commissioners  and  march 
his  company  to  Indianola  and  there  embark  for  New  York,  he 
dispatched  couriers  to  Fort  Duncan,  Fort  Clark,  and  Camp  Wood, 
and  urged  a  united  action  for  the  purpose  of  moving  northward, 
out  of  the  State,  in  defiance  of  the  order,  and  requested  that 
officers  might  be  sent  to  Fort  Inge  to  discuss  the  proposition  and 
adopt  a  plan  of  action.  Unfortunately  for  his  plans,  Captain 
French  had  abandoned  Fort  Duncan  and  started  for  the  mouth  of 
the  Rio  Grande  before  the  courier  arrived  there.  An  answer  was 
returned  from  Fort  Clark  that  it  was  impossible  to  move  the  four 
companies  of  infantry  as  proposed,  because  they  had  no  transporta- 
tion. Lieutenant  Hood  was  sent  from  Camp  Wood  to  make  the 
necessary  arrangements,  but  when  he  announced  his  purpose  to 
resign  if  Kentucky  should  secede  Captain  Oakes  said  that  it  was 
useless  for  himself  to  undertake  the  movement  alone,  as  he  had 
only  seven  days'  rations  and  some  of  tbe  posts  farther  north  were 
already  in  the  possession  of  the  State  troops,  having  been  surren- 
dered before  he  received  the  order  of  exercises.  He  accordingly 
started  from  Fort  Inge  on  the  19th  of  March,  1861,  and  marched 
his  command  to  Green  Lake,  where  he  was  again  compelled  to 
avail  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence.  He  then  returned  to  San 
Antonio  to  await  the  arrival  of  the  last  troops  before  leaving  the 
State,  and  while  there  learned  that  it  was  intended  to  capture 
the  infantry  under  the  command  of  Colonel  Reeve,  in  violation  of 
the  agreement  made  with  the  insurgents. 

Although  in  feeble  health,  he  volunteered  to  take  his  old  guide 
and  travel  across  the  country  until  he  met  Colonel  Reeve  beyond 
Fort  Clark  and  turn  him  back,  to  leave  the  State  by  the  way  of  the 
El  Paso  and  Santa  Fe  roads.  But  the  department  commander, 
relying  upon  the  good  faith  of  the  insurgents,  and  perhaps  afraid 
to  trust  any  person  because  so  many  were  deceiving  him,  declined 
the  offer,  and  the  result  was  that  the  entire  command  was  captured 
and  paroled,  and,  five  days  after  making  this  offer,  the  department 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  283 

commander  and  all  his  staff  were  in  the  power  of  the  insurgents. 
Ee  whs  then  entrusted  with  dispatches,  and  made  his  way  out  of 
the  State  by  the  way  of  Austin,  Brenham,  and  Galveston,  and 
escaped  capture. 

lie  received  a  vote  of  thanks,  enrolled  on  parchment,  from  the 
Secession  Convention  for  sending  an  expedition  against  hostile 
Indians  (under  Lieutenant  Arnold)  after  the  State  had  seceded, 
which  resulted  in  driving  them  across  the  Rio  Grande;  and  it  may 
be  added  that  for  performing  this  service  he  was  reprimanded  by 
the  department  commander. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  regiment  April  6,  1861,  and 
a  few  weeks  later  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
to  date  from  May  17,  1861,  which  he  declined  on  account  of  ill- 
health  caused  by  wounds  received  in  action,  being  unwilling  to 
draw  the  pay  when  he  could  not  perform  the  duties  of  the  grade. 
He  relinquished  his  sick-leave  in  May  and  proceeded  to  Wheeling, 
Va.,  where  he  served  on  mustering  duty  until  September,  when 
he  rejoined  and  commanded  the  regiment  at  Washington  until 
January  14,  1862.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Fourth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  November  12,  1861,  and  joined  his 
regiment — then  serving  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio — and  com- 
manded it  during  the  Tennessee  and  Mississippi  campaign,  and 
participated  in  the  movement  on  Nashville,  the  march  to  Pittsburg 
Landing,  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  and  the  advance  on,  and  siege  of, 
Corinth.  He  was  transferred  with  his  regiment  in  September,  1862, 
to  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
Corinth.  He  was  then  assigned  to  mustering  and  disbursing  duty 
at  Jackson,  Mich.,  where  he  served  until  April  29,  1863,  when  he 
was  appointed  assistant  provost-marshal-general  for  Illinois,  and 
was  stationed  at  Springfield  until  September,  1866.  He  was,  at 
the  same  time,  mustering  and  disbursing  officer  and  superintendent 
of  the  volunteer  recruiting  service  for  the  State,  and  also  com- 
manded the  District  of  Illinois  from  September,  1865,  to  August, 
1866.  He  was  made  a  brevet  colonel  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general, 
to  date  from  March  30,  1865,  for  meritorious  and  faithful  services 
in  the  recruitment  of  the  armies  of  the  United  States. 

He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
July  31,  1866,  and  joined  his  regiment  at  Austin,  Texas,  on  the 
1st  of  February,  1867.     He  served  with  it  in  Texas,  the  Indian 


284  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Territory,  Kansas,  and  Arizona,  and  had  stations  at  Austin,  and 
at  Forts  Kichardson,  Eiley,  Hays,  and  Lowell,  and  performed  the 
duties  pertaining  to  a  post  and  regimental  commander  until 
April  29,  1879,  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service,  at  his  own 
request,  having  served  over  thirty  years. 


7.  Innis  N.  Palmer  was  born  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1846, 
and  assigned  to  the  Mounted  Eifles  (now  Third  Cavalry)  as  a 
brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a 
second  lieutenant  July  20,  1847,  and  a  first  lieutenant  January 
27,  1853.  He  joined  his  regiment  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  October 
29,  1846,  and  started  from  that  station  on  the  11th  of  December 
for  service  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  arrived  at  Vera  Cruz  on  the 
9th  of  March,  1847. 

He  participated  in  the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz,  the  battles  of  Cerro 
Gordo,  Contreras,  Churubusco,  Chapultepec  (severely  wounded), 
and  in  the  assault  upon,  and  capture  of,  the  city  of  Mexico.  He 
commanded  Company  B  of  the  police  in  the  city  of  Mexico 
from  December  18,  1847,  to  June  5,  1848  (date  of  leaving  the 
city),  and  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  August 
20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of 
Contreras  and  Churubusco,  and  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from 
September  13,  1847,  for  gallant  conduct  at  Chapultepec. 

He  returned  to  Jefferson  Barracks  in  July,  1848,  and  was 
employed  on  regimental  recruiting  service  until  September.  He 
served  as  acting  adjutant  of  his  regiment  from  November  25, 
1848,  to  March  25,  1849,  when  he  was  assigned  to  regimental 
recruiting  service  at  St.  Louis,  where  he  served  until  May,  when 
he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Camp  Sumner,  near  Fort  Leavenworth, 
and  marched  with  it  to  Oregon  City,  where  he  arrived  about  the 
15th  of  October.  He  served  as  acting  adjutant  of  his  regiment 
from  October  14,  1849,  to  May  1,  1850,  when  he  was  appointed, 
adjutant,  and  held  the  position  until  July  1,  1854.  He  served 
during  this  period  at  Oregon  City  and  Fort  Vancouver;  and, 
returning  East,  served  at  Jefferson  Barracks  in  1851,  and  during 
the  years  1852-54  was  employed  in  Indian  campaigns  in   Texas, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  285 

and  had  stations  at  Forts  Merrill,  Ewell,  and  Inge.  He  was  on 
recruiting  service  in  Baltimore  when  appointed  a  captain  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855. 

He  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  August  27,  1855, 
and  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Ma- 
son January  14,  1856,  where  he  served  until  July,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  Camp  Verde,  which  he  retained  until 
May,  1858,  and  was  employed  during  January  and  February,  1858, 
in  operations  against  hostile  Indians  near  the  head-waters  of  the 
Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers.  He  returned  to  Fort  Mason  in  May, 
1858,  and  about  one  month  later  proceeded  to  Fort  Belknap,  where 
the  regiment  was  ordered  to  concentrate  for  the  march  to  Utah  ; 
but  the  order  was  revoked,  and  he  was  assigned,  on  the  27th  of  July, 
to  duty  at  that  post,  where  he  served  until  January,  1859,  when  he 
was  ordered  to  Washington  and  assigned  to  special  duty  until  May, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  with  permission  to 
visit  Europe.  He  returned  to  duty  in  October,  1860,  and  con- 
ducted a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Texas,  and  rejoined  his 
company  at  Camp  Cooper,  January  5,  1861.  He  started  from 
that  station  on  the  21st  of  February,  and  marched  his  company  to 
Green  Lake,  where  he  was  joined  by  five  other  companies,  which 
composed  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  out  of  Texas.  He 
then  conducted  the  battalion  to  Indianola,  and  there  embarked  on 
the  steamship  Coatzacoalcos,  and  arrived  in  New  York  Harbor  on 
the  11th  of  April,  1861,  and  proceeded  with  companies  D  and  H 
directly  to  Washington,  where  he  was  employed  in  guarding  the 
Treasury  building  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city.  He 
was  promoted  a  major  in  the  regiment  April  25,  1861,  and  com- 
manded the  regular  cavalry  in  the  Manassas  campaign.  He  was 
commended  in  the  report  of  his  brigade  commander,  and  was 
made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  July  21,  1861,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Kim. 

He  served  as  a  member  of  a  board  convened  at  Washington  in 
August,  1861,  for  the  examination  of  officers  who  were  reported  to 
be  unable  to  perform  field-service.  He  commanded  the  regiment  in 
the  defenses  of  Washington  from  the  28th  of  August  to  the  26th 
of  September,  1861,  and  was  appointed  in  October  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  September  23,  1861,  and  con- 
tinued to  serve  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  until  March,  1862, 


286  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

when  he  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign  as  a 
brigade  commander  in  the  Fourth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  in  the  battles  of 
Williamsburg,  Fair  Oaks,  Glendale,  and  Malvern  Hill.  He  was 
then  employed  in  organizing  and  forwarding  to  the  field  New 
Jersey  and  Delaware  volunteers,  and  in  superintending  camps  of 
drafted  men  at  Philadelphia,  until  December,  1862,  Avhen  he  was 
transferred  to  North  Carolina,  where  he  served  until  June,  1865, 
and  commanded  at  different  periods  the  First  Division  of  the 
Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  the  Department  of  North  Carolina, 
the  District  of  Pamlico,  the  Eighteenth  Army  Corps,  the  defenses 
of  Newbern,  the  Districts  of  North  Carolina  and  Beaufort,  and 
participated  in  March,  1865,  in  General  Sherman's  movements, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  action  of  Kinston.  He  was  promoted  in 
December,  1863,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  September  23,  1863,  and  was  made  a  brevet  colonel 
and  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion, 
and  a  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  13, 
1865,  for  long  and  meritorious  services. 

He  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service  on  the  15th  of  Janu- 
ary, 1866,  and  joined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Ellsworth,  Kan.,  on  the 
21st  of  May,  and  commanded  it  until  September,  when  he  availed 
himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  December,  and  rejoined  the 
regiment  at  Fort  Laramie,  Wyoming,  and  commanded  it  until 
August,  1867,  and  again  from  November,  1867,  to  July,  1868.  He 
was  promoted  colonel  of  the  Second  Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  9, 

1868.  He  served  as  a  member  of  a  board  convened  at  Washington 
to  pass  upon  a  system  of  cavalry  tactics  from  July,  1868,  to  June, 

1869,  when  he  rejoined  his  regiment  and  served  at  Omaha  Barracks 
until  September,  1872.  He  was  then  transferred,  with  his  regi- 
mental headcpiarters,  to  Fort  Sanders,  Wyoming,  where  he  served 
until  the  fall  of  1876.  He  also  commanded  the  District  of  the 
East  Platte  during  the  summer  of  1872  ;  served  as  a  member  of 
a  Cavalry  Equipment  Board  convened  at  Fort  Leavenworth  in 
1874,  and  as  a  member  of  a  Board  on  a  Carbine  Cartridge  in  1875. 
He  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  from  September, 
1876,  to  March  20,  187U,  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service, 
at  his  own  request,  having  served  over  thirty  years.     He  has  been 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  287 

engaged  for  some  time  in  civil  pursuits  at  Denver,  Col.,  but  his 
home  is  in  Washington  City. 


8.  Joseph  II.  Whittlesey  was  born  in  New  York,  lie  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1844, 
and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a 
brevet  second  lieutenant.  He  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First  Cavalry)  September  18,  1845,  and 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  October  18,  1847.  He  served  as 
adjutant  of  his  regiment  from  September  30,  1851,  until  he  was 
promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  October  22,  1854.  He  joined  at 
Fort  Jesup,  La.  (acting  adjutant  of  the  Second  Dragoons  June- 
July,  1815),  and  served  in  the  military  occupation  of  Texas  and  in 
the  Mexican  War,  and  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date 
from  February  23,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at 
the  battle  of  Buena  Vista.  He  was  transferred  to  New  Mexico  in 
1848,  where  he  served  until  1852  ;  bad  stations  at  Santa  Fe,  Taos, 
Kayado,  and  Fort  Union,  and  was  engaged  in  an  Indian  skirmish 
at  El  Cerro  del  Olla  on  the  13tli  of  March,  1849. 

He  served  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  1852-54,  and  at  Fort  Union 
until  1856,  when  his  health  began  to  fail,  and  from  that  time  until 
1860  (except  a  tour  of  recruiting  service  in  1858)  was  on  sick- 
leave  of  absence.  After  a  tour  of  service  at  Carlisle  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Oregon  and  employed  in  operations  against  hostile  Indians 
until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  then  re- 
turned to  the  Eastern  seaboard  and  was  promoted  a  major  in  the 
regiment,  to  date  from  November  12,  1861,  and  commanded  it 
from  the  14th  of  January  to  the  21st  of  May,  1862.  He  served 
in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62  ; 
participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  in  the  battle  of  Williamsburg. 
He  was  captured  at  Winchester,  Va.,  on  the  25th  of  May,  1862, 
while  on  a  sick-leave  of  absence,  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war 
until  September  30,  1862.  He  was  then  assigned  to  the  duty  of 
organizing  and  inspecting  volunteer  cavalry  at  Iiarrisburg,  Pa., 
until  February,  1863,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Concord,  N.  H., 
and  employed  on  similar  duty  until  February,  1865. 


288  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS. 

Major  Whittlesey  was  retired  from  active  service  on  the  30th  of 
November,  1863,  for  disability  resulting  from  long  and  faithful 
service  and  from  disease  and.  exposure  in  the  line  of  duty.  He 
commanded  Camp  Randall,  near  Madison,  Wis.,  from  the  1st  of 
March  to  the  3d  of  July,  1865  ;  was  employed  on  recruiting  ser- 
vice from  April,  1866,  to  February,  18.67,  and  thereafter  on  a  tour 
of  inspection  and  conference  until  June,  1868,  among  the  higher 
educational  institutions  of  the  United  States,  for  the  purpose  of 
devising  a  system  of  military  instruction  for  introduction  into  the 
colleges  and  universities  of  the  country  with  a  view  to  future 
national  defense.  He  was  professor  of  military  science  at  the 
Cornell  University  of  New  York  from  June,  1868,  to  July,  1870. 

He  resided  at  Winchester,  Va. ,  until  the  3d  of  December,  1876, 
when  he  was  appointed  treasurer  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  D.  C,  and 
continued  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  office  until  July 
15,  1881,  when  he  returned  to  his  home  in  Winchester,  Va. 


10.  David  H.  Hastings  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  enlisted  in 
the  Second  Infantry  on  the  19th  of  July,  1837,  and  served  as  a 
private,  corporal,  sergeant,  and  first  sergeant  in  Company  B  until 
the  17th  of  November,  1845.  He  re-enlisted  in  Company  K, 
Third  Artillery,  on  the  1st  of  December,  1845,  and  served  as  a 
private,  corporal,  sergeant,  and  first  sergeant  until  the  25th  of 
April,  1847,  when  he  was  transferred  as  a  first  sergeant  to  the 
company  of  United  States  Sappers  and  Miners,  and  served  in  that 
grade  until  the  28th  of  June,  1848.  He  served  in  the  Mexican 
War;  was  wounded  at  Contreras,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  the 
assault  upon,  and  capture  of,  the  city  of  Mexico. 

He  was  appointed,  June  28,  1848,  a  brevet  second  lieutenant 
in  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First  Cavalry),  and  was  promoted,  in 
his  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  December  27,  1848  ;  a  first  lieu- 
tenant October  22,  1854,  and  a  captain  January  9,  1860.  lie  ac- 
companied his  regiment  to  New  Mexico,  where  he  was.  actively 
employed  in  Indian  campaigns  until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of 
the  Rebellion,  and  was  severely  injured  by  the  falling  of  his  horse 
while  in  pursuit  of  Indians  near  Fort  Buchanan  on  the  7th  of 
October,  1857. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  289 

He  was  superintendent  of  the  Mounted  Recruiting  Service,  and 
commanded  the  Cavalry  School  at  Carlisle  from  September,  1861, 
to  April,  1864.  He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  regiment,  to 
date  from  September  23,  1863,  and  was  retired  from  active  service 
December  7,  1863,  for  disability  resulting  from  wounds  and  in- 
juries received  in  the  line  of  his  duty. 

He  remained  at  Carlisle  only  a  short  time  after  his  retirement, 
and  then  moved  to  Bath,  N".  Y.,  where  he  lived  for  some  years. 
He  then  made  his  home  in  Baltimore,  Md.,  where  he  died  of 
apoplexy  on  the  22d  of  September,  1882.  He  belonged  to  the  old 
school  of  soldiers,  and  was  a  good  and  faithful  officer. 


11.  David  S.  Stanley  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1852,  and  assigned 
to  the  Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant 
September  6,  1853.  He  reported  for  duty,  on  the  expiration  of  the 
graduating  leave,  at  Carlisle  Barracks,  where  he  served  until  May, 
1853,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Pacific  Railway  reconnais- 
sance, and  finally  joined  his  comj^any  at  Fort  McKavett,  Texas, 
August  27,  1854,  and  served  at  that  station  and  Fort  Chadbourne 
until  the  spring  of  1855,  when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieu- 
tenant in  the  First  (now  Fourth)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3, 
1855.  He  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  March 
27,  1855,  and  a  captain  March  16,  1861.  He  served  with  his 
regiment  in  Kansas  and  the  Indian  Territory  until  the  beginning 
of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  having  stations  at  Forts  Leaven- 
worth, Riley,  Arbuckle,  Cobb,  Smith,  and  Washita;  participated 
in  the  Cheyenne  expedition  of  1857,  the  march  to  the  Arkansas 
River  in  1858,  the  campaign  against  the  Comanche  Indians  in  1859, 
and  was  distinguished  in  an  engagement  in  the  Wichita  Moun- 
tains, near  Fort  Arbuckle,  on  the  27th  of  February,  1859. 

He  marched,  under  the  command  of  Major  Emory,  from  Fort 
Washita  to  Fort  Leavenworth  in  May,  1861  ;  entered  upon  active 
service  in  General  Lyon's  campaign  in  South-western  Missouri, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  and  capture  of  Forsyth,  the 
action  at  Dug  Springs,  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  the  retreat 
19 


290  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

to  Eolla,  the  skirmish  near  Salem,  and  the  march  from  St.  Louis 
to  Syracuse  and  Springfield.  He  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  September  28,  1861,  and,  after 
serving  as  a  member  of  a  military  commission  at  St.  Louis,  was 
assigned,  in  the  spring  of  1862,  to  the  command  of  the  Second 
Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Mississippi,  and  participated  in  the 
capture  of  New  Madrid,  the  attack  upon  Island  No.  10,  which 
surrendered  on  the  7th  of  April,  1862,  the  expedition  to  Fort 
Pillow;  the  advance  upon,  and  siege  of,  Corinth,  including  the 
action  at  Farmington  and  several  skirmishes,  and  the  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  to  Boonville. 

General  Stanley  commanded  a  division  during  the  operations 
in  Northern  Mississippi  and  Alabama  from  June  to  November, 
1862,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Iuka  and  Corinth.  He 
was  appointed,  November  24,  1862,  chief  of  cavalry  of  the  Army 
of  the  Cumberland,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  capacity  until 
September,  1863  ;  he  accomplished  for  the  cavalry  of  that  army 
what  General  Buford  did  for  the  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac, and  the  results  achieved  under  his  leadership  established  his 
reputation  as  a  successful  cavalry  general.  During  this  eventful 
period  his  field  services  were  continuous  and  conspicuous.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at  Franklin  and  Nolansville,  and  in  the 
battle  of  Stone  Eiver,  where  he  displayed  great  skill  and  ability  in 
commanding  the  National  cavalry  and  holding  the  enemy's  cavalry 
in  check  and  defeating  them  in  every  encounter,  and  won,  in 
addition  to  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  December 
31, 1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services,  the  special  commen- 
dation of  General  Eosecrans,  who  mentioned  him  as  an  officer 
already  greatly  distinguished  by  his  successes  at  Island  No.  10,  at 
Iuka  and  Corinth,  and  recommended  him  for  a  major-general  not 
only  because  merited  but  also  for  the  good  of  the  service.  He  was 
also  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Bradyville,  Snow  Hill,  Franklin, 
and  Middleton,  the  advance  on  Tullahoma,  the  action  at  Shelby  - 
ville,  the  skirmish  on  Elk  Eiver,  the  expedition  to  Huntsville,  and 
the  passage  of  the  Tennessee  Eiver  and  North  Georgia  Mountains. 

He  was  appointed  a  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from 
November  29, 1862,  and  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  December  1,  1863,  but  never  joined,  as  he  was  in 
the  volunteer  service  during  the  years  that  he  belonged  to  the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  291 

regiment.  He  succeeded,  in  November,  1863,  to  the  command  of 
the  First  Division  of  the  Fourth  Army  Corps  in  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  served  at  Bridgeport,  Ala.,  and  Blue  Springs, 
Tenn.,  until  May,  18G4,  and  thereafter  and  until  July,  1864,  partici- 
pated in  the  movement  into  Georgia.  He  was  assigned,  on  the 
30th  of  July,  1864,  to  the  command  of  the  Fourth  Army  Corps, 
which  he  retained  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

He  was  engaged  in  the  operations  around  Dal  ton  ;  the  battle 
of  Resaca;  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  with  constant  skirmishing, 
to  Cassville;  the  battle  of  Dallas;  the  movement  against  Pine 
Mountain,  with  almost  daily  severe  engagements  during  parts 
of  May  and  June,  1864 ;  the  battles  of  Kenesaw  Mountain, 
the  assault  at  Ruff's  Station,  the  passage  of  the  Chattahoochee 
River,  the  combat  of  Peach-Tree  Creek,  the  siege  of  Atlanta,  the 
assault  upon  the  enemy's  works  at  Jonesboro  (wounded),  the  action 
at  Lovejoy's  Station,  the  surrender  and  occupation  of  Atlanta,  the 
pursuit  of  the  enemy  to  Gaylesville,  Ala.,  and  the  raid  upon  the 
railroad  north  of  Atlanta.  He  was  thereafter  actively  employed  in 
the  movement  of  concentration  towards  Nashville  to  oppose  the 
advance  of  the  enemy  under  General  Hood,  and  was  engaged  upon 
several  occasions  during  the  latter  part  of  November,  1864,  and  was 
conspicuous  for  judgment  and  gallantry  in  the  action  of  Spring 
Hill  (commanding)  and  in  the  battle  of  Franklin  (wounded).  His 
timely  arrival  on  the  battle-field  of  Franklin  averted  disaster 
and  contributed  largely  to  the  brilliant  success  of  the  National 
cause. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  May  15,  1864, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Resaca ;  a 
brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Ruff's  Station  ; 
and  a  brevet  major-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Franklin.  He  was 
stationed  at  Nashville  from  January  to  July,  1865,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  command  of  Central  Texas,  where  he  served 
until  December.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  February  1,  1866,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer 
service.  He  was  on  waiting  orders  until  October,  when  he  was 
promoted  colonel  of  the  Twenty-second  Infantry,  to-  date  from 
July  28,  1866. 


292  MILITARY  RECORDS  OP  OFFICERS. 

He  assumed  the  command  of  Fort  Leavenworth  in  November, 
and  served  there  until  April,  1867,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Fort  Sully,  and  served  at  that  station  until  July,  1874, 
and  commanded  expeditions  to  the  Yellowstone  country  in 
connection  with  the  surveys  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad 
during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1872-73,  and  in  expressing  freely 
his  views  concerning  the  territory  to  be  opened  for  settlement 
came  prominently  before  the  country,  and  attracted  wide  and 
favorable  attention. 

He  served  at  Fort  Wayne,  Mich.,  from  July,  1874,  to  Septem- 
ber, 1876,  when  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the  General 
Recruiting  Service,  with  headquarters  at  New  York  City.  While 
thus  employed  he  also  served  as  a  member  of  the  commission 
which  was  appointed  to  select  a  reservation  for  the  Sioux  Indians 
under  Red  Cloud  and  Spotted  Tail. 

On  the  expiration  of  the  tour  of  recruiting  service  he  rejoined 
his  regiment  at  Fort  Porter,  N.  Y.,  and  changed  station  to  Texas, 
where  he  served  as  a  post,  district,  and  regimental  commander 
until  December  6,  1880,  when  he  was  temporarily  assigned,  by 
order  of  the  President,  to  the  command  of  the  Department  of 
Texas,  which  he  exercised  at  San  Antonio  until  January  3,  1881, 
when  he  returned  to  the  command  of  the  District  of  the  Nueces, 
and  had  station  at  Fort  Clark  until  November,  1882,  when  he 
was  transferred  with  his  regiment  to  New  Mexico  and  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  District,  with  his  headquarters  at  Santa  Fe. 


12.  William  B.  Royall  was  born  in  Virginia  and  removed 
with  his  family  at  an  early  age  to  Missouri.  He  served  in  the 
Mexican  War  as  first  lieutenant  of  Company  D,  Second  Missouri 
Mounted  Volunteers,  from  July  31,  1846,  to  August  14,  1847.  He 
reported  at  Fort  Leavenworth  in  the  summer  of  1846  and  marched 
with  his  regiment  to  Santa  Fe,  and  while  serving  in  New  Mexico 
during  the  year  1847  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Canada, 
the  skirmish  of  Embudo,  and  the  assault  upon  and  capture  of 
the  Puebla  de  Taos.  He  was  assigned  with  Captain  Burgwin,  of 
the  First  Dragoons,  to  the  duty  of  charging  the  fortifications  of 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  293 

the  Puebla  de  Taos,  where  lie  was  distinguished  for  conspicuous 
gallantry.* 

On  the  expiration  of  the  term  of  service  of  his  regiment  it  was 
consolidated  into  five  companies  and  reorganized  as  the  Santa  Fe 
Battalion.  He  was  then  commissioned  by  the  President,  under 
Section  21  of  the  Act  of  Congress  approved  March  3,  1847,  a  first 
lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  battalion,  to  date  from  August  14, 
1847,  and  ordered  to  Missouri  on  recruiting  service.  After  secur- 
ing the  required  number  of  men  he  reported  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
and  in  May,  1848,  started  with  his  detachment  for  Santa  Fe,  having 
in  charge  Paymaster  Bryant  (who  had  eighty  thousand  dollars 
with  him),  a  supply-train  of  fifty  wagons,  and  five  hundred  head 
of  beef-cattle.  When  encamped  near  the  junction  of  Coon  Creek 
and  the  Arkansas  River,  between  Forts  Dodge  and  Larned,  he  was 
attacked  at  daybreak  on  the  18th  of  June,  1848,  by  three  hundred 
Comanche  warriors.  He  had  scarcely  time  to  corral  the  cattle 
and  secure  the  horses  when  the  Indians  charged  through  his  camp 
and  made  repeated  efforts  to  stampede  the  stock.  In  these  charges 
nine  warriors  were  killed  and  many  were  wounded.  The  Indians 
then  fled  across  the  river  in  a  southerly  direction,  when  he  mounted 

*  The  battle  of  Canada,  the  skirmish  of  Embudo,  and  the  assault  and  capture  of  the  Puebla 
de  Taos  were  results  of  a  movement  inaugurated  by  Colonel  Sterling  Price  to  punish  the  mur- 
derers of  Governor  Charles  Bent  and  other  civil  officers  of  the  Territory  at  the  latter  place. 
He  left  Santa  Fe  January  23, 1847,  with  a  battalion  of  the  Second  Missouri  Mounted  Volunteers 
and  a  detachment  of  Santa  Fe"  infantry  (numbering  about  five  hundred  men)  and  a  section  of 
artillery  (from  Fisher's  St.  Louis  Battery).  The  march  was  taken  up  for  Taos,  and  on  the 
afternoon  of  the  following  day  the  enemy  were  discovered  two  thousand  strong  and  well  posted 
near  Canada.  An  engagement  followed,  and  a  vigorous  charge  compelled  the  enemy  to  retreat 
towards  Taos  with  little  loss  on  either  side.  Colonel  Price  was  joined,  January  27,  by  Captain 
Burgwin's  company  of  the  First  Dragoons  and  a  company  of  the  Second  Missouri  Mounted 
Volunteers.  The  march  towards  Taos  was  continued,  and  on  January  29  the  enemy  again 
appeared  near  the  pass  of  Embudo,  having  a  very  favorable  position.  Our  forces  again  charged, 
and  the  enemy  retreated  with  a  loss  of  twenty  killed  and  many  wounded.  The  march  was  con- 
tinued over  snow  four  feet  deep  on  a  level.  The  artillery  was  pulled  over  the  Taos  Mountains 
by  hand,  the  infantry  marching  in  front  to  break  a  road.  The  column  arrived  in  front  of  Taos 
February  3,  a  place  of  considerable  strength,  surrounded  by  walls  and  strong  pickets.  The 
town  was  well  adapted  for  a  defense  ;  every  point  was  flanked  by  projecting  buildings  and  the 
walls  were  pierced  for  rifles.  The  assault  was  commenced  on  February  4  by  a  rapid  and 
effective  fire  from  the  artillery,  which  was  followed  by  a  dismounted  charge  led  by  Burgwin. 
He  effected  a  lodgment  inside  a  corral  in  front  of  the  church,  and  while  endeavoring  to  force  the 
church  door  he  was  mortally  wounded,  and  died  three  days  afterwards.  Royal  1  accompanied 
Burgwin  to  the  end,  but  the  charge  was  unsuccessful  and  the  troops  were  forced  to  retire.  The 
following  afternoon  the  artillery  succeeded  in  making  a  breach  in  the  church  wall,  and  imme- 
diately thereafter  a  storming  party  entered  and  captured  the  town.  Our  loss  was  fifty-two 
killed  and  wounded.  The  enemy's  loss  was  one  hundred  and  fifty  killed  and  wounded.  This 
was  a  well-fought  battle,  but,  occurring  during  the  greater  and  more  exciting  ones  of  the 
Mexican  War,  it  did  not  attract  the  attention  which  it  deserved. J 


294  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

thirty-four  picked  men  and  pursued  them  four  miles  in  the  sand- 
hills, killing  fourteen  and  having  four  men  severely  wounded. 
He  was  outnumbered  three  to  one  and  was  encumbered  with  the 
supply-train  and  cattle,  but  he  succeeded  in  placing  on  record  as 
creditable  a  combat  with  hostile  Indians  as  can  be  found  in  the 
annals  of  frontier  service.  When  he  arrived  at  Santa  Fe*  the 
war  was  ended  and  the  troops  were  preparing  to  return  home. 
He  was  then  assigned  with  the  recruits  on  escort  duty  to  General 
Sterling  Price,  and  marched  with  the  command  to  Independence, 
Mo.,  where  he  was  mustered  out  of  service  on  the  20th  of  Octo- 
ber, 1848,  and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 

In  consideration  of  his  gallant  services  in  the  combat  on  Coon 
Creek  he  was  commissioned  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  was  the  senior 
first  lieutenant  of  the  appointments  in  that  grade  in  the  four  new 
regiments  created  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1855,  of 
those  who  had  previously  served  as  lieutenants  of  volunteers 
during  the  war  with  Mexico.  He  received  his  appointment  at 
Columbia,  Mo.,  and  proceeded  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  where  he  served 
on  recruiting  service  until  July,  when  he  joined  the  regiment  at 
Jefferson  Barracks  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  detach- 
ment of  Company  C,  which  he  retained  until  the  24th  of  August, 
when  the  headquarters  of  his  company  joined  and  he  returned  to 
company  duty  until  the  20th  of  September,  when  he  was  detached 
to  recruiting  service  at  Columbia,  Mo.  He  rejoined  his  company 
at  Jefferson  Barracks  in  October,  and  marched  with  the  regiment 
to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January  14,  1856,  where  he 
had  station  until  June,  and  participated  in  an  expedition  to  the 
head-waters  of  the  Concho,  and  was  engaged  in  a  combat  with 
hostile  Comanches  on  the  1st  of  May,  and  won  a  special  mention 
in  the  official  report  for  gallant  conduct.  He  was  then  assigned 
to  recruiting  service  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  served  until  No- 
vember, 1858.  He  then  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits  from 
Carlisle  to  Texas,  and  rejoined  the  regiment  at  Camp  Kadziminski, 
December  31,  1858,  and  assumed  the  command  of  Company  C, 
which  he  retained  until  the  10th  of  February,  1860. 

He  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  combat  with  hostile  Comanches 
on  a  tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  May  13, 
1859,  and  was  highly  commended  for  conspicuous  gallantry  and 


MILITARY   REC0RD8   OF  OFFICERS.  295 

energy,  and  won  a  special  mention  for  particular  services  in  holding 
the  enemy  in  check  until  the  main  command  arrived  on  the  scene 
of  action,  and  in  very  adroitly  capturing  their  horses,  for  which, 
in  the  language  of  the  report,  "  great  credit  is  due  him."  He  was 
also  complimented  in  orders  by  General  Scott.  He  changed  station 
to  Camp  Cooper  in  June,  1859,  participated  in  the  Cimarron 
expedition,  October-November,  1859,  and  changed  station  in 
December  to  Camp  Lawson,  where  he  served  until  May,  1860. 
He  was  then  transferred  to  Fort  Inge,  where  he  had  station  (on 
leave  of  absence,  June,  1860-February,  1861)  until  March  19, 
1861,  when  he  marched  to  Indianola  (commanding  company)  and 
embarked  on  the  steamship  Emjrire  City  just  in  time  to  escape 
capture,  and  arrived  at  Carlisle  on  the  27th  of  April,  1861.  He  was 
promoted  a  captain  March  21,  1861,  and  participated  in  General 
Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  of 
Falling  Waters  and  the  skirmishes  near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker 
Hill;  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62,  and  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg, 
and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance 
towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House  and  the 
reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to 
date  from  May  27, 1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Hanover  Court-House.  He  was  commanding  two  scpiad- 
rons  of  the  regiment  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Pamunkey  River  when  he  fought  the 
action  of  Old  Church,  June  13,  1862,  and  received  six  sabre-wounds 
while  engaged  in  hand-to-hand  conflicts  with  the  enemy.  He  made 
a  stubborn  fight,  but  was  overwhelmed  by  superior  numbers,  and, 
although  surrounded  and  grievously  wounded,  he  cut  through  the 
enemy  and  joiued  the  main  army.  He  received  two  sabre-contu- 
sions on  the  right  side  of  the  head ;  a  cut  two  inches  long  on  the 
forehead  ;  a  long  cut  on  the  left  cheek  which  bled  profusely  ;  a  cut 
on  the  right  wrist,  dividing  a  tendon  ;  and  an  incised  fracture, 
four  inches  long,  of  the  left  parietal  bone.  These  wounds,  attesting 
the  severity  of  the  conflict,  disabled  him  from  field-service  for 
some  years.  He  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date 
from  June  13,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  Old 
Church,  and  was  offered,  in   September,  1862,  the  colonelcy  of 


296  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS. 

the  Twenty-seventh  NeAv  Jersey  Volunteers,  which  he  was  com- 
pelled to  decline  because  of  his  wounds,  which  incapacitated  him 
for  field-service,  and  his  sense  of  justice  forbade  him  to  accept 
the  pay  of  a  grade  when  he  was  unable  to  discharge  the  duties 
belonging  to  it.  This  was  a  keen  disappointment,  because  it  was 
understood  that  an  appointment  of  brigadier-general  of  volunteers 
would  soon  follow  if  he  accepted.  When  he  was  able  to  travel, 
although  still  suffering  from  his  wounds,  he  reported  at  Washing- 
ton in  October,  1862,  for  the  purpose  of  joining  the  regiment, 
but  it  was  decided  to  send  him  to  Louisville  as  a  mustering  and 
disbursing  officer,  where  he  served  until  March,  1864.  He  was 
then  transferred  to  the  Cavalry  Bureau  at  Washington,  where  he 
served  until  May,  when  he  was  appointed  superintendent  of  the 
Mounted  Recruiting  Service  at  Carlisle  and  commandant  of  the 
drafted  camp  of  that  district. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  regiment,  December  7,  1863, 
and  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for 
arduous  and  faithful  services  in  the  recruitment  of  the  armies 
of  the  United  States.  He  was  relieved  from  duty  at  Carlisle  in 
April,  1866,  and  ordered  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  he  commanded 
four  companies  of  the  regiment  until  November,  when  he  was 
relieved  by  the  lieutenant-colonel  and  performed  garrison  duty 
until  April,  1867.  He  was  then  ordered  to  North  Carolina  and 
instructed  to  inspect  the  cavalry  serving  in  the  Second  Military 
District.  When  this  duty  was  completed,  he  was  appointed  chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  Civil  Affairs,  and  served  in  that  position  from 
May  to  August,  1867,  and  prepared  the  registration-books  and 
designated  all  the  registrars  of  elections  in  the  Carolinas.  He 
was  relieved  at  his  own  request,  and  assigned  to  the  post  of  Mor- 
ganton,  where  his  duties  were  of  a  delicate  and  important  nature, 
involving  the  execution  of  the  reconstruction  acts  of  Congress 
in  fifteen  counties  of  western  North  Carolina.  He  discharged 
them  with  great  judgment  and  marked  fidelity  to  the  government, 
and  continued  in  command  of  the  station  until  August,  1868, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  Raleigh,  and  was  ordered  thence 
in  September,  with  a  detachment  of  the  regiment,  to  frontier 
service.  He  took  the  field  at  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  on  the  1st  of 
October  with  four  companies,  and  commanded  in  the  affair  on 
Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Kan.     He  relinquished   the  command  to  a 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  297 

senior  major  on  the  23d,  and  was  assigned  to  Fort  Riley,  where  he 
had  station  until  April,  1869,  when  he  marched  a  detachment  of 
recruits  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.  He  served  with  the  Republi- 
can River  expedition  of  1869,  which  resulted  in  opening  the  beau- 
tiful valleys  of  that  river  and  its  tributaries  for  settlement,  and 
commanded  the  expedition  from  July  30  to  August  24,  and  was 
engaged  (commanding)  in  the  affairs  on  the  Republican  River, 
near  Spring  Creek,  Neb.  ;  in  the  sand-hills  near  Frenchman's 
Fork,  Col.  ;  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesbnrg,  Col.,  and 
in  the  Niobrara  pursuit,  and  (second  in  command)  in  the 
brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs,  Col.  He  served  at  Fort 
McPherson  from  the  24th  of  August  to  the  15th  of  October, 
1869,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and  joined 
a  detachment  of  the  regiment  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
December  22,  1869,  where  he  had  station  until  March,  1872, 
and  performed  garrison  duty  and  commanded  the  detachment  of 
seven  companies  at  different  periods.  He  then  proceeded  to  Ari- 
zona, and  arrived  at  Camp  Grant  on  the  6th  of  June,  and  com- 
manded the  station  until  the  9th  of  July,  when  he  was  assigned 
to  court-martial  duty  at  Fort  Whipple,  where  he  served  until 
the  following  October.  He  was  then  on  leave  of  absence  and 
detached  service  at  San  Francisco  until  March,  1873,  when  he 
rejoined  at  Camp  Lowell,  commanded  the  regiment  a  few  days, 
and  proceeded  to  Camp  Grant,  where  he  arrived  on  the  28th  of 
March,  and  commanded  the  station  until  the  20th  of  April,  when 
he  was  ordered  to  San  Diego  and  Los  Angeles  as  a  member  of  a 
board  to  purchase  cavalry  horses.  He  continued  on  that  duty 
until  July,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the  headquarters  of 
the  Department  of  California  as  an  inspecting  officer  until  July, 
1874.  He  rejoined  at  Camp  Lowell,  and  assumed  command  of  the 
regiment  on  the  18th  of  July,  and  served  at  the  station  until  the 
1st  of  May,  1875,  when  he  marched  with  the  headquarters  and 
six  companies,  by  the  way  of  the  Rio  Grande,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col., 
where  the  command  was  distributed,  and  on  the  28th  of  June  he 
relinquished  the  command  of  the  regiment  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan., 
and  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence.  He  assumed  the  com- 
mand of  Fort  Dodge,  Kan.,  on  the  23d  of  November,  and  a  few 
days  later  (December  2,  1875)  he  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Third  Cavalry,  which  terminated  a  service  of  nearly  twenty- 


298  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

one  years  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Platte,  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort  Sidney, 
Neb.,  which  he  relinquished  in  January,  1876,  and  proceeded  to 
Philadelphia,  where  he  served  as  a  member  of  a  board  convened  by 
the  War  Department  for  the  purpose  of  considering  questions  of 
general  interest  to  the  service,  relating  to  supplies  and  the  best 
methods  of  issue. 

While  he  was  thus  employed  General  Crook  applied  for  him  to 
command  the  cavalry  during  the  Sioux  campaign  of  1876.  He 
returned  to  the  department,  and  was  employed  in  purchasing 
horses  during  April  and  May,  and  joined  the  expedition  on  the 
18th  of  May  and  commanded  his  regiment  in  the  field.  On  the 
organization  of  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  at 
Goose  Creek  on  the  4th  of  August,  a  battalion  of  the  Second 
Cavalry  was  added  to  his  command,  which  gave  him  fifteen 
companies.  He  was  distinguished  for  conspicuous  gallantry  in  the 
action  on  Rose-Bud  Creek,  Mom,  and  participated  in  the  skirmish 
at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

When  the  expedition  was  disbanded  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb., 
on  the  24th  of  October,  he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  inspector- 
general  of  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  and  continued  in  the 
discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  office  until  September,  1882,  when 
he  proceeded  to  Fort  Whipple,  Arizona,  and  assumed  the  command 
of  the  Third  Cavalry,  which  he  retained  until  he  was  promoted 
colonel  of  the  Fourth  Cavalry  to  date  from  November  1,  1882. 


13.  Nelson  B.  Sweitzer  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1853, 
and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  as 
a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First  Cavalry)  July  25,  1854.  He 
declined  a  transfer  as  second  lieutenant  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  was  promoted,  in  his 
regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  September  4,  1855,  and  a  captain  May 
7,  1861.  He  declined  a  captain's  commission  in  the  Sixteenth 
Infantry,  May  14,  1861. 

After  a  brief  service  at  Carlisle  he  was  ordered  to  Fort  Union, 
N.  M.,  and,  when  promoted   to   the   First  Dragoons,   proceeded 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  299 

thence  to  Fort  Lane,  Oregon,  where  he  joined  his  regiment  in 
September,  1854,  and  served  us  commissary  and  quartermaster  at 
that  station,  and  participated  in  the  Rogue  River  expedition  of 
1856,  and  was  engaged  in  several  skirmishes  with  hostile  Indians. 
He  was  assigned,  in  December,  1856,  to  Fort  Walla  Walla  and 
assumed  the  command  of  his  company,  which  he  retained  until 
January,  1858,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and, 
upon  his  return  to  the  East,  was  assigned  to  recruiting  service 
at  New  Orleans.  He  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Walla  Walla  in 
October  and  commanded  it  until  May,  1860,  and  was  employed 
during  this  period  in  the  usual  duties  of  frontier  service  ;  the  most 
notable  was  the  command  of  the  escort  which  accompanied  the 
wagon-road  expedition  from  Fort  Dalles  to  Salt  Lake  City  during 
the  summer  and  fall  of  1859.  He  was  on  recruiting  service  from 
May,  1860,  until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He 
served  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  General  McClellan  from  July,  1861,  to 
the  28th  of  September,  1861,  when  he  was  appointed  an  additional 
aide-de-camp,  and  continued  to  serve  on  the  staff  of  General  Mc- 
Clellan until  March  31,  1863.  He  participated  in  nearly  all  the 
movements  and  engagements  of  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular, 
and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date 
from  July  1,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
Peninsula  campaign. 

He  was  employed  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  reorganizing  the 
dismounted  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  May  to 
August,  1863,  when  he  joined  his  regiment  and  commanded  it 
until  July,  1864,  and  participated  in  the  operations  in  Central 
Virginia  and  in  the   Richmond   and    Shenandoah   campaigns   of 

1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  the  capture 
of  Spottsylvania  Court-House,  the  engagements  at  Yellow  Tavern, 
Meadow  Bridge,  Mechanicsville,  and  Hawes'  Shop ;  the  battles  of 
Cold  Harbor  and  Trevillian  Station  ;  the  affairs  at  Newtown, 
Cedarville,  Kearnyville,  and  Smithfield  ;  the  crossing  of  the  Ope- 
quan,  and  the  battle  of  Winchester. 

He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Sixteenth  New  York  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  November  12,  1864,  and  was  employed  until  April, 

1865,  on  picket-duty  in  front  of  the  defenses  of  Washington  and  in 
patrolling  Loudon  County,  Va.,  and  in  April  and  May,  1865,  he 
was  guarding  the  Northern  Neck,  Va.   for  the  purpose  of  arresting 


300  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  conspirators  who  were  engaged  in  the  assassination  of  President 
Lincoln.  Booth  was  killed  and  Harrold  and  Mudd  were  captured 
by  detachments  of  his  regiment. 

He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Third  New  York  Provisional 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  23,  1865,  and  commanded  the  District 
of  the  Northern  Neck,  Va.,  until  October,  1865,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  of  volunteer  service,  to  date  from  September  21, 1865. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  Sep- 
tember 19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Winchester ;  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for 
distinguished  services  at  the  battles  of  Yellow  Tavern  and  Meadow 
Bridge ;  a  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from 
March  13,  1865,  for  meritorious  and  distinguished  services  ;  and  a 
brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  war. 

He  was  then  employed  on  recruiting  service  at  Carlisle  and 
Cincinnati  until  he  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  regiment,  to 
date  from  July  28,  1866.  He  joined  at  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the 
2d  of  November,  and  commanded  Sedgwick  Barracks  and  a  detach- 
ment of  the  regiment  until  the  28th  of  February,  1867.  He  was 
then  assigned  to  recruiting  service  at  Carlisle  until  the  24th  of 
April,  when  he  was  transferred,  by  a  War  Department  order,  to  the 
Second  Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866.  He  lef b  the  regiment 
on  the  30th  of  April,  1867,  and  joined  the  Second  Cavalry  at 
Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  on  the  23d  of  June,  and  was  appointed 
in  April,  1868,  acting  assistant  inspector- general  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Platte,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  that  office  until 
March,  1871,  when  he  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Omaha  and 
served  in  garrison  and  field  operations  until  November,  1872.  He 
commanded  Fort  Ellis,  Mon.,  from  March,  1873,  to  September, 
1875.  He  was  then  appointed  a  member  of  a  board  on  army 
ambulances,  convened  at  Washington  City,  and  was  employed  on 
that  duty  until  February,  1877.  He  then  rejoined  at  Fort  Sanders, 
Wyo.,  and  commanded  the  station  until  July,  1877,  when  he 
was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Eighth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  June  25,  1877.  He  joined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Brown  on 
the  25th  of  July,  1877,  and  has  since  served  in  the  Department  of 
Texas,  commanding  Forts  Brown  and  Ringgold,  and  during  a 
greater  part  of  this  period  he  has  also  commanded  his  regiment. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  301 

14.  Eugene  W.  Chittenden  (a  son  of  John  J.  Crittenden) 
was  born  in  Kentucky.     He  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855, 
and  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  May  4,  1859, 
and  a  captain  May  7,  1861.      He  served,  until  the  beginning  of 
the  war  of  the  Eebellion,  in  Kansas  and  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  had  stations  at  Forts  Leavenworth,  Atkinson,  and  Arbuckle, 
and  participated  in  the  Sioux  expedition  of  1855;  in  quelling  the 
Kansas  border  disturbances  of  1857  ;  in  the  campaign  against  the 
Cheyennes  on  the   Smoky  Hill  and  in  the  Utah  expedition  of 
1858  ;  in  the  expedition  to  the  Antelope  Hills  and  in  campaigns 
against  the  Kiowas  and  Comanches  in  the  Indian  Territory  and 
Texas  during  1859-60.     He  served  in  General  Lyon's  campaign  in 
South-western  Missouri  in  August,  1861,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
action  at  Dug  Springs,  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  and  the  action 
at  Blackwater.     He  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Ohio  until  Sep- 
tember, 1862,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Army  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  New  Madrid,  the  action 
at  Farmington,  the  advance  upon,  and  siege  of,  Corinth,  and  in  the 
battles  of   Perryville  and  Stone  Eiver,  and   other  engagements. 
He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Twelfth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  March  20,  1863,  and  participated  in  the  pursuit  of  the 
Confederate   General   Morgan   through  Indiana   and   Ohio,    and 
served  in  the  Atlanta  campaign  of  1864.     He  was  mustered  out  of 
volunteer  service  on  the  23d  of  August,  1865,  and  served  with  his 
company  until  he  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  July  28,  1866.     He  was  transferred  on  the  24th  of  April, 
1867,  by  a  War  Department  order,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
July  28,  1866,  and  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  in 
June,  1867,  and  commanded  the  station  until  March,  1868,  when 
he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence.    He  rejoined  his  station  in 
October,  and  two  weeks  later  was  ordered  to  frontier  service  with  a 
detachment  of  the  regiment,  which  he  joined  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col., 
in  November,  1868,  and  served  in  the  field  and  with  the  Republican 
River  expedition  of  1869,  and  was  engaged  in  several  skirmishes 
with  hostile  Indians  and  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Summit  Sj)rings, 
Col.     He  then  served  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,    Wyo.,   until   August,   1871,  when  he  was  sent  to  Fort 
Laramie,  Wyo.,  in  command  of  a  squadron  of  the  regiment  which 


302  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

was  selected  as  an  escort  to  the  Indian  Peace  Commissioners. 
He  returned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  in  September,  and  served  there 
until  the  12th  of  December,  when  he  conducted  six  companies  of  the 
regiment  to  Fort  Yuma,  and  was  ordered  thence  to  Camp  Grant, 
where  he  arrived  on  the  8th  of  February,  and  commanded  the  station 
until  the  8th  of  June,  when  he  was  ordered  to  Camp  Hualpai, 
where  he  arrived  on  the  1st  of  July,  and  commanded  the  station 
until  the  10th  of  November.  He  then  served  on  court-martial 
duty  at  San  Francisco  until  October,  1873,  when  he  conducted 
a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Camp  Lowell,  where  he  arrived  in 
November,  and  then  proceeded  to  Camp  Bowie,  and  commanded 
the  station,  except  a  tour  of  court-martial  duty  at  Camp  Grant 
and  a  brief  leave  of  absence,  until  April,  1874,  when  he  proceeded 
to  Camp  Lowell,  where  he  arrived  on  the  20th,  and  commanded 
the  regiment  and  station  until  the  18th  of  July,  1874.  He  then 
returned  to,  and  resumed  the  command  of,  Camp  Bowie  on  the 
28th  of  July,  1874. 

On  the  morning  of  the  1st  of  August,  1874,  he  complained  of 
feeling  unwell,  but  he  attended  to  his  office  duties  as  usual,  and 
then  retired  to  his  quarters.  When  the  dinner  was  announced  he 
was  seemingly  asleep.  The  surgeon  entered  the  room  to  awake 
him,  and  found  him  dead.  He  had  called  for  a  glass  of  lemonade 
about  half  an  hour  before,  and  seemed  to  be  in  good  health.  He 
died  of  apoplexy.  His  remains  were  interred  with  military  honors 
in  the  National  cemetery  at  Camp  Bowie. 


15.  George  A.   Gordon  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1833.    He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 

1854,  and  assigned  to  the  Third  Artillery  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Second 
Artillery,  to  date  from  February  20,  1855.  He  served  at  San 
Diego,  Cal.,  until  he  was  transferred,  at  his  own  request,  to  the 
Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry),  to  date  from  March  3, 

1855.  He  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant,  to 
date  from  June  4,  1858,  and  a  captain,  to  date  from  May  30,  1861. 
He  served  in  Kansas  during  the  border  disturbances  of  185G-57  ; 
participated  in  the  expedition  to  Utah,  and  had  station  at  Fort 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  303 

Crittenden,  being  employed  in  operations  against  hostile  Indians 
and  in  protecting  the  overland  emigration  from  September,  1857, 
to  August,  1861.  He  was  then  transferred  to  Washington  and 
served  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  being  continuously  in 
the  field  and  in  various  positions  of  trust  until  the  surrender 
of  the  Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  at  Appomattox  in 
April,  1865.  He  was  engaged  in  many  of  the  important  battles 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  frequently  received  distinguished 
mention  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct.  He  served  with  the 
cavalry  fortes  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter 
of  1861-62  ;  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg, and  in  the  movement  towards  Richmond,  including  several 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy.  He  was  engaged  in  a  dashing  and 
successful  reconnaissance  near  New  Bridge,  on  the  Chickahominy, 
May  24,  1862,  where  he  commanded  a  squadron,  and  for  gallant 
conduct  on  that  occasion  received  a  special  mention  in  the  report 
of  General  McClellan,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major.  He  com- 
manded his  regiment  during  the  Maryland  campaign,  being 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  duty  in  Washington  until  January,  1863  ;  he 
participated  in  the  Rappahannock  campaign,  commanding  his 
regiment  during  February  and  March,  1863.  He  took  part  in 
General  Stoneman's  raid  of  April  and  May,  1863,  and  in  the 
Pennsylvania  campaign  ;  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg, and  commanded  his  regiment  in  the  engagements  at  Wil- 
liamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  Falling  Waters,  and  Manassas 
Gap  during  July,  1863.  He  again  commanded  his  regiment 
from  October,  1863,  to  February,  1864,  and  thereafter  his  com- 
pany until  May,  1864 ;  was  chiefly  engaged  on  picket-duty  on 
the  Rapidan  River,  but  participated  in  the  cavalry  engagement 
near  Culpepper  Court-House.  He  served  as  an  aide-de-camp  for 
Generals  Merritt  and  Torbert  in  the  Richmond  campaign,  partici- 
pated in  General  Sheridan's  first  raid  on  Richmond  and  in  the 
second  raid  to  Trevillian  Station,  and  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  to  date  from  June  11,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Trevillian  Station.  He  served  at  different 
periods  during  1863-64  as  chief  ordnance  officer  and  commissary 
of  musters  of  the  cavalry  corps,  April-June,  1863  ;  as  commissary 


304  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

of   musters  for  the  First  Division  cavalry  corps,  May-August, 
1864  ;    as   commissary  of   musters   for  the  cavalry  corps  in   the 
Shenandoah  campaign  and  as  special  inspector  of  cavalry  in  the 
Department  of  West  Virginia  until  December,  1864,  when  he  was 
assigned  as  assistant  commissary  of  musters  of  the  First  Cavalry 
Division,  Army  of  the  Shenandoah,  and  served  in  that  capacity 
until  May,  1865.     He  was  then  transferred  to  the  trans-Mississippi 
campaign  as  inspector-general  of  the  cavalry  in  Texas,  and  also 
served  on  the  staff  of  General  Merritt  as  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general  and  acting  inspector-general  until  November,  J.865,  when 
he  rejoined  his  regiment  in  Kansas  ;  had  stations  at  Forts  Riley 
and  Dodge,  commanding  his  company  and   performing   garrison 
and  field  duty,  until   August,   1866,  when  he   was  assigned  to 
recruiting  service  in  New  York  City,  and  served  there  until  De- 
cember, 1867.     He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fourth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  November  1,   1867  ;    served  with  his  regiment  in 
Texas,  and  had  stations  at  Forts  McKavett,  Concho,  and  Griffin. 
Upon  the  reduction  of  the  army  in  1870  he  was  placed  on  the 
list   of  unassigned  officers,  and  honorably  mustered  out  of  ser- 
vice on  the  1st  of  January,  1871.     He  engaged  in  civil  pursuits 
until  February  10,  1873,  when  he  was  reappointed,  with  his  origi- 
nal rank,  to  tbe  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  was  assigned  in  June,  1873, 
while  en  route  to  join  the  regiment  in  Arizona,  to  duty  at  Benicia 
Barracks,  Cal.,  and  later  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  Fort 
Halleck,  Nev.,  which  he  retained  from  September  2,  1873,  to  Feb- 
ruary 2,  1874.     He  then  proceeded  to  Camp  Lowell  and  reported 
at  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  on  the  9th  of  March,  and  seven 
days  later  arrived  at,  and  assumed  command  of,  Camp  Grant. 
He  was  ordered  in  September  to  Fort  Whipple  on  general  court- 
martial  duty,  where  he  served  until  the  19th  of  October,  when  he 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  visited  Europe.     He  re- 
turned to  the  United  States  in  June,  1875,  and  was  appointed  a 
member  of  aboard  of  officers  which  was  convened  at  Washington  to 
examine  candidates  for  second  lieutenants  in  the  army,  and  contin- 
ued on  the  duty  until  October,  when  he  proceeded  to  Camp  Supply, 
Indian  Territory,  where  he  arrived  in  November  ;  he  commanded 
the  station  until  July,  1876,  when  he  was  ordered  to  the  Department 
of  the  Platte,  and  upon  arrival  at  Fort  Laramie  was  assigned  with  two 
companies  of  the  regiment  to  a  summer  camp  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  305 

He  performed  an  important  service  on  the  23d  of  October  by  sur- 
prising a  large  band  of  Sioux  at  Cbadron  Creek,  Neb.,  capturing 
the  warriors  and  their  families,  together  with  their  arms  and 
ponies,  without  bloodshed  on  either  side.  He  served  with  the 
Powder  River  expedition  during  November,  1876,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bates  Creek  on  the  25th,  where  the  troops 
won  a  signal  victory.  Failing  health  compelled  him  to  relinquish 
his  command  and  go  to  Chicago,  where  he  wras  assigned  to  duty 
at  the  headcpiarters  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  and 
so  continued  until  March  27,  1877.  He  was  then  assigned  to 
Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  arrived  in  April,  and  commanded 
the  station  until  September,  1878,  with  tours  of  detached  service 
as  a  member  of  a  general  court-martial  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
in  June,  1877,  and  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  during  the  railroad  riots  in 
July,  1877.  The  condition  of  his  health  again  compelled  him  to 
seek  a  change  of  climate,  and  it  was  hoped  that  the  change  would 
ultimately  restore  him.  But  this  was  not  to  be,  and,  unexpectedly 
to  his  family  and  friends,  he  died,  of  rupture  of  an  aneurism  of 
the  aorta,  at  the  Ebbitt  House  in  Washington  on  the  26th  of 
October,  1878.  He  was  a  genial  man,  Avhose  fund  of  amusing  anec- 
dotes seemed  to  be  inexhaustible:  and  a  generous,  steadfast  friend, 
who  was  always  true  and  faithful  in  his  social  and  official  relations. 


1G.  John  J.  Upham  was  born  in  Delaware.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1859,  and  assigned 
to  the  Ninth  Infantry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  but,  without 
joining  that  regiment,  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Sixth  Infantry  December  2,  1859,  and  was  promoted,  in  his  regi- 
ment, a  first  lieutenant  May  4,  1861,  and  a  captain  September  9, 
1861. 

On  the  expiration  of  his  graduating  leave  he  was  assigned  to 
Governor's  Island,  where  he  had  station  until  after  his  transfer  to 
the  Sixth  Infantry.  He  then  proceeded  to  California  and  served 
at  Fort  Crook  and  Bcnicia  Barracks  during  the  years  1S60-G1,  and 
was  the  adjutant  of  the  regiment  from  July  to  September,  1861.  He 
served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1S61-62  ; 
participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill, 


306  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  summer  of 
1862, 

He  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  and  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to 
Warrenton,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  July  2, 
1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg. 

He  was  stationed  in  Xew  York  Harbor  from  August,  1863,  to 
January,  1864,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  as  a  mustering  and 
disbursing  officer,  and  served  in  that  capacity  until  April,  1865, 
and  had  stations  at  Elmira,  Philadelphia,  and  Detroit.  He  then 
served  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina  until  June,  1866,  when  he 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  visited  Europe.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  April,  1867,  and  served  in  the 
Carolinas  until  March,  1869,  and  had  stations  at  Charleston, 
Wilmington,  and  Florence. 

He  was  then  ordered  to  the  frontier,  and  served  at  Fori. 
Gibson,  Indian  Territory,  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  and  Crawfordsville 
and  Girard,  Kan.,  until  January  1,  1871,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Sixth  Cavalry  and  continued  to  serve  in  Kansas, 
Texas,  and  the  Indian  Territory,  where  he  had  considerable  field- 
service,  until  August  13,  1874,  when  he  relinquished  the  command 
of  his  company  at  Kingfisher's  Creek,  Indian  Territory,  having 
been  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  August 
1,  1874.  He  served  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  from  January  to  April, 
1874,  as  a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  convened  to  report  upon 
changes,  if  any,  to  be  made  in  horse-equipments,  and  continued  on 
duty  in  the  Department  of  the  Missouri  until  the  regiment  arrived 
at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  the  companies  were  assigned  to  stations, 
and  on  the  7th  of  September,  1875,  he  assumed  command  of  Fort 
Gibson,  Indian  Territory,  where  he  served  until  June  6,  1876,  when 
he  was  ordered  to  field-service  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte. 
He  joined  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  on  the  10th  of  June 
and  served  in  the  District  of  the  Black  Hills  and  with  the  Big 
Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  until  the  following  October,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  combat  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo., 
the  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.,  and  commanded  the  rear-guard 
(a  battalion  of  the  regiment)  in  the  second  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes 
on  the  morning  of  the  10th  of  September.     He  was  assigned,  at  the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  307 

end  of  the  campaign,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  served 
until  the  24th  of  November,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  the  24th  of  January,  1877.  He  was  then  assigned 
to  special  duty  in  the  Indian  Department  for  the  purpose  of 
investigating  the  management  of  the  Union  Agency  in  the  Indian 
Territory,  and  was  thus  employed  until  the  26th  of  June,  when 
he  resumed  his  leave  of  absence  and  again  visited  Europe.  He 
returned  to  the  United  States  in  June,  1878.  and  commanded  Fort 
Washakie,  in  North-western  Wyoming,  from  August,  1878,  to 
April,  1880,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Niobrara,  a  new 
four-company  post  in  Northern  Nebraska.  He  joined  his  troops 
at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  and  conducted  them  by  rail  to  Grand 
Island,  and  marched  thence  by  the  way  of  Fort  Hartsuff  to 
the  site  of  the  new  post,  where  he  exercised  the  command 
until  June,  1881,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  December.  He  was  then  assigned  to  the  school  of  applica- 
tion at  Fort  Leavenworth,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  Executive 
officer. 


17.  Verling  K.  Hart  was  born  in  Indiana,  and  was  appointed, 
from  that  State,  a  captain  in  the  Nineteenth  Infantry  October  30, 
1861.  He  was  assigned,  in  February,  1862,  to  the  first  battalion 
of  that  regiment ;  commanded  his  company  until  Jnly,  when  he 
was  assigned  to  recruiting  service,  having  stations  at  Richmond, 
Ind.,  and  Quincy,  111.,  until  February,  1863.  He  then  rejoined  his 
company  at  Murfreesboro,  Tenn.  ;  participated  in  the  Chattanooga 
campaign ;  served  at  Elk  River  Bridge,  Camp  Scribner,  and 
Stevenson,  Ala.  ;  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Hoover's  Gap 
and  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  where  he  was  captured  and  held 
as  a  prisoner  of  war  until  December,  1864,  when  he  made  his 
escape  to  the  National  lines  and  was  granted  a  leave  of  absence 
until  February,  1865.  He  was  then  employed  on  recruiting  service 
at  Detroit  and  Newport  Barracks  until  he  was  transferred  to  the 
Thirty-seventh  Infantry,  to  date  from  September  21,  1866.  He 
was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  September  20,  1863,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  and 


308  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  March  13, 18G5,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion. 

He  was  transferred  to  the  Third  Infantry,  by  consolidation,  to 
date  from  August  11,  1869,  and  was  afterwards  transferred  to  the 
Seventh  Cavalry,  to  date  from  January  1,  1871.  He  served  from 
1866  to  1871  in  the  Indian  Territory,  Kansas,  Colorado,  and  New 
Mexico,  having  stations  at  Forts  Gibson,  Arbuckle,  Harker,  Win- 
gate,  Garland,  and  Larned. 

He  joined  the  Seventh  Cavalry  at  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1871,  and  after  a  leave  of  absence  rejoined  at  Chester,  S.  C. ; 
served  with  his  company  in  North  Carolina,  having  stations  at 
Rutherfordton,  Lincolnton,  and  Charlotte  until  March  15,  1873, 
when  he  was  ordered  to  the  Department  of  Dakota.  He  arrived 
at  Yaukton  on  the  11th  of  April,  1873,  whence  he  marched  with  a 
battalion  of  his  regiment  to  Fort  Eice,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
10th  of  June.  He  marched  from  that  station,  ten  days  later,  with 
the  Yellowstone  expedition,  and  upon  arrival  at  the  river  his  com- 
pany was  detached  with  other  troops  for  the  purpose  of  establishing 
and  guarding  a  supply-camp  at  what  was  known  as  "  the  stockade." 
He  continued  to  serve  with  the  main  column  until  the  10th  of 
September,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  and  marched  to  Fort 
Abraham  Lincoln,  and  thence  to  Fort  Eice  for  winter  quarters. 
He  served  with  the  expedition  of  1874  to  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota, 
which  started  from  Fort  Abraham  Lincoln  on  the  2d  of  July  and 
returned  on  the  30th  of  August,  when  he  again  marched  to  Fort 
Eice  for  winter  quarters. 

He  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  in  July,  1875,  and 
while  thus  absent  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  December  2,  1875.  He  was  on  special  duty  in  con- 
nection with  the  Centennial  Exposition  of  1876  until  the  19th  of 
December,  when  he  was  ordered  to  join  the  regiment  in  the  De- 
partment of  the  Platte.  He  arrived  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb., 
January  14, 1877,  where  he  served  until  June,  when  he  was  ordered 
to  Northern  Wyoming  for  field-service  with  a  battalion  of  the  regi- 
ment, and  continued  on  that  duty  until  December,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  had  station  until  the  next 
May  ;  he  was  employed  in  January,  1878,  with  a  detachment  of 
the  regiment  in  the  capture  of  a  band  of  disaffected  Bannack 
Indians  at  the  Eoss  Fork  Agency  in  Idaho. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  309 

He  accompanied  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  in  May,  1878,  to 
Northern  Wyoming,  and  served  with  it  until  October,  when  lie 
was  assigned  to  Fort  McKinney,  where  he  arrived  in  November, 
and  commanded  the  station  until  August,  1879.  He  was  then  or- 
dered to  Cheyenne  on  general  court-martial  service,  and  thereafter 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  November,  when  he 
joined  a  detachment  of  the  regiment  at  Rawlins  and  accompanied  it 
to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  served  until  April  29,  1880,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Laramie,  where  he  arrived  on  the  2d 
of  May,  and  had  station  until  June,  1882,  when  he  was  assigned 
to  the  command  of  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.  He  availed  himself,  in 
September,  of  a  leave  of  absence  for  three  months,  and  is  now 
assigned,  upon  the  expiration  of  his  leave  of  absence,  to  the 
command  of  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo. 


18.  Edwix  V.  Sumner  (a  son  of  Brigadier-General  Edwin  V. 
Sumner)  was  born  at  Carlisle,  Pa.  He  was  engaged  in  civil 
pursuits  when  the  government  called  for  volunteers  to  suppress 
the  Rebellion,  and  at  once  offered  his  services  as  first  sergeant 
of  Company  B  in  a  battalion  known  as  the  "  Clay  Guards," 
which  was  organized  in  April,  1861,  at  Washington,  D.  C,  for 
duty  at  the  White  House,  the  United  States  treasury,  and  other 
public  buildings. 

He  was  appointed,  from  at  large,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  First 
Dragoons  (now  First  Cavalry),  August  5, 1SG1,  and  was  promoted,  in 
his  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  November  12,  1861,  and  a  captain 
September  23,  1863.  He  declined  the  appointment  of  major  in 
the  Second  California  Cavalry  September  10,  1861. 

He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter 
of  18G1-62,  and  in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns 
as  an  aide-de-camp  to  Brigadier-General  George  Stoneman,  Chief  of 
Cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of 
Williamsburg,  and  served  with  the  advance-guard  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  during  the  movement  towards  Richmond,  and  was 
engaged  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy — notably  at 
Slatersville,  White  House,  New  Bridge,  and  Mechanicsville — and 
in  the  seven  days'  battles  during  the  change  of  base  to  the  James 


310  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Eiver.  Ho  participated  in  the  closing  operations  of  the  Maryland 
campaign,  and  served  with  General  Stoneman  as  an  aide-de-camp 
of  the  Third  Army  Corps,  at  Poolsville,  Md.,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  hattle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  accompanied  the  general,  April 
and  May,  1863,  in  his  celebrated  raid  towards  Eichmond.  He 
was  appointed  an  additional  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  with  the 
rank  of  major,  to  date  from  May  19,  1863,  and  continued  to  serve 
with  the  Third  Army  Corps  until  September,  when  he  was  honor- 
ably discharged  from  that  grade,  to  date  from  August  15,  1863. 
He  then  joined  his  regiment,  and  served  during  the  winter  of 
1863-64  on  the  line  of  the  Eapidan  and  until  after  the  battles  in 
the  Wilderness,  and  was  engaged  at  Culpepper  Court-House,  Mine 
Eun,  and  in  several  affairs  on  the  Eappahannock  and  the  Eapidan, 
and  in  General  Grant's  first  campaign  in  the  Wilderness,  including 
the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  where  he  was  twice  wounded  and 
compelled  to  retire  from  the  field.  He  returned  to  duty  in  July, 
1864,  and  served  for  a  time  in  the  Cavalry  Bureau,  and  afterwards 
as  a  special  inspector  of  cavalry  in  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah. 
He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  First  New  York  Mounted  Eifles, 
to  date  from  September  8,  1864,  and  served  with  the  Army  of  the 
James  until  the  end  of  the  war,  and  was  engaged  in  several  actions 
on  the  lines  in  front  of  Eichmond.  His  regiment  was  selected  in 
March,  1865,  by  General  Grant  to  cut  the  railroad  communication 
between  the  left  of  the  National  army  at  Petersburg  and  General 
Johnston's  army  in  North  Carolina.  He  crossed  the  Chowan  Eiver 
and  cut  the  railroad  at  Weldon,  and  had  an  engagement  with  the 
enemy  near  Jackson.  The  battles  about  Petersburg  and  Five  Forks 
were  then  taking  place,  and  his  brilliant  movement  did  not  become 
so  conspicuous  as  it  deserved  to  be  ;  but  his  success  would  have 
proved  of  the  utmost  importance  if  the  National  forces  had  been 
unsuccessful  in  these  battles,  as  the  movement  was  planned  and 
carried  into  execution  to  guard  against  such  a  possible  result. 

He  was  assigned,  after  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  to  the  command  of  a  district  in  Virginia,  which  he 
exercised  until  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service,  to  date 
from  November  29,  1865.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date 
from  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Todd's  Tavern  ;  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from 
March   13,    1865,    for   gallant    and    meritorious    services   during 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  311 

the  war  of  the  Rebellion;  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers, to  date  from  March  13,  L865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  field,  lie  received,  on  several  occasions,  compli- 
mentary mention  in  the  reports  of  General  Stoneman,  and  was 
recommended  by  General  Ord,  commanding  the  Army  of  the 
James,   for  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers. 

He  joined  bis  company  on  the  Pacific  coast  in  April,  18G6, 
where  he  served  (except  two  years  of  recruiting  service  at  Carlisle 
and  New  York)  nearly  fourteen  years.  He  had  stations  at  Drum 
Barracks,  Camp  Independence,  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  and  Fort 
Lapwai ;  participated  in  the  Modoc,  Nez  Perces,  and  Bannack  wars 
and  in  the  campaign  in  South-east  Nevada.  He  served  during 
the  Modoc  campaign  of  1872-73  as  an  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general  and  aide-de-camp  for  Brevet  Major-General  Jefferson  C. 
Davis,  and  thereafter  for  one  year  as  an  acting  assistant  inspector- 
general  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-General  Oliver  0.  Howard.  He 
operated,  during  the  Nez  Perces  campaign  of  1877,  near  Mt. 
Idaho,  with  Major  John  Green's  command,  and  was  engaged 
during  the  Bannack  campaign  of  1878  in  the  combat  at  Blue 
Mountain,  Idaho. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  4,  1879,  and  joined  the  regiment  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  On  the  17th  of  July,  serving  at  the  station  until  the  1st 
of  October,  when  he  marched  to  the  relief  of  the  besieged  troops 
on  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  and  participated  in  raising  the  siege  and 
action  at  that  place  on  the  5th  of  October.  He  then  marched  to 
White  River,  Col.,  where  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  a 
battalion  of  the  regiment,  and  encamped  there  until  the  27th  of 
December,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  ;  he  re- 
joined at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  in  March,  1880,  and  in  May  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort  Robinson.  Neb.,  which  he  re- 
tained until  December,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence,  and  soon  thereafter  was  assigned  to  general  court-martial 
service  in  New  York  City,  which  continued  until  June,  1881, 
when  he  rejoined  his  station,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  post 
commander. 


312  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ASSISTANT   SURGEON. 

1.  George  L.  Porter  was  born  in  Concord,  N.  H.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  New  London  (N.  H.)  Academy  in  June, 
1855  ;  from  the  Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  I.,  in  Septem- 
ber, 1859  ;  from  the  Jefferson  Medical  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 
in  March,  1862,  and  passed  the  examination  of  the  Army  Medical 
Examining  Board  April  29,  1862. 

He  was  assigned  to  duty  as  a  "  proof  candidate"  at  the  general 
hospital  at  Strasburg,  Va.,  and  reported  to  Major- General  Banks 
May  10,  1862.  When  the  National  army  retreated  down  the 
Shenandoah  Valley  on  the  25th  of  May  he  volunteered  to  remain 
with  the  sick  and  wounded,  and  was  captured  by  Colonel  Ashby, 
of  tJie'Virginia  Cavalry,  but  General  "  Stonewall "  Jackson  at  once 
reinstated  him  in  charge  of  the  hospital  and  also  requested  him  to 
care  for  the  Confederate  wounded.  This  was  one  of  the  earliest 
instances,  if  not  the  first,  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  of  the  recog- 
nition of  the  right  of  medical  officers  to  claim  the  protection  of 
the  rales  of  war  governing  non-belligerents.  For  his  conduct  at 
this  time  he  received  honorable  mention  in  the  official  reports  of 
the  Division  and  Department  Commanders  and  a  commendatory 
letter  from  the  Surgeon-General  of  the  Army.  When  the  Con- 
federates were  driven  up  the  Valley  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the 
wounded  of  both  armies,  and  was  kindly  treated  by  the  people  of 
Strasburg,  who  generously  furnished  the  hospital  with  necessary 
provisions,  until  the  town  was  retaken  by  General  Fremont. 

After  the  battle  of  Cross-Keys,  Va.,  he  established  a  general 
hospital  for  the  Germans  of  Blenker's  division.  On  the  12th  of 
June  he  was  transferred  to-  the  general  hospital  at  Winchester,  Va., 
and  on  the  1st  of  July  he  was  assigned  to  Best's  Battery  (F, 
Fourth  Artillery),  and  served  with  it  during  the  summer  of  1862. 
He  was  present  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain,  the  combats 
along  the  Rappahannock,  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  the 
battle  of  South  Mountain. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Pennsylvania,  July  17,  1862,  an  assist- 
ant surgeon,  U.  S.  Army,  with  the  rank  of  a  first  lieutenant. 

He  served  in  the  general  hospital  at  Braddock  Barracks, 
Frederick,  Md.,  from  the  17th  of  September  to  the  18th  of  No- 
vember,  1862,  when   he   was   ordered   to  join  the  Army  of   the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  313 

Potomac  at  Falmouth,  Va.  lie  was  then  assigned  to  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  and  served  with  the  regiment  until  May  10,  18G4  ;  was 
present  at  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg  (was  in  the  town  with  the 
wounded  during  the  night),  Beverly  Ford,  Gettysburg,  Brandy 
Station,  and  Todd's  Tavern  ;  the  engagements  at  Fleming's  Cross- 
Roads  and  Manassas  Gap;  the  actions  at  Kelly's  Ford,  .Middle- 
town,  Upperville,  Williamsport,  Boonsboro  (wounded  in  the  left 
arm  by  a  fragment  of  a  shell),  Funkstown,  Falling  Waters,  and 
Beaver  Dam  ;  the  skirmishes  at  Warren  ton,  Ashby's  Gap,  Front 
Royal,  Culpepper  Court-House,  and  Morton's  Ford. 

He  was  relieved,  by  a  War  Department  order,  on  the  29th  of 
April,  18G4,  from  duty  with  the  regiment,  and  ordered  to  report 
at  Washington  ;  but  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  severed  its  con- 
nection with  the  railway  before  the  order  was  received,  and  for  a 
time  the  army  had  no  communication  with  the  Capital,  and  he 
therefore  served  by  necessity,  as  well  as  by  inclination,  with  the 
regiment  in  the  Wilderness  campaign.  He  was  fearless  in  the  dis- 
charge of  his  duty  on  the  field  of  battle,  and  was  frequently  exposed 
to  personal  peril.  He  was  always  with  the  regiment  when  it  was 
engaged  with  the  enemy,  and  had  many  applications  from  his 
orderlies  to  be  returned  to  their  companies,  as  the  service  there 
was  seemingly  less  dangerous  than  to  remain  with  him.  He  often 
performed  important  surgical  operations  on  the  field  and  under  a 
heavy  fire.  He  enjoyed  the  good-will  and  cordial  esteem  of  the 
Regular  Cavalry  Brigade. 

In  referring  to  his  services  with  the  regiment,  Captain  Mason 
addressed  the  board  of  officers  on  staff  brevets  as  follows : 
"  During  this  time  the  regiment  was  engaged  in  many  battles, 
losing  heavily  in  killed  and  wounded.  Assistant  Surgeon  Porter's 
faithfulness  to  the  sick  and  wounded  is  gratefully  remembered  by  the 
officers  and  men;  and  his  conspicuous  gallantry  during  the  battles 
of  Upperville,  Aldie,  Gettysburg,  Williamsport,  Funkstown,  and 
Brandy  Station,  where  he  took  the  dead  and  wounded  almost  from 
the  hands  of  the  enemy,  entitles  him  to  the  greatest  praise  and 
consideration.  He  was  under  my  command  during  all  the  above- 
mentioned  battles,  and  for  his  gallant  conduct  and  faithful  and 
intelligent  services  he  is  justly  entitled  to  a  brevet  captaincy  and  a 
brevet  majority." 

After    the    battles  in    the   Wilderness  he  remained  with    the 


314  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

wounded  at  Fredericksburg  for  a  few  days,  and  was  then  sent,  in 
charge  of  the  first  train  of  wounded,  to  Belle  Plain,  whence  he 
proceeded  with  dispatches  to  Washington.  He  served  as  post  sur- 
geon at  Washington  Arsenal  from  May,  1864,  to  May,  1867.  He 
was  the  only  commissioned  officer  present  at  the  burial  of  the  body 
of  Booth;  and  during  the  imprisonment,  in  the  old  penitentiary 
building,  of  the  conspirators  against  President  Lincoln  and  the 
members  of  his  cabinet,  he  had  medical  charge,  was  present  at  the 
hanging  of  four  of  them,  and  accompanied  the  remaining  con- 
spirators to  Tortugas. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  captain  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from 
March  13,  1865,  for  faithful,  gallant,  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  field  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion.  He  was  ordered,  in 
May,  1867,  to  report  at  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  was  assigned  to 
duty  at  Camp  Cook,  Mon.,  where,  after  many  vicissitudes  by 
field  and  flood,  he  reported  on  the  27th  of  August.  He  served, 
during  the  spring  of  1868,  with  an  expedition  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Musselshell  River,  and  during.  April  and  May,  in  addition  to 
his  medical  duties,  volunteered  for,  and  served  regular  tours 
as,  "  officer  of  the  day "  to  relieve  the  line  officers,  who  were 
greatly  overworked  by  the  constant  presence  of  hostile  Indians. 
He  tendered  his  resignation,  to  take  effect  on  the  16th  of  July, 
1868  ;  but  as  no  medical  officer  had  then  reported,  he  continued  on 
duty  until  the  arrival  of  his  successor.  He  then  crossed  the  con- 
tinent, traveling  alone,  over  Lewis  and  Clarke's  trails,  and  returned 
to  the  Eastern  States  by  the  Isthmus  route.  He  is  now  located 
as  a  practising  surgeon  and  physician  at  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  and 
has  recently  presented  to  the  medical  profession  a  rare  variety  of 
urinary  calculi,  a  xanthic  oxide,  taken  from  a  patient  under  his 
care ;  as  it  is  the  only  one  of  this  chemical  composition  ever 
recognized  in  America,  he  deposited  half  of  the  specimen  in  the 
Army  Medical  Museum. 

He  has  served  as  president  of  the  Medical  Society,  the  Library, 
and  the  Board  of  Health  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  ;  as  an  inspector 
of  the  Insane  Retreat  at  Hartford,  Conn.  ;  as  a  director  in  the 
National  Rubber  Company,  and  is  now  a  member  of  the  American 
National  Medical  Association. 


MILITARY  RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  31; 


CHAPLAIN. 

1.  J.  II.  Mitchell  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  as  a 
chaplain,  on  the  31st  of  January,  1863,  and  served  with  the  regi- 
ment in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  the  14th  of  March,  when 
he  was  granted  an  indefinite  leave  of  absence.  He  tendered  his 
resignation  because  of  physical  disability,  and  was  honorably  dis- 
charged from  the  service  of  the  United  States  by  a  War  Depart- 
ment order  dated  October  27,  1863. 


CAPTAINS. 

5.  George  Stoxeman  was  born  in  Chautauqua  County,  New 
York.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  t lie  1st 
of  July,  1846,  and  assigned  to  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First 
Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that 
regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  July  12,  1847,  and  a  first  lieutenant 
July  25,  1854.  He  served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  quartermaster  of 
the  battalion  of  Iowa  (Mormon)  Volunteers  from  October,  1840,  to 
February,  1847,  and  marched  with  the  battalion  from  Fort  Leaven- 
worth to  San  Diego,  Cal.,  and  served  on  the  Pacific  coast  until 
1855,  and  had  stations  at  the  Presidio  of  San  Francisco,  Sonoma, 
Benicia,  and  Fort  Orford.  He  was  engaged  in  Indian  combats  at 
Clear  Lake  and  Russian  River,  Cal.,  during  the  year  1850,  partici- 
pated in  the  operations  against  the  Coquille  Indians  in  1851,  served 
with  the  Gila  expedition  of  1851-52,  and  was  engaged  in  several 
combats  with  the  enemy.  He  commanded,  from  November,  L852, 
to  June,  1854,  the  escorts  to  Williamson's  topographical  party  in 
the  Sierra  Nevada -and  Parke's  railroad  surveys  through  Arizona 
and  Texas.  He  was  adjutant  of  the  First  Dragoons  from  October 
22,  1854,  to  March  3,  1855,  and  was  serving  as  an  aide-de-camp  to 
Brevet  Major-General  Wool,  commanding  the  Department  of  the 
Pacific,  when  he  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  joined  his  company  at 
Jefferson  Barracks  on  the  26th  of  August,  and  served  at  that  sta- 
tion until  October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas, 
and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  1856,  where  he  had  station 
until  December  10,  1857.     He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 


316  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

absence  and  visited  Europe.  He  returned  to  Texas  in  the  spring 
of  1859,  and  resumed  the  command  of  his  company  on  the  7th  of 
April,  and  entered  upon  a  tour  of  field-service  towards  the  Upper 
Pecos  Eiver  and  Guadalupe  Mountains.  He  was  assigned,  in 
December,  1859,  to  field-service  against  the  Cortinas  outlaws,  who 
were  committing  depredations  on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  participated 
in  the  engagements  at  "The  Ebonal,"  near  Brownsville,  on  the  14th 
of  December,  and  at  Eio  Grande  City,  near  Ringgold  Barracks,  on 
the  27th  of  December.  In  the  last-named  engagement  his  com- 
pany drove  a  large  force  of  the  enemy  across  the  river.  He  w:as 
then  assigned  with  a  scp^adron  (E  and  G)  to  the  duty  of  guarding 
about  one  hundred  miles  of  the  Rio  Grande,  and  continued  on  field- 
service,  and  had  temporary  camps  and  stations  at  different  places 
on  the  river,  until  March  20,  1861.  He  made  arrangements,  in 
March,  18G0,  to  surprise  the  town  of  La  Mesa,  three  miles  beyond 
the  border,  and  capture  Cortinas,  and  on  the  night  of  the  15th  he 
moved,  on  his  own  responsibility,  with  a  squadron  of  the  regiment 
(E  and  G)  and  seventy-five  State  troops,  and,  having  crossed  the 
Rio  Grande,  he  marched  to  the  assault  of  the  town  at  daybreak  on 
the  16th.  After  capturing  the  place  and  about  three  hundred  sol- 
diers he  was  informed  that  he  had  received  the  surrender  of  a  garri- 
son of  Mexican  regulars.  The  prisoners  were  at  once  released  with 
many  apologies  for  the  mistake.  He  was  soon  confronted  by  a 
large  force  of  Mexican  troops  and  ordered  to  leave  the  country, 
but  refused  to  do  so  until  he  had  made  another  effort  to  capture 
Cortinas,  and  he  succeeded  in  searching  the  country  for  twenty 
miles  in  the  interior  before  he  received  orders  to  return  to  the 
American  side  of  the  Rio  Grande,  which  he  did  on  the  20th,  after 
an  absence  of  five  days  in  the  Mexican  territory.  The  affair  created 
a  great  excitement  on  the  border,  but  nothing  serious  came  of  it. 

He  was  serving  with  his  command  on  the  Rio  Grande  when  the 
Texas  insurgents  passed  their  ordinance  of  secession.  He  made 
efforts,  in  connection  with  other  officers,  to  unite  the  troops  and 
march  northward  through  the  Indian  Territory,  making  Fort 
Leavenworth  or  Jefferson  Barracks  the  objective  point  ;  but  it  was 
found  impossible  to  do  anything,  as  the  transportation  had  been 
removed  from  the  Northern  posts  and  the  subsistence  stores  on  hand 
were  only  sufficient  to  supply  the  troops  for  the  march  to  Indianola. 
He  refused,  however,  to  surrender  the  government  property  in  his 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  317 

charge,  and,  taking  all  that  he  could  with  him,  started  on  the 
steamboal  Mustang  for  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  evening  of  the  20th  of  March,  1861;  the  next 
morning  he  embarked  his  command  on  the  steamship  Arizona 
and  sailed  for  Indianola,  where  lie  arrived  two  days  later.  He 
embarked  with  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  on  the  31st 
of  March  on  the  steamship  Goatzacoalcos ;  sailed  for  New  York 
Harbor,  and  moved  thence  to  Carlisle,  where  the  troops  arrived 
on  the  13th  of  April.  A  few  days  thereafter  he  proceeded  to 
Washington,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city  during  May 
and  June,  1861,  being  in  command  of  the  cavalry  advance,  con- 
sisting of  three  companies  of  the  regiment  (B,  E,  and  I),  across 
Long  Bridge  for  the  capture  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  which  was  ac- 
complished on  the  23d  of  May,  1861. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  May  9,  1861,  and  served  on  the  staff  of  Major-General 
McClellan  at  Washington  and  in  Western  Virginia  as  an  acting 
assistant  inspector-general  from  the  20th  of  June  to  the  13th  of 
August,  1861,  when  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers and  chief  of  cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  served 
as  chief  of  cavalry  until  the  fall  of  1862,  and  proved  at  that  early 
day  what  General  Sherman  said  of  him  years  afterwards— that  he 
"  was  a  cavalry  soldier  of  high  repute."  The  difficult  duties  in- 
trusted to  him  were  efficiently  performed.  He  overcame,  so  far  as 
it  was  possible,  continuous  and  vexatious  obstacles  arising  from 
the  great  deficiency  of  cavalry  arms  and  equipments  and  the  in- 
efficiency of  many  of  the  regimental  officers  wdio  were  first  ap- 
pointed, and  when  the  army  was  ordered  to  move,  on  the  10th 
of  March,  1863,  he  had  succeeded  in  organizing  a  valuable  cav- 
alry force  which  was  capable  of  achieving  excellent  results,  if  a 
wise  judgment  had  controlled  the  use  of  it. 

General  Stoneman  made  a  reconnaissance  on  the  14th  of  Maroh, 
1862,  with  a  large  force  of  cavalry  and  some  infantry  along  the 
Orange  and  Alexandria  Railway,  about  fourteen  miles  beyond  .Ma- 
nassas and  towards  Warrenton,  to  determine  the  position  of  the 
enemy,  and.  if  possible,  to  force  his  rear  across  the  Rappahannock  ; 
but  the  roads  were  in  such  a  bad  condition  and  the  streams  BO 
flooded  that,  having  obtained  the  desired  information,  he  halted 
upon  reaching  Cedar  Run,  where  he  had  a  skirmish  with  the  enemy, 


318  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

after  which  his  command  bivouacked  on  a  hillside  near  by  vmtil 
the  next  morning,  when  lie  offered  battle,  which  was  declined, 
whereupon  he  returned  without  serious  molestation  to  Union  Mills. 
General  Stoneman  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  cam- 
paign of  1862,  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  and  upon 
the  evacuation  of  that  place  his  command  of  cavalry  and  horse 
artillery,  in  pursuing  and  overtaking  the  retreating  enemy,  brought 
on  the  battle  of  Williamsburg.  He  commanded  the  advance-guard 
in  the  movement  towards  Richmond  after  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg, and  until  the  28th  of  May,  when  he  was  placed  under  the 
orders  of  General  Porter.  During  these  eventful  days  he  demon- 
strated the  value  of  the  cavalry  in  the  skirmishes  at  Slatersville, 
White  House,  New  Bridge,  and  Mechanics ville.  He  made  a  bal- 
loon reconnaissance  at  Gaines's  Mill  on  the  21st  of  May,  in  com- 
pany with  Professor  Lowe,  and,  having  gained  an  altitude  of  five 
hundred  feet,  obtained  a  complete  view  of  Richmond,  and,  with 
the  aid  of  a  field-glass,  discovered  large  bodies  of  troops  to  the  left 
of  the  city  and  on  the  line  of  the  road  leading  to  Bottom's  Bridge. 
During  the  subsequent  operations  his  communication  with  the 
main  army  was  cut  off  and  he  retired  to  the  White  House,  and 
thence  to  Yorktown  when  the  White  House  was  evacuated.  He 
commanded,  after  the  second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  the  First  Division 
of  the  Third  Army  Corps,  and  afterwards  succeeded  to  the  command 
of  the  corps.  He  participated  in  the  closing  operations  of  the 
Maryland  campaign,  and  in  October,  18G2,  had  his  headquarters 
at  Poolesville,  and  occupied  with  his  division  the  fords  on  the  river 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy,  with  the  cavalry  well  out  on  the 
approaches  from  the  direction  of  Frederick,  so  as  to  give  him  time 
to  mass  his  troops  at  any  ford  where  the  enemy  might  attempt  to 
cross  the  Potomac  in  his  vicinity.  His  arrangements  were  excellent, 
but,  because  of  the  inertness  of  other  commanders,  the  enemy's 
cavalry  succeeded  in  escaping  into  Virginia  without  serious  loss. 
He  was  appointed  a  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from 
November  29,  1862.  He  commanded  the  Third  Corps  at  Fred- 
ericksburg, December  13,  1862,  where  he  won  the  brevet  of 
colonel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  was  assigned, 
in  January,  1863,  to  the  command  of  the  Cavalry  Corps  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  as  reorganized  by  Major-General  Hooker, 
and  in  April  and  May  made  his  celebrated  cavalry  raid  towards 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  319 

Richmond.  lie  moved  within  the  enemy's  lines  for  nine  clays  with 
a  force  of  about  five  thousand  men,  and  disabled  every  line  of 
communication  between  the  Rappahannock  and  Richmond,  and 
destroyed  bridges,  culverts,  ferries,  railroads,  canals,  and  supply- 
trains,  while  a  part  of  his  force  was  within  two  miles  of  Richmond, 
which  was  the  nearest  approach  of  any  considerable  body  of  Na- 
tional troops  to  that  date.  The  Secretary  of  War  commended  his 
operations  as  a  brilliant  success.  He  served  as  Chief  of  the 
Cavalry  Bureau  at  Washington  from  July  18,  18G3,  to  January 
28,  1864,  when  he  was  assigned,  by  direction  of  the  President, 
to  the  command  of  the  Twenty-third  Army  Corps,  which  he  re- 
tained until  April  4,  18G4,  when,  upon  the  reorganization  of  the 
armies  operating  against  Richmond,  he  was  assigned  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Cavalry  Corps  in  the  Department  of  the  Ohio  and 
participated  in  the  operations  of  the  Atlanta  campaign  until  July 
31,  1864,  during  which,  he  was  conspicuously  aggressive,  and  per- 
formed valuable  and  important  services.  On  the  26th  of  July  he 
obtained  permission  to  make  a  cavalry  raid  to  Macon  for  the  pur- 
pose of  releasing  a  large  number  of  National  prisoners,  and  then 
march  to  Andersonville  for  a  similar  purpose.  He  crossed  the 
Ocmulgee  River  near  Covington,  and  marched  down  the  east 
bank  until  he  arrived  at  Clinton,  when  he  sent  out  detachments 
which  struck  the  railroad  at  Griswold  Station  and  destroyed  a  large 
number  of  cars  and  locomotives,  and,  after  burning  the  bridge 
across  the  Oconee,  he  reunited  his  division  before  Macon  and 
shelled  the  town  from  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  and  then 
started  to  Clinton,  where  he  arrived  on  the  31st  of  July,  and 
found  his  retreat  obstructed.  He  at  once  decided  to  sacrifice 
himself  for  the  safety  of  his  command  by  occupying  the  attention 
of  the  enemy  with  a  small  force,  so  as  to  give  the  brigade  com- 
manders an  opportunity  to  retreat  towards  Atlanta.  One  brigade 
came  in  entire,  but  the  others  met  with  adversities  and  came  in  by 
detachments.  He  surrendered  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  and  was  held 
until  October  27,  1864,  when  he  was  exchanged,  and  returned  to 
duty  in  temporary  command  of  the  Department  of  the  Ohio,  and 
in  December,  1864,  he  conducted  a  cavalry  raid  into  South-west 
Virginia  and  engaged  the  enemy  in  the  actions  of  Kingsport  (kill- 
ing, capturing,  and  dispersing  Duke's  command),  Bristol,  Wythc- 
ville,  Marion  (where  he  nearly  annihilated  Morgan's  forces),  and 


320  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Saltville.  Iu  these  operations  he  completely  paralyzed  the  efforts  of 
the  enemy  to  disturb  the  peace  and  safety  of  East  Tennessee.  He 
then  commanded  the  District  of  East  Tennessee  from  February  14 
to  March  20,  1865,  when  he  made  another  raid  into  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  and  fought  the  enemy  at  Wytheville  and  Salisbury, 
and  destroyed  the  Lynchburg  and  Bristol  Railroad  and  the  North 
Carolina  Central  Eailroad,  and  captured  the  garrisons  at  Salisbury, 
Charlotte,  Morganton,  and  Ashville.  This  was  the  longest  and 
most  important  cavalry  raid  of  the  war,  and  had  many  exciting 
passages  in  it,  and  fully  established  his  reputation  for  that  kind 
of  warfare.  He  commanded  the  Department  of  Tennessee  from 
June  27,  1865,  to  June  5,  1866  ;  the  Department  of  the  Cumber- 
land from  June  9  to  August  13, 1866;  and  the  District  of  the  Cum- 
berland from  August  13  to  September  1, 1866,  when  he  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service.  He  was  made  a  brevet  brigadier-general, 
to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  capture  of  Charlotte,  N.  C,  and  a  brevet  major-general,  to  date 
from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
field  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion. 

He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Third  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  March  30,  1861,  but  never  joined,  as  he  continued  to 
serve  in  volunteer  commission  until  he  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  Twenty-first  Infantry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866. 

He  joined  his  regiment  at  Petersburg,  Va.,  December  19,  1866, 
and  commanded  the  sub-district  of  Petersburg  until  June,  1868, 
when  he  assumed  the  command  of  the  First  Military  District  (Vir- 
ginia), which  he  retained  until  April,  1869.  Upon  the  consolidation 
of  the  Twenty-first  and  Thirty-second  Infantry,  March  3,  1869,  to 
be  known  as  the  Twenty-first  Infantry,  he  wras  retained  as  the 
colonel,  and,  starting  from  Richmond  on  the  20th  of  April,  1869, 
joined  his  regiment  at  the  Presidio  of  San  Francisco  on  the  11th 
of  May,  1869,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Drum  Barracks,  and  com- 
manded the  station  and  the  District  of  Arizona  from  August  16, 
1869,  to  March  30,  1870,  and  the  Department  of  Arizona  from 
May  3,  1870,  to  June  4,  1871.  He  relinquished  the  command  of 
his  regiment  July  4,  1870,  and  was  retired  from  active  service 
August  16,  1871,  for  disability  contracted  in  the  line  of  duty.  He 
made  a  home  at  San  Gabriel,  in  Los  Angeles  County,  Cal.,  and 
devoted  his  attention,  with  marked  success,  to  the  culm  re  of  the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICEKS. 


321 


grape  and  orange.  He  was  appointed  by  the  President  in  1879  a 
member  of  the  Board  of  Indian  Commissioners,  and  he  served 
nearly  a  full  term  of  four  years  as  one  of  the  Railroad  Commis 
sioners  of  the  State  of  California.  He  resigned  from  the  retired 
list  of  the  army  on  the  loth  of  September,  1882,  because  he  was  a 
candidate  for  governor  of  California,  to  which  office  he  was  elected 
by  a  large  majority  on  the  7th  of  November,  1882,  for  a  term  of 
four  years  beginning  January  1,  1883. 


0.  Theodore  O'llARAwas  born  at  Danville,  Ky.,in  1820.  His 
father,  who  was  an  eminent  classic  scholar  and  a  doctor  of  law, 
emigrated  from  Ireland  and  settled  in  Kentucky,  where  he  lived 
an  honored  and  respected  life,  and  died  gratefully  remembered  as 
having  helped  to  mould  some  of  the  most  brilliant  minds  which 
that  State  has  produced.  The  son  was  a  ripe  scholar  and  a  modest 
gentleman. 

He  served  in  the  Mexican  War  as  an  assistant  epiartermaster 
witli  the  rank  of  captain,  to  date  from  June  26,  184G.  He  was 
desperately  wounded  at  Churubusco,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major, 
to  date  from  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  and  at  the 
end  of  the  war  he  was  honorably  discharged,  to  date  from  October 
15,  1848. 

lie  was  the  ranking  officer  of  the  American  filibusters  who 
landed  with  General  Lopez  at  Cardenas,  Cuba,  in  May,  1850,  and 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  affair  at  that  place. 

He  wrote  the  gifted  poem  on  the  Kentuckians  who  were  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  which  is  known  as  "  The  Bivouac  of 
the  Dead."*  It  was  read  by  him  at  the  burial  services  of  the  dead 
heroes  when  their  remains  were  brought  from  Mexico  and  inhumed, 
with  military  honors,  at  Frankfort,  Ky. 


The  muffled  drum's  sad  roll  has  beat 

The  soldier's  last  tattoo  ; 
No  more  on  Life's  parade  shall  meet 

The  brave  and  fallen  few. 
On  Fame's  eternal  camping-ground 

Their  silent  tents  are  spre  id, 
And  Glory  guards,  with  solemn  round, 

The  bivouac  of  the  dead. 
'21 


No  rumor  of  the  foe's  advance 

Now  swells  upon  the  wind  ; 
No  troubled  tin >n^ht<  at  midnight  haunt 

Of  loved  ones  lefl  behind. 

No  vision  of  the  morrow's  strife 
The  warrior's  dream  alarms  ; 

No  braying  horn  nor  screaming  fife 
At  dawn  shall  eall  to  arms. 


322 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 


He  was  engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  Frankfort,  Ky.,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (Old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  3,  1855.  He  was  stationed  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  from 
the  20th  of  April  to  the  21st  of  September,  and  employed  on 
recruiting  service  and  purchasing  horses  for  the  regiment.  He 
then  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  had  sta- 
tion until  the  27th  of  October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regi- 
ment to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  1856, 
where  he  served  until  July,  when  he  changed  station   to  Camp 


Their  shivered  swords  are  red  with  rust, 

Their  plumed  heads  are  howed  ; 
Their  haughty  banner,  trailed  iu  dust, 

Is  now  their  martial  shroud. 
And  plenteous  funeral  tears  have  washed 

The  red  stains  from  each  brow, 
And  the  proud  forms,  by  battle  gashed, 

Are  free  from  anguish  now. 

The  neighing  troop,  the  flashing  blade, 

The  bugle's  stirring  blast, 
The  charge,  the  dreadful  cannonade, 

The  din  and  shout,  are  past. 
Nor  war's  wild  note  nor  glory's  peal 

Shall  thrill  with  fierce  delight 
Those  breasts  that  never  more  may  feel 

The  raptures  of  the  fight. 

Like  the  fierce  Northern  hurricane 

That  sweeps  the  broad  plateau, 
Flushed  with  the  triumph  yet  to  gain 

Came  down  the  serried  foe. 
Who  heard  the  thunder  of  the  fray 

Break  o'er  the  field  beneath 
Knew  well  the  watchword  of  the  day 

Was  "  victory  or  death." 

Long  had  the  doubtful  conflict  raged 

O'er  all  that  stricken  plain, 
For  never  fiercer  fight  had  waged 

The  vengeful  blood  of  Spain; 
And  still  the  storm  of  battle  blew, 

Still  swelled  the  gory  tide. 
Not  long,  our  stout  old  chieftain  knew, 

Such  odds  his  strength  could  bide. 

'Twas  in  that  hour  his  stern  command 

Called  to  a  martyr's  grave 
T  le  flower  of  his  own  loved  land, 

The  nation's  flag  to  save. 
By  rivers  of  their  fathers'  gore 

His  first-born  laurels  grew, 
And  well  he  knew  the  sons  would  pour 

Their  lives  for  glory,  too. 


Full  many  a  Norther's  breath  hath  swept 

O'er  Angostura's  plain, 
And  long  the  pitying  sky  has  wept 

Above  its  mouldered  slain. 
The  raven's  scream,  or  eagle's  flight, 

Or  shepherd's  pensive  lay, 
Alone  awake  each  sullen  height 

That  frowned  o'er  that  dread  fray. 

Sons  of  the  "dark and  bloody  ground"! 

Ye  must  not  slumber  there, 
Where  stranger  steps  and  tongues  resound 

Along  the  heedless  air; 
Your  own  proud  land's  heroic  soil 

Shall  be  your  fitter  grave: 
She  claims  from  War  her  richest  spoil— 

The  ashes  of  her  brave. 

So  'neath  their  parent  turf  they  rest, 

Far  from  the  gory  field, 
Borne  to  a  Spartan  mother's  breast 

On  many  a  bloody  shield. 
The  sunshine  of  their  native  sky 

Smiles  sadly  on  them  here, 
And  kindred  eyes  and  hearts  watch  by 

The  heroes'  sepulchre. 

Rest  on,  embalmed  and  sainted  dead, 

Dear  as  the  blood  ye  gave  ! 
No  impions  footsteps  here  shall  tread 

The  herbage  of  your  grave  ; 
Nor  shall  your  glory  be  forgot 

While  Fame  her  record  keeps, 
Or  Honor  points  the  hallowed  spot 

Where  valor  proudly  sleeps. 

Yon  marble  minstrel's  voiceless  stone 

In  deathless  song  shall  tell, 
When  many  a  vanished  age  hath  flown, 

The  story  how  ye  fell; 
Nor  wreck,  nor  change,  nor  winter's  blight, 

Nor  time's  remorseless  doom 
Can  dim  one  ray  of  holy  light 

That  gilds  your  glorious  tomb. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  323 

Colorado,  and  served  there  until  October.  His  only  field-service 
was  with  the  expedition  towards  the  head- waters  of  the  Brazos  and 
Colorado  rivers  during  June  and  July,  185G.  He  availed  himself 
of  a  leave  of  absence  on  the  11th  of  October,  and,  because  of  a  mis- 
understanding with  the  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  regiment,  resigned 
his  commission  on  the  1st  of  December,  185G,  and  returned  to 
civil  pursuits  in  Kentucky. 

lie  joined  the  rebellion  against  the  United  States  and  served 
as  a  colonel  in  the  staff  of  the  Confederate  army.  He  was  an 
assistant  adjutant-general  and  an  aide-de-camp  to  General  Albert 
S.  Johnston  during  his  operations  in  the  Department  of  the  AYest. 
He  was  carrying  orders  on  the  field  of  Shiloh  when  General  John- 
ston was  wounded,  and  returned  to  his  side  just  after  he  had 
expired.  He  accompanied  the  remains  to  New  Orleans,  and  there- 
after his  service  in  the  army  seems  to  be  obscure.  It  is  claimed  by 
his  friends  that  he  was  treated  with  injustice  and  contumely  by 
the  Confederate  authorities.  He  died  in  Barbour  County,  Ala.,  on 
the  7th  of  June,  18G7,  and  in  1872  the  Kentucky  Legislature  had 
his  remains  removed  to  Lexington  and  interred  in  the  soil  of  his 
native  State,  and  erected  over  his  grave  a  monument,  on  which  is 
inscribed  the  first  stanza  of  "The  Bivouac  of  the  Dead." 


7.  William  R.  Bradfute  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  enlisted 
at  Nashville,  May,  184G,  in  Company  E,  First  Tennessee  Volun- 
teers, for  service  in  the  Mexican  War,  and  when  the  company  was 
organized  he  was  elected  the  first  lieutenant.  He  participated  in 
the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  and  in  the  battles  of  Monterey  (distin- 
guished) and  Cerro  Gordo.  He  was  honorably  discharged  on  the 
expiration  of  his  term  of  service  (one  year),  and  returned  to  Ten- 
nessee, and  was  elected  in  October,  1847,  captain  of  Company 
G,  Third  Tennessee  Volunteers,  and  accompanied  the  regiment 
to  Mexico,  and  continued  in  service  until  July,  1848.  He  was 
engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  McMinnvillc,  Tenn.,  when  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  3,  1855.  He  served  on  recruiting  service  at  that 
place  from  the  15th  of  May  to  the  1st  of  July,  when  he  joined  his 
company  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  had  station  until  the 


324  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

27th  of  October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas, 
and  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January  14, 1S56,  where  he  served  until 
the  22d  of  December,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Grape  Creek, 
where  he  had  station  until  May  15,  1857.  He  then  returned  to 
Fort  Mason,  and  served  there  until  the  20th  of  October,  when  he 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence.  He  served  with  the  expedi- 
tion towards  the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers 
during  June  and  July,  1856,  and  on  the  26th  of  November,  1856, 
he  defeated  a  party  of  hostile  Comanches  near  the  head-waters 
of  the  Concho  Elver.  He  rejoined  his  company  from  leave  and 
detached  service  June  24,  1858,  and  served  with  it  until  the  20th 
of  July,  on  Avhich  day,  when  in  camp  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the 
Brazos,  commanding  a  squadron,  he  was  so  unfortunate  as  to  shoot 
and  kill  a  private  of  Company  K,  who  followed  a  refusal  to  obey  a 
lawful  order  by  striking  the  captain  a  violent  blow  on  the  face  with 
his  clenched  hand.  He  at  once  proceeded  to  Fort  Belknap  and 
surrendered  himself.  A  long  and  searching  examination  of  the 
affair  by  a  court  of  inquiry  fully  exonerated  him  from  blame  in 
the  matter,  and  he  returned  to  duty  with  his  company  at  Fort 
Chadbourne,  where  he  arrived  on  the  6th  of  August.  The  findings 
of  the  court  did  not  please  certain  citizens,  who  instituted  pro- 
ceedings against  him,  and  succeeded  in  obtaining  the  order  of  the 
President  for  his  arrest  and  transfer  to  the  civil  authorities  for 
trial.  He  was  accordingly  summoned  from  the  command  of  Fort 
Chadbourne  to  Fort  Belkuap,  where  he  arrived  on  the  25th  of 
November,  1858,  and  the  order  was  carried  into  execution.  He 
was  released  on  bail,  and  made  repeated  requests  for  a  trial,  but 
without  avail ;  and  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion  against  the 
United  States,  two  and  a  half  years  later,  found  him  a  civil  and 
military  prisoner. 

He  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted  March  21, 
1861.  He  then  entered  the  Confederate  service  and  became  a 
colonel  of  cavalry.  He  was  justly  reputed  as  a  very  brave  and 
gallant  officer.  He  was  a  superb  marksman,  cool,  clear,  and 
decisive  in  action,  and  possessed  an  impulsive  temperament  and 
strongly  marked  characteristics. 

After  the  war  ho  settled  in  Louisa  County,  Va.,  but  soon 
removed  to  Texas,  where  he  is  engaged  in  the  stock-growing 
business. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  325 

8.  Charles  E.  Travis  was  born  in  Alabama  in  1828.  He 
was  the  only  son  of  William  B.  Travis,  colonel  of  the  First  Infantry 
(and  for  a  time  superintendent  of  the  recruiting  service)  of  the 
Republic  of  Texas.  The  father  is  known  to  fame  as  "The  Hero 
of  the  Alamo."*  The  son  was  a  captain  of  Texas  Hangers  in 
1854-55,  and  was  serving  with  his  command  when  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  3,  1855.  He  reported  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  was 
assigned  to  recruiting  service  at  Evansvillc,  Ind.,  on  the  29th 
of  May,  and  continued  on  that  duty  until  the  Cth  of  August,  when 
he  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  lie  had  station 
until  the  27th  of  October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regiment  to 
Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January  14,  185G.  Charges  had 
been  preferred  against  him  for  misconduct  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
and  upon  arrival  at  Fort  Mason  he  was  tried  by  a  general  court- 
martial  and  sentenced  to  be  dismissed  from  the  service  of  the 
United  States.  The  sentence  was  confirmed  by  the  President,  and 
Captain  Travis  ceased  to  be  an  officer  on  the  1st  of  May,  1856. 
There  are  officers  who  belonged  to  the  regiment  at  that  time  who 
are  of  the  opinion  that  he  was  too  severely  punished. 

After  he  was  dismissed  from  the  army  he  proceeded  to  Austin, 

*  Santa  Anna  marched  into  San  Antonio  February  23, 1833,  and  Colonel  Travis  retired  with  his 
command  to  the  Alamo,  which,  although  strongly  built,  was  originally  designed  for  a  mission, 
not  for  a  fortress.  The  walls  were  plain  stone-work  ;  the  main  one,  a  rectangle,  190  feet  by 
122  feet.  There  were  fourteen  pieces  of  artillery— four  on  the  side  towards  San  Antonio,  four 
facing  the  north,  two  on  the  south-east  corner,  and  four  defending  the  gate  facing  the  bridge 
across  the  San  Antonio  River.  The  place  was  well  supplied  with  water,  bat  was  lacking  in 
men,  provisions,  and  ammunition.  Santa  Anna  demanded  a  surrender  without  terms,  and 
received  for  answer  a  defiant  shot  from  the  improvised  fort.  The  Mexicans  then  hoisted  a  red 
flag  >ni  the  church  in  Bexar  and  began  the  attack.  Travis  sent  a  courier  for  aid,  using  in  his 
dispatch  these  words:  "I  shall  never  surrender  or  retreat."  The  investment  began  February 
24,  1836,  and  continued  until  Sunday  morning,  March  6,  1836,  when  the  Mexicans  captured 
Ihe  place  and  slaughtered  the  entire  garrison.  Colonel  Travis  fell  near  the  western  wall.  The 
Mexicans  numbered  overfour  thousand,  while  theTexans  had  only  one  hundred  and  eighty-eight 
men.  The  enemy's  victory  was  complete,  yet  his  force  was  as  twenty-one  to  one  and  his  loss  nearly 
three  times  the  entire  number  of  the  defenders.  An  hour  after  sunrise  on  that  Sabbath  morn- 
ing all  was  silent  in  and  around  the  Alamo,  and  the  crimson  waters  of  the  acequia  encircling  the 
fort  resembled  the  red  Hag  on  the  church  at  Bexar.  The  world  has  rarely  witnessed  an  exhibition 
of  greater  courage  than  was  displayed  in  the  defense  of  the  Alamo.  On  March  3.  1886,  Colonel 
Travis  wrote  to  a  friend:  "Take  care  of  my  little  boy.  Should  I  perish  he  will  have  nothing 
but  the  proud  recollection  that  he  is  the  son  of  a  man  who  died  for  his  country.-'  In 
lei  it  i-  le'  .-aid  :  "  I  have  held  the  place  until  now,  and  1  will  continue  to  hold  it  or  I  will  perish 
in  its  defense.''  On  March  25,  is:;;,  the  remains  of  the  gallant  defenders  of  the  Alamo  were 
gathered  and  buried  with  imposing  ceremonies  by  the  Republic  of  Texas. — Yoakum' 
of  Texas,  vol.  ii.  pp.  75  and  211. 


326  MILITAEY   EECOEDS    OF   OFFICEES. 

and  obtained  on  the  30th  of  August  the  unanimous  passage  of 
joint  resolutions  by  the  Legislature  of  Texas  which  expressed  the 
opinion  that  the  sentence  was  not  sustained  by  the  testimony,  and 
requested  the  President  to  re-examine  the  proceedings  and,  if 
possible,  to  reverse  the  findings  and  reinstate  him.  It  was  gen- 
erally understood  at  Austin  and  San  Antonio  that  his  object  in 
obtaining  the  passage  of  the  joint  resolutions  was  to  remove  the 
stain  of  dismissal  and  place  himself  in  a  position  to  challenge  those 
who  had  been  active  in  his  prosecution.  He  then  proceeded  to 
San  Antonio,  and,  failing  to  find  the  persons  whom  he  intended 
to  challenge,  succeeded  in  creating  some  excitement  by  forcing  a 
difficulty  upon  an  officer  who  refused,  at  his  request,  to  amend  a 
part  of  his  testimony  as  given  during  the  trial.  The  newspaper 
comments  thereon  were  unfavorable  to  him,  and  he  departed  from 
the  city  and  never  again  approached  any  person  upon  the  subject  of 
his  dismissal.  lie  lived  near  Austin,  Texas,  until  18G0,  when  he 
died  of  consumption. 


9.  Albert  G.  Brackett  was  born  in  Otsego  County,  N.  Y. 
His  brother  (John  E.)  was  a  captain  in  Stevenson's  famous  New 
York  regiment  which  was  conspicuous  in  the  conquest  of  Califor- 
nia. He  removed  to  Indiana  in  the  autumn  of  1846,  and  the  next 
year  volunteered  for  the  Mexican  War  and  was  elected  second 
lieutenant  of  Company  I,  Fourth  Indiana  Volunteers,  and  mus- 
tered into  the  service  of  the  United  States  at  Jeffersonville,  Ind., 
to  date  from  June  1,  1847,  and  was  promoted  first  lieutenant  of 
the  company  June  18,  1847.  He  was  stationed  at  the  School  of 
Instruction,  Mier,  Mexico,  during  July  and  August,  1847,  and 
marched  thence  to  Vera  Cruz.  His  regiment  formed  a  part  of 
General  Lane's  column  on  the  march  towards  the  city  of  Mexico. 
He  was  engaged,  in  the  fall  of  1847,  in  the  skirmishes  at  Paso  de 
Ovejas  and  La  Hoya,  in  the  battle  of  Huamantla,  in  raising  the 
siege  of  Puebla,  and  in  the  combat  and  bombardment  of  Atlixco. 
He  subsequently  served  in  the  city  of  Puebla  and  at  JSTapaloucan 
on  the  national  road  between  Vera  Cruz  and  the  city  of  Mexico, 
and  thus  continued  until  the  end  of  the  war.  He  served  for  a  time 
while  in  Puebla  as  first  lieutenant  of  a  battery  of  artillery  which 


MILITARY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS.  327 

was  composed  of  Ohio  and  Indiana  volunteers.  lie  served  during 
the  Mexican  War  with  great  credit,  and  was  honorably  discharged 
on  the  16th  of  July,  1818.  He  then  returned  to  his  home,  where 
he  prepared  and  published  in  1851  an  interesting  history  of  General 
Lane's  brigade  in  Central  Mexico  in  1848. 

He  was  engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  Logansport,  Ind.,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  3,  1855.  He  was  assigned  to  recruiting  service  at 
Logansport,  Ind.,  and  Rock  Island,  111.,  and  continued  on  that 
duty  until  the  5th  of  August,  when  he  joined  his  company  at 
Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  had  station  until  the  27th  of 
October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and 
arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January  11,  1856,  where  he  served  until 
July,  when  he  changed  station  to  Camp  Sabinal,  and  subsecpiently 
served  at  Forts  Clark  and  Mcintosh,  Camps  Hudson,  Van  Camp, 
Ives,  and  Verde,  and  was  frequently  in  command  of  stations  and 
expeditions.  He  defeated  a  band  of  Lipans  on  the  Guadalupe 
River  on  the  Sth  of  March,  1856,  and  killed  and  wounded  a 
number;  recaptured  a  large  quantity  of  property,  including  sun- 
dry land-papers  of  great  value,  and  a  draft  for  one  thousand 
pounds  sterling,  which  they  had  stolen  during  one  of  their  raids 
on  the  Rio  Cibola.  He  was  engaged  (commanding)  in  the  pursuit 
of  a  hand  of  Comanches  near  the  Arroya  de  las  Encinas,  between 
Eagle  Pass  and  Laredo,  on  the  1st  of  February,  1857,  and  com- 
manded his  company  in  an  important  movement  on  the  Great 
Comanche  trail  and  into  the  State  of  Chihuahua,  during  which 
he  pursued  and  routed  a  party  of  Comanches  near  the  Presidio  de 
San  Vicente  on  the  2d  of  May,  1859.  He  accompanied  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Leo,  who  was  commanding  the  Department  of  Texas,  in 
the  spring  of  1860  during  the  border  disturbances  with  Cortinas, 
and  served  on  the  Rio  Grande  until  the  next  autumn.  He  was 
conspicuously  active  in  Texas,  successful  in  his  encounters  with 
hostile  Indians  and  in  defending  the  border  from  the  incursions 
of  the  savages  and  the  marauding  operations  of  Cortinas.  and 
received  upon  several  occasions  the  thanks  and  commendations  of 
the  department  commander  and  of  General  Scott. 

When  the  State  of  Texas  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents  he 
marched  with  his  company  from  Camp  Verde  on  the  21st  of 
February,  1861,  and,  having  joined  other  companies  of  the  regiment 


328  MILITARY   EEC0ED8   OF   OFFICERS. 

at  Green  Lake,  proceeded  to  Indianola,  where  on  the  31st  of  March 
the  detachment  embarked  on  the  steamship  Goatzacoalcos  and 
sailed  for  IMew  York  Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Carlisle, 
where  the  troops  arrived  on  the  13th  of  April.  His  company, 
having  been  refitted  and  mounted,  proceeded  to  Washington, 
and  a  few  days  later  crossed  the  Potomac,  over  the  Long  Bridge, 
into  Virginia  with  the  first  troops  on  the  23d  of  May,  1861, 
and  participated  in  the  capture  of  Alexandria,  and  he  was  then 
assigned  to  a  temporary  station  at  Arlington.  He  commanded 
a  squadron  of  the  regiment  in  the  skirmish  at  Blackburn's  Ford, 
Va.,  on  the  18th  of  July,  1861,  which  was  an  important  affair. 
The  squadron  was  exposed  to  a  heavy  fire,  and  the  men  not  only 
served  as  cavalry,  but  also  assisted  the  artillerymen  to  bring 
their  guns  into  action.  He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run,  where  his  company  served  as  an  escort  to  General  McDowell 
during  the  entire  day,  having  been  detailed  for  that  duty  on  the 
19th.  During  the  disastrous  retreat  his  company,  with  the  regular 
cavalry,  constituted  about  all  there  was  of  a  rear-guard,  and  by 
vigorous  and  intelligent  action  did  much  to  restore  order  among 
the  volunteers,  avIio  had  been  abandoned  by  their  own  appointed 
officers.  Having  obtained,  in  September,  a  leave  of  absence  for 
the  purpose  of  accepting  a  commission  in  the  volunteer  service, 
he  proceeded  West,  where  he  served  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  Governor 
Yates,  of  Illinois,  and  commanded  Camp  Douglas,  at  Chicago, 
until  February,  1802.  He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Ninth 
Illinois  Cavalry,  to  date  from  October  26,  1861,  and  marched 
with  the  regiment  to  Missouri,  and  thence  to  Arkansas  as  a  part 
of  Steele's  brigade  of  General  Curtis's  army.  He  defeated  the 
enemy  at  the  Waddell  Farm,  in  Jackson  County,  Ark.,  on  the  12th 
of  June,  1862,  and  saved  a  valuable  train  belonging  to  the  govern- 
ment ;  and  on  the  27th  he  attacked,  with  two  battalions  of  his  regi- 
ment, a  superior  force  of  the  enemy  at  Stewart's  Plantation,  near 
Village  Creek,  in  Jackson  County,  Ark.,  and  fought  them  until 
dark,  losing  thirty-three  officers  and  men  killed  and  wounded,  and 
as  many  horses,  and  inflicting  a  severe  loss  upon  the  enemy.  He 
was  wounded  in  the  breast  by  a  rifle-ball,  but  retained  the  com- 
mand throughout  the  action,  lie  was  also  engaged  in  the  action 
at  Cache  Bayou,  Ark.  lie  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from 
June  28,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  campaign 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  329 

of  1SG2  in  Arkansas,  and  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  First  Cavalry, 
bo  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  served  as  chief  of  cavalry  in  the 
Department  of  Missouri,  and  as  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer 
and  as  an  assistant  commissary  of  musters  at  St.  Louis  in  1863.  He 
commanded  a  cavalry  brigade  in  West  Tennessee,  and  was  employed 
in  defending  the  Memphis  and  Charleston  Railway,  and  was  an 
assistant  inspector-general  of  cavalry  in  the  Department  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  a  special  inspector,  in  1804.  lie  participated  in 
the  siege  and  battles  in  front  of  Atlanta  and  the  battle  of  Nash- 
ville, and  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from 
September  1,  18G4,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
Atlanta  campaign,  lie  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service  on 
the  26th  of  October,  18G4,  and  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date 
from  March  13,  18G5,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  prepared,  during  the  war,  a  history 
of  the  United  States  Cavalry  from  1703  to  18G3,  which  was  pub- 
lished in  18G5.  He  joined  and  commanded  his  regiment  at  New 
Orleans  in  September,  18G5,  and  accompanied  it  to  the  Pacific 
coast  in  January,  18GG,  where  he  commanded  the  Presidio  of  San 
Francisco,  Drum  Barracks,  Los  Angeles,  Fort  Churchill,  and  Fort 
Vancouver.  He  also  commanded  the  District  of  Nevada  during  a 
part  of  the  year  18GG,  and  was  very  successful  in  the  conduct  of 
operations  against  hostile  Indians,  and  inflicted  upon  them  a  loss 
of  three  hundred  and  twenty-seven  killed,  wounded,  and  captured 
in  the  combats  of  the  year  with  the  regulars  and  volunteers  who 
were  serving  under  his  command.  He  commanded  the  Dis- 
trict of  Summit  Lake  and  Nevada  in  1807,  and  was  on  duty  in 
Arizona  when  he  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Second 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  9,  18G8.  He  joined  his  regiment  at 
Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  March,  1869,  and  commanded  it  until 
May,  when  he  marched,  with  four  companies,  to  Fort  Ellis,  Mon., 
where  he  arrived  in  July,  and  remained  until  December,  in  the 
meantime  distributing  supplies  to  the  Crow  Indians.  He  then 
rejoined  the  regimental  headquarters  at  Fort  Omaha,  where  he 
had  station  until  March,  1871,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  com- 
mand of  Fort  Fred  Steele,  Wyo.,  which  he  retained  until  dune, 
and  suppressed  on  the  30th  of  April  a  riot  among  the  coal-miners 
at  Carbon.  He  again  served  at  Fort  Omaha  from  June,  1871,  to 
September,  L872,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort 


330  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Bridget',  and  was  subsequently  transferred  to  Camp  Stambaugh, 
and  had  service  at  the  two  stations  until  September,  1873.  He 
also  commanded  the  District  of  Wind  River  from  May  to  Septem- 
ber, 1873.  He  was  on  general  court-martial  duty  at  Omaha  during 
October,  1873,  and  thereafter  on  a  leave  of  absence  until  February, 
1874,  when  he  joined  at  Fort  Sanders,  where  he  served  until  Sep- 
tember, 1877,  and  commanded  the  station  and  his  regiment  at  dif- 
ferent periods,  having  occasional  leaves  and  detached  service,  chiefly 
on  general  court-martial  duty,  to  other  stations  within  the  depart- 
ment. 

He  commanded  his  regiment  during  the  change  of  stations 
from  the  Department  of  the  Platte  to  the  Department  of  Dakota, 
and  marched  with  the  headquarters  from  Fort  Sanders,  Wyo.,  to 
Fort  Custer,  Mom,  during  September  and  October,  1877.  He 
served  in  the  Department  of  Dakota  until  the  summer  of  1879, 
and  commanded  the  District  of  the  Yellowstone  from  March 
to  June.  He  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  Third  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  20,  1879,  and  joined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Laramie, 
Wyo.,  in  July,  and  served  at  the  station  until  October,  when  he 
was  ordered  to  field-service  against  the  hostile  Utes  of  Colorado. 
He  proceeded  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  where  he  established  a  camp 
of  thirteen  companies  belonging  to  the  Ninth  Infantry,  Third 
and  Fifth  Cavalry,  which  was  broken  up  on  the  28th  of  November, 
when  he  returned  to  Fort  Laramie,  and  served  there  until  April, 
1880,  when  he  changed  station  with  his  headquarters  to  Fort  D. 
A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  2.7th,  and  served  until 
May,  1882,  except  tours  of  general  court-martial  service  at  Camp 
Douglas,  Salt  Lake  City,  and  Rock  Creek.  He  declined,  on  the 
10th  of  August,  1880,  the  appointment  of  superintendent  of  the 
Mounted  Recruiting  Service.  He  was  elected,  in  February,  1881, 
a  vice-president  of  the  National  Association  of  Veterans  of  the 
Mexican  War,  and  subsequently  was  elected  a  vice-president  of  the 
Wyoming  Academy  of  Science. 

He  was  transferred,  in  May,  1882,  with  his  regiment  from  the 
Department  of  the  Platte  to  the  Department  of  Arizona,  where  he 
commanded  Forts  Thomas  and  Grant  and  directed  the  field  opera- 
tions against  the  hostile  Apache  Indians  until  August,  1882,  when, 
having  been  appointed  superintendent  of  the  Mounted  Recruiting 
Service,  he  relinquished  the  command  of  bis  regiment  and  pro- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  331 

deeded  to  Jefferson    Barracks,   where    lie  arrived  on  the  1st  of 
October,  1882,  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office. 


10.  Charles  J.  Whiting  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1835, 
and  assigned  to  the  Second  Artillery  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant, 
and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  September 
10,  1835.  Upon  the  expiration  of  his  graduating  leave  he  was 
assigned  to  engineer  duty  until  the  15th  of  December.  He  served 
with  his  regiment  in  the  Florida  war  during  the  spring  of  1836, 
and  was  engaged  in  four  skirmishes  at  Camp  Izard  on  the  27th, 
28th,  and  29th  of  February  and  the  5th  of  March,  and  in  the 
action  of  Oloklikaha  on  the  31st  of  March.* 

He  resigned  on  the  31st  of  May,  1836,  and  engaged  in  civil 
engineering  upon  a  projected  railroad  from  Pensacola,  Fla.,  to 
Blakely,  Ala.,  and  in  1837  was  chief  engineer  of  the  Tallahassee 
and  St.  Mark's  Eailroad  in  Florida,  and  in  1838  was  the  assistant 
engineer  on  the  survey  of  the  Delta  of  the  Mississippi  Eiver. 
Upon  the  termination  of  this  service  he  removed  to  Maine  and 
was  employed  as  principal  of  the  Ellsworth  Academy  from  1839 
to  1845.  He  was  assistant  engineer  during  1849  on  the  boundary 
survey  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico,  and  upon  the  ter- 
mination of  this  duty  he  settled  at  San  Jose,  Cal.,  as  a  farmer 
and  surveyor. 

He  held  the  office  of  surveyor-general  of   California  f  during 

*  The  skirmishes  at  Camp  Izard  were  fought  by  troops  under  General  Gaines.  He  assembled 
a  few  regulars,  accepted  the  services  of  a  Louisiana  regiment,  and  started  for  the  seat  of  war. 
He  learned  on  arrival  at  Pensacola  that  General  Scott  had  been  ordered  to  Florida,  but,  anxious 
to  accomplish  something,  he  pushed  on  to  Fort  King,  and,  taking  a  supply  of  provisions,  marched 
to  the  Withlacoochee  River,  where  the  Indians  were  found  in  force.  Lieutenant  Izard  was  Bhot 
on  the  bank  of  the  river  while  in  command  of  the  advance-guard.  Camp  Izard  was  established 
about  one  hundred  yards  from  the  river,  and  breastworks  were  made  by  felling  pine-trees.  'I  lie 
Indians  mad"  an  assault  upon  the  camp  the  morning  after  it  was  established,  and  continued 
their  attacks  day  after  day.  inflicting  some  loss  on  us  and  receiving  some  loss  in  return.  Gen- 
eral Gaines,  learning  that  General  Scott  had  arrived,  marched  to  Fort  Drum,  relinquished  his 
command,  and  retired  from  the  scene  of  hostilities.  The  action  of  Oloklikaha  was  fought  hy 
troops  under  General  Scott.  It  was  a  running  fight,  the  troops  marching  and  the  Indians  firing 
into  the  head  of  the  column  asit  waded  through  the  swamps,  and  thru  retreating  to  the  next 
hiding-place.  The  troops  could  only  answer  the  fire  by  aiming  at  tin-  smoke  of  the  enemy's 
guns.    Our  loss  was  four  killed  and  forty  wounded. 

t  When  Whiting  was  surveyor-general  the  State  was  overrun  by  grasshoppers,  and  the 
Legislature  passed  a  resolution  requiring  him  to  report  the  most  feasible  plan  for  externa- 


332  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

1850-51,  and  was  assistant  engineer  of  the  Sacramento  Valley 
Railroad  when  lie  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  joined  his  company  at 
Jefferson  Barracks  on  the  29th  of  September,  where  he  had  station 
until  the  27th  of  October,  when  lie  marched  with  the  regiment  to 
Texas,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  1S56,  where  he 
served  until  the  9th  of  August,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  Fort  Inge,  which  he  retained  until  March  16,  1857. 
He  afterwards  served  at  Forts  Clark  and  Mason,  and  at  Camps 
Radziminski  and  Wood.  He  was  distinguished  for  gallant  con- 
duet  in  an  action  against  a  band  of  hostile  Lipans  and  Comanches 
in  the  Wachita  Mountains  on  the  10th  of  August,  1857.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Wichita  Village,  October  1,  1858, 
and  was  distinguished  for  gallant  conduct  and  complimented  in 
orders  from  the  headquarters  of  the  army.  He  availed  himself,  in 
September,  1859,  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and  rejoined  his  company 
at  Camp  Wood  in  September,  1860,  where  he  was  serving  when  the 
State  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents.  He  united  with  other 
officers  of  the  regiment  in  a  plan  to  mass  the  troops  and  march 
northward  through  the  Indian  Territory  to  Fort  Leavenworth  ;  but 
it  was  found  impossible  to  do  so,  as  the  posts  had  been  deprived  of 
nearly  all  their  means  of  transportation,  and  the  subsistence  stores 
on  hand  were  only  sufficient  to  supply  the  troops  for  the  march 
to  the  sea-coast.  He  accordingly  marched  with  his  company  to 
Indianola,  and,  uniting  with  the  second  detachment  of  the  regi- 
ment (commanding),  he  embarked  on  the  steamship  Empire  City 
and  sailed  for  New  York  Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Carlisle, 
where  the  troops  arrived  on  the  27th  of  April. 

His  company  was  assigned  to  temporary  duty  at  Arlington 
until  towards  the  end  of  June,  when  he  rejoined  the  regimental 
headquarters  and  participated  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah 

nating  the  pests.  He  did  not  consider  that  the  requirements  of  the  resolution  pertained  to  the 
duties  of  his  office,  but  gravely  replied  that  iu  his  judgment  the  most  feasible  plan  to  prevent  a 

recurrence  of  the  grasshopper  ravages  was  to  make  an  appropriation  for  the  purchase  of  turkeys 
in  the  East,  import  them  into  the  State,  and  distribute  them  to  the  farmers.  When  the  turkeys 
had  destroyed  the  grasshoppers  they  could  be  sold  at  a  profit  and  the  proceeds  covered  into  the 
treasury.  He  accompanied  his  report  with  an  elaborately  prepared  table,  showing  the  total 
tgricultural  land-,  the  estimated  number  of  grasshoppers  to  the  acre,  and  estimated 
number  of  gra.->hoppcrs  each  turkey  would  eat,  thus  arriving  at  the  required  number  of  turkeys 
to  import,  together  with  the  estimated  cost  of  each  turkey,  etc.  The  records  do  not  show  that 
his  recommendation  was  enacted  into  a  law. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  333 

campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and 
in  the  skirmishes  at  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill.  It  is  said  when 
lie  was  ordered,  at  Falling  Waters,  to  proceed  with  a  squadron  in 
search  of  a  militia  regiment  which  had  become  detached  from  the 
army,  that  ho  never  ceased,  during  the  entire  movement,  to  ex- 
press his  opinion  of  militia  in  general  and  of  the  politicians  who 
were  responsible  for  the  war.  He  then  served  at  Darnestown,  Md., 
until  September,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  defenses  of  Wash- 
ington, where  he  served  during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  and  was 
engaged  (commanding)  in  a  skirmish,  October  20,  at  Flint  Hill, 
Va.,  while  making  a  reconnaissance.  He  participated  in  the 
Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns  of  1862, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run  (commanding  the 
regiment  from  the  21st  of  May  to  the  27th  of  June),  the  siege 
of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in  almost  daily 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond, 
the  battle  of  Hanover  Oourt-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards 
Ashland,  and  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  where,  after  his  horse  was 
killed  under  him,  he  was  captured  and  taken  to  Richmond.  After 
he  had  been  there  about  three  weeks  a  Confederate  captain  came 
to  the  prison  and  asked  if  any  captain  of  regulars  would  accept 
a  parole  for  the  purpose  of  going  to  Washington  and  effecting 
an  exchange  with  him.  He  gladly  accepted  the  offer,  and  Avas 
granted  a  parole  for  twenty  days.  He  proceeded  to  Washington, 
and  after  persistent  efforts — having  been  once  refused  on  the 
ground  that  the  government  had  decided  not  to  make  individual 
exchanges — he  succeeded  in  effecting  the  exchange,  and  resumed 
the  command  of  the  regiment  on  the  12th  of  August,  and  in  time 
to  form  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  during  the  evacuation  of  the 
Peninsula  and  the  change  of  base  to  the  James  River.  This 
statement  is  due  to  Captain  Whiting,  as  showing  that  it  was  solely 
by  his  own  exertions  that  he  succeeded  in  returning  to  duty  in  the 
field,  although  afterwards  dismissed  on  a  charge  of  disloyalty. 

He  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam, 
and  continued  to  command  the  regiment  until  the  19th  of  Septem- 
ber, when  he  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Second  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  July  17,  1862,  and  commanded  his  regiment  from  October, 

1862,  to  July,  1863,  and  the  Reserve  Cavalry  Brigade  during  June, 

1863.  lie  participated  in  the  Rappahannock  campaign  of  1863, 


334  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  was  engaged  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Kichmond, 
in  the  skirmishes  at  Rappahannock  and  Rapid  an  stations  and  Ely's 
Ford,  and  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford.  He  then  commanded  the 
Portland  (Maine)  Draft  Station  from  July  to  the  5th  of  November, 
1863,  when  he  was  dismissed  from  the  army  for  disloyalty  and 
for  using  contemptuous  and  disrespectful  words  against  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States.  He  was  restored  by  the  order  of  the 
President,  May  28,  1866,  to  his  former  rank  as  a  major  and 
assigned  to  the  Third  Cavalry,  and  joined  his  regiment  in  New 
Mexico,  December  1,  1866,  and  commanded  it,  and  Fort  Marcy, 
until  March  4,  1867,  when  his  appointment  expired  by  constitu- 
tional limitation.  He  was  reappointed  on  the  3d  of  April,  1867, 
and  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Union,  and  commanded  it  until 
September  9,  1867.  He  subsequently  commanded  Forts  Sum- 
ner and  "Wingate,  and  during  the  summer  of  1868  conducted 
the  Navajo  Indians  from  Fort  Sumner  to  a  reservation  in  North- 
western New  Mexico.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
Sixth  Cavalry  May  6,  1869,  and  reported  for  duty  at  Greenville, 
Texas,  in  July,  where  he  served  until  May,  1870,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort  Griffin,  where  he  was  serving 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  list  of  supernumeraries  and 
honorably  mustered  out  of  service,  under  section  12  of  the  act  of 
Congress  approved  July  15,  1870,  to  date  from  January  1,  1871. 
He  has  since  devoted  himself  to  civil  pursuits  at  Castine,  Maine. 


11.  Nathan  G.  Evans  *  was  born  in  Darlington  District,  S.  C, 
in  1829.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the 
1st  of  July,  1848,  and  assigned  to  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First 
Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  transferred  to  the 
Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry)  as  a  second  lieutenant,  to 
date  from  September  30,  1849.  He  joined  at  Jefferson  Barracks  on 
the  11  th  of  November,  1848,  and  served  at  that  station  until  Janu- 
ary, 1849,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and 
served  six  years  on  the  frontier  west  of  the  Missouri  River.  He 
participated  in  an  expedition  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  during  the 
summer  of  1849,  and  served  at  Fort  Leavenworth  as  quartermaster 

*  His  army  sobriquet  was  "  Shank  Evans." 


MILITARY  RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  335 

and  commissary  until  January,  1850,  and  thereafter,  and  until 
April  of  that  year,  as  post  adjutant,  and  participated  during 
August,  1850,  in  a  march  to  the  crossing  of  the  Arkansas  River. 
His  promotion  to  the  Second  Dragoons  transferred  him  to  New 
Mexico,  where  he  had  stations  at  Socorro  and  Forts  Conrad  and 
Webster.  He  participated  in  the  campaigns  against  the  Apache 
Indians  in  1852,  and  was  engaged  in  a  skirmish  near  the  Laguna, 
on  the  Jomado  del  Muerto,  1ST.  M.,  on  the  21th  of  January,  1852. 
He  was  serving  at  Fort  Leavenworth  when  he  was  appointed  a  first 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March 
3,  1855. 

He  joined  the  regiment  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  on  the  2Sth  of 
May,  and  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks, where  he  arrived  on  the  5th  of  June,  and  served  at  that 
station  until  the  23d  of  September,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
recruiting  service  at  Detroit,  Mich.,  where  he  remained  until  the 
25th  of  October,  when  he  returned  to  Jefferson  Barracks  and 
marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  aud  arrived  at  Camr)  Cooper 
January  3, 1856,  where  he  had  station  until  June,  1858.  He  was 
promoted  a  captain  May  1,  185C.  He  was  engaged  (commanding) 
in  a  combat  with  hostile  Indians  on  the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos 
on  the  24th  of  September,  1857,  and  defeated  them  with  consid- 
erable loss,  and  captured  their  horses  and  other  property.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  Wichita  expedition  of  1858,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
brilliant  action  at  Wichita  Village  on  the  1st  of  October,  where  he 
killed  two  warriors  in  hand-to-hand  combats,  and  was  complimented 
in  orders  from  the  headquarters  of  the  army  for  conspicuous  gal- 
lantry. He  was  then  assigned  to  Camp  Ptadziminski,  and  had 
some  additional  field-service  until  the  15th  of  February,  1859, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  March,  1860. 
He  then  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits  to  the  regiment,  and 
rejoined  his  company  at  Pdnggold  Barracks  in  June.  He  changed 
station  to  Camp  Cooper  in  October,  where  he  was  serving  when 
the  secession  movement  began  to  threaten  the  country.  He  ob- 
tained a  leave  of  absence  January  29,  1861,  and,  without  rejoin- 
ing the  regiment,  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted 
February  27,  1861,  and  he  entered  the  Confederate  service  with  the 
rank  of  colonel,  lie  commanded  a  brigade  at  Bull  Bun,  and  was 
posted  at  the  "Stone  Bridge,"  where  the  battle  was  opened  by  the 


336  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

National  troops.  He  was  soon  thereafter  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general,  and  commanded  the  Confederate  troops  at  the  battle  of 
Ball's  Bluff,  October  21,  1861.  He  was  then  transferred  to  South 
Carolina,  and  towards  the  end  of  the  war  was  appointed  a  major- 
general,  and  commanded  a  division  of  Gordon's  corps  at  Hatcher's 
Bun,  Ya.,  in  March,  1865.  He  surrendered  with  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia  on  the  9th  of  April,  18G5,  and  located  at  Mid- 
way, Bullock  County,  Ala.,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  school- 
teacher until  his  death,  which  occurred  on  the  30th  of  November, 
1868. 


12.  Richard  W.  Johxsox  was  born  in  Livingston  County,  Ky. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 
1819,  and  assigned  to  the  Sixth  Infantry  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  in  the  First  Infantry  a  second  lieu- 
tenant, to  date  from  June  10,  1850.  He  joined  at  Fort  Snelling, 
Minn.,  where  he  served  until  1851,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Texas,  and  had  stations  at  Forts  Duncan  and  Terrett  until  March 
3,  1853,  when  he  was  appointed  adjutant  of  the  First  Infantry, 
and  held  the  position  until  April  12,  1S55,  when  he  was  appointed 
a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855.  He  joined  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  on  the  7th  of  June, 
and  on  the  12th  was  appointed  regimental  quartermaster.  He 
soon  thereafter  proceeded  to  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  had 
station  until  the  27th  of  October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regi- 
ment to  Fort  Mason,  Texas,  where  he  arrived  January  11,  1856, 
and  served  as  quartermaster  and  commissary  until  the  30th  of  Sep- 
tember, when  he  resigned  his  staff  appointment  and  thereafter 
served  at  Forts  Mason  and  Belknap  and  Camps  Colorado,  Rad- 
ziminski,  and  Cooper.  He  was  promoted  a  captain  December 
1,  1856,  and  soon  became  conspicuous  for  practical  attention  to 
the  wants  of  his  company,  fondness  for  drills,  and  activity  in  the 
field.  Ho  distinguished  himself  on  the  22d  of  December,  1^56, 
in  a  combat  with  a  band  of  Comanches  on  the  head-waters  of  the 
Concho  River,  where,  after  a  sharp  conflict,  he  defeated  the  Indians 
with  a  severe  loss,  captured  their  horses  and  cam})  equipage,  and 
rescued  a  Mexican  captive.     He  participated  in  the  Wichita  expedi- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  337 

E  L858,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Wichita 
Village  on  the  1st  of  October,  lie  defeated  a  party  of  hi 
Indians  on  the  13th  of  February,  L860,  between  Kickapoo  and 
Brady  creeks,  and  ho  accompanied  Major  Thomas,  durin 
summer  of  1860,  in  an  expedition  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Con- 
cho and  Colorado  rivers,  and  was  frequently  commended  in  orders 
from  the  headquarters  of  the  army  and  the  Department  of  Texas 
for  services  in  the  field  and  gallantry  in  action. 

He  was  serving  at  Fort  Mason,  commanding  a  squadron  and  the 
non-commissioned  staff  and  hand  of  the  regiment,  when  Texas 
was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents.  He  could  do  no  better  than 
obey  the '-Order  of  Exercises,"  and  he  accordingly  abandoned 
the  post  on  the  29th  of  March,  1861,  and  marched  to  Indianola, 
where  he  was  joined  by  two  other  companies.  These  companies 
constituted  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment,  and  they  were 
embarked  on  the  steamship  Empire  City  just  in  time  to  escape 
capture,  and  sailed  for  New  York  Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  to 
Carlisle,  where  they  arrived  on  the  27th  of  April.  .  He  proceeded 
in  June  to  Chambersburg,  Pa.,  and  participated  in  General  Patter- 
son's Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at 
Falling  Waters  and  the  skirmishes  at  Martinsburg  and  Bunker 
Hill.  He  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  on  the  28th  of 
August  for  the  purpose  of  accepting  the  lieutenant-colonelcy  of  the 
Third  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  proceeded  to  Louisville,  where  he 
found  the  community  greatly  excited  because  of  the  invasion  of 
Kentucky  by  the  Confederate  General  Albert  S.  Johnston.  He  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  Home  Guards,  numbering  twelve  hundred 
men,  and  ordered  to  Lebanon  Junction,  on  the  Louisville  and  Nash- 
ville Railroad  ;  but  as  the  enemy  halted  at  Bowling  Green,  and 
manifested  no  intention  to  advance  farther  in  the  direction  of 
Louisville,  and  as  volunteer  regiments  were  dispatched  in  great  num- 
bers to  Kentucky,  the  necessity  for  the  retention  of  this  temporary 
force  ceased  to  exist,  and  it  was  disbanded,  and  he  then  joined  the 
Third  Kentucky  Cavalry  at  Owensboro,  where  ho  served  until 
the  11  tli  of  October,  1861,  when  he  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  and  assigned  to  the  command  of  a  brigade 
in  General  Anderson's  army,  then  in  front  of  Louisville,  Ky.  He 
served  with  the  army  on  the  march  to  Nashville  and  through 
Tennessee  en  route  to  Pittsburg  Landing,  until  he  was  prostrated 


338  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

at  Columbia,  Term.,  by  malarial  fever  and  compelled  to  return 
to  Louisville  for  medical  treatment.  He  rejoined  his  brigade  after 
the  battle  of  Shilob,  and  participated  in  the  skirmishes  (routing 
the  enemy  in  his  front  on  the  28th  of  May)  and  marches  of  the 
army  during  the  advance  upon  Corinth  from  the  9th  of  April  to  the 
30th  of  May,  1862.  After  the  evacuation  of  Corinth  his  command 
formed  a  part  of  the  Army  of  the  Ohio,  under  General  Buell,  on 
the  march  through  North  Alabama,  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky. 
About  this  time  he  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fourth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  July  17,  1862,  but  never  served  with  his  regiment. 

He  was  defeated,  on  the  21st  of  August,  1862,  in  an  engagement 
with  Morgan's  Confederate  cavalry  near  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  and  while 
exhibiting  great  courage  in  striving  to  rally  his  troops  was  cap- 
tured by  the  enemy.  He  was  soon  exchanged,  and  a  partial  reor- 
ganization of  the  army  gave  him  a  division,  which  he  commanded 
at  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  where  he  won  the  commendation 
of  General  Rosecrans  as  an  officer  who  "ought  to  be  made  a 
major-general. '"'  He  participated  in  the  advance  on  Tullahoma, 
June  21  to  July  4,  1863,  and  fought  with  his  division,  at  Liberty 
Gap,  Tenn.,  on  the  21th  and  25th  of  June,  one  of  the  fiercest 
engagements  of  the  war,  considering  the  numbers  engaged.  His 
division  behaved  handsomely  at  Chickamauga,  driving  the  enemy 
a  mile  and  a  half  and  capturing  seven  pieces  of  artillery,  together 
with  a  large  number  of  prisoners,  arms,  and  colors,  and  he  was 
made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  September  20,  18G3, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  that  fiercely-contested  battle. 
He  participated  in  the  defense  of,  and  operations  around,  Chatta- 
nooga from  September,  1863,  to  May,  1861,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Missionary  Ridge  and  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  im- 
mediately thereafter.  General  Grant,  who  was  so  situated  as  to 
have  a  full  view  of  the  entire  line,  says  in  his  report,  "  The  divisions 
of  Baird,  Sheridan,  and  Johnson  moved  up  the  hill  in  line  and 
simultaneously  carried  the  crest  of  the  Ridge."  He  was  made 
a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  November  24,  1863,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga. 

He  commanded  a  division  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps,  Army  of 
the  Cumberland,  during  the  invasion  of  Georgia,  May  and  June, 
1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  operations  around  Dalton,  the 
demonstrations  against  Resaca,  and  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  with 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  339 

constant  skirmishing,  including  the  battle  of  New  Hope  Church, 
whore  he  was  severely  wounded  hy  a  shell  and  compelled  to  retire 
from  the  field.  He  rejoined  his  division  on  the  13th  of  June  and 
commanded  it  until  the  22d  of  August,  when  it  hecame  evident 
that  he  was  too  weak  to  endure  the  hardships  of  field-service. 
General  Sherman  then  appointed  him  chief  of  cavalry  of  the 
Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  and  dispatched  him  to  Nash- 
ville to  equip  and  forward  cavalry  from  that  station  ;  but  when 
the  march  to  the  sea  was  begun  and  General  Hood  invested 
Nashville  his  occupation  was  gone,  and  he  reported  to  General 
Thomas,  who  assigned  him,  on  the  8th  of  November,  to  the  com- 
mand of  a  division  of  cavalry,  which  he  retained  until  October  12, 
1865. 

He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  and  was  highly 
complimented  on  the  field  by  General  Thomas  for  "skill,  energy, 
and  ability/'  and  in  the  telegraphic  report  to  the  President  at 
the  end  of  the  first  day's  battle  General  Thomas  said:  "I  must 
not  forget  to  report  the  operations  of  Brigadier-General  Richard 
W.  Johnson  in  successfully  driving  the  enemy,  with  the  aid  of  the 
gunboats  under  Lieutenant-Commander  Fitch,  from  their  estab- 
lished batteries  on  the  Cumberland  below  the  city  of  Nashville." 
He  was  made  a  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from 
December  1G,  1SG4,  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Nashville. 

He  was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Middle  District 
of  Tennessee,  and  held  that  highly  important  civil-military 
position  until  January  15,  1866,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of 
volunteer  service  and  received  the  brevet  of  major-general,  to  date 
from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
field  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  was  conspicuous  during 
the  war  for  his  skill  and  energy,  and  he  displayed  great  personal 
courage  at  Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  and  dur- 
ing the  invasion  of  Georgia. 

He  was  provost-marsh al-gencral  of  the  Military  Division  of  the 
Tennessee  from  October  12,  1865,  to  August  13,  1865,  and  acting 
judge-advocate  of  the  same  division  from  December  5,  1865,  to 
August  13,  1866,  and  of  the  Department  of  the  Tennessee  from 
August  13,  1866,  to  March  15,  1867,  and  of  the  Department  of  the 


340  MILITARY    EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Cumberland  from  March  15,  1867,  to  October  12,  1867,  when  he 
was  retired  from  active  service  with  the  rank  of  major-general 
(changed  to  brigadier-general  by  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1875, 
not  having  "lost  a  leg  or  arm")  for  wounds  received  in  the  line 
of  duty.  He  is  the  author  of  a  pamphlet  entitled  "Manual  of 
Arms  for  Colt's  Breech-Loading  Carbine  and  Navy  Eevolver," 
which  came  into  general  use  as  the  troops  were  supplied  with 
these  arms. 

He  was  the  orator  at  the  organization  of  the  Society  of  the 
Army  of  the  Cumberland  on  the  7th  of  February,  1SG7,  in  Mozart 
Hall,  Cincinnati. 

He  was  professor  of  military  science  in  the  Missouri  State  Uni- 
versity from  July,  1868,  to  July,  I860,  when  he,  in  common  witli 
all  officers  on  the  retired  list,  was  relieved  from  duty.  The  degree 
of  A.M.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  university.  He  was 
elected,  in  September,  1869,  professor  of  military  science  in  the 
University  of  Minnesota,  but  resigned  the  position  January  1, 
1871,  and  engaged  in  the  real-estate  business  at  St.  Paul,  where  he 
lias  since  lived,  having  business  interests  at  Montrose  and  Dn- 
luth.  He  has  fully  disproved  the  commonly  accepted  idea  that 
military  service  disqualifies  a  man  for  civil  pursuits.  His  success 
lias  demonstrated  that  the  education  and  experience  acquired  in 
the  army  with  reference  to  system  and  regularity  are  the  founda- 
tions of  prosperity  in  all  departments  of  business  and  in  all  the 
walks  of  life.  He  published  in  the  spring  of  1881  an  admirably 
written  "  Memoir  of  Major-General  George  H.  Thomas,"  which  is 
recognized  as  a  valuable  contribution  of  material  for  the  use  of  the 
future  historian  of  the  war  of  the  Eebellion.  He  was  the  candi- 
date of  the  Democratic  party  for  governor  of  Minnesota  at  the 
general  election  of  1881. 


13.  Joseph  H.  McArtiiue  was  born  in  Missouri.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1819, 
and  assigned  to  the  Second  Infantry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant. 
Upon  the  expiration  of  his  graduating  leave  he  reported  at  Gov- 
ernor's Island,  where  he  served  until  June,  1850,  when  lie  was 
ordered,  at  his  own  request,  to  join  his  regiment  in  California. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  34] 

He  made  the  voyage  from  New  York  to  San  Francisco  by  thi 

of  Cape  Horn,  arid  joined  his  company  at  Benicia  Barracks  on  1 1;  ■ 

25th  of  November,  1850. 

Having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Infan- 
try, to  date  from  August  12,  1850,  lie  was  ordered,  in  April,  1851, 
to  join  that  regiment,  lie  proceeded  to  Washington,  and  was 
appointed,  in  October,  quartermaster  and  commissary  for  five 
hundred  recruits  who  had  been  assigned  to  Texas.  He  joined  the 
detachment  in  New  York  and  sailed  to  New  Orleans,  and  thence 
by  river  to  Little  Bock,  whence  he  marched  overland  to  Fort 
Belknap  and  Phantom  Hill.  Tie  served  with  the  Fifth  Infantry 
on  the  northern  frontier  of  Texas  and  on  the  Eio  Grande,  having 
stations  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos,  at  San  Antonio  and 
Ringgold  Barracks,  until  the  spring  of  1855,  when  he  was  appointed 
a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855. 

He  joined  the  regiment  at  Jefferson  Barracks  after  a  tour  of 
recruiting  service  at  Madison,  Ind.,  on  the  22d  of  September, 
where  he  had  station  until  the  27th  of  October,  when  he  was 
placed  in  charge  of  the  property  not  required  during  the  march  to 
Texas,  and  proceeded  by  water  to  New  Orleans,  and  thence  to 
Fort  Mason,  where  he  arrived  January  17,  1856.  He  commanded 
his  company  at  that  station  and  at  Camps  Colorado  and  Cooper 
until  the  27th  of  October,  when  he  was  assigned  to  recruiting 
service,  and  had  station  at  Boston  until  September,  1858,  when 
lie  was  ordered  to  rejoin  the  regiment.  He  conducted  a  detach- 
ment of  recruits  to  Texas  during  the  winter  of  1858-59,  and 
rejoined  his  company  at  Camp  Colorado  on  the  1st  of  February, 
1859.  He  changed  station  in  March  to  Camp  Hudson,  and  served 
during  the  summer  and  fall  in  an  expedition  under  Captain 
Stoneman  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Pecos  River  and  in  the 
Guadalupe  Mountains,  and  on  the  Lower  Eio  Grande  during 
the  operations  against  the  Mexican  marauders  under  Cortinas.  Ee 
was  promoted  a  captain  June  28,  1SG0,  but  continued  to  serve  on 
the  Rio  Grande,  and  did  not  join  his  company  at  Fort  Mason  until 
the  24th  of  November,  18G0.  He  was  at  San  Francisco  when  the 
States  in  rebellion  began  to  pass  their  ordinances  of  secession,  and 
at  once  proceeded  to  Washington,  where  he  relinquished  his  leaveof 
absence  on  the  22d  of  July,  1861.     He  was  appointed  a  mustering 


342  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

officer  and  inspector  of  cavalry,  and  assisted  in  raising  the  Sixth 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  mustered  the  officers  and  men  into  the 
service,  assisted  in  organizing,  equipping,  and  drilling  the  regi- 
ment, and  on  the  11th  of  September,  1861,  was  appointed 
lieutenant-colonel  of  that  regiment,  and  served  as  such  until  Feb- 
ruary 3,  1862,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service. 

He  rejoined  the  regiment  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
on  the  15th  of  February,  1862,  where  he  served  until  the  10th  of 
March,  when  he  marched  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
four  days  later  participated  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  Ya. 

He  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign  of  1862, 
and  when  at  Fort  Monroe,  en  route  to  Yorktown,  was  prostrated 
by  typhoid  fever.  He  rejoined  his  company,  on  the  5th  of  June, 
at  White  House,  Va.,  and  on  the  afternoon  of  the  27th  succeeded 
.to  the  command  of  the  regiment  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill. 
He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Savage  Station,  the  skirmish  in 
the  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  and 
retained  the  command  of  the  regiment  until  the  12th  of  August, 
and  marched  from  Harrison's  Landing  to  Williamsburg,  and  thence 
by  the  way  of  York  to  Washington,  where  he  arrived  a  few  days 
before  the  battle  of  Antietam  and  suffered  a  relapse  of  typhoid 
fever.  It  was  apparent  that  he  could  not  endure  the  exposures 
and  hardships  of  field-service,  and  he  was  assigned,  on  the  6th  of 
October,  to  mustering  duty  at  Philadelphia,  where  he  served  until 
February,  1863,  when  he  was  again  prostrated  by  a  severe  illness, 
from  which  he  did  not  recover  until  the  next  July,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  at  Milwaukee  as  an  assistant  commissary  of  musters. 

He  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Third  Cavalry  September  25, 
1863,  and  was  retired  from  active  service  November  2,  1863,  for 
disability  resulting  from  sickness  and  exposure  in  the  line  of  duty. 
He  continued  on  duty  at  Milwaukee  until  January,  1861,  when  he 
was  assigned  to  recruiting  service,  and  had  stations  at  Chicago 
and  Dayton  until  May,  1866,  when  he  was  relieved,  at  his  own 
request,  because  of  continued  ill-health.  He  was  assigned,  in 
September,  1867,  to  reconstruction  duty  in  the  Carolinas,  where 
he  served  on  general  courts-martial  and  military  commissions  until 
November,  1867,  when  he  was  again  relieved,  at  his  own  request, 
and  proceeded  to  his  home  in  Chicago,  where  he  has  since  lived  in 
quiet  retirement. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  343 

14.  Charles  W.  Field  was  born  in  Woodford  County,  Ky. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of 
July,  is  111,  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons  (present  Second 
Cavalry)  us  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that 
regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  June  30,1851.  He  was  stationed 
at  Carlisle  until  the  spring  of  1850,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
frontier  duty  and  served  in  New  Mexico,  Texas,  and  Kansas  until 
1855.  lie  was  appointed  regimental  quartermaster  of  the  Second 
Dragoons  on  the  9th  of  September,  1853,  and  was  serving  in  that 
position  at  Fort  Leavenworth  when  he  was  appointed  a  first  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3, 
1855. 

lie  joined  the  regiment  at  Jefferson  Barracks  on  the  15th  of 
May,  where  he  had  station  until  the  17th  of  August,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  recruiting  service  at  Cincinnati.     He  marched  with 
the  regiment  on  the  27th  of  October  for  Texas,  and  arrived  at 
Fort  Mason  January  14,  185G,  where  he  served  until  the  9th  of 
June,  when  he  was  assigned  to   recruiting  service  at  Carlisle,  and 
on   the  13th   of   September  he  was  transferred   to  the  Military 
Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor  of  cavalry  tactics,  and   con- 
tinued on  that  duty  until  March  10,  1861,  when  he  was  promoted 
a   captain,  to  date  from  January  31,  1861.     He  joined  his  com- 
pany at  Carlisle  and  served  at  Camp  Union,  Va.,  until  the  22d 
of  May,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  after- 
wards tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted  May  30,  1861. 
He  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  captain  in  the  regular 
cavalry  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  cavalry  school  at 
Ashland,  near  Eichmond.     He  was  soon  promoted  a  major  and 
then  a  lieutenant-colonel,  and  in  Sepi ember,  1801,  was  appointed 
colonel  of  the  Sixth  Virginia  Cavalry  and  organized  the  regiment 
during  the  winter  of  18(31-62  at  Manassas,  where  it  formed  a  part 
of  General  Stewart's  cavalry  corps.     He  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
genera]  on  the  9th  of  March,  18C2,  and  assigned  to  the  command 
of  the  Rappahannock  District,  and  met  General  Augur  in  a  skirmish 
at  the  head  of  General  McDowell's  advance  upon  Fredericksburg  in 
April,    1862.      lb'    was   subsequently  withdrawn    to   the    Chicka- 
hominv    River    in    time  to  participate  in    the   seven  days'  battles 
around  Richmond,  his  brigade  leading  in  the  attack  at  Mechanics- 
ville  on  the  26th  of  June,  1862,  and  initiating  that  series  of  grand 


344  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

contests.  Ho  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Cedar  Mountain  and  in 
the  second  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  desperately  wounded,  being  shot 
through  the  hips  and  confined  to  his  bed  for  a  year,  and  compelled 
to  use  crutches  until  January,  1864,  and  he  has  not  yet  fully 
recovered  from  the  effect  of  the  Around.  He  was  appointed  a 
major-general  in  February,  1864,  and  assigned  to  the  command  of 
General  Hood's  old  division  in  General  Long-street's  corps,  which 
was  then  in  East  Tennessee,  and  whence  it  marched  in  time  to 
participate  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  where  it  was  conspicuous 
in  restoring  the  Confederate  right  wing  after  General  Lee,  in  a 
moment  of  intense  excitement,  had  indicated  his  purpose  to  lead 
the  Texas  brigade  (a  part  of  the  division)  in  a  charge  to  recover 
the  lost  ground  and  re-establish  his  right  flank.  During  the 
summer  of  1864,  after  the  tAvo  armies  had  taken  positions  at  Peters- 
burg, he  Avas  assigned  with  his  division  to  the  north  side  of  the 
James  River,  and  continued  to  hold  the  extreme  left  of  the  Con- 
federate line  from  Chapin's  Bluff  to  New  Market  Heights  until  the 
retreat  was  begun  on  the  1st  of  April,  18G5.  During  this  period 
many  hotly-contested  battles  and  engagements  took  place  on  his 
side  of  the  river,  particularly  during  August,  1864,  when  General 
Grant  was  making  persistent  efforts  to  reach  Richmond.  He 
repulsed  a  determined  attack  on  his  line  on  the  14th,  but  not 
until  the  National  troops  had  forced  a  passage  through  two 
brigades  in  his  centre,  which  for  a  moment  seemed  to  open  a  clear 
road  to  Richmond.  It  Avas  a  critical  success  and  admitted  by  the 
Confederates  to  have  rescued  Richmond  from  almost  certain  cap- 
ture. A  few  days  later  he  commanded  the  troops  in  a  severe 
engagement  at  Deep  Bottom,  and  later  in  the  year  he  had  three 
battles  with  General  Butler,  Avho  commanded  the  National  forces 
on  the  north  side  of  the  James  River.  In  the  first  he  assaulted 
the  National  Avorks,  the  other  two  were  initiated  by  General  Butler, 
and  in  each  instance  the  assaulting  force  Avas  repulsed  with  severe 
loss.  When  General  Grant  made  his  final  and  successful  attack  on 
Petersburg,  General  Field  arrived  at  the  city  in  time  to  assist  in 
covering  the  Confederate  retreat,  and  from  that  time  until  the 
surrender  at  Appomattox  Court-House  his  division,  although  daily 
engaged  and  surrounded  by  defeated  and  demoralized  command.--. 
Avas  steady,  ready,  and  willing.  Its  exceptional  conduct  is  scarcely 
known,  because  no  Confederate  reports  of  the  retreat  were  written  ; 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  345 

but  those  who  observed  its  movements  during  the  time  thai  it 
served  as  the  rear-guard  speak  of  it  now  as  the  only  thoroughly 
organized  and  effective  body  of  troops  remaining  in  the  Army  of 
Northern  Virginia,  lie  surrendered,  on  the  9th  of  April,  1865, 
more  than  half  the  entire  infantry  of  that  army — in  fact,  his 
division  was  all  that  General  Longstreet  had  to  command  during 
the  closing  scenes  attending  the  surrender,  and  some  of  the  most 
magnificent  fighting  of  the  war  was  accomplished  by  the  division 
during  these  eventful  April  days,  and  it  passed  out  of  existence, 
having  made  a  superb  record  for  courage  and  discipline. 

lie  engaged  in  business  as  a  commission  merchant  at  Baltimore, 
where  he  lived  until  18G8.  He  then  removed  to  Georgia  and  was 
engaged  in  business  pursuits  until  July,  1875,  when  he  entered  the 
service  of  the  Khedive  as  a  colonel  of  the  staff  (having  been 
appointed  on  the  recommendation  of  General  Sherman),  and  was 
the  inspector-general  of  the  Egyptian  army  of  invasion  during  the 
Abyssinian  War.  Upon  his  return  to  Cairo  he  was  decorated  by 
the  Sultan  of  Turkey,  through  the  Khedive,  with  the  order 
of  Grand  Commander  of  the  Medjidie.  He  returned  to  the 
United  States  in  the  summer  of  1877,  and  on  the  18th  of  April, 
1878,  was  elected  doorkeeper  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of 
the  Forty-sixth  Congress,  and  he  commanded  the  fourth  mili- 
tary division  in  Washington,  D.  C,  at  the  ceremonies  attending 
the  inauguration  of  the  President-elect  of  the  United  States  on  the 
4th  of  March,  1881. 


15.  Kenxee  Gaeeaed  was  born  in  Kentucky  in  1827.  He 
was  prepared  for  college  and  entered  the  freshman's  class  at 
Harvard  University,  and  pursued  the  regular  academic  course 
until  the  end  of  his  sophomore  year  in  1847,  when  he  withdrew  to 
enter  the  Military  Academy,  from  which  he  was  graduated  on  the 
1st  of  July,  1851,  and  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Artillery  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  transferred  in  that  grade  to  the  hirst 
Dragoons  (now  First  Cavalry),  February  20,  1852,  and  was  pro- 
moted, in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  October  31,  1853. 
He  joined  in  December,  1851,  and  served  at  Fort  Mifflin,  Pa., 
until  he  was  transferred  to  the  Dragoons,  when  he  was  ordered  to 


346  MILITARY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

New  Mexico,  and  served  at  Fort  Conrad  and  Albuquerque  until 
1853,  when  he  was  assigned  to  topographical  service  with  the 
Southern  Pacific  Kailway  surveys  from  Dona  Ana,  N.  M.,  to 
Preston,  Texas.  Upon  the  completion  of  this  duty  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Jefferson  Barracks,  where,  after  a  brief  service,  he  was 
sent  to  Carlisle  as  a  cavalry  instructor,  and  thence  on  recruiting 
service  to  Cincinnati,  where  he  was  stationed  when  appointed  a 
first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855. 

He  joined  the  regiment  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  was  appointed 
adjutant  April  20,  1855,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  position 
until  May  31,  1858,  and  marched  with  the  regiment  from  Jefferson 
Barracks    to    Texas,    where   he    also   served  as    acting   assistant 
adjutant-general   of  the  Department  of  Texas,  then  commanded 
by   Colonel   Albert  S.    Johnston.      He   resigned   his   position   as 
regimental   adjutant  to  accept  a  detail  on  recruiting  service,  the 
duties   of   which   he   discharged  until   January,    1861,    when   he 
rejoined  the  regiment  at  Camp  Cooper.     He  was  detained  at  that 
station  by  sickness  when  the  orders  were  received  directing  the 
withdrawal  of  the  troops  from  Texas.    When  he  was  able  to  travel 
he  made  arrangements  to  go  North,  and  while  en  route  for  that 
purpose  was  detained  at  San  Antonio  by  Department  Headquarters, 
and  because  of  this  detention  was  captured  by  the  insurgents  on  the 
12th  of  April,  1861,  and  paroled  as  a  prisoner  of  war,  not  to  serve 
in  the  field  until  he  was  formally  exchanged.     He  then  made  his 
way  with  great  difficulty  to  Washington,  carrying  with  him  twenty 
thousand  dollars  in  government  funds  which  he  had  succeeded  in 
hiding  from  the  insurgents,  and  turned  it  into  the  Treasury.     It 
Avas  urged  by  some  that  his  parole,  having  been  exacted  by  an 
irresponsible  armed  force,  was  not  binding;  but  he  insisted  that 
the  only  proper  settlement  of  the  affair  was  to  exchange  him  in 
accordance    with   its   conditions,  as   the   Texas  troops   had   been 
incorporated   into  the   Confederate  army.      This  was    finally  ac- 
complished on  the  27th  of   August,   18G2.      Meanwhile   he   had 
received  his  promotion  to  a  captaincy  in  the  regiment,  to  date 
from  February  27,   1SG1,  and  was  employed  until  September  of 
that  year  in  the  office  of  the  commissary-general,  when  lie   was 
assigned  to  the  Military  Academy  as  an   assistant  instructor  of 
cavalry,  and  continued  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  posi- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  347 

tion  until  December.  ISO],  when  lie  was  appointed  commandant 

of  the  Corps  of  Cadets  (with  the  local  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel) 
and  instructor  of  artillery,  cavalry,  and  infantry  tactics.  lie  con- 
tinued on  duty  at  the  Military  Academy  until  officially  informed 
that  he  had  been  exchanged  and  was  discharged  from  his  parole, 
when  he  entered  the  field  in  October,  1862,  as  colonel  of  the  One 
Hundred  and  Forty-sixth  New  York  Volunteers,  and  participated 
in  the  Rappahannock  and  Pennsylvania  campaigns,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  and 
other  engagements  of  less  importance,  notably  the  pursuit  of  the 
enemy  to  Warrenton  in  July,  1803,  and  the  Rapidan  campaign, 
including  the  combat  at  Rappahannock  station  and  the  Mine- 
Run  operations,  October-December,  1803.  Ho  succeeded  General 
Weed  (killed  at  Gettysburg)  in  the  command  of  the  Third  Brigade 
of  General  Sykes's  division.  He  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  to  date  from  July  2,  18G3,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  ;  was  appointed  a  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  July  23,  1863,  for  gallantry  at  Gettysburg, 
and  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Third  Cavalry  November  2, 
1863.  He  was  assigned,  in  December,  1863,  to  the  charge  of  the 
Cavalry  Bureau  at  Washington,  but  after  a  brief  service  was 
relieved,  at  his  own  request,  to  take  command  of  the  Second 
Cavalry  Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland,  and  thereafter 
participated  in  the  operations  about  Chattanooga  and  in  the  prin- 
cipal movements  and  operations  of  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and 
was  continuously  employed  on  detached  expeditions  and  was  in 
frequent  combats  and  engagements  with  the  enemy.  His  name  is 
often  mentioned  by  General  Sherman  in  his  "  Memoirs,"  and 
only  once  does  he  find  any  fault  with  his  movements,  which  in  this 
instance  arose  from  what  he  considered  "  the  cautious  pursuit  of 
Garrard's  cavalry"  at  the  Chattahoochee  on  the  3d  of  July,  1864. 
He  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  July  22,  1861,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  expedition  to  Covington, 
Ga.  He  participated  in  the  pursuit  of  General  Hood's  army  from 
Dalton  to  Rome,  Ga.,  and  in  December,  1861,  he  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  Second  Division  of  the  Sixteenth  Army  Corps, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Nashville,  where,  being  on  the  lefl 
of  General  Mc  Arthur's  division,  he  carried  the  enemy's  entrench- 
ments in  his  front  and  captured  all  the  troops  and  artillery  on 


318  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  line.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,  to 
date  from  December  15,  1801,  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to 
date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  conspicuous  gallantry  and  efficiency 
at  the  battle  of  Nashville. 

He  was  transferred  in  the  spring  of  1SG5  to  the  South-west, 
and  participated  in  the  operations  against  Mobile  and  the  siege  of 
Spanish  Fort  and  Fort  Blakely.  He  led  the  successful  storming 
party  in  the  assault  upon  the  latter  fortification,  where  he  was 
distinguished  for  conspicuous  gallantry.  He  then  participated 
in  the  movement  to  Montgomery,  where  he  served  until  August, 
1S65,  and  commanded  thereafter  the  District  of  Mobile  until 
September,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service,  to 
date  from  August  21,  1805.  He  was  then  assigned  as  acting 
assistant  inspector-general  of  the  Department  of  the  Missouri, 
where  he  served  until  the  9th  of  November,  18G6,  when  he 
resigned  his  commission  and  retired  to  private  life,  having  pre- 
viously received  the  brevet  of  major-general,  to  date  from  March 
13/1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  When  he  was  a  captain  in  the  regi- 
ment he  compiled  and  published  "  Nolan's  System  for  Training 
Cavalry  Horses,"  which  was  accepted  as  an  authority  in  the 
army. 

He  settled  at  Cincinnati,  full  of  the  honors  of  war,  and  assumed 
the  duties  of  a  citizen  and  lived  a  quiet  life  for  thirteen  years. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  Flatting  Commission  and  a  member  of 
the  Sewerage  Board,  where  he  performed  valuable  services,  his 
training  having  peculiarly  fitted  him  for  the  duties  of  the  positions. 
He  framed  the  bill  organizing  the  Board  of  Fublic  Works.  He 
was  elected  in  1874,  by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  one  of  the 
Commissioners  of  the  Fifth  Industrial  Exposition,  and  he  was 
chairman  of  the  Committee  on  Space.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Musical  Association,  and  had  charge,  during  the  festivals  of  1875 
and  1878,  of  the  buildings  and  the  safety  and  comfort  of  the 
audiences  in  attendance.  He  also  served,  in  1878,  as  a  director 
of  the  Harmonic  Society.  This  brief  resume  of  his  career  in  civil 
life  shows  how  he  identified  himself  with  the  interests  of  the  city 
of  his  adoption.  He  died  at  the  Grand  Hotel  in  that  city  on 
the  15th  of  May,  1879,  after  three  days'  illness,  of  gangrene  of 
the   bowels.      When    advised    of    approaching    death    he    calmly 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  349 

arranged  his  business,  and,  expressing  complete  resignation,  quietly 
passed  from  earthly  scenes. 

His  death  was  a  public  bereavement,  because  be  always  exerted 
a  powerful  influence  for  good,  and  this  influence  was  a  natural 
growth  from  the  best  qualities  of  a  pure  character.  He  avoided 
pretence  and  ostentation;  his  intimacies  were  few  and  his  tastes 
simple.  It  has  been  well  written  of  him  that  he  became  distin- 
guished in  deserving  estimation  rather  than  in  seeking  it. 

He  was  tall,  handsome,  and  of  more  than  common  physical 
vigor.  His  manners  were  remarkably  epiiet,  and  his  bearing  was 
so  modest  that  those  who  were  not  informed  of  his  record  would 
never  have  suspected  him  of  possessing  the  high  qualities  of  the 
soldier  which  he  displayed  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion.  His 
kindness  when  deserved,  personal  care  for  the  comforts  of  his  men, 
just  discipline  and  discrimination  in  punishing  evil-doers,  gave  his 
command  in  the  field  a  conspicuous  excellence.  The  marked  deli- 
cacy and  sense  of  honor  which  he  displayed  in  insisting  upon  the 
conditions  of  his  parole,  which  was  secured  through  treachery  for 
the  purpose  of  leading  him  into  the  rebellion,  Avas  a  key  to  his 
principles  of  action  throughout  an  honorable  life  and  a  successful 
career.  He  would  not  accept  the  theory  of  well-meaning  friends 
that  the  means  employed  to  secure  his  parole  absolved  him  from 
the  obligations  imposed,  and  he  firmly  declined  to  take  any  active 
part  in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  until  he  was  formally  exchanged. 
He  then  entered  upon  a  brilliant  career,  and  won  rapid  promotion 
to  the  grade  of  a  major-general  on  his  superior  merits  in  the  field  ; 
and  among  the  many  names  now  adorning  the  pages  of  our 
national  history  and  covering  the  period  of  the  war  of  the  Eebel- 
lion, that  of  Kenner  Garrard  shines  forth  as  bright  and  clear  as 
the  unclouded  noonday  sun.  It  required  long  intercourse,  because 
of  his  retiring  nature,  to  understand  his  character.  Even  in 
private  life  his  influence  Avas  dwarfed  by  his  modesty,  yet  those  who 
knew  him  best,  and  who  were  competent  to  judge  a  man  at  his  true 
value,  recognized  in  his  quiet  administration  of  important  public 
trusts  how  capable  and  deserving  ho  Avas  in  the  discharge  of  duty. 
The  estimate  of  his  worth  was  the  reverse  of  that  usually  applied 
to  men.  It  increased  as  men  dreAV  nearer  to  him  and  attained  a 
better  insight  into  his  character. 

He  merited  gratitude  and  high  honor   at   the  hands    of   his 


350  MILITARY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

countrymen.  He  lived  without  reproach  ;  and  he  made  a  record 
which  is  worthy  of  a  careful  study  by  officers  of  the  army  who 
have  yet  to  win  their  laurels. 


17.  William  P.  Chambliss  was  horn  in  Virginia,  and  removed 
in  1836  to  Conyersville,  Tenn.,  where  he  enrolled  in  May,  1816,  in 
Company  E,  First  Tennessee  Mounted  Volunteers,  for  the  Mexican 
War,  and  was  appointed  (at  the  age  of  nineteen  years)  a  second 
lieutenant  on  the  15th  of  June  at  Nashville.  He  participated  in 
the  siege  of  Vera  Cruz  and  in  the  battles  of  Monterey  and  Cerro 
Gordo,  and  was  discharged  with  his  regiment  on  the  31st  of  May, 
1847,  at  New  Orleans.  He  was  appointed,  in  October,  1817,  cap- 
tain of  Company  C,  Third  Tennessee  Volunteers,  and  served  in 
Mexico  until  the  war  was  ended,  when  he  returned  to  Memphis, 
where  he  was  discharged  on  the  21th  of  July,  1818.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  Tennessee  in  1853-51,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  practice  of  law  at  Pulaski,  where  his  professional  and  busi- 
ness prospects  were  most  encouraging  ;  but  having  acquired  while 
in  the  volunteer  service  a  strong  attachment  for  the  profession  of 
arms,  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
(old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855. 

After  a  tour  of  recruiting  service  at  Pulaski  and  Memphis  he 
joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks  on  the  14th  of  Septem- 
ber, and  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Fort  Mason,  Texas,  where 
he  arrived  in  January,  1856,  and  served  at  that  station  and  at 
Camp  Verde  until  May,  1858,  when  he  was  selected  for  recruiting 
service,  and  served  at  Carlisle  until  October,  18G0,  when  he 
returned  to  Texas  with  a  detachment  of  recruits,  and  rejoined  his 
company  at  Camp  Cooper  in  February,  1861.  When  the  Texas 
insurgents  passed  the  ordinance  of  secession  the  station  was  sur- 
rounded by  five  hundred  State  troops,  who  demanded  the  surrender 
of  the  garrison.  The  command  (less  than  two  hundred  men)  was 
cut  off  from  all  communication  and  in  ignorance  of  the  wishes  or 
intentions  of  the  government.  A  forcible  resistance  would  probably 
cause  bloodshed  on  both  sides,  while  a  surrender  might  cause  the 
loyalty  of  the  garrison  to  be  questioned.  Lieutenant  Chambliss,  as 
post  adjutant,  was  in  confidential  relations  with  the  commanding 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  351 

officer,  and  lie  advised  a  rejection  of  the  demands  of  the  insurgents 
and  tin;  maintenance  of  the  National  authority  until  the  receipt,  of 
the  order  of  General  Twiggs,  which  announced  the  surrender  of 
the  department,  when  he  urged  a  march  to  the  coast  with  all 
possible  dispatch,  in  order  to  avoid  the  complications  and  difficul- 
ties that  would  arise  from  a  capture,  and  which  it  was  the  part  of 
wisdom  to  avoid.  This  course  was  pursued,  and  the  command 
marched  to  Indianola,  where  it  embarked  with  the  first  detachmenl 
of  the  regiment  on  the  steamship  Coatzacoalcos  and  sailed  for  New 
York  Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  by  the  way  of  Carlisle  to 
■Washington,  where  it  arrived  on  the  17th  of  April.  He  has  always 
viewed  with  satisfaction  his  course  in  Texas  and  in  all  the  early 
stages  of  the  secession  movement,  and  never  for  one  moment  did 
he  hesitate  to  follow  the  line  of  conduct  which  duty  and  patriotism 
alike  enjoined  upon  him. 

He  was  promoted  a  captain  April  G,  1861,  and  served  at  the 
Capital  until  August,  when  he  was  detached  for  field-service  on 
the  Upper  Potomac.  He  returned  to  Washington  in  September, 
and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city  during  the  winter  of  18G1-G2, 
and  participated  in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  cam- 
paigns, and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  skirmishes 
near  Lee's  Mill  and  Warwick  Creek,  the  battles  of  Williamsburg 
and  Hanover  Court-House,  and  in  the  reconnaissance  from  Hano- 
ver Court-House  to  Ashland,  where,  leading  the  advance,  he  drove 
the  enemy  out  of  the  town,  burned  the  railroad-bridge  over  Stony 
Creek,  and  destroyed  the  telegraph.  He  was  continuously  employed 
on  outpost  and  picket  duty,  and  had  entered  upon  a  brilliant  career, 
which  was  abruptly  terminated  at  Gaines's  Mill,  where,  on  the 
27th  of  June,  while  gallantly  leading  his  command  in  a  charge, 
lie  was  six  times  desperately  wounded  and  left  for  dead  on  the 
field,  and  was  finally  taken  to  Piichmond  as  a  prisoner  of  war.  He 
was  soon  paroled  and  sent  to  St.  Luke's  Hospital  m  New  York 
City,  and  escaped  death  by  a  miracle  ;  but  his  constitution  was  too 
much  shattered  for  further  service  in  the  field,  and  he  was  assigned 
to  the  Military  Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor  of  cavalry  tact  ics, 
and  served  in  that  position  from  October  23,  1862,  to  August  23, 
1864,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Military  Division  of  the 
Mississippi  as  a  special  inspector  of  cavalry,  and  served  in  that, 
capacity  until  April,  18G5.     He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date 


352  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

from  May  4,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  action 
at  Warwick  Creek ;  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  June  27, 
18G2,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's 
Mill;  and  was  promoted  a  major  in  the  Fourth  Cavalry  March  30, 
18G4.  He  joined  his  regiment  in  Texas,  where  he  served  until 
November  1,  1867,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  and  returned 
to  civil  pursuits.  He  has  since  lived  at  Cobourg,  Canada,  where 
he  is  actively  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits,  chiefly  as  the  Presi- 
dent and  General  Manager  of  the  Cobourg,  Peterboro  and  Mamosa 
Railway  and  Mining  Company  of  Canada. 


18.  Robert  N.  Eagle  was  born  in  New  York.  He  served  as 
a  volunteer  in  the  war  with  Mexico,  and  was  engaged  in  civil 
pursuits  in  New  York  City  when  he  was  appointed,  from  Texas, 
a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855. 

He  was  employed  on  recruiting  service  at  St.  Louis  until  the 
7th  of  August,  when  he  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
where  he  had  station  until  the  14th  of  September.  He  was  then 
sent  to  Smithfield,  Ky.,  on  recruiting  service,  and  rejoined  his 
company  on  the  30th  of  October,  then  en  route  to  Texas,  and 
arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  185G.  He  served  at  that 
station  until  June,  1857,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick- 
leave  of  absence  until  February,  1S58.  He  then  reported  at  Car- 
lisle, where  he  served  until  November,  when  he  proceeded  to 
Texas  and  rejoined  at  Camp  Radziminski  in  January,  1859,  and 
commanded  his  company  until  May,  1860.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  brilliant  combat  with  hostile  Comanches  at  Small  Creek,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  on  the  13th  of 
May,  1859,  and  was  commended  in  the  official  report  for  conspicu- 
ous gallantry  and  energy,  and  complimented  in  orders  by  General 
Scott.  He  served  in  the  field  from  May,  1859,  to  May,  I860,  and 
had  temporary  stations  at  the  Brazos  Agenc}r,  Camp  Cooper,  and 
Eagle  Pass.  He  was  then  selected  for  recruiting  service,  and 
served  at  Carlisle  and  New  York  City  until  November,  1861.  He 
was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  April  25, 1S61,  and  joined  his 
company  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  on  the  8th  of  November, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  353 

where  lie  served  until  the  loth  of  January,  1862,  when  he  resigned 
his  commission  and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 


19.  William  W.  Lowe  was  born  in  Brown  County,  Indiana. 
Ee  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 
1853,  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons  (now  Second  Cavalry) 
as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  served  at  Carlisle  until  he  was 
appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Dragoons  (now  First 
Cavalry),  October  22,  185-1,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Jefferson 
Barracks  and  employed  on  recruiting  service  until  he  was  appointed 
a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  3,  1855. 

After  a  tour  of  regimental  recruiting  service  and  purchasing 
horses  at  Cincinnati  he  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks 
on  the  18th  of  August,  and  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas, 
and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  185G.  He  was  promoted 
a  first  lieutenant  December  1,  1856,  and  appointed  adjutant  of  the 
regiment  May  31,  1858,  and  held  the  position  until  he  was  pro- 
moted a  captain,  May  9,  18G1. 

He  experienced  the  usual  career  of  a  cavalry  officer  on  the 
frontier,  and  was  employed  in  garrison  duties  at  Camps  Cooper  and 
Sabinal  and  Forts  Inge,  Belknap,  and  Mason,  and  in  field  opera- 
tions against  hostile  Indians,  and  was  commended  in  orders  from 
the  headquarters  of  the  army  for  good  conduct  in  a  combat,  Au- 
gust 26, 1860,  on  the  Salt  Branch  of  the  Brazos  River. 

When  Texas  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents  he  secured  the 
regimental  records  and  marched  with  Captain  Johnson's  command 
from  Fort  Mason  to  Indianola,  where  he  embarked  with  the 
second  detachment  of  the  regiment  on  the  steamship  Empire  City 
just  in  time  to  escape  capture,  and  sailed  for  New  York  Harbor, 
whence  he  proceeded  by  the  way  of  Carlisle  to  Washington,  where 
he  joined  his  company  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city,  and 
participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign  of  1861,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  Avon  the  commendation  of  his 
brigade  commander  for  daring  intrepidity,  and  the  compliments  of 
the  New  York  Tribune  for  conspicuous  services  in  covering  the 
retreat  of  the  National  army  from  that  field. 

He  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry,  to  date 


354  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

from  December  5,  1SG1,  and  was  employed  at  St.  Louis  until 
February,  1862,  in  organizing,  equipping,  and  drilling  his  regiment. 
He  then  participated  in  the  Tennessee  campaign,  and  was  assigned, 
after  the  fall  of  Fort  Donelson  and  when  the  army  moved  to 
Pittsburg  Landing,  to  the  command  of  Forts  Heiman,  Henry,  and 
Donelson.  When  the  National  army  afterwards  occupied  Nashville 
the  only  reliable  line  of  communication  was  the  Cumberland  Elver, 
and  Fort  Donelson  became  a  very  irritating  obstacle  in  the  way  of . 
the  enemy,  and  General  Van  Dorn  sent  a  message  to  Colonel 
Lowe  that  he  was  coming  down  to  capture  his  command  ;  but  he 
did  not  come.  The  enemy,  however,  under  Generals  Wheeler 
and  Forrest,  made  an  assault  upon  Fort  Donelson  on  the  26th  of 
August,  and  were  handsomely  repulsed  with  a  heavy  loss.  Colonel 
Lowe  was  at  Fort  Henry  at  the  time,  and  upon  being  informed  of 
the  assault  moved  with  six  companies  of  cavalry,  four  companies  of 
infantry,  and  one  field-gun  to  Fort  Donelson,  and  thence  to  the 
Cumberland  Iron- Works,  where  he  overtook  and  defeated  the 
enemy,  and  was  commended  for  his  promptness  and  judgment. 
He  commanded  the  National  forces  in  a  movement  having  for 
its  object  the  recapture  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.,  which  had  just 
surrendered  to  the  Confederates,  and  was  used  as  a  rendezvous 
for  guerrillas,  and  engaged  the  enemy  near  the  town  on  the  7th 
of  September,  where  he  won  a  signal  victory  and  frustrated  an 
attempt  to  destroy  the  Eed  Kiver  bridge.  He  occupied  the  town 
during  the  night,  destroyed  a  large  quantity  of  forage,  captured 
a  number  of  horses  and  a  supply  of  commissary  stores.  He  was 
complimented  in  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  account  of  the  affair 
as  "prudent,  cautious,  and  brave."  His  complete  success  aroused 
the  ire  of  the  citizens,  who  addressed  a  remonstrance  to  General 
Grant,  in  which  they  denounced  a  system  of  warfare  which 
captured  and  destroyed  private  property,  and  asked  that  they 
might  be  informed  if  such  was  the  adopted  policy;  while  the 
enemy  accused  him  of  wanton  cruelties  and  depredations,  and  he 
was  threatened  with  the  penalty  of  not  being  exchanged,  if  cap- 
tured, and  an  order  to  that  effect  was  issued  by  the  Confederate 
War  Department.  The  documents  read  like  the  productions  of 
that  period,  before  the  insurgents  recognized  the  truth  that  those 
who  have  sown  the  wind  shall  reap  the  whirlwind.  His  name  was 
in   the  first  considerable  list  of  brigadier-generals  of  volunteers 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  355 

nominated  to  the  Senate  early  in  November,  1862,  but  the  opposi- 
tion of  a  United  States  Senator  from  Iowa  defeated  his  confirmation. 
This  unexpected  adverse  action  did  not  influence  his  conduct  in 
any  degree,  and  he  continued  to  discharge  his  duties  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  win  the  cordial  approval  of  his  superiors. 

lie  participated  in  the  cavalry  operations  in  Middle  Tennessee, 
North  Alabama,  and  Georgia,  and  commanded  a  brigade,  and  later 
the  Third  Division  Cavalry  Corps  from  March,  1863,  to  July,  1864, 
and  was  frequently  engaged  with  the  enemy,  and  won  the  brevet  of 
major,  to  date  from  October  9,  18G3,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  cavalry  engagement  near  Chickamauga,  and  the 
brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  December  15,  1863,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  cavalry  action  near  Ilunts- 
ville.  He  was  recommended,  in  May  or  June,  1863,  by  Generals 
Thomas  and  Eosecrans  for  appointment  as  a  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers,  and  after  the  battle  of  Chickamauga  General  Thomas 
was  instructed  to  forward  to  the  Secretary  of  War  the  names  of 
such  officers  as  he  desired  to  have  promoted,  and  the  appointments 
would  be  made.  Colonel  Lowe  was  one  of  five  officers  selected, 
but  he  was  ignored,  while  the  other  four  were  appointed.  The 
causes  which  led  to  these  refusals  to  promote  a  deserving  officer, 
who  had  been  recommended  by  those  who  were  fully  competent  to 
estimate  a  man  at  his  true  value,  demand  a  brief  mention. 

It  was  charged  by  some  of  the  Iowa  newspapers  that  he  had  pre- 
vented the  men  of  his  regiment  from  voting  for  State  officers  at  the 
annual  elections  of  1862  and  1863.  It  had  been  shown  that  the 
failure  to  vote  in  1862  was  an  unintentional  omission,  and  that  the 
regiment  did  not  have  an  opportunity  to  vote  in  1863,  as  it  was  en- 
gaged, on  the  day  designated  by  law  for  that  purpose,  in  pursuing 
and  fighting  the  enemy.  Colonel  Lowe,  then  commanding  the  First 
Brigade  (composed  of  seven  regiments,  and  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
service)  of  the  Second  Cavalry  Division,  was  encamped  on  Elk 
River,  en  route  from  Murfreesboro  to  Bellefonte,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  effect,  if  possible,  a  junction  with  General  Crook,  who 
was  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy's  cavalry,  which  had  crossed  the  river 
above  Chattanooga.  He  moved  on  the  7th  of  October,  marched 
forty  miles  that  day,  fought  and  defeated  the  enemy  during  the 
afternoon,  and  pushed  ahead  the  next  day  ten  miles  beyond 
Shelby ville,  where  he  joined  General  Crook  and  learned  that  the 


356  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

enemy  had  been  engaged  and  was  then  retreating.  He  pursued 
on  the  9th  and  overtook  the  rear-guard  about  ten  o'clock  a.m. 
with  his  regiment  in  the  advance,  and  an  engagement  followed, 
towards  the  end  of  which  the  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry  made  a  brilliant 
sabre-charge  and  drove  the  enemy  in  every  direction,  when  the 
pursuit  was  renewed  and  continued  until  nightfall.  He  then 
turned  and  pursued  General  Eoddy's  command  until  the  11th, 
and  from  that  date  until  the  29th  his  brigade  was  constantly 
marching.  The  State  commissioner  appointed  to  receive  the  vote 
of  the  Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry  was  with  the  command  when  the  order 
arrived  for  this  movement,  and  was  invited  to  accompany  the  regi- 
ment, being  promised  if  he  did  so  that  he  would  have  a  chance  to 
see  how  well  the  regiment  could  fight.  Colonel  Lowe  offered  him 
every  facility  within  his  power  to  induce  him  to  accompany  the 
regiment  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  the  votes  of  the  men  at  the 
proper  time,  but  he  declined  the  invitation,  giving  as  a  reason  that 
he  was  not  in  good  health  and  riding  did  not  agree  with  him. 
When  he  was  subsequently  asked  to  refute  these  slanders  he  ac- 
knowledged that  he  had  been  kindly  received  and  admitted  all  the 
material  facts.  The  Davenport  (Iowa)  Weekly  Gazette  of  Decem- 
ber 3,  18G3,  published  a  complete  vindication  of  Colonel  Lowe 
against  these  malicious  slanders,  which  was  signed  by  Major 
Young  for  himself  and  all  the  members  of  the  regiment,  and  in 
which  were  stated  the  facts  as  already  narrated. 

General  Thomas  was  very  active  in  his  efforts  to  secure  the 
promotion  of  Colonel  Lowe,  and  wrote  on  the  18th  of  November, 
1863,  that  he  regarded  him  as  "  an  able,  patriotic,  and  deserving- 
officer,"  and  expressed  his  regrets  that  he  was  not  promoted  in 
November,  1862,  and  referred  in  the  highest  terms  to  his  gallant 
conduct  and  valuable  services  under  General  Crook  in  the  pursuit 
of  the  Confederate  cavalry  during  their  raid  on  the  Nashville  and 
Chattanooga  Railroad ;  and  again,  on  the  11th  of  February,  1861,  he 
wrote  as  follows:  "  I  recommended  him  for  promotion  to  the  Sec- 
retary of  War  (by  telegraph)  for  his  efficiency  and  energy  while  in 
command  of  the  troops  stationed  at  Forts  Henry  and  Donelson  in 
1862  and  the  spring  of  1863,  and  also  for  the  zeal  and  intelligence 
displayed  by  him  in  disciplining,  and  caring  for  the  wants  of,  his 
brigade."  He  was  also  recommended  for  promotion  by  General 
Rosecrans  upon  the  petition  of  the  officers  of  his  regiment,  and 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  357 

General  Thomas  endorsed  the  recommendation,  that  lie  would  be 
very  glad  to  have  him  promoted,  because  lie  had  earned  advance- 
ment by  an  intelligent  management  of  the  command  intrusted  to 
him,  and  because  of  his  constant  devotion  to  his  duties  and  the 
important  service  rendered  by  him  in  behalf  of  the  government. 
Before  all  this  General  Grant  had  recommended  him  for  promo- 
tion. 

When  these  newspaper  attacks  were  made  upon  Colonel  Lowe 
he  was  commanding,  in  the  absence  of  General  Crook,  the  Second 
Cavalry  Division  of  the  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  his  brilliant 
services  as  a  faithful  and  gallant  soldier  who  had  discharged  his 
whole  duty  to  the  government  were  deserving  of  a  substantial 
acknowledgment  from  those  who  were  then  dispensing  the  gifts  of 
the  nation. 

He  was  serving  with  his  regiment  at  Nashville  when  he  was 
summoned,  on  the  2d  of  April,  1864,  to  Chattanooga  to  command 
and  reorganize  the  Third  Cavalry  Division  of  the  Army  of  the 
Cumberland,  then  composed  of  nine  regiments  and  a  battery  of 
artillery ;  but  the  vacancy  in  the  command  not  occurring  as 
was  expected,  he  returned  on  the  25th  to  Nashville,  as  there 
was  no  suitable  command  for  him.  lie  subsequently  relieved 
General  Kilpatrick  (who  was  wounded)  of  the  command  of  the 
division,  and  retained  it  until  July  22,  1861,  and  participated  in 
the  operations  about  Atlanta  during  the  summer  of  1861,  and 
successfully  held  Adairsville,  Carterville,  and  Kingston,  where  he 
was  conspicuous  for  important  services.  He  was  also  employed  in 
maintaining  communications  between  Generals  Thomas  and  Alc- 
Pherson  during  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  from  Resaca  to  Cassville, 
and  when  General  Johnston  began  the  movement  to  Allatoona 
he  was  sent  to  the  rear  to  protect  the  railroad.  When  General 
Kilpatrick  returned  to  the  command  of  the  division  at  Carterville, 
Ga.,  he  wrote  a  letter  to  the  chief  of  cavalry  of  the  Army  of 
the  Cumberland,  dated  July  22,  1861,  saying  :  "  I  find  the  division 
in  good  condition  and  much  improved  during  my  absence,  for 
which  Colonel  Lowe  deserves  great  credit." 

He  was  then  ordered  to  Nashville  for  the  purpose  of  remount- 
ing the  cavalry  of  the  Armies  of  the  Cumberland,  Tennessee,  and 
Ohio,  and  on  January  13,  1865,  his  regiment  was  transferred  from 
the  Sixth  to  the  Fourth  Division,  and  he  relinquished  the  com- 


358  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

maud  of  the  Second  Brigade  of  the  Sixth  Cavalry  Division  of  the 
Military  Division  of  the  Mississippi,  and  was  mustered  out  of  vol- 
unteer service,  at  his  own  request,  on  the  24th  of  January,  18G5. 
He  was  then  assigned  as  acting  assistant  provost-marshal-general, 
superintendent  of  Volunteer  Eecrui ting  Service,  and  chief  mustering 
and  disbursing  officer  for  Kansas,  Nebraska,  Colorado,  and  Dakota, 
and  was  thus  employed  at  Fort  Leavenworth  from  the  lGth  of 
March,  18G5,  to  the  30th  of  July,  18G6,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence  and  rejoined  his  regiment  at  Nashville  in  October. 
He  was  promoted,  in  November,  a  major  in  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  July  31,  18GG,  and  was  on  duty  in  California  and  on 
waiting  orders  until  November,  1867,  when  he  reported  at  New 
Orleans,  where  he  was  employed  on  general  court-martial  duty 
until  May,  1869,  when  he  was  granted  a  leave  of  absence  for  one 
year,  and,  without  joining  his  regiment,  tendered  his  resignation, 
which  was  accepted  June  22,  1869. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  a  brevet 
colonel,  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field  during  the 
war  of  the  Eebellion. 

He  has  since  resided  at  Omaha,  Neb.,  and  has  been  actively 
engaged  in  business  pursuits,  chiefly  real  estate  in  that  city,  mining 
operations  in  Utah,  and  as  treasurer  of  the  Omaha  Smelting  and 
Eefining  Works.  During  the  year  1880  he  organized  a  company 
upon  mining  properties  in  Idaho,  built  smelting-works  at  Salmon 
Eiver,  and  is  now  the  general  manager  and  treasurer  of  the  com- 
pany. 


20.  James  E.  Harrison  was  born  in  Virginia  in  1832.  He 
was  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  United  States  Eevenue  Service, 
1853-56,*  and  participated,  as  a  volunteer,  in  an  Indian  campaign 
in  Washington  Territory,  October-December,  1855,  and  was  engaged 
in  combats  on  White  and  Green  rivers  on  the  4th  and  5th  of 
November,  and  was  on  duty  near  Lieutenant  Slaughter  when  that 
officer  was  killed  on  the  night  of  December  4,  1855.  He  conducted 
the  remaining  men  (fifty-one)   of  Slaughter's   command  to  Fort 

*IIe  was  presented  with  a  silver  goblet  by  the  citizens  of  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  January, 
1*51,  in  appreciation  of  his  valuable  services  and  courageous  bearing  while  attempting  to  rescue 
the  officers  and  men  of  the  revenue  cutter  Hamilton,  which  was  wrecked  December  9,  1853. 


MILITARY   EECOHDS   OF   OFFICERS.  359 

Steilacoom,  and  was  specially  commended  in  orders  for  conspicuous 
gallantry  during  the  campaign.  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  was 
officially  informed,  by  a  letter  dated  December  23,  1855,  that  Lieu- 
tenant Harrison  had  acted  with  great  coolness  and  bravery  in  two 
encounters  with  the  enemy,  and  that  his  conduct  was  deserving  of 
high  praise. 

He  was  appointed,  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  as  a  reward 
for  gallant  and  valuable  services  in  Washington  Territory,  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
June  27,  185G,  and  joined  at  Camp  Cooper,  Texas,  in  December, 
where  he  had  station  until  June,  1858,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Fort  Belknap,  and  thence  to  Camp  Kadziminski  for  service  with 
the  Wichita  expedition  of  1858,  and  participated  in  the  brilliant 
action  at  Wichita  Village  on  the  1st  of  October,  where  he  killed 
two  warriors  in  hand-to-hand  conflicts,  and  was  commended  in  or- 
ders from  the  headquarters  of  the  army  for  conspicuous  gallantry. 
He  participated  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Small  Creek,  a  tributary 
of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  May  13,  1859,  and  won  a 
mention  in  the  official  report  for  conspicuous  gallantry,  and  was 
complimented  in  orders  by  General  Scott. 

He  was  on  a  leave  of  absence  from  June,  1859,  to  February, 
18G0,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Eagle  Pass,  where  he  had 
station  until  September,  when  he  availed  himself  of  another  leave 
of  absence  and  rejoined  at  Einggold  Barracks  in  January,  1861, 
and  was  commanding  his  company  at  Camp  Cooper  when  Texas 
was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents.  He  marched  from  that  station 
to  Indianola,  where  he  embarked  with  the  first  detachment  of  the 
regiment  on  the  steamship  Coatzacoalcos  and  sailed  for  New  York 
Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Washington,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  17th  of  April,  1861. 

He  was  offered  many  inducements,  in  the  way  of  promotion  and 
rapid  advancement,  to  resign  his  commission  and  join  the  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  but  he  never  for  one  moment  hesitated 
concerning  the  line  of  conduct  which  duty  and  patriotism  alike 
enjoined  upon  him. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  February  27,  1861,  and  a 
captajn  May  30,  1801,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  AVashington 
and  at  Fall's  Church,  Va.,  until  about  the  1st  of  July,  when  he 
participated  in   the  Manassas  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 


360  MILITAEY   RECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  won  the  commendation  of  his  brigade 
commander  for  daring  intrepidity  and  gallantry  in  action  and  for 
valuable  services  during  the  retreat  of  the  National  army,  lie 
served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62, 
and  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Mary- 
land campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run, 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in  almost 
daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Rich- 
mond ;  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  where  he  captured  two 
companies  of  Confederate  infantry  and  won  a  special  mention  in 
the  report  of  General  McClellan  for  gallant  conduct ;  the  recon- 
naissances towards  Ashland  and  the  White  House  (commanding 
five  companies);  the  skirmish  near  St.  Mary's  Church  (command- 
ing); with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  and  in  the 
Vattles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam. 

He  commanded  the  regiment  from  the  19th  of  September  to 
the  28th  of  November,  1802  ;  from  the  28th  of  December,  1862,  to 
the  19th  of  March,  1803  ;  and  from  the  1st  of  April  to  the  13th  of 
June,  1803,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown, 
the  engagement  near  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  at  TJpperville, 
Markham's  Station,  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  and  Amissville,  and 
tbe  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth.  He  participated  in  General 
Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April-May,  1803,  during  the 
progress  of  which  he  prevented,  by  a  brilliant  act  of  strategy,  the 
capture  of  the  regiment  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads ;  and  in  the 
battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallantry. 

His  successful  career  during  these  operations  gave  promise  of  a 
brilliant  future,  but  the  exposures  of  field-service,  and  a  sunstroke 
received  just  after  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  from  which  he 
never  fully  recovered,  proved  too  severe  for  his  constitution,  and 
he  was  compelled  to  accept  less  active  service  at  Portland,  Maine, 
where  he  had  station  until  December,  1803,  and  commanded,  as  a 
volunteer,  the  troops  on  board  the  gunboat  Agawam,  which  was 
dispatched  in  pursuit  of  the  steamer  Chesapeake,  captured  by 
pirates  on  the  9th  of  December.  His  services  were  recognized  as 
very  valuable  in  every  way,  and  more  particularly  because  of  the 
many  difficulties  which  were  encountered  and  his  promptness  and 
energy  in  overcoming  them.     He  served  in  the  Cavalry  Bureau  at 


MILITARY   RECORDS  OF  OFFICERS.  361 

Washington  from  January  to  July,  1864,  when  he  was  appointed  a 
Bpecial  inspector  of  cavalry  and  employed  in  the  Department  of 
Arkansas  until  January,  1865.     He  was  then   transferred  to  the 

Military  Division  of  West  Mississippi,  where  he  served  until  June, 
1SG7,  when  rapidly  failing  health  compelled  him  to  return  to  his 
home  in  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  died  of  consumption  on  the 
4th  of  November,  18G7. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  May  27,  1SG2,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court- 
House,  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  September 
17,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of 
Antietam. 

He  was  offered  positions  early  in  the  war  in  two  volunteer 
regiments— one  from  New  York,  the  other  from  Pennsylvania— 
either  of  which  he  would  have  accepted  but  for  the  influence  of 
the  chief  of  cavalry,  who  opposed  an  acceptance  on  the  ground  that 
his  services  were  more  urgently  required  with  his  regiment,  because 
so  few  officers  were  serving  with  the  regular  cavalry.  Later  in  the 
war  he  would  have  gladly  accepted  a  volunteer  commission,  but 
these  were  then  bestowed  by  the  governors  upon  the  citizens  of 
their  States,  while  he,  claiming  a  home  in  the  District  of  Columbia, 
had  no  State  influence  and  knew  nothing  of  the  intricacies  of 
political  methods. 


21.  Wesley  Owexs  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1832.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1850, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant. He  joined  at  Fort  Clark,  Texas,  on  the  9th  of  December, 
and  at  once  volunteered  for  field-service,  and  participated  on  the 
21st  in  a  combat  with  a  band  of  Muscalero  Apaches  near  the  Rio 
Grande,  where  the  savages  were  routed  with  a  severe  loss  and 
driven  across  the  river  into  Mexico.  He  served  at  Forts  Clark 
and  Mcintosh  until  May,  1858,  and  defeated  a  band  of  Li  pans  and 
Oomanches  near  Salamonana  on  the  15th  of  November,  1857,  and 
compelled  them  to  abandon  the  vicinity  of  Laredo,  where  they  had 
been  committing  depreciations. 

He  participated  in  the  concentration  of  the  regiment  at  Fort 
Belknap  for  the  purpose  of  marching  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  but 


362  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

when  the  order  was  revoked  lie  was  assigned  to  Camp  Hudson, 
where  lie  arrived  in  August,  1858,  and  had  station  until  April, 
1859,  when  he  participated  in  Captain  Brackett's  march  over 
the  Great  Comanche  trail  and  in  the  subsequent  movement  into 
Chihuahua,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  at  the  Presidio  de  San 
Vicente,  May  2,  185(J.  He  participated,  during  the  summer  of 
1859,  in  Captain  Stoneman's  reconnaissance  towards  the  Upper 
Pecos  River  and  through  the  Guadalupe  Mountains  to  Fort 
Stanton,  N.  M.  He  then  served  at  Camps  Ives  and  Verde  and  on 
the  Rio  Grande  until  October,  1S60,  and  was  twice  commended  in 
orders  from  the  headquarters  of  the  army  for  good  conduct  in 
engagements  with  hostile  Indians. 

He  served  at  the  Military  Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor 
of  Spanish  from  November  9,  1860,  to  September  3,  1861,  when 
he  was  appointed  an  assistant  instructor  of  cavalry  tactics,  and 
served  in  that  position  until  October  23,  1861,  when  he  was 
relieved  and  joined  the  regiment  in  the  defenses  of  Washington. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  March  21,  1861,  and  a 
captain  January  15,  1862,  and  was  employed  as  an  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  of  Maryland  volunteers  from  December  23,  1861, 
to  March  8, 1862,  when  lie  rejoined  the  regiment  and  participated 
in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown, 
the  battles  of  Williamsburg  (on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-General  Edwin 
V.  Sumner)  and  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards 
the  "White  House,  and  in  the  operations  of  the  seven  days'  battles 
before  Richmond  (was  cut  off  from  the  main  army),  including  the 
skirmishes  near  Sycamore  Church  (commanding)  and  White  Oak 
Swamp,  the  reconnaissance  to  Malvern  Hill  (commanding),  the 
reconnaissance  to  Burnt  Bridge  (commanding),  with  the  regiment 
as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during 
the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain 
and  Antietam,  the  skirmishes  near  Shepherdstown  and  Halltown, 
the  reconnaissance  to  Halltown  (commanding),  the  skirmishes 
near  Union  and  Upperville,  and  the  actions  at  Markham's  Station, 
Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  and  Amissville.  He  commanded  the  regi- 
ment from  November  28  to  December  28,  1862,  and  was. employed 
on  the  right  flank  of  the  National  army  at  the  battle  of  Freder- 
icksburg.    He  was  appointed  an  assistant  inspector-general  with 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  303 

the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  January  1,  1863,  and 
assigned  to  the  Third  Army  Corps,  and  served  in  thai  position 
until  March  23,  1808,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Kelly's 
Ford.  He  then  resumed  the  command  of  the  regiment,  which  he 
retained  until  the  1st  of  April,  when  he  rejoined  his  company 
and  participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond, 
April-May,  1803,  and  while  gallantly  leading  a  charge  at  Fleming's 
Cross-Roads  was  captured  and  sent  to  Richmond.  lie  was  soon 
paroled  and  assigned  to  Hartford,  Conn.,  as  an  inspector  in  the 
provost-marshal-general's  office,  where  he  served  from  June  8, 1863, 
to  March  15, 1864,  when  he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  provost- 
marshal  for  Rhode  Island  and  served  at  Providence  until  September 
19,  1864.  He  was  then  assigned  to  the  Military  Academy  as  princi- 
pal assistant  professor  of  Spanish,  and  discharged  the  duties  of  the 
office  from  September  21,  1804,  to  January  24,  1865.  He  then 
served  as  assistant  in  the  provost-marshal-general's  office  at  Wash- 
ington from  the  1st  of  February  to  the  12th  of  May,  18G5,  when 
he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  Eighth  Ohio  Cavalry,  and  served 
in  Western  Virginia  until  June  30,  1805,  when  he  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service.  He  commanded  the  regiment  at  Cumber- 
land, Md.,  and  Washington  from  September  19,  1865,  to  March  5, 
1866,  and  was  employed  on  general  court-martial  duty  at  Annapolis, 
Md.,  until  the  24th  of  June,  when  he  returned  to  Washington, 
where  he  had  station  until  November  25,  1866.  He  then  availed 
himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  and  proceeded  to  California,  and 
was  on  duty  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Military  Division  of  the 
Pacific  when  he  died,  of  consumption,  at  Suisun  City  on  the  11th 
of  August,  1867. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  May  27,  1S62,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court- 
House,  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion. 


22.  Abraham  K.  Arnold  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  duly,  1859, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  to  the  regiment  a  second  lieutenant, 


364  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Jane  28,  1860.  He  served  at  Carlisle  until  October,  I860,  when 
lie  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits  from  New  York  by  sea  to 
Indianola,  whence  he  marched  by  the  way  of  San  Antonio  to  Fort 
Inge,  Texas,  where  he  joined  on  the  2d  of  December,  and  was 
employed  during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1860-61  as  adjutant, 
commissary,  and  quartermaster,  and  in  field  operations  against 
hostile  Indians.  He  commanded  his  company  during  the  last  tour 
of  field-service  which  was  performed  in  Texas  by  any  part  of  the 
regiment,  and  pursued,  in  February,  1861,  a  party  of  Comanches 
who  had  organized  a  formidable  raid  upon  the  settlements  between 
Camp  Wood  and  Fort  Inge.  He  conducted  his  operations  with 
so  much  energy  and  intelligence  that  he  soon  forced  them  to  retreat 
across  the  Rio  Grande.  He  marched  from  Fort  Inge  for  the  sea- 
coast,  March  19,  1861,  and,  upon  arrival  at  Indian ola,  embarked 
with  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment  on  the  steamship 
Empire  City  just  in  time  to  escape  capture,  and  sailed  for  New 
York  Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  27th  of  April. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  April  6,  1861,  and  was 
appointed  adjutant  of  the  regiment  June  1,  1861.  He  parti- 
cipated in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and  in  the  skirmishes 
near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill ;  served  in  the  defenses  of 
Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62  ;  participated  in  the 
Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in  almost 
daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Rich- 
mond. He  resigned  his  position  as  adjutant  May  9,  1862,  to 
accept  the  command  of  a  company,  and  was  engaged  with  the 
enemy  at  Hanover  Court-House,  where,  with  his  squadron,  he  com- 
manded the  advance  and  opened  the  battle.  He  participated  in 
the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  and  charged  with  his  squadron 
through  the  town  in  conjunction  with  another  squadron  of  the 
regiment,  and  dispersed  the  enemy,  captured  some  prisoners,  and 
destroyed  a  large  quantity  of  supplies.  He  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  disastrous  charge  of  the  regiment  at  Gaines's  Mill,  which 
disabled  him  for  any  service  until  September,  1862,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer,  and  served  in 
New  York  and  Boston  until  September,  1863.     He  was  promoted 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  303 

a  captain  July  17,  1862,  and  commanded  the  regiment  almost 
continuously  from  October  12,  1863,  to  July  24,  1864,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  combat  at  Bristoe  Station,  the  operations  at  Mine 
Run  ;  in  the  raid  to,  and  action  at,  Charlottesville  ;  the  action 
at  Stannardsville,  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford,  the  battle  of 
Todd's  Tavern,  the  actions  at  Beaver  Dam,  Yellow  Tavern,  and 
Meadow  Bridge,  the  skirmish  near  Meehanicsville,  the  battles  of 
Cold  Harbor  and  Treviliian  Station,  and  marched  to  the  relief  of 
General  Wilson  at  Reems's  Station  when  that  ofliccr  made  his 
raid  on  the  South  Side  Railroad.  lie  then  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence,  and  when  en  route  to  rejoin  the  regiment  was 
assigned  to  the  Military  Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor  of 
cavalry  tactics,  and  held  the  position  from  August  23,  1861,  to 
August  28,  1800,  when,  having  been  promoted  a  major  in  the  Sixth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  22,  18G9,  he  was  relieved  and  ordered 
to  join  his  regiment.  During  his  service  at  the  Military  Academy 
he  prepared  and  published  a  valuable  work  entitled  "Notes  on 
Horses  for  Cavalry  Service." 

He  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  June  27,  1862 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill, 
and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern. 

He  proceeded  to  Texas,  and,  after  serving  at  Fort  Brown  and 
Waco,  joined  the  headquarters  of  his  regiment  at  Fort  Richardson 
on  the  18th  of  June,  1870,  and  thereafter  served  in  that  State  and 
Kansas,  and  was  employed  in  the  usual  garrison  and  field  duties, 
until  September,  1872,  when  he  was  appointed  a  disbursing  officer 
in  the  Freedmen's  Bureau  and  served  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  until 
November,  1878,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  the  spring  of  1S79.  He  then  rejoined  his  regiment,  and  was 
placed  in  command  of  the  field  operations,  in  South-eastern  Ari- 
zona, against  the  hostile  Apaches  who  were  raiding  in  ^sew  Mexico. 
He  served  with  an  expedition  into  old  Mexico  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Lake  Guzmar,  and  co-operated  with  the  forces  in  ~Kc\y  Mexico 
and  with  the  Mexican  troops,  which  resulted  in  destroying  a  large 
band  of  savages.  When  relieved  from  this  command  in  October, 
1879,  he  was  thanked  by  the  department  commander  for  the 
efficient  discharge  of  his  many  and  difficult  duties.  He  then 
served  as  a  post  commander  until  the  winter  of  1880-81,   when 


366  MILITAKY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

he  was  appointed  acting  assistant  inspector-general  of  the  De- 
partment of  Arizona,  and  continued  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties 
of  that  office  until  the  summer  of  1882,  when  he  was  relieved, 
at  his  own  request,  and  served  with  his  regiment  until  Decem- 
ber, when  he  was  again  appointed  an  acting  assistant  inspector- 
general  and  assigned  to  the  important  duty  of  inspecting  the  mili- 
tary posts  within  the  Department  of  Arizona. 


23.  William  McLean  was  born  in  New  York  in  1833.  He 
was  appointed,  from  New  Jersey,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
(old  Second)  Cavalry,  March  27,  1861,  and  joined  his  company  at 
Carlisle  on  the  28th  of  April,  and  participated  in  General  Patter- 
son's Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at 
Falling  Waters  and  the  skirmish  at  Martinsburg.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  first  lieutenant  May  9,  1861,  and  ordered  to  Washington, 
where  he  served  (commanding  company)  from  the  5  th  of  July  to 
the  22d  of  September.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of 
absence  until  the  23d  of  October,  when  he  rejoined  the  regiment 
and  served  (commanding  company)  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  and  participated  in  the  Manassas 
and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege 
of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in  almost  daily 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond, 
the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards 
Ashland,  and  the  action  at  Old  Church,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded  (sabre-cuts)  and  captured.  He  was  immediately  paroled, 
as  the  enemy  was  unable  to  care  for  wounded  prisoners,  and  re- 
mained at  Fort  Monroe  under  medical  treatment  until  October, 
when  he  was  exchanged  and  assigned  to  recruiting  service  at 
Carlisle.  He  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862, 
and  upon  the  organization  of  his  company  (M)  on  the  23d  of 
February,  1863,  conducted  it  to  Washington,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  13th  of  March  and  encamped  on  Capitol  Hill.  He  was 
soon  compelled  to  relinquish  his  command  because  of  rapidly 
failing  health  which  followed  the  treatment  of  the  wounds  received 
at  Old  Church,  and  he  died  of  fever  at  the  Clarendon  Hotel  in 
Washington  on  the  13th  of  April,  1863. 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  367 

24.  Louis  D.  Watkixs  was  born  in  Florida,  Ifc  was  ap- 
pointed, from  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  first  lieutenant  in  the 
Fourteenth  Infantry  May  14,  1861,  and  was  transferred,  on  the 
22d  of  June,  in  that  grade  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  with 
his  original  rank,  and  was  promoted  a  captain  July  17,  1SG2.  lie 
joined  the  regiment  at  Washington  in  July,  and  served  in  the  city 
and  at  Poolsville,  Md.,  until  the  22d  of  September,  when  lie 
returned  to  Washington  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city 
during  the  winter  of  18G1-G2,  and  participated  in  the  Manassas 
and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skir- 
mish at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg, and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the 
advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House, 
the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  and  was  severely  wounded  in 
the  disastrous  charge  of  the  regiment  at  Gaines's  Mill  and  com- 
pelled to  avail  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  October, 
1862. 

He  served  as  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer  at  Covington 
and  Cincinnati,  and  as  an  aide-de-camp  to  General  Andrew  J.  Smith 
during  the  Confederate  invasion  of  Kentucky  until  the  1st  oi 
December,  when  he  was  appointed  chief  of  cavalry  for  the  Army 
of  Kentucky,  and  won  the  brevet  of  major,  to  date  from  January 
8,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  with  Carter's  expedi- 
tion into  East  Tennessee  during  the  winter  of  1862-63.  He  was 
appointed  colonel  of  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
January  23,  1863,  and  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to 
date  from  March  5,  18G3,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  battle  of  Thompson's  Station,  Tenn. 

When  encamped  with  his  regiment  near  Fort  Granger  lie  ren- 
dered a  conspicuous  service  to  General  Rosecrans's  army  by  detect- 
ing and  arresting,  on  the  afternoon  of  the  8th  of  June,  1863,  two 
Confederate  spies  (commissioned  officers)  who  had  succeeded  in 
entering  Fort  Granger  by  using  forged  papers  which  represented 
them  to  be  special  inspectors  of  the  United  States  army.  They 
had  succeeded  in  making  a  thorough  inspection  of  the  fortification, 
and  were  nearly  half  a  mile  away,  en  route  to  the  Confederate 
•  lines  with  the  valuable  information  thus  acquired,  when  Colonel 
Watkins,  who  had  met  them  as  they  were  leaving  the  fort,  and,  hav- 
ing his  suspicions  aroused  by  what  seemed  a  familiar  face,  followed 


368  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

with  an  orderly,  after  asking  the  commandant  a  few  questions, 
and  effected  their  arrest  so  quietly  that  they  were  unconscious  of 
the  trap  into  which  he  led  them  until  it  was  too  late  to  offer  any 
resistance.  They  were  tried  that  night  by  a  drum-head  court- 
martial,  convicted  as  spies,  sentenced  to  death,  and  hanged  before 
ten  o'clock  the  next  morning.  One  of  the  officers  was  William  0. 
Williams,  who  had  resigned,  as  a  first  lieutenant,  from  the  Fifth 
Cavalry  on  the  10th  of  June,  1861.* 

He  commanded  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  First  Division,  Army 
of  the  Cumberland,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Chickamauga. 
lie  then  participated  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and  was  made  a 
brevet  colonel  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  to 
date  from  June  24,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in 
defeating  the  enemy  at  the  battle  of  Lafayette,  Ga.  He  assisted 
in  holding  Resaca  against  the  assaults  of  the  enemy,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  pursuit  of  General  Hood's  army,  and  was  made  a 
brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  defense  of  Resaca.  He  participated 
in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  in  Kentucky,  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Nashville,  and  commanded  the  First  Division  of  the 
Cavalry  Corps,  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  from  that  field. 

He  was  appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from 
September  25,  1865,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  in  April,  1866,  which  he  retained  until  he  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service,  to  date  from  September  1,  1866.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  recruiting  service  in  that  city,  and  upon  the 
reorganization  of  the  army  in  November,  1866,  when  the  Second 
Battalion  of  the  Eleventh  Infantry  was  constituted  the  Twentieth 
Infantry,  he  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  new  organiza- 
tion, to  date  from  July  28,  1866,  and  was  serving  with  his  regiment 
at  New  Orleans,  La.,  when  he  died,  of  disease,  on  the  29th  of 
March,  1868. 

He  commanded  his  regiment  until  within  a  few  days  of  his 
death,  and  was  universally  esteemed  for  his  urbanity  and  generous 
disposition. 

*  The  details  of  this  tragic  incident  of  the  war  of  the  Kebellion  arc  fully  narrated  in  the 
military  record  of  First  Lieutenant  William  0.  Williams,  q.  v. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  3G0 

25.  Junius  B.  Hollo-way  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
appointed,  from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry  April  2G,  18G1,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieu- 
tenant May  21,  1861,  and  a  captain  July  17,  18G2. 

He  joined  at  Washington  in  July,  and  participated  in  the 
Manassas  campaign  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 
and  won  an  honorable  mention  for  his  services.  He  then  served 
(commanding  company)  at  Fort  Corcoran,  Va.,  and  Washington 
from  the  21st  of  August  to  the  15th  of  October,  when  he  availed 
himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  the  7th  of  March,  18G2. 
He  was  then  reported  on  duty  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Ohio  until  the  30th  of  May,  and  thereafter  absent, 
with  and  without  leave,  until  November,  18G2,  when  his  name  was 
dropped  from  the  rolls. 

He  was  taken  up  in  April,  18G3,  as  on  parole  at  Camp  Chase, 
Ohio,  but  was  subsequently  dismissed  from  the  service  by  order  of 
the  President,  to  date  from  December  6,  1862. 


2G.  Thomas  Drummond  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  ap- 
pointed, from  Iowa,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry  April  26,  1861,  and  joined  at  Washington  on  the  22d  of 
May,  and  participated  in  the  capture  of  Arlington,  Va.,  and  served 
at  that  place  until  the  13th  of  June,  when,  having  been  promoted 
a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  May  30,  1861,  he  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  a  company  and  served  at  Arlington,  in  the  field, 
and  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  to  the  20th  of  October,  and 
participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
skirmish  at  Blackburn's  Ford,  and  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where 
he  was  distinguished  for  daring  intrepidity. 

He  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fourth  Iowa  Cavalry 
December  24,  1861,  and  served  in  Arkansas  and  Tennessee,  and 
was  engaged  with  the  enemy  upon  several  occasions,  until  June  3, 
1862,  when  he  resigned  his  volunteer  commission  and  rejoined  the 
regiment,  and  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  and  Mary- 
land campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near  Sycamore 
Church  and  White  Oak  Swamp,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the 
rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of 
24 


370  MILITARY   EECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the 
skirmish  near  Sheplierdstown,  and  the  engagement  near  Hall- 
town. 

He  was  promoted  a  captain  July  17,  1862,  and  assumed  the 
command  of  his  company  on  the  25th  of  September,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  action  near  Piedmont,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and 
Upperville,  the  actions  at  Markham's  Station  and  Amissville,  and 
the  skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads.  He  served  during  the  winter 
of  18G2-63  near  Falmouth,  Va.,  and  was  employed  on  provost- 
guard  duty  near  that  place  during  the  spring  of  1863,  and  partici- 
pated in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April  and 
May,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  near  Brandy  Station  and  the 
skirmish  at  Shannon  Hill.  He  served  as  provost-marshal  of  the 
Cavalry  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  the  8th  of  June 
to  the  3d  of  August,  1863,  when  he  rejoined  and  commanded  the 
regiment  until  the  11th  of  October.  He  was  then  selected  for  re- 
cruiting service  and  had  stations  at  Carlisle,  Cleveland,  and  Colum- 
bus until  the  13th  of  January,  1865.  He  then  rejoined  the  regiment 
at  Winchester,  Va.,  and  commanded  it  until  the  1st  of  February, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence.  He  rejoined  on  the 
31st  of  March,  and  participated  in  the  closing  Richmond  campaign, 
and  commanded  the  regiment  in  the  action  between  Dinwiddle 
•Court-House  and  Five  Forks  on  the  31st  of  March,  and  in  the  battle 
of  Five  Forks  on  the  1st  of  April,  1865,  where  he  was  mortally 
wounded  and  died  on  the  field. 

He  was  strongly  impressed  with  the  belief  that  he  would  be 
killed  at  Five  Forks,  and  appeared  at  the  head  of  the  regiment 
wearing  his  best  uniform,  so  that,  as  he  expressed  himself,  he  would 
present  a  respectable  appearance  in  death.  He  was  a  brilliant  young 
officer,  and,  although  somewhat  restive  under  the  restraints  of 
military  discipline,  was  held  in  high  estimation  for  his  ability, 
judgment,  and  courage.  He  was  the  last  officer  of  the  regiment 
who  fell  in  battle  during  the  rebellion  against  the  United  States. 


27.  Julius  W.  Mason  was  born  in  [Pennsylvania.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Kentucky  Military  Institute  in  June,  1857, 
and  received  the  degrees  of  C.E.  and  A.B.      He    then  entered 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  371 

Shclliy  College,  Ky.,  as  a  resident  graduate,  and  remained  there 
one  year,  and  received  in  1859  from  the  Kentucky  Military 
Institute  the  additional  degree  of  A.M.  lie  was  a  division 
engineer  of  the  Brooklyn  Water- Works  at  the  beginning  of  the 
rebellion  against  the  United  States,  and  at  once  offered  his  services 
to  the  country,  and  was  appointed,  from  Pennsylvania,  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  April  2G,  18G1.  He 
joined  at  Washington  on  the  15th  of  May,  and  served  at  the 
Treasury  until  the  4th  of  June,  when  he  joined  his  company  and 
participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  daring  intre- 
pidity. He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  1,  1861,  and  a 
captain  December  6,  1SG2.  He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washing- 
ton during  the  winter  of  1861-62  ;  participated  in  the  Manassas  and 
Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish 
at  Cedar  Run  and  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  where  he  contracted 
typhoid  fever  and  was  sent  to  Chesapeake  Hospital,  Hampton, Va., 
for  medical  treatment.  He  rejoined  at  Harrison's  Landing,  Va.,  in 
July,  and  served  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula, 
participated  in  the  Maryland  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near 
Shepherdstown,  and  the  engagement  and  reconnaissance  near  Hall- 
town.  He  served  at  St.  James  College,  Md.,  during  November, 
and  participated,  in  December,  in  a  reconnaissance  near  Fal- 
mouth. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1862-63  near  Falmouth,  Va., 
and  was  employed  on  picket  and  general  court-martial  duty  (com- 
manding the  regiment,  March  19-23),  and  participated  in  General 
Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond  in  April  and  May.  He 
commanded  the  advance-guard  (a  squadron)  of  the  Cavalry  Corps 
to  the  Rapidan,  and  crossed  the  river  at  the  Blind  Ford,  and  while 
thus  isolated  from  the  main  body  he  captured  nearly  all  the  men 
of  a  Confederate  battery,  and  was  only  prevented  from  taking  the 
guns  by  the  appearance  of  the  Thirteenth  Virginia  Cavalry;  but  he 
held  his  position  until  the  corps  crossed  the  river  at  Raccoon  Ford, 
live  miles  above  the  Blind  Ford.  This  was  one  of  the  most  gallant 
dashes  made  by  any  part  of  the  regiment  during  the  war. 

He  participated  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  where  he  won 


372  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  brevet  of  major,  to  date  from  June  9,  1863,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services,  and  he  commanded  the  regiment  in  the 
skirmish  at  Aldie  and  the  actions  at  Middletown  and  Snicker's 
Gap,  near  Upperville.  He  commanded  the  regiment  during  the 
Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg, the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and 
Falling  Waters,  the  engagement  of  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish 
near  Front  Koyal,  the  action  near,  and  battle  of,  Brandy  Station, 
where  he  won  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  August 
1,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  commanded  the 
regiment  in  the  important  engagement  at  Morton's  Ford  and  in 
the  action  near  Barnett's  Ford  on  the  Eapidan.  He  was  then 
selected  to  command  the  escort  for  General  Grant  (consisting  of 
companies  B,  F,  and  K  of  the  regiment,  which  was  increased  later 
with  detachments  from  companies  0  and  D),  and  so  served  from 
March  24,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the  war,  and  participated  in  all  the 
general  engagements  about  Eichmond  and  in  front  of  Petersburg, 
and  in  the  closing  campaign  which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  on  the  9th  of  April,  1865.  He  com- 
manded companies  B,  F,  and  K  in  raids  on  the  Petersburg  and 
Weldon  Railroad,  Va.,  in  August,  1864,  and  through  Surry  County 
between  Blackwater  and  James  River,  Va.,  in  October,  1864.  He 
accompanied  the  headquarters  of  the  army  to  Washington  in  May, 

1865,  and  continued  to  serve  with  General  Grant  until  August  12, 

1866.  He  was  then  selected  for  recruiting  service,  and  had  stations 
at  Carlisle  and  Philadelphia  until  April  14,  1867,  when  he  rejoined 
his  company  at  Washington,  and  commanded  the  escort  for  General 
Grant  until  he  was  inaugurated  President  of  the  United  States, 
and  thereafter  served  in  the  same  position  with  General  Sherman 
until  March  31,  1870,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier  service. 
He  arrived  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  on  the  29th  of  April,  and 
served  at  that  station  and  Chug  Water  until  December  12,  1871, 
when  he  moved,  by  rail  and  water,  with  the  second  detachment  of 
the  regiment  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California 
to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Hualpai  February  27,  1872,  and 
served  at  that  station  and  Camp  Verde  during  his  tour  in  the 
Territory.  He  was  actively  employed  in  the  Apache  campaign  of 
1872,  and  was  engaged  in  a  skirmish  in  the  Big  Canon  of  Bill 
Williams'  Fork  on  the  5th  of  July.    He  won  the  first  substantial 


MILITAET  RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  373 

victory  of  the  campaign  at  Machos  Cafions,  near  the  head-waters 
of  the  north  branch  of  the  Big  Sandy,  on  the  25th  of  September, 
where  lie  commanded  three  companies  (B,  C,  K)  of  the  regiment 
and  a  detachment  of  Ilnalpai  scouts,  and.  inflicted  a  disastrous 
defeat  upon  the  enemy.  He  was  also  engaged  in  the  affairs  near  the 
Santa  Maria  on  the  24th  of  October,  and  at  Sycamore  Creek  on 
the  25th  of  October.  "While  he  was  actively  engaged  in  the  field 
he  was  prostrated  by  a  violent  attack  of  inflammatory  rheumatism, 
which  compelled  him  to  relinquish  his  command  and  seek  relief 
in  a  change  of  climate.  He  rejoined  at  Camp  Hualpai  July  15, 
1873,  and  soon  thereafter  marched  his  company  to  Camp  Verde, 
where  he  had  station  until  May  3,  1875,  having  detached  service 
at  Los  Angeles,  forwarding  supplies  to  the  headquarters  of  the 
Department  of  Arizona,  from  the  16th  of  January  to  the  4th  of 
March,  1874  ;  serving  as  special  Indian  agent  of  the  Eio  Verde 
Agency  from  the  20th  of  April  to  the  18th  of  June,  1874 ;  and 
surveying  the  Fort  Lowell  Reservation  from  the  11th  of  January 
to  the  10th  of  February,  1875. 

He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a 
brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  September  25,  1872,  for  gallant  con- 
duct in  the  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos 
Canons. 

He  marched  from  Camp  Verde  May  3,  1875,  with  companies  A, 
E,  and  K  of  the  regiment,  en  route,  by  the  way  of  Fort  Wingate, 
Santa  Fe,  and  Fort  Union,  to  Kansas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Hays  on 
the  20th  of  June,  where  he  served  until  the  19th  of  September. 
He  then  marched  to  Fort  Riley,  where  he  had  station  until  May 
19,  1870,  when  he  returned  to  Fort  Ha}-s,  and  moved  thence  on  the 
5th  of  June,  with  a  battalion  of  the  regiment,  to  Cheyenne,  and 
participated  in  the  Sioux  campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming,  Mon- 
tana, and  Dakota,  and  was  engaged  in  the  pursuit  (commanding) 
of  the  enemy  near  the  south  branch  of  the  Cheyenne  River  and 
in  the  affair  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  major  in  the  Third  Cavalry  July  1,  1876,  but  continued 
to  serve  with  the  Fifth  Cavalry  (commanding  a  battalion  of  five 
companies)  during  the  operations  of  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellow- 
stone expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes, 
Dak. 

Upon  the  disbandment   of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson, 


374  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Neb.,  on  the  24th  of  October,  he  joined  his  regiment  and  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  that  station,  which  he  retained  until 
February,  1877.  He  served  at  Fort  Laramie  from  April,  1877, 
to  August,  1878,  and  commanded  Fort  Fetterman  from  February 
to  November,  1879,  during  Avhich  period  he  superintended  the 
construction  of  a  bridge  across  the  North  Platte  River  at  that 
place.  He  relinquished  a  leave  of  absence  during  the  winter  of 
1880,  at  the  request  of  the  department  commander,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  superintending  the  construction  of  bridges  across  Snake 
and  Bear  rivers,  on  the  route  between  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  and  the 
Ute  Agency  on  White  River,  Col.,  and  upon  the  successful  com- 
pletion of  these  duties  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort 
Washakie,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  May,  1882,  when  he 
was  transferred  with  his  regiment  to  Arizona,  and  participated  in 
a  campaign  against  the  hostile  Apaches  until  the  fall  of  1882.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort  Huachuca,  where  he 
died  of  apoplexy  on  the  20th  of  December,  1882. 

"  Seldom  has  thy  trophied  car,  0  Death  ! 
Conveyed  in  triumph  to  thy  dark  domain 
A  richer  spoil." 


28.  Edavaed  II.  Leib  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion  against 
the  United  States,  and  at  once  enlisted  in  the  Washington  Artillery 
(an  independent  organization)  April  1G,  1861,  and  marched  with 
his  company,  which  was  the  first  to  arrive  at  Washington  from  the 
North,  for  the  defense  of  the  capital,  where  he  served  until  May, 
when  he  was  appointed,  from  Pennsylvania,  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  April  2G,  1861,  and 
was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  10,  1861.  He  joined  on  the 
18th  of  May,  and  participated,  five  days  afterwards,  in  the  capture 
of  Alexandria.  He  served  in  the  Manassas  campaign  and  was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  re-established  the 
picket-line  after  the  battle,  and  held  it  until  relieved  by  volunteer 
infantry,  when  he  returned  with  the  detachment  of  the  regiment 
to  the  defenses  of  Washington,  where  he  served  during  the  win- 
ter  of   1SG1-G2,   and   participated    (commanding   a   company)  in 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS.  375 

the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and  Rappahannock 
campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the 
siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in  almost  daily 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond, 
the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards 
Ashland,  the  action  at  Old  Church,  where  he  won  the  brevet  of 
captain,  to  date  from  June  13,  18G2,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services;  with  the  advance-guard  when  General  "Stonewall" 
Jackson  made  his  movement  to  join  General  Lee,  and  brought 
up  the  rear-guard  before  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  and  with 
five  companies  disputed  the  movement  of  the  enemy  ;  the  battle 
of  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmish  at  Savage  Station  and  the  battle  of 
Malvern  Hill,  on  picket-duty  at  St.  Mary's  Church  and  in  front 
of  Malvern  Hill,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula, 
the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  and  the  skirmish 
near  Shepherdstown. 

He  then  marched  to  Old  Town  and  Cumberland,  Md.,  and 
thence  in  the  direction  of  Eomney,  Va.,  until  he  was  ordered  to 
participate  in  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  who  was  raiding  in  Mary- 
land. He  marched  two  hundred  miles  in  that  State  and  Pennsyl- 
vania, when  he  was  sent  to  St.  James  College,  near  Williamsport, 
Md.,  and  soon  thereafter  was  engaged  with  the  enemy  near 
Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action 
at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmishes  at  Manassas  Gap,  Snicker's 
Gap,  and  Little  Washington,  the  actions  at  Amissville  and  Hazel 
Ran,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near 
Falmouth. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  18G2-G3  near  Falmouth,  Va., 
and  was  employed  on  picket  and  outpost  duty  until  March,  when 
he  was  engaged  with  the  enemy  at  Kelly's  Ford  (commanding  a 
detachment  of  the  regiment),  the  first  cavalry  battle  of  the  war, 
and  which  resulted  in  a  decisive  victory  for  the  National  troops. 
He  was  complimented  on  the  field  by  General  Averill  for  the 
gallant  conduct  of  the  regiment.  He  participated,  April  and 
May,  18G3,  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  combat  near  Brandy  Station,  the  skirmish 
at  Shannon  Hill,  and  the  engagement  at  Fleming's  Cross-Pioads, 
where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallantry. 


376  MILITAEY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICEKS. 

He  was  promoted  a  captain  April  13,  1863,  and  joined  his 
company  on  the  17th  of  May,  and  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania 
and  Central  Virginia  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
Beverly  Ford,  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at  Middletown 
and  Snicker's  Gap,  near  Upperville,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling 
Water  ;  the  action  near,  and  battle  of,  Brandy  Station,  the  action 
at  Morton's  Ford,  the  combat  of  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  opera- 
tions at  Mine  Kun  in  November  and  December  1863. 

He  served  at  the  winter  camp  near  Mitchell's  Station,  Va.,  until 
February,  1864,  when  he  participated  in  the  actions  near  Barnett's 
Ford  on  the  Eapidan,  at  Charlottesville  and  Stannardsville,  and 
the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Balti- 
more as  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer,  and  when  General  Early 
invaded  Maryland  in  July,  1861,  he  reported  to  General  Lew. 
Wallace  for  active  service,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  at  Freder- 
ick, Md.,on  the  7th,  and  in  conjunction  with  other  troops  brought 
up  the  rear-guard,  on  the  8th,  to  Monocacy  Junction,  and  on 
the  morning  of  the  9th  he  assumed  command  of  a  detachment  of 
mounted  infantry  and  assisted  in  holding  the  Baltimore  Pike, 
which  was  the  only  road  on  which  General  Wallace  could  retire 
his  defeated  army. 

Upon  the  termination  of  these  operations  he  returned  to  Balti- 
more, and  was  appointed,  on  the  13th  of  July,  inspector  and  chief 
of  cavalry  of  the  Eighth  Army  Corps,  and  served  in  that  position 
until  about  the  end  of  November,  when  he  rejoined  and  com- 
manded the  regiment  from  the  3d  of  December,  1861,  to  the  13th  of 
January,  1865,  during  which  time  he  participated  in  General  Tor- 
bett's  raid  to  Gordonsville  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near 
Madison  Court-House,  Gordonsville,  and  Paris. 

He  participated  in  General  Sheridan's  last  raid  en  route  to 
join  the  closing  Kichmond  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
skirmishes  near  Staunton  and  Bent's  Creek,  captured  a  quantity 
of  ammunition  and  provisions  at  Scottsville,  and  destroyed  the 
canal-locks  and  some  boats  at  that  place;  in  the  action  at  South 
Anna  Bridge,  where  he  destroyed  the  railroad  ;  and  finally  arrived 
at  the  White  House,  and  crossed  the  river  at  Deep  Bottom  and 
rejoined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  was  severely  wounded, 
while  commanding  the  regiment,  in  the  action  between  Dinwiddie 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  377 

Court-House  and  Five  Forks  on  the  31st  of  March,  18G5.  lie  was 
made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  April  1,  18G5,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  Five  Forks,  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel, 
to  date  from  April  1,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

He  rejoined  the  regiment  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  on  the  25th  of 
June,  and  commanded  it  until  the  19th  of  September,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  the  Southern  States  and  served  during  the 
reconstruction  period  in  Tennessee  and  Kentucky,  commanding  a 
detachment  of  the  regiment  at  Nashville,  and  his  company  at 
Gallatin,  Franklin,  and  other  stations,  and  had  some  field-service 
against  guerrillas.  He  captured,  in  June,  18G6,  a  noted  outlaw- 
near  Memphis,  and  in  October  captured  the  guerrilla  Harper  and 
five  of  his  men  ;  and  in  November  he  had  a  successful  encounter 
with  a  party  of  guerrillas  near  Black  Jack,  Tenn. 

He  was  on  a  leave  of  absence  from  August  to  December,  1808  ; 
commanded  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  from  December,  18G8,  to  June, 
1869;  and  served  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  Fort  Laramie, 
Wyo.,  from  November,  18G9,  to  November,  1871,  when  he  marched 
to  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell,  Wyo.,  and  accompanied  the  second  detach- 
ment of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf 
of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Grant  February  10, 
1872,  where  he  served  until  February,  1873.  He  then  availed 
himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  March,  1871,  when  he 
rejoined  his  company  at  Camp  Grant,  where  he  served  until 
October,  when  he  again  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence 
until  September,  1875,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort 
Lyon,  Col.,  and  served  at  the  station,  having  some  field-service, 
until  June  5,  187G,  when  he  moved  by  rail  to  Cheyenne  and 
participated  in  the  Sioux  campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming,  Mon- 
tana, and  Dakota,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  War  Bonnet 
(Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  and  in  the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 
Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb., 
in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson,  where  he  had 
station  until  May  9,  1877,  when  he  ceased  to  be  an  officer  of  the 
army.  He  is  now  employed  as  a  special  agent  in  the  office  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Pensions  at  Washington. 


378  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

29.  Joseph  P.  Ash  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  about  1836,  and  was 
engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  rebellion  against  the 
United  States.  He  entered  the  volunteer  service  as  a  first  lieutenant 
in  Cassias  Clay's  battalion  of  Pennsylvania  infantry  in  April,  1861, 
and  served  with  it  until  about  the  22d  of  May,  when  he  was  appoint- 
ed, from  Pennsylvania,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  April  30, 1861,  and  joined  at  Washington  on 
the  1th  of  June.  He  participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign  and 
was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  distinguished 
for  daring  intrepidity.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  January 
15,  1862,  and  a  captain  September  25,  1863.  He  served  in  the  de- 
fenses of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1S61-62,  participated  in 
the  Virginia  Peninsular  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in 
almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance 
towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the 
reconnaissances  towards  Ashland  and  the  White  House,  the 
battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  the  skirmish  near  Sycamore  Church,  with 
the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear -guard  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of 
South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherds- 
town,  the  engagement  near,  and  reconnaissance  to,  Halltown,  the 
skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's 
Station,  the  skirmishes  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  Little  Washing- 
ton (wounded),  and  ten  miles  south  of  Warrenton.  The  wounds 
received  at  Little  Washington  disabled  him  until  June  3,  1863, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  Trenton,  N.  J.,  as  a  mustering  and  dis- 
bursing officer,  where  he  served  until  October,  when  he  rejoined 
his  company  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Morton's  Ford 
(slightly  wounded),  the  combat  of  Bristoe  Station,  and  the 
operations  at  Mine  Run  in  Xovember  and  December,  1S63. 

On  the  night  preceding  the  combat  at  Bristoe  Station  he 
voluntarily  entered  the  Confederate  lines  for  the  purpose  of  ascer- 
taining the  strength,  position,  and,  if  possible,  the  intentions  of 
the  enemy.  After  an  absence  of  several  hours  he  returned  with 
important  information,  the  correctness  of  which  was  fully  cor- 
roborated in  the  developments  of  the  next  morning  when  the 
engagement  took  place.  He  succeeded,  at  a  great  personal  peril, 
in  obtaining  the  only  good  information  which  General  Meade  had 


MILITARY  RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  379 

concerning  the  enemy,  and  upon  this  information  a  forward 
movement  was  made  which  demonstrated  its  correctness,  in  that 
the  main  body  of  the  enemy  had  retired,  leaving  in  view  of  the 
National  troops  what  seemed  to  be  a  large  force,  but  which  was 
only  a  brigade  of  cavalry  and  a  few  pieces  of  artillery. 

Tie  served  at  the  winter  camp  near  Mitchell's  Station,  Va., 
until  February,  1864,  when  he  marched  with  the  regiment,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  actions  near  Barnett's  Ford  on  the  Rapidan 
(slightly  wounded),  Charlottesville  and  Stannardsville,  and  the 
skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford.  lie  continued  to  participate  in  the 
movements  and  operations  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  until  the 
8th  of  May,  1864,  when  he  was  shot  through  the  heart  and  in- 
stantly killed  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern.  His  squadron 
(A,  E)  was  holding  a  road  in  the  woods  with  orders  to  keep  it 
clear  and  prevent  the  enemy  from  taking  it.  While  thus  em- 
ployed the  Fifth  Army  Corps  was  ordered  to  occupy  the  position, 
and  an  infantry  regiment  was  detailed  to  relieve  the  Fifth  Cavalry  ; 
but  at  the  first  fire  of  the  enemy  the  regiment  fled  panic-stricken 
to  the  rear,  and  while  gallantly  striving  to  rally  the  fugitives  Cap- 
tain Ash  met  an  untimely  death. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  November  8,  18G2, 
for  conspicuous  gallantry  at  Little  Washington,  and  a  brevet  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, to  date  from  May  8,  18G4,  for  conspicuous  gallantry 
at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  Va. 

He  was  one  of  the  most  gallant  officers  in  the  regiment,  and 
was  conspicuous  for  dash  and  intelligence.  His  brilliant  conduct 
in  the  presence  of  the  enemy  was  inspiring,  and  the  regiment 
suffered  a  severe  loss  when  he  fell  in  battle. 


30.  Leicester  Walker  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  appointed, 
from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  May  8,  1861,  and  joined  the  regiment  in  Washington  on 
the  27th  of  June. 

He  participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign  and  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallant  con- 
duct. He  joined  his  company  at  Washington  on  the  11th  of 
September,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city  during  the  winter 


3S0  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

of  1861-62,  and  was  engaged,  on  the  20th  of  October,  in  a  skirmish 
near  Vienna,  Va.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  January 
15,  1862,  and  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular, 
Maryland,  and  Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of 
Williamsburg,  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy 
during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover 
Court-House,  the  reconnaissances  towards  Ashland  and  the 
White  House,  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  the  skirmishes  near 
Sycamore  Church  and  in  the  White  Oak  Swamp,  with  the  regi- 
ment as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  and  also  serving  as  a 
quartermaster  during  the  month  of  August;  the  battles  of  South 
Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  the 
engagement  near  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  TJpper- 
ville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's 
Cross-Roads,  the  action  at  Amissville,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
the  skirmish  and  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1862-63  near  Falmouth,  Va., 
and  was  employed  on  picket  and  outpost  duty  until  March,  when  he 
was  engaged  with  the  enemy  at  Kelly's  Ford,  and  subsequently  par- 
ticipated, April  and  May,  1863,  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards 
Richmond,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads, 
where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallantry.  Soon  after  his  return 
from  this  raid  he  was  assigned  to  special  duty  with  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Cavalry  Corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
was  subsequently  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  and  served  on  the 
staffs  of  Generals  Buford  and  Pleasonton  from  June,  1863,  to 
January,  1864,  when  he  was  appointed  commissary  of  musters  for 
the  corps.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  (where  he 
won  the  brevet  of  captain,  to  date  from  June  9,  1863,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services)  and  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania 
campaign. 

He  was  promoted  a  captain  Xovember  2,  1863,  and  continued 
to  serve  as  commissary  of  musters  until  August,  1864  (winning 
the  brevet  of  major,  to  date  from  May  11,  1864,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Yellow  Tavern),  when  he  was 
transferred  to  Fort  Columbus,  N.Y.,  Avhere  he  served  until  January, 
1865,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Columbus,  Ohio,  as  a  mustering 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  381 

and  disbursing  officer,  and  served  at  that  station  until  June.  lie 
then  proceeded  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  where  he  served,  except  a 
brief  tour  of  field-duty  at  New  Creek,  W.  Va.,  commanding  a 
squadron,  until  January  3,  1866.  lie  was  then  ordered  to  Wash- 
ington, and  thence  to  South  Carolina  on  reconstruction  duty.  He 
arrived  at  Charleston  on  the  28th  of  January,  and,  after  a  brief 
stay  in  that  city,  marched  to  Columbia,  where  he  served  until  April, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence,  and  rejoined  his 
company  at  Columbia  in  August,  and  marched,  in  September,  to 
Aiken,  where  he  had  station,  commanding  company  and  post,  until 
September  12,  1868,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier  service, 
and  arrived  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  on  the  1st  of  November,  and 
participated  in  the  Canadian  Eiver  expedition  during  the  winter 
of  1868-69.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  in 
charge  of  recruits,  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  McPherson, 
Neb.,  on  the  31st  of  May.  He  served  with  the  Republican  River 
expedition  of  1869,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek, 
the  brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills 
south  of  Julesburg,  and  in  the  Niobrara  pursuit. 

He  was  assigned,  in  September,  to  Fort  McPherson,  where  he 
had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  December 
30,  1870,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  under  the  provisions 
of  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  15,  1870,  which  provided  for  a 
reduction  of  the  army. 

He  has  since  lived  at  North  Platte,  Neb.,  where  he  is  success- 
fully engaged  in  stock-growing  and  a  banking  business. 


31.  John  B.  McIntosh  (born  at  Tampa  Bay,  Florida)  is  a 
descendant  of  the  clan  Macintosh — one  of  the  most  ancient  in  the 
Highlands  of  Scotland,  and  which,  in  connection  with  the  clan 
MacPherson,  formed  the  celebrated  clan  Chattan.  The  clan  Mac- 
intosh, as  stated  by  Sir  Walter  Scott  in  his  second  volume  of 
"The  Tales  of  a  Grandfather,"  boast  their  descent  from  Mac- 
Duff,  the  celebrated  Thane  of  Fife.  They  supported  the  house  of 
Stuart  in  the  rebellion  of  1715,  and  fought  under  their  chief, 
General  William  Macintosh,  at  Preston,  November  13,  1715,  but 


3S2  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

with  the  defeat  of  the  Stuarts  came  their  political  downfall  and 
the  confiscation  of  their  property. 

In  1735  John  Mohr  Macintosh  (a  nephew  of  General  William 
Macintosh,  and  the  great-great-grandfather  of  John  13.),  with  one 
hundred  and  thirty  Highlanders,  accompanied  General  Oglethorpe's 
party  in  their  emigration  to  America,  and  settled  at  Darien,  on 
the  Altamaha,  in  the  country  now  known  as  Georgia.  He  com- 
manded the  Highlanders  when  General  Oglethorpe  marched 
against  St.  Augustine  in  1740,  and  fell  at  Fort  Moosa,  severely 
wounded,  while  defending  the  works  from  an  attack  of  Spanish 
grenadiers  ;  was  taken  a  prisoner  of  war  and  sent  to  Madrid,  and 
was  not  exchanged  until  the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle  in  1748. 
William  (the  eldest  son  of  John  Mohr  Macintosh  and  the  great- 
grandfather of  John  B.)  accompanied  his  father  on  that  expe- 
dition, and  afterwards  served  during  the  Revolutionary  war  as 
colonel  of  the  First  Regiment  of  cavalry  in  the  Georgia  Con- 
tinental Line. 

Lachlan  (brother  of  William  Mcintosh  and  great-granduncle 
of  John  B.)  was  a  brevet  major-general  and  a  brigadier-general  in 
the  Revolutionary  army,  and  a  number  of  his  sons  also  held  com- 
missions during  the  struggle  for  independence. 

John  (the  eldest  son  of  William  Mcintosh  and  grandfather  of 
John  B.)  was  a  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and 
subsequently  was  a  major-general  of  the  Georgia  forces,  and  dis- 
played great  personal  courage  in  the  defense  of  Fort  Morris  and 
at  the  battle  of  Briar  Creek,  Ga.  He  again  served  his  country 
during  the  war  of  1812-14,  and  commanded  the  Georgia  division 
which  marched  to  Pensacola,  Fla. 

James  S.  (the  son  of  John  Mcintosh  and  father  of  John  B.) 
was  a  native  of  Georgia.  He  entered  the  army  in  1812,  and 
attained  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fifth  Infantry,  and 
was  a  brevet  colonel.  He  died  in  the  city  of  Mexico,  September 
26,  1847,  of  wounds  received  at  Resaca  de  la  Palma  and  Molino 
del  Rey.  He  Avas  dangerously  Avounded  during  his  early  service  on 
the  northern  frontier  while  defending  the  hospitals  at  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  and  Avas  left  for  dead  on  the  field. 

James  (the  brother  of  John  B.)  Avas  graduated  from  West 
Point  in  1S49,  and  was  a  captain  in  the  First  (present  Fourth) 
Cavalry  at   the    beginning   of   the   rebellion   against   the   United 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  383 

States.  lie  entered  the  Confederate  service,  where  he  attained  t lie 
rank  of  a  brigadier-general,  and  was  killed  at  the  battle  of  Pea 
Ridge,  March  7,  1862. 

John  B.   Mcintosh  received  an   excellent  education;    the  last 
four  years   of  his   school-boy  life  were  passed   in  the   celebrated 
military  academy  of  Marlborough  Churchill  (a  graduate  of  West 
Point)  at  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y.       With  such  an  ancestry  and  education 
it  was  not  surprising  that  he  developed  a  decided  inclination  for  a 
military  life,  and  an  effort  was  made  to  enter  him  at  West  Point, 
but  it  failed  because  his  brother  James  was  already  at  the  institu- 
tion,    lie  was  appointed  in  1848  a  midshipman  in  the  navy,  and 
served    one  cruise   in  the    Gulf    of    Mexico  on   the   sloop-of-war 
Saratoga;  but  the  sea  was  distasteful  to  him,  and  he  resigned  in 
1850  and  engaged  in  civil  pursuits,  first  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  and 
afterwards  at  New  Brunswick,  N.   J.,  where  he  was  employed  at 
the  beginning  of  the  rebellion  against  the  United  States.     He  at 
once  offered  his  services  to  the  country,  and  was  appointed,  from 
at  large,   a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth   (old  Second)  Cavalry 
June  8,  18G1,  and  joined  at  Darnestown,  Md.,  on  the  27th  of  June, 
and  participated  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Palling  Waters  and  in  the  skirmishes 
near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill.     He  was  constantly  employed 
on  picket  and  reconnaissance  duty  until  the  11th  of  September, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  Washington  and  served  in  the  defenses 
of  the  city  during  the  winter  of  18G1-G2.     He  participated  in  the 
Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  Avhere  he  led  his  squadron 
in  a  charge  against  the  enemy's  pickets  and  forced  their  retreat 
across  the  stream  ;  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg, and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the 
advance  towards  Richmond  ;  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House 
and  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland.     He  was  appointed,  on 
the  11th  of  June,  quartermaster  and  commissary  of  the  Regular 
Cavalry  Brigade,  and  continued  on  that  duty  until  the   10th  of 
July,  and  displayed  much   energy  and  ability  in  conducting  his 
train  to  Malvern  Hill  and  thence  to  Harrison's  Landing.       He  was 
assigned  by  General  McClellan,  on  the  11th  of  July,  to  the  com- 
mand  of  the   Ninety-fifth    Pennsylvania  Volunteers,   the  colonel 
having  been  killed  in  action.     He  obtained  permission  to  wait  upon 


3S4  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.' 

the  governor  of  Pennsylvania  and  solicit  the  colonelcy  of  that 
regiment,  and,  having  been  provided  with  favorable  letters  from 
Generals  McClellan,  Newton,  and  Franklin,  he  presented  them  in 
person;  but  the  governor,  while  recognizing  the  recommendations 
of  these  distinguished  officers,  considered  it  his  duty  to  bestow  the 
commission  upon  the  lieutenant-colonel,  whereupon  Lieutenant 
Mcintosh  returned  at  once  to  the  regiment.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  skirmish  at  Sycamore  Church,  where  he  made  a  gallant  charge 
upon  the  enemy,  and  was  specially  commended  in  the  report  of 
General  McClellan  for  his  conduct.  He  was  distinguished  in 
a  skirmish  in  the  White  Oak  Swamp  (where  the  Eighteenth  Vir- 
ginia Cavalry  was  defeated),  and  won  the  brevet  of  major,  to  date 
from  August  5,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He 
served  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the -battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  pursuit 
of  the  enemy  to  the  Potomac,  and  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown. 
He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  27,  1862,  and  was 
appointed  colonel  of  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  November 
15,  1862,  and  immediately  assumed  command  of  his  regiment,  and 
was  actively  employed  during  the  winter  of  1862-63  in  maintain- 
ing an  extended  picket-line  on  the  right  flank  of  the  National 

army. 

He  was  ordered,  on  the  loth  of  February,  1863,  to  destroy  the 
Orange  and  Alexandria  Railroad  bridge  at  the  Rappahannock 
station.  A  division  of  infantry  ordered  to  create  a  diversion  in 
his  favor  was  forced,  by  a  severe  storm,  to  return  on  the  first  day. 
He  was  informed  of  the  withdrawal  of  the  infantry  support  and 
authorized  to  return,  if,  in  his  judgment,  the  storm  would  prevent 
a  successful  execution  of  his  orders.  He  decided  to  push  for- 
ward, and  towards  the  end  of  the  second  day  had  his  command 
(five  hundred  cavalrymen)  concealed  in  a  belt  of  woods  contiguous 
to  the  bridge.  He  there  received  another  message  authorizing  him 
to  return  without  executing  his  orders  ;  but  he  continued  his  pre- 
parations for  the  attack,  and  when  all  was  ready  moved  rapidly 
towards  the  bridge  and  drove  the  enemy  across  the  stream.  He 
then  dismounted  his  men,  formed  a  skirmish-line  on  the  banks, 
and  held  the  position,  under  the  fire  of  the  enemy,  while  his  axe- 
men cut  the  supports  of  the  bridge  and  burnt  it,  and  also  destroyed 


MILITABT   11EC0RD3   OF   OFFICERS.  385 

a  small  bridge  across  Tin-pot  Run.  lie  worked  all  night,  and, 
having  executed  his  orders,  started  for  the  main  army,  which  he 
rejoined  on  the  18th  of  February,  and  was  deservedly  complimented 
upon  the  successful  termination  of  his  hazardous  undertaking. 

When  General  Hooker  reorganized,  in  January,  1SC3,  the 
cavalry  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  into  a  cavalry  corps,  Colonel 
Mcintosh  was  selected  to  command  the  Second  Brigade  of  the 
Second  Division.  He  was  engaged  with  his  brigade  in  the  action 
at  Kelly's  Ford,  March  17,  18G3,  which  was  the  first  cavalry  com- 
bat of  the  war  in  which  a  division  was  engaged  on  either  side. 
General  Averill,  who  commanded  the  Second  Division,  reported  to 
the  Secretary  of  War  that  "  to  the  intrepidity,  promptitude,  and 
excellent  judgment  of  Mcintosh  on  that  occasion  our  success  was 
chiefly  attributable."  lie  commanded  his  brigade  in  the  battle  of 
Chancellorsville,  and  was  first  engaged  with  the  enemy's  cavalry, 
which  were  driven  from  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock, 
beyond  Rapidan  station,  thus  covering  the  operations  of  General 
Buford's  column  under  General  Stoneman  and  insuring  his 
unobstructed  march  to  the  rear  of  General  Lee's  ami}-.  lie 
was  then  recalled  to  the  main  army  (crossing  at  Ely's  Ford)  while 
the  battle  of  Chancellorsville  was  in  progress. 

He  was  transferred,  on  the  22d  of  June,  to  the  command  of  the 
First  Brigade  of  the  Second  Division,  then  commanded  by  General 
(D.  M.  M.)  Gregg,  and  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign, 
and  was  engaged,  on  the  right  of  the  National  army  at  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  where  he  resisted  General  Stuart's  efforts  to  turn  that 
flank,  and  began  the  cavalry  combat  almost  immediately  after 
his  brigade  had.  relieved  General  Custer,  who  was  ordered  to  join 
General  Kilpatrick  on  the  left  of  the  army.  Being  convinced 
that  the  enemy's  cavalry  were  in  force  near  his  right  front,  he 
ordered  a  regiment  to  advance  and  take  possession  of  a  stone 
barn  intermediate  between  the  two  lines,  and  then  press  the  enemy's 
pickets.  This  movement  having  developed  that  the  enemy  were  in 
the  woods  to  the  right  of  the  Hanover  road,  Colonel  Mcintosh 
moved  with  the  other  regiments  of  his  brigade  to  the  support 
of  his  advanced  line,  and,  finding  himself  greatly  outnumbered, 
called  for  reinforcements,  which  Avere  promptly  furnished  by  send- 
ino-  General  Irwin  Gregg's  brigade  to  his  assistance  and  order- 
ing the  immediate  return  of  General  Custer's  brigade.  General 
25 


386  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

Gregg  then  assumed  command  of  the  entire  force,  and  a  stub- 
born cavalry  combat  raged  for  some  time,  and  until  Colonel  Mc- 
intosh, who  had  pushed  a  regiment  well  down  on  the  enemy's  flank, 
ordered  a  charge,  which  was  handsomely  executed,  and  after  several 
charges  and  counter-charges  the  enemy  withdrew  from  that  flank  of 
the  National  army.  On  the  morning  of  the  4th  he  was  dispatched 
to  the  left  and  instructed  to  march  thence  to  Emmittsburg  and  in- 
tercept the  Confederate  cavalry.  He  arrived  at  the  town  at  half-past 
seven  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  5th,  to  learn  that  the  main  body  had  passed 
two  hours  in  advance  of  his  arrival;  but,  finding  a  squadron  serving 
as  a  rear-guard  for  the  infantry,  he  charged  it  so  vigorously  that 
the  commanding  officer  in  his  hasty  retreat  dropped  a  letter  which 
indicated  the  position  each  Confederate  corps  would  occupy  that 
night.  This  letter,  which  gave  the  first  information  of  the  exact 
whereabouts  of  the  corps  of  the  Confederate  army,  was  at  once 
forwarded  to  the  cavalry  headquarters.  He  then  pushed  his  com- 
mand over  the  mountains  and  overtook  the  rear  of  one  of  the  Con- 
federate corps,  which  he  attacked  so  vigorously  that  it  was  com- 
pelled to  form  a  skirmish-line  to  the  rear.  At  this  juncture  he 
was  ordered  to  report  to  General  Sedgwick,  when  he  was  attached 
to  a  brigade  of  infantry,  and  the  united  force  was  instructed  to 
pursue  the  enemy  over  the  mountains  by  the  same  road  from  which 
he  had  just  been  recalled.  This  movement  was  continued  to 
Waynesboro,  when  he  moved  to  Leitersburg,  where  he  had  a  sharp 
action  with  the  enemy's  infantry,  and  a  few  days  thereafter  he 
rejoined  the  main  army  at  Funkstown,  Md.  He  was  made  a 
brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  July  3,  18G3,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg. 

After  the  Confederate  army  had  recrossed  the  Potomac  at 
Williamsport,  Md.,  he  was  ordered  to  Harper's  Ferry,  where,  with 
his  division,  he  crossed  the  river  and  marched  on  Shepherdstown, 
and  engaged  the  enemy's  cavalry  (under  General  Fitzhugh  Lee)  in 
an  obstinate  all-day  fight,  but  at  nightfall  the  contending  forces 
evacuated  their  positions.  He  then  moved  to  Warrenton,  and 
during  August  and  until  the  13th  of  September  was  employed  on 
picket  and  reconnaissance  duty,  when  he  was  ordered  to  cross 
Hazel  Run  and  approach  Culpepper  from  the  right.  The  entire 
cavalry  corps  moving  forward,  a  warm  engagement  followed,  and  the 
enemy  retired  behind  the  town,  having  suffered  a  considerable  loss 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  387 

in  men  and  guns.  Colonel  Mcintosh,  with  his  brigade  on  the  right, 
again  encountered  the  enemy  soon  after  leaving  Culpepper  and 
forced  them  into  a  retreat,  which  he  followed  all  day,  and  encamped 
for  the  night  near  Cedar  Mountain,  lie  was  again  engaged  on  the 
11th  and  loth  at  the  Rapidan,  across  which  river  the  enemy  had 
retired.  lie  then  returned  to  Culpepper,  and  marched  thence  with 
his  brigade  to  Catlett  Station  to  guard  the  Orange  and  Alexandria 
Railroad,  and  continued  on  that  duty  until  the  1st  of  October, 
when  he  was  severely  injured  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  and  sent  to 
Washington  for  medical  treatment,  where  he  remained  until  the 
11th,  when  he  was  appointed  commandant  of  the  cavalry  station  at 
Giesboro  Point,  and  continued  in  command  of  the  station,  drilling, 
equipping,  and  mounting  new  regiments  of  cavalry  and  sending 
them  to  the  front,  until  May  4,  18G1,  when  he  rejoined  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  was  assigned,  on  the  5th,  to  command  the  First 
Brigade  of  the  Third  Cavalry  Division,  which  was  then  at  Parker's 
Store,  on  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Railroad.  Upon  his  arrival 
there  he  found  only  one  regiment  of  his  brigade  (the  others  having 
gone  to  Todd's  Tavern),  and  at  once  deployed  it  as  skirmishers, 
being  convinced  that  a  heavy  infantry  force  wras  moving  against 
him,  which  proved  to  be  so.  He  held  his  position  with  great 
tenacity,  fell  back  slowly,  and  twice  endeavored  to  have  the  force 
on  his  right  extended  to  the  left  go  as  to  cover  the  plank- 
road;  but  failing  to  receive  any  assistance,  he  communicated  with 
General  Meade,  stating  his  position.  In  a  short  time  an  answer 
came  to  hold  the  road  until  a  division  of  the  Sixth  Corps  could 
relieve  him.  When  it  arrived  his  skirmish  line  had  been  forced 
back  to  within  fifty  yards  of  the  Brock  road.  In  the  meantime  the 
Second  Corps,  commanded  by  General  Hancock,  which  had  crossed 
Ely's  Ford,  was  recalled  from  Todd's  Tavern,  and,  taking  a  position 
on  the  left  of  the  division  of  the  Sixth  Corps,  the  line  at  Parker's 
Store,  which  Colonel  Mcintosh  had  been  compelled  to  abandon, 
was  retaken.  He  was  entitled  to  great  credit  for  his  quick  con- 
ception of  the  situation  and  the  prompt  action  taken  to  obtain 
reinforcements  to  hold  the  position.  The  other  regiments  of  his 
brigade  having  returned  with  the  Second  Division,  he  assumed  com- 
mand at  the  Burnt  Chimneys,  and  was  continuously  engaged  on  the 
left  of  the  army  until  the  right  of  the  Sixth  Corps  had  been  driven 
from  the  Germania  plank-road,  and  a  dispatch  had  been  forwarded 


388  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

to  headquarters  that  the  enemy  held  the  Germania  Ford  and  the 
road  leading  from  it.  He  was  then  moved  to  the  right  to  ascertain 
the  condition  of  affairs,  but  while  his  brigade  was  deployed  and 
approaching  the  road  he  was  ordered  to  return  to  the  left.  He 
informed  General  Meade  of  his  movement  and  the  order  just 
received,  when  he  was  instructed  to  execute  the  original  order ; 
and  by  invitation  he  accompanied  General  Meade  to  General  Sedg- 
wick's headquarters,  and,  after  some  conversation  had  passed  between 
the  two  generals,  volunteered  to  ascertain  the  true  condition  of 
affairs.  Taking  two  aides,  he  rode  rapidly  down  the  plank-road 
towards  the  ford,  and,  having  ascertained  that  the  reports  were 
not  true,  sent  a  dispatch  to  General  Sedgwick  which  informed  him 
of  the  situation,  and  remained  on  the  ground  directing  the 
movements  of  the  cavalry  on  that  flank  and  pushing  the  force  to 
the  front  so  far  as  possible  to  ascertain  the  exact  position  of  the 
enemy.  These  arrangements  being  completed,  he  returned  to  the 
headquarters,  to  find  Generals  Grant  and  Meade  already  mounted 
and  about  to  begin  the  first  grand  flank  movement  to  the  left. 
He  then  recalled  his  brigade  and  returned  to  the  left  of  the  army, 
where  he  rejoined  his  division. 

On  the  8th  of  May  he  was  ordered  with  the  Second  Cavalry 
Division  to  Spottsylvania,  his  brigade  having  the  advance,  and, 
finding  the  court-house  occupied  by  the  enemy,  he  charged  and 
drove  them  away,  and  captured  the  town  and  many  prisoners. 
He  then  moved  to  the  right  and  attacked  General  Longstreet's 
corps  in  the  rear,  and  only  withdrew  when  ordered  to  do  so  by 
General  Sheridan.  On  the  10th  of  May  (the  cavalry  corps  being 
on  the  march  towards  Richmond  for  the  purpose  of  destroying 
General  Lee's  communications  with  that  city)  he  covered  the  cross- 
ing of  the  South  Anna  River  at  Squirrel  Bridge,  and  protected  the 
cavalry  corps  from  a  determined  attack  in  the  rear.  He  defeated 
General  Fitzhugh  Lee's  cavalry  at  Hanover  Court-House  on  the 
30th  of  May  and  captured  the  town  ;  and  on  the  1st  of  June,  with 
only  three  regiments  of  his  brigade  (the  other  three  being  detached 
to  destroy  the  bridges  across  the  South  Anna  River),  he  defeated, 
after  heavy  fighting,  three  brigades  of  the  enemy  at  Ashland,  but 
was  subsequently  so  hard  pressed  by  overwhelming  numbers  that 
he  was  compelled  to  retire  down  the  railroad  towards  the  South 
Anna  River,  losing  onlv  a  few  horses  and  taking  with  him  all  the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS,  389 

wounded  men  who  could  bear  moving.  lie  was  made  a  brevet 
colonel,  to  date  from  June  1,  1SG1,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  upon  that  occasion. 

lie  commanded  his  brigade  in  the  battle  of  Yellow  Tavern,  the 
actions  at  Strawberry  Hill  and  Meadow  Bridge,  the  skirmish  near 
Mechanicsville,  the  battles  of  Hawes'  Shop  and  Bethesda  Church  ; 
and,  during  the  flank  movement  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
from  Cold  Harbor  to  James  River,  he  covered  the  right  flank  and 
assisted  in  holding  the  country  between  Malvern  Hill  and  AVhite 
Oak  Swamp  during  the  passage  of  the  James  River.  He  also 
commanded  his  brigade  during  Wilson's  raid  on  the  Danville  and 
South  Side  Railroad,  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Roanoke 
Station  and  Stony  Creek  and  in  the  battle  of  Petersburg. 

He  was  promoted  a  captain  December  7,  18G3,  and  in  consider- 
ation of  valuable  and  conspicuous  services  was  appointed  a  briga- 
dier-general of  volunteers,  to  date  from  July  21, 1864.  He  partici- 
pated in  the  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  Winchester,  the  actions  at  Summit  Point,  Charlestown,  Hall- 
town  (where  he  covered  General  Sheridan's  flank  when  falling  back), 
and  Kearneysville.  His  brigade,  in  connection  with  the  cavalry 
corps,  resisted  General  Breckenridge  in  his  attempt  to  cross  the 
Potomac  near  Shepherdstown.  His  brigade  defeated  the  enemy  s 
cavalry  at  the  Opequan  and  forced  it  to  seek  safety  behind  the 
infantry,  and  captured  the  Eighth  South  Carolina  Infantry  in  a 
brilliant  dash  at  Abram's  Creek  on  the  13th  of  September,  winning 
a  special  mention  in  the  report  of  General  Sheridan  ;  and  on  the 
19th  of  September,  when  in  the  advance,  he  destroyed  the  enemy's 
picket  and  skirmish-line,  and  again  defeated  their  cavalry  at  the 
Opecpian  at  daybreak  and  forced  it  behind  the  infantry,  and  then 
charged  the  latter,  which  was  protected  by  earthworks,  driving 
the  entire  force,  and,  taking  possession  of  the  key  position  of  the 
battle-field,  held  it  by  stubborn  fighting  until  eight  o'clock  a.m., 
when  he  was  relieved  by  the  advance  of  the  Eighteenth  Corps. 
General  Wilson,  writing  of  his  conduct  upon  that  occasion,  says  : 
"  The  gallantry  and  determination  of  General  Mcintosh  in  this 
part  of  the  action  were  most  conspicuous,  and  I  venture  to  say,  had 
the  ground  which  he  gained  by  his  first  dashing  attack  not  been 
held  till  the  infantry  bad  taken  position  and  prepared  for  battle, 
the  day  could  not  have  been  gained  by  our  troops."     Later  in  the 


390  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

day  the  Third  Cavalry  Division  was  moved  to  the  left,  where,  after 
making  a  reconnaissance  and  finding  the  enemy's  cavalry  on  that 
flank,  he  brought  down  the  Fifth  New  York  Cavalry,  and  in 
making  a  charge  to  determine  their  strength  was  shot  in  the  right 
leg  and  carried  from  the  field.  The  bones  of  the  leg  were  com- 
pletely shattered  and  he  was  compelled  to  submit  to  an  amputa- 
tion of  the  limb.  This  misfortune  closed  a  brilliant  career  of 
field-service,  and  at  a  time  when  he  was  prominent  for  promotion 
to  the  grade  of  major-general  of  volunteers.  He  was  always  ready 
and  willing,  and  had  made  himself  a  conspicuous  figure  in  every 
battle  in  which  he  had  been  engaged,  and  had  been  frequently 
named  in  official  reports  for  energy,  coolness,  judgment,  and  gal- 
lantry in  action. 

The  following  brevet  commissions,  in  addition  to  those  already 
named,  were  bestowed  upon  him,  to  date  from  March  13,  18C5  : 
major-general  of  volunteers  for  distinguished  gallantry  and  good 
management  at  the  battle  of  Opequan  ;  brigadier-general  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester  ;  and 
major-general  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  field 
during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion. 

His  wound  disabled  him  until  February  8,  1865,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  general  court-martial  duty  at  Paducah,  Ky.,  where  he 
served  until  the  5th  of  May.  He  was  then  appointed  a  member  of 
a  board  of  officers  convened  at  Washington  to  examine  officers  for 
admission  into  the  First  Veteran  Corps,  and  afterwards  served  on 
general  court-martial  duty  at  Annapolis,  Md.  He  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service  April  30,  1866,  and,  without  rejoining  the 
regiment,  was  appointed,  in  September,  1866,  lieutenant-colonel 
of  the  Forty-second  United  States  Infantry  (V.  R.  C),  to  date 
from  July  28,  1866,  and  was  employed  during  the  fall  and  winter 
in  organizing  and  drilling  his  regiment  at  Hart's  Island,  N.  Y., 
and  in  the  spring  of  1867  was  transferred  to  Plattsburg,  N.  Y., 
and  afterwards  to  Madison  Barracks,  N.  Y.  He  was  appointed 
in  December,  1867,  deputy-governor  of  the  Soldiers'  Home,  and 
served  in  that  position  until  April  1,  1868.  He  was  then  ap- 
pointed governor  of  the  Home,  and  held  the  office  until  July,  when 
he  resigned  the  position  and  was  assigned  to  duty  in  New  York 
City  as  a  member  of  a  Retiring  Board,  and  in  March,  1869,  he 
was  transferred  to  the  list  of  unassigned  officers  and  ordered,  in 


MILITARY  RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  391 

June,  1869,  to  California  as  superintendent  of  Indian  affairs,  and 
discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  until  Congress  passed  a  law 
forbidding  officers  of  the  army  to  hold  civil  office  under  the 
general  government. 

lie  was  retired  from  active  service  July  30,  1870,  with  the  rank 
of  brigadier-general,  for  the  loss  of  his  right  leg  from  wounds 
received  in  the  line  of  duty,  under  the  acts  of  Congress  of  August 
3,  1801,  and  July  28,  18GG.  His  home  is  in  New  Brunswick,  N.  J., 
where  he  is  engaged  in  business  pursuits. 


32.  Samuel  S.  Sumner  (a  son  of  Brigadier-General  Edwin 
V.  Sumner)  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was  appointed,  from 
at  large,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry 
June  11,  1801,  and  served  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Poolsville, 
Md.,  from  the  27th  of  June  to  the  29th  of  November,  when  he 
was  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  to  Brigadier-General  Edwin  V. 
Sumner,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the 
winter  of  1801-02,  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Penin- 
sular, and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of 
Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  and  in  the  advance  towards 
Richmond  until  the  beginning  of  the  seven  days'  battles,  when  he 
succumbed  to  an  attack  of  malarial  fever  and  was  sent  to  Fortress 
Monroe  for  medical  treatment.  He  rejoined  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  at  Harrison's  Landing  in  August,  and  served  from  War- 
renton  to  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  was  made  a  brevet 
first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  June  1,  1802,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious services  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks.  He  was  promoted  a  first 
lieutenant  July  17,  1802,  and  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  of  volun- 
teers, with  the  rank  of  captain,  August  20,  1SG2,  and  continued 
to  serve  on  the  staff  of  General  Sumner  until  March,  18G3,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  where  he  won  the  brevet 
of  captain  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services. 

He  was  assigned,  after  the  death  of  General  Sumner,  to  duty 
on  the  staff  of  General  Wool,  and  served  in  New  York  until  he  was 
transferred  to  the  stuff  of  General  Burnside.  lie  then  served  at 
Cincinnati  until  June,  when  he  accompanied  General  Parke,  com- 
manding the  Ninth  Army  Corps,  to  Vicksburg  as  a  volunteer  aide- 
de-camp,  still  retaining  his  position  on  the  staff  of  General  Burn- 


392  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

side,  and  won  the  brevet  of  major,  to  date  from  March  13,  1805, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the  Vicksburg  cam- 
paign. He  rejoined  General  Burnside  in  September,  and  served 
at  Knoxville  until  he  was  discharged  from  volunteer  commission, 
to  date  from  August  15,  18G3.  He  rejoined  the  regiment  at 
Brandy  Station  on  the  10th  of  November,  and  commanded  a 
company  during  the  Mine  Bun  operations  and  until  the  21st  of 
December,  18G3,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  ab- 
sence until  February,  1864. 

He  was  then  stationed  as  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer  at 
Springfield,  111.,  where  he  served  until  May,  1865,  when,  having 
been  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  March  30,  1864,  he  joined 
his  company  at  Washington,  and  served  with  the  escort  to  General 
Grant  until  the  25th  of  October,  when  he  was  transferred  to  recon- 
struction duty  in  the  Southern  States,  and  had  stations  at  Nash- 
ville, Memphis,  Huntsville,  Vicksburg,  and  Jackson,  commanding 
company  and  posts,  with  occasional  leaves  of  absence,  until  March 
31,  1869,  when  he  was  ordered  to  frontier  service.  He  arrived  at 
Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  on  the  6th  of  June,,  and  on  the  24th  joined 
the  Republican  River  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  repulsing 
a  night  attack  of  the  enemy  at  Rock  Creek,  Col.  ;  the  brilliant 
action  at  Summit  Springs,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallantry 
and  recommended  for  the  brevet  of  lieutenant-colonel ;  the  affair  in 
the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  and  in  the  Niobrara  pursuit.  He 
was  assigned,  in  October,  1869,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where 
he  had  station  until  May,  1871,  and  was  employed  on  field-service 
during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1870.  lie  then  availed  himself  of 
a  leave  of  absence  and  visited  Europe,  and  upon  his  Teturn  to  the 
United  States  conducted  a  detachment  of  the  regiment  from  San 
Francisco  to  Arizona,  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Camp  Bowie 
on  the  1st  of  July,  1872,  where  he  served,  commanding  company 
and  post,  until  April  13,  1875. 

lie  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and  rejoined  his 
company  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  November  18,  1875,  and  served  at 
the  station  until  June  5,  1876,  when  he  moved  by  rail,  with  a 
detachment  of  the  regiment,  to  Cheyenne,  and  participated  in  the 
Sioux  campaign  in  Northern  "Wyoming,  Montana,  and  Dakota, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek), 
Wyo. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  393 

lie  then  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Goose  Creek,  and 
served  with  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  during  all  its 
operations,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 
Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb., 
in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  had 
station  until  August  31,  1877,  when  he  proceeded  to  Green  River, 
Wyo.,  and  conducted  a  battalion  of  cavalry  to  Fort  Washakie,  and 
served  with  the  Wind  River  expedition  as  a  battalion  commander. 
He  returned  to  Fort  Sidney  in  October,  1877,  where  he  had  station 
until  May,  1878,  when  he  was  assigned  to  field-service  in  Northern 
Wyoming,  and  so  continued  until  the  loth  of  November,  when  he 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  did  not  again  join,  having 
been  promoted  a  major  in  the  Eighth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  April 
2,  1879.  He  reported  at  San  Antonio  on  the  loth  of  October, 
1879,  and  has  since  served  in  the  Department  of  Texas  as  a  post, 
and  at  times  as  a  regimental,  commander. 


33.  George  A.  Custer  was  born  in  Harrison  County,  Ohio, 
December  5,  1839.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy 
on  the  21th  of  June,  1861,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant.  He  reported  to  the  adjutant- 
general  of  the  army  on  the  20th  of  July,  and  was  selected  by 
General  Scott  as  a  bearer  of  dispatches  to  General  McDowell.  He 
started  at  seven  o'clock  p.m.  for  Centerville,  where  he  arrived  about 
three  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  21st,  and,  having  delivered  his  dispatches, 
reported  for  duty  with  his  company  at  daybreak,  and  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallant 
conduct.  He  then  served  at  Arlington  and  Alexandria,  and  later 
farther  to  the  front  as  an  aide-de-camp  and  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  for  General  Kearney  until  the  War  Department 
prohibited  regular  officers  from  serving  on  the  staffs  of  volunteer 
generals.  He  then  rejoined  his  company  and  served  in  the  de- 
fenses of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  participated 
in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  where  he  led  his  squadron 
in  a  charge  against  the  enemy's  pickets  and  forced  their  retreat 
across  the  stream.    He  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during 


394  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  change  of  base  to  the  Peninsula,  and  marched  with  his  com- 
pany from  Fortress  Monroe  to  Warwick,  where  he  was  selected  as 
an  assistant  to  the  chief  of  engineers  on  the  staff  of  General 
(Baldy)  Smith,  and  served  in  that  position  until  the  army  halted 
at  the  Chickahominy  River.  He  was  employed  during  the  siege 
of  Yorktown  in  superintending  the  construction  of  earthworks  and 
making  balloon  reconnaissances,  and  was  among  the  first  officers  to 
discover  the  evacuation  of  the  town,  and  reported  the  fact  to 
General  Smith.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Williamsburg, 
where  he  attached  himself  to  General  Hancock's  brigade,  and  was 
highly  commended  by  the  general  for  leading  two  regiments  to  an 
important  position  near  Fort  Magruder.  He  was  engaged  (com- 
manding a  company)  in  an  important  skirmish  at  New  Bridge, 
near  Cold  Harbor,  on  the  24th  of  May,  which  was  the  result  of  a 
reconnaissance  to  secure  information  concerning  the  fords  and 
roads  in  that  vicinity  and  to  attack  the  enemy,  who  were  reported 
encamped  near  the  bridge. 

After  General  McClellan  had  established  his  headquarters  about 
one  mile  from  the  Chickahominy  River,  the  chief  engineer  of  the 
army,  who  desired  to  examine  the  fords,  directed  Lieutenant 
Custer  to  accompany  him.  Upon  arrival  at  the  river-bank  he 
turned  to  the  young  subaltern  and  curtly  said,  "Jump  in."  The 
order  was  instantly  obeyed,  and  Lieutenant  Custer  crossed  the 
river  and  found  a  firm  bottom  to  the  opposite  bank,  where,  when 
safely  arrived,  he  began,  notwithstanding  the  earnest  warnings  of 
the  chief  engineer,  a  daring  reconnaissance,  which  was  continued 
until  he  had  examined  the  enemy's  position  and  ascertained  that 
the  principal  picket-guard  could  be  easily  captured  by  a  small 
force  of  resolute  men.  He  then  recrossed  the  river  and  reported 
that  it  was  fordable.  General  Barnard,  who  did  not  often  indulge 
in  compliments,  smiled  a  grim  approval  and  invited  the  lieutenant 
to  the  headquarters,  Avhere,  after  the  facts  had  been  reported,  he 
was  offered  a  position  as  an  aide-de-camp  on  the  staff  of  General 
McClellan,  which  was  accepted,  and  he  was  appointed  an  addi- 
tional aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  to 
date  from  June  5,  18G2.  He  then  obtained  permission  to  attack 
the  picket-guard  which  he  had  observed  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  and,  having  crossed  at  daybreak,  he  surprised  the  enemy, 
who  hastily  retreated,  leaving  their  dead  and  wounded  on  the  field. 


MILITARY   HECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  395 

He  captured  some  prisoners,  and  the  first  colors  which  were  taken 
by  Hie  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

JIc  participated,  during  the  subsequent  operations  of  the  Penin- 
sular campaign,  in  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  the  seven  days'  fighting, 
including  the  battles  of  Gaines's  Mill  and  Malvern  Hill,  the  skir- 
mish in  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula. 
When  General  McClellan  was  relieved  from  the  command  of  the 
army  Captain  Custer  continued  on  his  personal  staff,  and  later 
was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  and 
the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to  Warrenton.  About  this  time  he  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  parti- 
cipated in  the  brilliant  cavalry  engagement  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads, 
on  the  5th  of  November,  as  a  representative  of  the  headquarters 
staff,  and  two  days  thereafter  he  followed  General  McClellan 
into  retirement,  and,  having  been  placed  on  waiting  orders,  visited 
his  home,  where  he  remained  until  about  the  15th  of  January,  1863 
(and  made  an  unsuccessful  application  for  the  colonelcy  of  the 
Seventh  Michigan  Cavalry),  when  he  was  summoned  to  New  Jersey 
to  assist  General  McClellan  in  the  preparation  of  his  report  of  the 
operations  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  He  continued  on  this 
duty  until  March  31,  1863,  when  he  was  discharged  from  volunteer 
commission  and  joined  his  company  at  Capitol  Hill,  D.  C,  on 
the  3d  of  April,  where  he  served  until  about  the  15th  of  May, 
when  he  was  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  for  General  Pleasonton, 
and  participated  in  the  closing  operations  of  the  Rappahannock 
campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Brandy  Station  ; 
and  for  daring  gallantry  in  the  skirmish  at  Aldie  he  was 
appointed  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  June 
29,  18G3,  and  assigned  to  the  Michigan  brigade,  which  under 
his  leadership  became  so  deservedly  famous.  He  joined  the  Third 
Cavalry  Division  (General  Kilpatrick)  on  the  29th  of  June  at 
Hanover,  Pa.,  and  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and 
was  engaged,  on  the  1st  of  July,  in  a  skirmish  with  the  enemy's 
cavalry.  He  had  a  horse  killed  under  him  on  the  2d  of  July 
while  leading  a  company  of  the  Sixth  Michigan  Cavalry  in  a 
charge  near  Hunterstown.  He  was  conspicuous  on  the  right  of  the 
National  army  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  in  conjunction  witli 
the  brigades  of  Gregg  and  Mcintosh,  in  defeating  General  Stuart's 
efforts  to  turn  that  flank.     He  moved,  on  the  morning  of  the  4th, 


396  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

with  the  Third  Cavalry  Division  in  pursuit  of  the  enemy,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at  the  Monterey  House  and  Hagerstown, 
the  actions  at  Williamsport  (6th  and  14th),  Boonsboro,  Funkstown, 
Hagerstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to 
date  from  July  3,  18G3,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg. 

He  was  then  employed  in  Central  Virginia  until  the  end  of  the 
year,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  King  George  Court- 
House,  and  in  the  advance  towards,  and  skirmish  at,  Culpepper 
Court-House  (September  13),  where  a  piece  of  shell  wounded  him 
on  the  inside  of  the  thigh  and  killed  his  horse.  He  was  disabled  for 
field-service  until  the  8th  of  October,  when  he  rejoined  his  com- 
mand and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  James  City  and  Brandy 
Station  (where  his  determined  action  prevented  the  capture  of  his 
brigade),  the  movement  towards  Centerville,  the  actions  at  Gains- 
ville  and  Buckland's  Mills  (where  he  suffered  a  repulse  for  which 
he  was  not  responsible),  the  skirmish  at  Stevensburg,  and  the  Mine 
Run  operations. 

He  was  on  a  sick-leave  of  absence  during  a  part  of  the  spring  of 
1864,  but  returned  in  time  to  participate  in  the  Wilderness  cam- 
paign; and  in  the  reorganization  of  the  cavalry,  caused  by  the 
removal  of  General  Pleasonton,  the  death  of  General  Buford,  and 
the  transfer  of  General  Kilpatrick  to  the  West,  was  transferred 
with  the  Michigan  brigade  to  the  First  Cavalry  Division,  which 
crossed  the  Rapidan  in  May,  the  main  army  being  towards  Orange 
Court-House.  He  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness 
(where  the  cavalry  was  on  the  left)  and  Todd's  Tavern  ;  in  General 
Sheridan's  cavalry  raid  towards  Richmond  by  the  way  of  Beaver 
Dam  Station  and  Ashland,  during  which  his  brigade  had  the  advance 
and  by  a  gallant  dash  captured  at  Beaver  Dam  Station  three  large 
trains  which  were  conveying  rations  to  the  Confederate  army, 
destroyed  several  miles  of  railroad,  and  released  four  hundred 
prisoners  who  were  en  route  to  Richmond.  On  the  next  day  he 
assisted  in  the  destruction  of  the  Ashland  Station,  and  on  the  11th 
of  May  the  command  was  within  four  miles  of  Richmond,  on  the 
Brook  pike,  with  his  brigade  again  in  the  advance,  and  the  action 
of  Yellow  Tavern  followed,  where  he  won  the  brevet  of  lieutenant- 
colonel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  actions  at  Meadow  Bridge,  Mechanicsville,  and  Hanovertown, 


MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  397 

the  battles  of  Ilawes'  Shop  and  Cold  Harbor,  and  in  General  Sheri- 
dan's second  raid,  during  which  was  fought  the  battle  of  Trevillian 
Station  (where  his  brigade  was  at  one  time  in  such  great  peril  that 
he  tore  the  colors  from  the  staff  and  concealed  them  in  (he  breast  of 
his  coat),  and  the  skirmish  at  Newark.  After  a  brief  rest  near 
Petersburg  his  brigade  was  transferred  from  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac to  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  arrived  at  Hall  town  about  the 
8th  of  August,  and  participated,  with  the  First  Cavalry  Division,  in 
the  skirmishes  at  Stone  Chaftel  and  Newtown,  the  brilliant  action  at 
Cedarville,  near  Front  Royal,  the  combats  at  Kearneysville,  Smith- 
field,  Berryville,  and  Opequan  Creek,  the  battles  of  Winchester 
and  Fisher's  Hill  (where  he  rendered  conspicuous  service),  and  the 
actions  at  Cedarville  and  Luray.  He  was  made  a  brevet  colonel, 
to  date  from  September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester,  and  brevet  major-general  of 
volunteers,  to  date  from  October  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious services  at  the  battles  of  Winchester  and  Fisher's  Hill. 

He  was  assigned,  on  the  26th  of  September,  to  the  command  of 
the  Second  Cavalry  Division,  which  he  attempted  to  join  at  Pied- 
mont ;  but  the  enemy  appearing  in  force,  he  was  compelled  to 
return  to  the  cavalry  headquarters,  where  he  remained  until  the 
30th,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Third  Cavalry  Division  and 
assumed  the  command  at  Harrisonburg,  and  started  on  the  6th  of 
October,  with  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah,  on  the  return  march 
through  the  Valley,  moving  on  the  road  nearest  the  Blue  Eidge, 
and  repulsed  the  enemy  that  night  at,  Turkeytown.  On  the  next 
day  his  rear-guard  was  frequently  engaged  with  the  enemy  during 
the  march  towards  Columbia  Furnaces,  and  the  next  day  they 
fought  his  rear-guard  with  so  much  persistency  that  General 
Sheridan  ordered  his  chief  of  cavalry  to  attack  them,  and  at 
daybreak  of  the  9th  of  October  the  brilliant  cavalry  action  of 
Woodstock  was  begun.  General  Custer,  having  completed  the 
formation  for  a  charge,  rode  to  the  front  of  his  line  and  saluted 
his  former  classmate,  General  Rosser,  who  commanded  the  Con- 
federate cavalry,  and  then  moved  his  division  at  a  trot,  which  in 
a  few  minutes  was  changed  to  a  gallop,  and  as  the  advancing 
line  nearcd  the  enemy  the  charge  was  sounded,  and  the  next  in- 
stant the  division  enveloped  their  Hanks  and  forced  them  to 
retreat  for  two  miles,  when  General  Rosser  made  a  brilliant  effort 


39S  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

to  recover  the  lost  ground  ;  but  General  Custer  rapidly  re-formed  his 
brigades  and  again  advanced  in  a  second  charge  with  the  other 
divisions,  and  drove  the  enemy  to  Mount  Jackson,  a  distance  of 
twenty-six  miles,  with  a  loss  of  everything  on  wheels  except  one 
gun. 

lie  was  conspicuous  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  where  he 
confronted  the  enemy  from  the  first  attack  in  the  morning  until 
the  battle  was  ended.  After  the  first  surprise  he  was  recalled  from 
the  right  and  assigned  to  the  left,  where  the  enemy  were  held  in 
check.  After  General  Sheridan  appeared  on  the  field  he  was  re- 
turned to  the  extreme  right,  and  at  quarter-past  four  o'clock  p.m., 
when  the  grand  advance  was  made,  leaving  three  regiments  to  attend 
to  the  cavalry  in  his  front,  he  moved  into  position  with  the  other 
regiments  of  his  division  to  participate  in  the  movement.  The 
divisions  of  cavalry,  sweeping  both  flanks,  crossed  Cedar  Creek  about 
the  same  time,  and,  breaking  the  last  line  the  enemy  attempted 
to  form,  charged  upon  their  artillery  and  trains  and  continued  the 
pursuit  to  Fisher's  Hill,  capturing  and  retaking  a  large  number  of 
guns,  colors,  and  materials  of  war.  He  won  in  this  battle  an 
enduring  fame  as  a  cavalry  leader,  and  was  recommended  by  General 
Torbert  for  promotion,  which,  upon  several  occasions,  he  had 
justly  earned.  He  was  sent  to  Washington  at  the  end  of  the  cam- 
paign in  charge  of  the  captured  battle-flags,  and  upon  his  return 
to  the  Valley  commanded,  in  December,  an  expedition  to  Har- 
risonburg, and  was  attacked  at  Lacey  Springs,  at  daybreak  of  the 
.^Oth,  by  a  superior  force,  and  compelled  to  retire  to  "Winchester, 
where  he  remained  during  the  winter.  No  important  events 
marked  his  career  during  this  period,  except  his  promotion  to  a 
captaincy  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  May  8,  1864,  and  an 
assignment  to  duty  on  his  brevet  rank  as  a  major-general  of 
volunteers. 

He  participated  in  General  Sheridan's  last  cavalry  raid  during 
the  spring  of  1865,  marching  from  Winchester  to  Harrisonburg,  and 
thence  to  Waynesboro,  where,  while  in  the  advance,  he  engaged 
and  defeated  the  enemy  and  captured  three  guns,  two  hundred 
wagons,  sixteen  hundred  prisoners,  and  seventeen  battle-flags.  He 
was  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  brilliant  operations  of  that  dash- 
ing movement  until  the  command  (First  and  Third  Divisions), 
having  crossed  the  Peninsula  and  the  James  River,  encamped,  on 


MILITARY   EECOKDS   OF   OFFICERS.  399 

the  2Gth  of  March,  in  rear  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  which 
was  then  in  front  of  Petersburg. 

On  the  next  day  the  two  divisions  were  moved  to  the  rear  of 
the  extreme  left  and  encamped  at  Hancock's  Station,  where  they 
Avere  joined  by  the  Second  Division,  and  on  the  29th  the  entire  cav- 
alry corps  moved  out  to  raid  in  the  rear  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  cut  the  South  Side  Railroad,  and  effect  a  junction 
with  General  Sherman  in  North  Carolina;  but  the  plans  were 
changed  during  the  night,  and  the  cavalry  corps  was  ordered  to 
turn  the  enemy's  right  flank,  which  brought  on  the  actions  at 
Five  Forks  and  Dinwiddie  Court-House,  and  the  next  day  General 
Custer  Avon  the  brevet  of  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  March 
13,  18G5  (antedated),  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Five  Forks.  He  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Sailor's 
Creek  and  Appomattox  Station,  received  the  first  flag  of  truce 
from  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  and  was  present  at  the  sur- 
render at  Appomattox  Court-House,  April  9,  18G5,  and  a  few  days 
afterwards  participated  in  the  movement  to  Dan  Eiver,  N.  C, 
which  marks  the  close  of  his  services  during  the  war  of  the 
Eebellion.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major-general,  to  date  from 
March  13,  18G5,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
campaign  ending  with  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  and  was  appointed  a  major-general  of  volunteers,  to  date 
from  April  15,  1865. 

That  a  high  class  standing  at  the  Military  Academy  does  not 
always  indicate  the  future  successful  soldier  has  been  often  proved, 
and  in  no  case  more  forcibly  than  in  General  Custer's :  his  class 
graduated  thirty-four  men,  of  which  number  thirty-three  were 
above  him.  His  perceptive  faculties,  decision  of  character,  dash, 
and  audacity  won  the  favor  of  the  peculiar  Kearney,  the  cautious 
McClellan,  the  sarcastic  Pleasonton,  and  the  impetuous  Sheridan ; 
and  these  generals,  with  wholly  different  ideas  and  characters, 
trusted  him  with  unlimited  confidence.  During  the  period  that 
he  commanded  the  Third  Cavalry  Division  he  captured  one 
hundred  and  eleven  guns,  sixty-five  battle-flags,  and  ten  thousand 
prisoners  of  war,  and  in  his  farewell  order  to  his  veteran  troopers 
he  said  :  "I  only  ask  that  my  name  may  be  written  as  that  of  the 
commander  of  the  Third  Cavalry  Division." 

He  was  assigned,  after  the  grand  review,  to  the  South-wear, 


400  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  commanded  a  division  of  cavalry  at  Alexandria,  La.,  until 
July,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Division  of  the  Gulf,  and 
thence,  in  November,  to  the  Department  of  Texas,  where  he 
served  as  chief  of  cavalry  until  March,  1866,  when  he  was  mustered 
out  of  volunteer  service  at  Houston,  to  date  from  February  1,  1866. 
He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  entered  into 
negotiations  with  the  Mexican  government  to  become  chief  of 
cavalry  for  Juarez  in  the  final  struggle  with  Maximilian,  having 
been  strongly  recommended  for  the  position  by  General  Grant ; 
but  the  President  declined  to  give  him  a  leave  of  absence  for  that 
purpose,  and  he  was  compelled  to  resign  his  commission  or 
abandon  the  enterprise.  He  adopted  the  latter  course,  and  in 
September  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Seventh  Cav- 
alry, to  date  from  July  28,  1866,  and  joined  his  regiment  at  Port 
Riley,  Kan.,  in  November,  1866,  and  served  on  the  plains  until 
January,  1871,  participating  in  Hancock's  expedition  to  South- 
western Kansas  and  the  Indian  Territory  in  the  spring  of  1867; 
commanding  an  expedition  to  the  Republican  River  Valley  during 
the  summer  of  1867,  and  commanding  his  regiment  in  the  cam- 
paign south  of  the  Arkansas  River  during  the  fall  of  1868,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Washita,  near  the  Antelope  Hills,  in 
the  Indian  Territory,  on  the  27th  of  November,  where  he  inflicted 
a  crushing  defeat  upon  a  large  force  of  Cheyennes,  and  the  vigor 
of  his  operations  during  the  winter  compelled  the  entire  tribe  to 
return  to  their  reservation.  He  served  near  Fort  Hays  during 
the  summer  of  1869,  at  Fort  Leavenworth  during  the  winter  of 
1869-70,  and  was  employed  on  field-service  from  May  to  November, 
1870.  He  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  in  January,  1871, 
and  rejoined  his  regiment  in  Kentucky  in  August,  and  commanded 
the  post  of  Elizabethtown  until  the  spring  of  1873,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  the  Department  of  Dakota,  and  moved  with  his  com- 
mand by  water  to  Yankton,  and  marched  thence  to  Fort  Rice, 
where  he  arrived  about  the  end  of  May,  and,  joining  Colonel 
Stanley's  Yellowstone  expedition,  was  engaged,  on  the  4th  of  Au- 
gust, with  the  Sioux  on  the  Yellowstone  near  the  mouth  of 
Tongue  River ;  and  on  the  11th  on  the  Yellowstone  three  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Horn  River.  When  the  expedition 
was  disbanded  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  Abraham  Lincoln,  where 
he   had  station    from    September,   1873,   to  May,  1876,  and   was 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  401 

employed  in  the  usual  duties  of  a  post  and  regimental  commander, 
with  occasional  leaves  of  absence  and  tours  of  detached  service, 
and  commanded,  in  the  summer  of  1874,  an  exploring  expedition 
into  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota. 

He  set  out  from  Fort  Abraham  Lincoln  with  the  Seventh 
Cavalry,  on  the  loth  of  May,  187G,  to  participate  in  a  campaign 
against  the  confederated  Sioux  tribes,  and,  while  conducting  a 
pursuit  of  the  enemy,  discovered  them  on  the  Little  Big  Horn 
River,  Mon.,  on  the  25th  of  June.  He  divided  his  command  into 
two  columns,  and  moved  upon  the  enemy  about  three  o'clock  p.m., 
first  sending  Major  Reno's  battalion  over  the  ford  near  the  upper 
end  of  the  village,  while  he  moved  down  the  river  with  five  companies 
until  he  arrived  nearly  opposite  the  centre  of  the  village,  and  at  a 
greater  distance  from  Major  Reno  than  he  had  intended,  being 
about  two  miles  from  him  in  an  air-line  and  three  and  a  half 
miles  by  the  trail.  The  enemy  quickly  repulsed  Major  Reno,  who 
retreated,  with  severe  loss,  to  a  high  bluff  on  the  opposite  side  of 
the  river,  where  he  was  joined  by  Captain  Benteen,  who  had  been 
dispatched  that  morning  with  three  companies  on  a  reconnaissance 
before  the  enemy  were  discovered,  and  an  effort  was  then  made  to 
join  Lieutenant-Colonel  Custer;  but  the  enemy  appeared  in  such 
force  that  the  movement  was  abandoned  and  the  command  in- 
trenched on  the  bluff,  where  it  was  subjected  to  a  furious  assault, 
losing  sixty-four  men  killed  and  wounded.  Meanwhile  the  enemy, 
having  Major  Reno's  command  in  a  state  of  siege,  turned  upon 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Custer  with  an  overwhelming  force,  and,  in  a 
struggle  which  continued  about  forty-five  minutes,  annihilated  his 
entire  command,  only  one  Indian  scout  (Curly)  escaping  to  tell 
the  story  of  the  disaster.  What  Custer's  thoughts  and  feelings 
were  during  this  struggle  against  overwhelming  odds  and  in  the 
presence  of  death  may  be  surmised  but  never  known.  His  method 
of  attack  had  miscarried.  Seven  companies  of  his  command  were 
cut  off,  and  he  was  unable  to  communicate  with  them.  But  he 
undoubtedly  fought  against  time,  hoping  for  the  night  to  come, 
which  might  give  a  chance  for  the  detached  companies  to  join  him 
or  enable  him  to  prepare  for  a  successful  defense  until  the  column 
under  General  Terry  and  Colonel  Gibbons,  due  twenty-four  hours 
later,  should  arrive.  With  these  hopes  he  doubtless  cheered  his 
men  in  the  unequal  contest,  yielding  ground  by  inches  until  he 
26 


402  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS, 

■was  brought  to  bay  on  a  knoll  near  the  river,  where  with  about 
thirty  of  his  officers  and  men  he  fought  heroically  to  the  end 
against  the  merciless  savages  who  surrounded  him.  And  thus  the 
hero  of  many  a  gallant  cavalry  charge  died  fighting  hand-to-hand 
with  the  veteran  warriors  of  the  Sioux  tribes  at  the  head  of  all 
that  remained  of  his  devoted  squadrons. 

After  a  season  of  rest  in  rude  sepulchre  on  the  field  where  he 
fell,  his  remains  were  removed  to  West  Point,  N.  Y.,  where  they 
were  interred  with  imposing  ceremonies,  and  in  August,  1879,  his 
last  battle-field  was  announced,  in  orders  from  the  headquarters  of 
the  army,  as  a  national  cemetery. 

On  the  30th  of  August,  1879,  a  monument  erected  to  his 
memory  was  unveiled  at  West  Point  in  the  presence  of  a  distin- 
guished audience.  Algernon  S.  Sullivan  delivered  the  presentation 
address,  and  William  McDonald,  the  sculptor,  unveiled  the  statue 
amid  prolonged  applause  and  a  salute  of  thirteen  guns,  while  the 
band  played  Custer's  favorite  charging-tune,  "  Garry  Owen." 
Major- General  Schofield  accepted  the  statue.  General  Banks 
delivered  the  oration.  The  distinguished  tragedian,  John  McCul- 
lough,  recited  "Custer's  Last  Ride,"  and  the  exercises  closed  with 
Henry  Morford's  "Hail  and  Farewell  to  Custer,"  sung  by  a 
quintette  of  distinguished  artists,  and  many  voices  in  the  audience 
joined  in  the  chorus. 

The  statue  stands  in  the  centre  of  the  green  in  the  angle  formed 
by  the  mess-hall  and  the  superintendent's  office,  and  can  he  seen 
from  the  river.  The  figure  is  a  statuesque  portrait  of  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  Custer  in  his  last  battle.  It  is  eight  feet  in  height,  dressed 
in  the  uniform  of  his  grade,  and  stands  on  a  granite  pedestal 
about  six  feet  in  height.  On  the  east  side  of  the  pedestal,  facing 
the  river,  is  a  bass-relief  in  bronze  which  represents  him  on  horse- 
back and  riding  through  a  pine  forest.  The  northern  and  southern 
medallions  are  devoted  to  Indian  trophies,  including  a  buffalo-head 
in  bronze  and  other  figures.  On  the  west  side,  facing  the  barracks, 
is  the  inscription,  "  George  A.  Custer,  Lieutenant-Colonel  Seventh 
Cavalry,  brevet  major-general  United  States  Army,  Born  Decem- 
ber 5,  1839,  in  Harrison  County,  Ohio.  Killed,  with  his  entire 
command,  in  the  battle  of  Little  Big  Horn,  June  25,  1876." 

Lieutenant-Colonel  Custer  at  twenty-five  years  of  age  was  known 
as  a  successful  cavalry  general,  and  his  death  at  a  period  of  almost 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  403 

profound  peace,  in  a  contest  with  a  handful  of  men  against  a  horde 
of  merciless  savages,  was  a  national  calamity. 

His  dash,  daring,  and  entire  devotion  to  duty  when  there  was 
need  for  his  services  made  him  a  typical  soldier  among  soldiers. 
He  died  on  the  field  of  battle  with  his  face  to  the  foe,  and  his 
name  is  forever  enveloped  in  the  purple  mist  of  soug. 


34.  William  H.  Brow^  was  born  in  Maryland  about  1837. 
He  was  serving  as  an  enlisted  man  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cav- 
alry when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Eleventh 
(now  Sixteenth)  Infantry,  May  14,  1861.  He  was  promoted,  in 
that  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  September  9,  1861.  He  resigned 
October  23,  1861,  and  was  appointed  on  the  same  day  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  joined  at  Camp  Cliffburn, 
near  Washington.  He  served,  as  regimental  quartermaster,  from 
December  1,  1861,  to  December  1,  1862,  in  the  defenses  of  Wash- 
ington, and  participated  in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular 
campaigns,  and  was  present  during  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  the 
advance  towards  Eichmond. 

He  was  appointed  an  assistant  quartermaster  of  volunteers, 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  December  1,  1862,  and  served  in  that 
grade,  chiefly  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  until  August  25, 
1865,  when  he  was  discharged  and  made  a  brevet  major  of  volun- 
teers, to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  17,  1862,  and  a  cap- 
tain April  1,  1865,  and  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from 
June  18,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
Piedmont  and  Lynchburg  expedition  ;  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date 
from  April  1,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Five  Forks. 

He  joined  his  company  in  December,  1865,  and  served  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  New  Market,  Winchester,  and  Richmond,  Va., 
until  September,  1868,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  frontier  and 
entered  upon  a  tour  of  field-service,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs 
on  Shuter  Creek  and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  River,  Kan.,  in 


404  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

October,  1868  ;  participated  in  the  Canadian  Eiver  expedition  dur- 
ing the  winter  of  1868-69,  and  in  the  march  from  Fort  Lyon,  Col., 
to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  May,  1869,  and  was  engaged  en  route 
in  the  actions  at  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks.  He  participated, 
during  August  and  September,  1869,  in  the  closing  operations  of 
the  Eepublican  Eiver  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair 
in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  the  Niobrara  pursuit,  and  the 
affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek.  He  then  served  at  Fort  McPherson 
and  North  Platte,  having  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until 
November  27,  1871,  when  he  proceeded  with  the  first  detachment 
of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia, to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell,  January  8, 1872. 
He  served  as  acting  assistant  inspector-general  of  the  Department 
of  Arizona  from  June  12,  1872,  to  May  1,  1873,  and  participated 
in  the  Apache  campaign  of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged  in  the  com- 
bats at  the  Caves  in  Salt  Eiver  Canon  and  on  Pinto  Creek.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  Camp  Grant  and  the  San  Car- 
los Eeservation,  where  he  had  stations  until  April,  1874,  and  was 
engaged,  during  September  and  October,  1873,  in  four  combats 
with  hostile  Apaches  in  the  Sierra  Ancha  and  Mazatzal  Moun- 
tains. He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be 
a  brevet  lieutenant- colonel,  to  date  from  December  28,  1872,  for 
gallant  conduct  in  an  engagement  with  Tonto  Apache  Indians  at 
the  Caves ;  to  be  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  April  9,  1873,  for 
gallant  conduct  in  the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto  Apache 
Indians  ;  and  to  be  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date  from  October 
30,  1873,  for  gallant  and  distinguished  conduct  in  an  action  with 
Delche's  band  of  Apache  Indians  in  the  Mazatzal  Mountains. 

He  served  as  a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  convened  at  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  for  the  purchase  of  cavalry  horses,  from  April  to 
June,  1874.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  for 
one  year,  and  died  in  New  York  City  on  the  4th  of  June,  1875. 


35.  Thomas  E.  Maley  was  born  in  Ireland,  and  emigrated  at 
an  early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry  at  St.  Louis  in  May,  1855,  and  marched  with  the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  405 

regiment  to  Texas,  where  he  served  as  a  non-commissioned  officer, 
and  was  distinguished  for  gallant  conduct  in  a  combat  with  hos- 
tile Indians  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  March  8,  1850.  He  was  ap- 
pointed regimental  quartermaster-sergeant,  to  date  from  February 
1,  1857,  and  served  in  that  grade  until  the  expiration  of  his  enlist- 
ment. 

He  was  appointed,  June  15,  18G0,  a  freight  and  ticket  agent 
of  the  Illinois  Central  and  Toledo,  Wabash,  and  Western  Railroad, 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  position  at  Oilman,  111.,  until 
September  12,  1861,  when  he  was  appointed  a  first  lieutenant  and 
regimental  quartermaster  of  the  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and 
served  in  the  grade  until  April  22,  1862,  when,  having  been  ap- 
pointed, from  Illinois,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  April  14,  1862,  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the 
volunteer  service.  He  joined  the  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  at 
its  organization,  and  his  experience  in  the  quartermaster's  depart- 
ment was  of  great  value  at  a  time  when  the  company  officers  were 
inexperienced  in  such  matters,  and  the  fidelity  and  integrity  with 
which  he  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  were  fittingly  acknow- 
ledged in  a  regimental  order. 

He  joined  his  company  on  the  29th  of  April,  and  on  the  9th 
of  May  was  appointed  regimental  adjutant.  He  participated  in 
the  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and  Rappahannock  campaigns, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the 
advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House, 
the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill 
(wounded),  the  skirmish  at  Savage  Station,  the  battle  of  Malvern 
Hill,  the  skirmish  in  the  White  Oak  Swamp,  with  the  regiment 
as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during 
the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain 
and  Antietam;  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to,  and  skirmish  near, 
Shepherdstown,  the  engagement  near  Halltown,  the  skirmishes 
near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station, 
the  skirmishes  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads  and  Amissville,  the  battle 
of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  17,  1862,  and  vacated 
his  position  as  adjutant  December  1,  1862,  having  been  appointed 
regimental  quartermaster.     He  served  in  winter  camp  near  Fal- 


406  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

mouth  1862-63,  participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards 
Richmond,  and  was  engaged  during  June  in  the  battle  of  Beverly 
Ford,  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  and  the  actions  at  Middletown  and 
Snicker's  Gap.  He  then  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  and 
Central  Virginia  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown, 
and  Falling  Waters,  the  engagement  of  Manassas  Gap,  the  skir- 
mish near  Front  Royal,  the  battle  of  Brandy  Station,  the  action  at 
Morton's  Ford,  the  combat  of  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  Mine  Run 
operations. 

He  served  in  winter  camp  near  Mitchell's  Station,  Va.,  1863-64, 
and  participated  in  the  Wilderness  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  the  actions  at  Beaver  Dam  Station, 
Yellow  Tavern,  and  Meadow  Bridge,  the  skirmish  near  Mechanics- 
ville,  the  battles  of  Cold  Harbor,  Trevillian  Station,  and  Deep  Bot- 
tom, where  he  commanded  the  regiment  and  was  severely  wounded 
and  disabled  for  service  until  the  15th  of  November,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  Carlisle,  where  he  served  as  adjutant,  commissary,  and 
quartermaster  (resigned  the  appointment  of  regimental  quarter- 
master November  30,  1864)  until  September,  1866.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  captain  July  28,  1866,  and  rejoined  at  Washington  on 
the  13th  of  November,  where  he  served  until  April  26,  1867,  when 
he  was  assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in  Georgia  and  served  at 
Atlanta  until  April  12,  1869.  He  was  then  transferred  to  the 
Department  of  the  Platte  and  served  with  the  Republican  River 
expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  repulsing  a  night  attack  of  the 
enemy  at  Rock  Creek  and  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Summit 
Springs,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallantry.  It  was  now 
apparent  that  the  gun-shot  wound  received  at  Deep  Bottom  had 
permanently  disabled  him,  and  a  few  days  after  the  action  at 
Summit  Springs  he  was  ordered,  at  his  own  request,  before  a 
retiring  board  and  found  incapacitated  for  active  service.  He 
was  then  granted  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  December  15,  1870, 
when  he  was  retired  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  under  the 
acts  of  Congress  of  August  3,  1861,  and  July  28,  1866,  for 
wounds  received  in  the  line  of  duty.  He  was  reduced  to  the  grade 
of  captain  (mounted)  by  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1875, 
but  was  subsequently  restored  to  the  grade  of  lieutenant-colonel 
by  the  act  of  Congress  of  March  3,  1877. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  407 

He  was  made  a  brevel  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  June  27, 
1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's 
Mill ;  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  September  17,  1862,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Antietam  ;  and  a 
brevet  major,  to  date  from  July  28,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritori- 
ous services  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom.  His  home  is  near  Aus- 
tin, Cook  County,  111.,  where  he  is  engaged  in  agricultural  pur- 
suits. 


36.  Gustavus  Ueban  was  born  in  Prussia  about  1834  and 
emigrated  at  an  early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  enlisted  in 
the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  in  July,  1855,  and  marched  with 
the  regiment  to  Texas,  where  he  served  as  a  non-commissioned 
officer  until  the  expiration  of  his  term  of  enlistment,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  several  combats  with  hostile  Indians  and  in  the  brilliant 
action  at  Small  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  May  13, 
1859. 

He  re-enlisted  in  July,  1860,  and  was  appointed  regimental 
quartermaster-sergeant  March  1,  1861.  When  Texas  was  sur- 
rendered to  the  insurgents  he  marched  with  the  headquarters  from 
Fort  Mason  to  Indianola,  and  embarked  with  the  second  detach- 
ment on  the  steamship  Emjrire  City  and  sailed  for  New  York 
Harbor,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived  on  the 
27th  of  April,  1861. 

He  participated  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and  the 
skirmishes  near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill.  He  was  dis- 
charged from  his  enlistment  on  the  16th  of  September,  1861, 
having  been  appointed  an  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volunteers 
with  the  rank  of  captain.  He  had  previously  declined  the  appoint- 
ment of  first  lieutenant  and  regimental  quartermaster  of  the  Third 
Kentucky  Cavalry,  to  date  from  September  12,  1861.  He  was 
assigned  to  duty  with  Brigadier-General  (L.  P.)  Graham,  and 
served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62,  participated  in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular 
campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown  and  the 
battle  of  Williamsburg.     He  then  joined  Brigadier-General  Aber- 


408  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

crombie,  and  served  with  him  until  after  the  battle  of  Malvern 
Hill,  when  he  was  recommended  for  an  appointment  in  the 
regular  army  by  the  general,  who  said  :  "  There  are  very  few, 
if  any,  of  his  rank  who  have  a  stronger  claim  for  advancement. 
His  services  to  me  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks  as  a  staff  officer  were 
invaluable." 

He  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  July  17,  18G2,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  with 
the  same  date.  He  resigned  his  volunteer  commission  January  30, 
1863,  and  joined  the  regiment  at  Falmouth,  Va.,  on  the  8th  of 
February,  and  was  employed  on  provost  duty  on  the  north  side  of 
the  Potomac  until  April,  when  he  participated  in  General  Stone- 
man's  raid  towards  Richmond,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combats 
near  Brandy  Station  and  Fleming's  Cross-Roads,  where  he  was 
distinguished  for  gallantry. 

He  was  severely  wounded  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  (dis- 
tinguished for  gallantry)  and  disabled  for  service  until  August  7, 
1863,  when  he  was  appointed  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer 
and  an  acting  provost-marshal  of  the  Fifth  District  in  !N"ew  York 
City,  where  he  had  station  until  April,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the 
regiment  at  Mitchell's  Station,  Va.,  and  participated  in  General 
Sheridan's  raid,  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  the  actions  at  Beaver 
Dam  Station,  Yellow  Tavern,  and  Meadow  Bridge,  the  skirmish 
near  Mechanicsville,  the  battles  of  Cold  Harbor,  Trevillian  Sta- 
tion, and  Deep  Bottom  (wounded).  He  commanded  the  regiment 
from  the  4th  of  September  to  the  3d  of  December,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  battle  of  Winchester,  the  action  near  Milford,  the 
skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the  actions  near  Luray  and  Woodstock, 
the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  and  the  raid  into  Loudon  Valley.  He 
served  near  Winchester  during  the  winter  of  1864-65,  and  par- 
ticipated in  General  Sheridan's  last  cavalry  raid  in  the  spring 
of  1865,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near  Staunton  and 
Bent's  Creek  and  the  action  at  South  Anna  Bridge.  He  then 
rejoined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  participated  in  the  closing 
Richmond  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Five 
Forks  and  Dinwiddie  Court-House  and  the  battle  of  Five  Forks. 
He  commanded  the  regiment  during  April  in  the  action  at  Ap- 
pomattox River,  the  skirmishes  at  Bnrkesville,  Farmville,  Prince 
Edward's  Court-House,  Amelia  Court-House,  and  at  the  surrender 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  409 

of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  on  the  9th  of  April,  1SG5.  lie 
was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  June  9,  1863,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  and  a 
brevet  major,  to  date  from  July  28,  18G4,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom. 

He  was  appointed,  in  May,  18G5,  an  aide-de-camp  for  Major- 
General  Wesley  Merritt,  and  served  in  the  Division  of  the  South- 
west and  in  the  Department  of  Texas  until  November,  when  he 
was  relieved  and  joined  his  company  in  December  at  Cumberland, 
Md.,  and  served  at  that  station  until  January,  1866,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in  the  Carolinas  and  served  at 
Raleigh  (where  he  received  his  promotion  to  a  captaincy,  to  date 
from  July  28,  18GG)  and  Morganton,  N.  0.,  until  September,  18G8, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  Kansas,  and  was  engaged  in  October 
in  the  affairs  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Shuter  Creek,  and  the  north 
branch  of  Solomon  River,  Kan.  He  participated  in  the  Canadian 
River  expedition  during  the  winter  of  1868-69  and  in  the  march 
from  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was  engaged 
en  route  in  the  actions  at  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks.  He  also 
served  with  the  Republican  River  expedition  during  the  summer 
of  1869.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson,  where  he  died 
on  the  11th  of  January,  1871.  He  was  highly  esteemed  as  a 
brave  and  faithful  officer,  and  was  deservedly  conspicuous  for 
integrity  and  entire  devotion  to  duty.  His  remains  were  taken  to 
Morganton,  N.  C,  where  they  now  rest. 


37.  Jeremiah  C.  Dexxet  was  born  in  Ireland  about  1834 
and  emigrated  at  an  early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  enlisted 
in  the  mounted  service  in  March,  1855,  and  was  assigned  to  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  and  served  with  the  regiment  in 
Texas,  as  a  private  and  corporal  in  the  band,  until  August  1, 
1858.  He  was  then  appointed  chief  bugler  and  retained  the  posi- 
tion until  May  1,  I860,  when  he  was  appointed  sergeant-major 
and  served  in  that  grade  until  July  25,  1862. 

He  participated  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and  the  skir- 
mishes near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill.      He  served  in    the 


410  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

defenses  of  Washington  from  August,  1861,  to  March,  1862  ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes 
with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle 
of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland, 
and  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  where  he  was  severely  injured. 
He  was  transferred,  July  25,  1862,  to  the  general  service  and 
assigned  as  a  clerk  in  the  War  Department.  He  was  appointed, 
in  September,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  July  17,  1862,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  with  the 
same  date.  He  joined  the  regiment  and  participated  in  the  Mary- 
land and  Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles 
of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherds- 
town,  the  engagement  near  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union 
and  Upperviile,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmishes 
at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads  and  Amissville,  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg, and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1862-63  near  Falmouth,  Ya., 
and  was  employed  as  a  company  commander  and  as  acting  regi- 
mental-quartermaster until  about  the  end  of  April.  He  then 
availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  June,  when  he 
rejoined  the  regiment  and  was  engaged,  during  the  summer,  in 
the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at 
Middletown  and  Snicker's  Gap,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the 
actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling 
Waters,  the  engagement  of  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near  Front 
Royal,  and  the  battle  of  Brandy  Station. 

He  was  assigned,  in  September,  1863,  to  Point  Lookout,  Md., 
where  he  served  until  July,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  regiment 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom.  He  commanded 
the  regiment  from  the  28th  of  July  to  the  31st  of  August,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  action  near  Winchester  and  White  Post,  the 
skirmishes  near  Shepherdstown,  Front  Royal,  Kearneysville,  White 
Post,  and  Smithfield,  and  was  engaged,  during  September  and 
October,  in  the  affair  at  Berryville,  the  action  near  Mil  ford,  the 
skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the  actions  near  Luray  and  Woodstock, 
the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek  (where  he  Avon  the  brevet  of  captain, 
to  date  from  October  19,  1861,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  411 

vices),  the  raid  into  Loudon  Valley,  the  skirmishes  near  Madison 
Court-House  and  Gordonsville,  and  the  action  near  Paris. 

He  served  near  Winchester  during  the  winter  of  18G4-65,  and 
participated  in  General  Sheridan's  last  cavalry  raid  in  the  spring 
of  L865,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near  Staunton  and 
Bent's  Creek  and  the  action  at  South  Anna  Bridge.  He  then 
rejoined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  was  captured  in  the  action 
at  Five  Forks,  March  30,  18G5,  and  reported  himself  on  the 
3d  of  April  as  a  paroled  prisoner  of  war.  He  joined  for  duty  on 
the  1st  of  May,  and  commanded  the  regiment  until  the  25th  of 
June,  and  conducted  it  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  5th  of  June  and  had  station  until  January,  18GG,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Washington,  where  he  served  until  October. 
He  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  July  28,  18G6,  and 
joined  his  company  in  North  Carolina  and  served  on  reconstruc- 
tion duty  at  Raleigh,  Kingston,  Ashville,  and  Morganton  until 
September,*  1868,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Kansas,  and  was 
engaged,  in  October,  in  the  affairs  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Shuter 
Creek,  and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  River,  Kan.  He  was 
sick  in  hospital  at  Fort  Wallace,  Kan.,  from  November  1,  1868, 
to  February  3,  1869,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  and  marched 
from  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was  engaged 
en  route  in  the  actions  at  Beaver  and  Spring  Creeks.  He  ac- 
companied the  Eepublican  River  expedition  of  1869,  against  the 
judgment  of  his  superiors,  as  his  mind  was  somewhat  impaired 
because  of  the  death  of  his  wife,  but  it  was  hoped  by  his  friends 
that  the  activity  and  excitements  of  field-service  would  fully  re- 
store his  health.  It  soon  became  apparent,  however,  that  it  would 
not  be  prudent  to  intrust  him  with  the  care  of  his  company,  and 
he  was  accordingly  relieved  from  command  and  returned,  with  an 
escort,  to  Fort  McPherson,  where  he  died  on  the  12th  of  June, 
1869.  His  remains  rest  in  the  national  cemetery  near  North 
Platte,  Neb.  He  was  recommended  in  the  fall  of  18G8,  by  Generals 
Emory  and  Merritt,  for  the  appointment  of  brevet  major  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  lb"  was 
a  man  of  generous  impulses,  faithful  to  his  friendships,  and  es- 
teemed by  those  who  knew  him  as  a  gallant  officer  and  courteous 
gentleman. 


412  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

38.  Philip  Dwyer  was  born  in  Ireland  about  1837  and  emi- 
grated at  an  early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  enlisted  at  Boston 
in  1858,  and  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  and 
served  in  Texas  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  until  the  State  was 
surrendered  to  the  insurgents,  when  he  accompanied  the  regiment 
to  Carlisle.  He  participated  in  Lieutenant  Tompkins'  dashing 
charge  at  Fairfax  Court-House  on  the  1st  of  June,  1SG1,  and  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Bun,  and  was  appointed,  September  16,  1861, 
regimental  quartermaster-sergeant,  and  held  the  position  until 
September  22,  1862.  He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Vir- 
ginia Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  Avas  engaged  in 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost 
daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Bich- 
mond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  to- 
wards Ashland,  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmish  at  Savage 
Station,  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  the  skirmish  in 'the  AVhite 
Oak  Swamp,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula, 
the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  and  the  skirmish 
near  Shepherdstown. 

He  was  discharged  from  his  enlistment  September  22,  1862, 
having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
with  the  same  date.  He  served  with  his  company  until  November 
29,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  regimental  commissary,  and  held 
the  position  until  he  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  July  31, 
1866.  He  was  engaged,  during  November  and  December,  1862,  in 
the  skirmish  near  Union,  the  action  near  Piedmont,  the  skirmish 
at  Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmishes  at 
Barbee's  Cross-Boads  and  Amissville,  and  the  battle  of  Fredericks- 
burg. 

He  served  during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1862-63  near  Fal- 
mouth, Va.,  as  regimental  commissary  until  March  22,  1863,  when 
he  was  appointed  commissary  of  the  Regular  Cavalry  Brigade 
and  held  the  position  until  July,  1861.  and  was  present  at  many 
of  the  battles  in  which  the  brigade  was  engaged,  and  was  made 
a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  June  11,  1864,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Trevillian  Station.     He  then 


MILITAKT  RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  413 

rejoined  the  regiment  and  was  engaged  in  the  buttle  of  Deep  Bot- 
tom, and  was  captured  in  a  guerrilla  affair  between  Berryville 
and  Charlestown,  Va.,  on  the  loth  of  August,  1864,  and  held  as 
a  prisoner  of  war  until  May,  18G5,  when  he  rejoined  the  regi- 
mental headquarters  and  served  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  Wash- 
ington until  the  27th  of  August,  18GG.  He  was  then  selected  for 
recruiting  service  and  had  stations  at  Cleveland  and  St.  Louis 
until  February,  1869,  when  he  was  ordered  to  join  his  company 
at  Jackson,  Miss.  He  served  at  that  station  until  the  31st  of 
March,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Port  McPherson,  Neb.,  where 
he  arrived  on  the  31st  of  May,  and  a  few  days  afterwards  joined 
the  Republican  River  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs 
in  the  sand-hills  near  Frenchman's  Fork  and  at  Rock  Creek,  the 
brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs  and  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog 
Creek.  He  was  assigned,  at  the  end  of  the  campaign,  to  Fort  D. 
A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  December,  1871,  and 
was  employed  on  field-service  during  the  summer  of  1870. 

He  then  proceeded  with  the  second  detachment  of  the  regi- 
ment, by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California, 
to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Date  Creek  February  11,  1872, 
where  he  served  until  August  29, 1872,  when  he  died  of  disease. 
His  remains  rest  in  the  national  cemetery  near  Prescott,  A.  T. 
He  was  recommended  in  the  fall  of  18G8,  by  Generals  Emory 
and  Merritt,  for  the  appointment  of  brevet  major  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom.  He  was  a 
man  of  remarkably  quiet  manner  and  pleasing  address,  and  was 
universally  esteemed. 


39.  James  Hastings  was  born  in  England.  He  was  a  ser- 
geant in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  on  the  22d 
of  September,  1862,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  served  as  an 
enlisted  man  in  Texas,  and  was  engaged,  in  December,  1859,  in 
the  actions  against  the  Cortinas  marauders  near  Brownsville  and 
Ringgold  Barracks.  When  Texas  was  surrendered  to  the  insur- 
gents he  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  to 
Carlisle,  where  he  arrived  on  the  13th  of  April,  1861.     He  was  en- 


414  MILITARY  RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

gaged  in  the  capture  of  Alexandria  and  the  battle  of  Bull  Run. 
served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62,  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and 
Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar 
Knn,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in 
almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance 
towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  re- 
connaissances towards  Ashland  and  the  White  House,  the  skir- 
mish near  Polgreen's  Church  (commanding),  the  skirmish  near 
Sycamore  Church,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Penin- 
sula, the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  pursuit  of 
the  enemy  to  Warrenton,  and  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown. 

He  joined  his  company  in  the  field  and  participated,  during  the 
closing  months  of  1862,  in  the  engagement  near,  and  reconnais- 
sance to,  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville, 
the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmishes  at  Barbee's  Cross- 
Roads,  Little  Washington,  and  Amissville,  the  affair  south  of  War- 
renton, the  skirmish  near  Rappahannock  Bridge,  the  battle  of 
Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth. 

He  was  regimental  adjutant  from  December  1,  1862,  to  July 
31,  1866,  and  served  continuously  with  the  regiment  during  the 
war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  was  engaged  in  General  Stoneman's  raid 
towards  Richmond,  April-May,  1863  (distinguished  for  gallantry 
at  Fleming's  Cross-Road s),  and  later  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford, 
where  he  was  again  distinguished  for  gallantry.  He  then  partici- 
pated in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central  Virginia  campaigns,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at  Middletown 
and  Snicker's  Gap,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  actions  at  Wil- 
liamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the  engage- 
ment of  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the  action 
and  battle  near  Brandy  Station,  the  action  at  Morton's  Ford,  the 
combat  of  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  Mine  Run  operations. 

He  served,  during  the  winter  of  1863-64,  near  Mitchell's  Sta- 
tion, Va.,  where  he  received  his  promotion  to  be  a  first  lieutenant, 
to  date  from  September  25,  1863.  He  was  engaged,  during  Feb- 
ruary and  March,  1864,  in  the  actions  near  Barnett's  Ford  on 
the  Rapidan,  Charlottesville,  and  Stannardsville,  and  the  skirmish 
near  Morton's  Ford.     He  then  participated  in  the  Wilderness  cam- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS,  415 

jpaigil  of  1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern, 
the  actions  at  Beaver  Dam  Station,  Yellow  Tavern,  and  Meadow 
Bridge,  the  skirmish  near  Mechanicsville,  the  battles  of  Cold 
Harbor,  Trevillian  Station,  and  Deep  Bottom.  He  was  transferred, 
in  August,  1864,  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley  and  participated  in  the 
brilliant  operations  of  General  Sheridan's  campaign,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  action  near  Winchester  and  White  Post,  the  skir- 
mishes near  Shepherdstown,  Front  Royal,  and  Eeameysville,  the 
affair  at  White  Post,  the  action  at  Smithfield,  the  affair  at  Berry- 
ville  (commanding  regiment),  the  battle  of  Winchester,  the  action 
near  Milford,  the  skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the  actions  near 
Luray  and  Woodstock,  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  the  raid  into 
Loudon  Valley,  the  skirmishes  near  Madison  Court-House  and 
Gordonsville,  and  the  action  near  Paris.  He  was  made  a  brevet 
captain,  to  date  from  September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1864-65  near  Winchester,  and 
participated  in  General  Sheridan's  last  cavalry  raid  in  the  spring 
of  1865,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near  Staunton  and 
Bent's  Creek  and  the  action  at  South  Anna  Bridge.  He  then  re- 
joined the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  participated  in  the  closing 
Richmond  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Five  Forks, 
the  engagement  near  Dinwiddie  Court-House  (where  he  won  the 
brevet  of  major,  to  date  from  March  31,  1805,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services),  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  the  action  at  Appo* 
mattox  River,  the  skirmishes  at  Burkesville,  Farmville,  Prince 
Edward's  Court-House,  Amelia  Court-House,  and  was  present  at 
the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  April  9,  1865. 
He  then  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Cumberland,  Md., 
where  he  arrived  on  the  5th  of  June,  and  served  until  the  24th 
of  October,  when  he  changed  station,  with  the  headquarters,  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  served  until  August  27,  1866,  when 
he  was  relieved  from  duty  as  adjutant,  at  his  own  request,  to  date 
from  July  31,  1866,  and  accepted  a  tour  of  recruiting  service  at 
Indianapolis  and  Carlisle  until  January  30,  1867,  when  he  joined 
his  company  in  South  Carolina,  having  previously  declined  a  cap< 
taincy  in  the  Tenth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866. 

He  served  at  Edgefield  and  Aiken,  S.  C,  until  September,  1867, 
when,  having  been  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  August  11, 


416  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

1867,  lie  joined  his  company  and  served  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  and 
Atlanta,  Ga.,  until  November  14,  18G8,  when  he  was  ordered  be- 
fore a  retiring  board,  and  on  the  22d  of  December,  1808,  in  con- 
formity with  the  recommendation  thereof,  he  was  wholly  retired 
from  the  service. 


40.  Eobeet  Sweatman  was  born  in  England.  He  was  a  first 
sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  on  the  22d 
of  September,  1862,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  served  as  an 
enlisted  man  in  Texas,  and  was  engaged,  in  December,  1859,  in  the 
actions  against  the  Cortinas  marauders  near  Brownsville  and  King- 
gold  Barracks.  "When  Texas  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents 
he  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  to  Carlisle, 
where  he  arrived  on  the  13th  of  April,  1861.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  capture  of  Alexandria  and  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  served  in 
the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  partici- 
pated in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  cam- 
paigns, and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege 
of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily 
skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond, 
the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissances  towards 
Ashland  and  the  White  House,  the  skirmish  near  Sycamore  Church, 
with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of 
South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to  War- 
renton,  and  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown. 

He  joined  his  company  in  the  field  and  participated  in  the  en- 
gagement near,  and  reconnaissance  to,  Halltown.  He  was  then 
assigned  to  recruiting  service  at  Hagerstown,  Md.,  where  he  served 
until  the  8th  of  November,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at  Amissville  and  near  the  Rappahan- 
nock Bridge,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance 
near  Falmouth. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1862-63  near  Falmouth,  Va., 
participated  in  the  action  at  Kelly's  Ford  and  in  General  Stone- 
man's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April-May,  1863,  and  was  engaged 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  417 

in  the  action  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads  and  later  in  the  battle  of 
Beverly  Ford.  He  then  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  cam- 
paign and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at 
Middletown  and  Snicker's  Gap,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  ac- 
tions at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters, 
and  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  3,  18G3, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  Gettysburg  cam- 
paign, and  later  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
September  25,  1863. 

He  served  as  acting  assistant  quartermaster  of  the  Reserve 
Cavalry  Brigade  from  the  30th  of  September  to  the  1st  of  Novem- 
ber, and  then  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until 
the  25th  of  December,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  station  for 
drafted  men  at  Indianapolis,  Ind.,  where  he  served  until  April, 
1864.  He  then  rejoined  the  regiment  and  participated  in  the 
"Wilderness  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Todd's 
Tavern,  and  was  captured  at  Beaver  Dam  Station  on  the  10th  of 
May  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  until  November,  when  he  was 
paroled  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Carlisle.  He  was  finally  exchanged 
in  February,  1865,  and  joined  his  company  near  Winchester  and 
participated  in  General  Sheridan's  last  cavalry  raid,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  skirmishes  near  Staunton  and  Bent's  Creek  and  the 
action  at  South  Anna  Bridge.  He  then  rejoined  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  and  participated  in  the  closing  Richmond  campaign, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Five  Forks,  the  engagement  near 
Dinwiddie  Court-House,  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  the  action  at 
Appomattox  River,  the  skirmishes  at  Burkesville,  Farmville,  Prince 
Edward's  Court-House,  Amelia  Court-House,  and  was  present  at 
the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  April  9,  1865. 
He  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  May  10,  1864,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  action  at  Beaver  Dam 
Station. 

He  served  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  from  June  to  October,  1865, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in  the  Southern  States 
and  served  in  Tennessee,  Mississippi,  and  Georgia,  having  stations 
at  Nashville,  Memphis,  Morganton,  Vicksbnrg,  Big  Black  River, 
Yazoo  City,  and  Jackson  until  December,  1867,  when,  having  been 
promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  November  4,  1867,  he  joined  his 
company  at  Nashville,  where  he  had  station  until  September,  1868, 
27 


418  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

"when  he  was  transferred  to  Kansas,  and  was  engaged  in  October 
in  the  affairs  on  Shuter  Creek  and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon 
Eiver,  Kan.  He  served  with  the  Canadian  River  expedition  dur- 
ing the  winter  of  1868-69,  and  participated  in  the  Republican 
Eiver  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  on  the  Republican 
River  near  Spring  Creek,  and  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek.  He  was  as- 
signed, in  November,  1869,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  "Wyo.,  where  he 
had  station  until  January  3,  1870,  when  he  ceased  to  be  an  officer 
of  the  army. 


41.  John  H.  Kane  was  born  in  Ireland  and  emigrated  at  an 
early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  enlisted  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry  in  1855,  and  served  at  Fort  Mason  and  Camps 
Verde  and  Cooper,  Texas,  until  the  State  was  surrendered  to -the 
insurgents,  when  he  accompanied  the  regiment  to  Carlisle  and 
served  in  the  defenses  of  "Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62, 
participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and 
Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  the  skirmishes  at  Lee's  Mills  and  "Warwick  Creek,  the 
battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the 
enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Han- 
over Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the  battle 
of  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmish  at  Savage  Station,  the  battle  of  Mal- 
vern Hill,  the  skirmishes  near  Sycamore  Church  and  in  the  "White 
Oak  Swamp ;  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the 
battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shep- 
herdstown,  the  engagement  near  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near 
Union  and  Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skir- 
mishes at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  Amissville,  and  Little  "Wash- 
ington, the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near 
Falmouth. 

He  was  a  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged 
on  the  2d  of  April,  1863,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieuten- 
ant in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  February  19,  1863.  He  then 
participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April- 
May,  1863,  and  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central  Virginia  cam- 
paigns, and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  419 

the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at 
Middletown  and  Snicker's  Gap,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the 
actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling 
Waters,  the  engagement  at  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near 
Front  Boyal,  and  the  battle  of,  and  skirmish  near,  Brandy  Sta- 
tion. He  was  assigned,  on  the  1st  of  September,  to  the  command 
of  a  detachment  of  the  Sixth  Cavalry  then  serving  with  the  regi- 
ment, and  on  the  13th  of  October  was  transferred  to  the  command 
of  a  company  of  the  regiment,  and  participated  during  the  closing 
months  of  the  year  in  the  action  at  Morton's  Ford,  the  combat  of 
Bristoe  Station,  the  movement  towards  Manassas  and  Centreville, 
the  skirmish  at  Kettle  Run,  and  in  the  Mine  Run  operations. 

He  served  during  the  winter  of  1863-64  near  Mitchell's  Station, 
Va.,  and  was  engaged  during  February  and  March  in  the  actions 
near  Barnett's  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  at  Charlottesville  and  Stan- 
nardsville,  and  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford.  His  company 
was  then  selected  as  a  part  of  the  escort  for  General  Grant,  and 
he  served  in  that  position  from  March  24,  1864,  to  the  end  of  the 
war,  and  participated  in  the  general  engagements  about  Rich- 
mond and  in  front  of  Petersburg,  and  in  the  closing  campaign 
which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia 
on  the  9th  of  April,  1865.  He  also  participated  in  raids  on  the 
Petersburg  and  Weldon  Railroad  in  August,  1864,  and  through 
Surry  County,  between  the  Blackwater  and  James  River,  Va.,  in 
October,  1864. 

He  was  promoted,  in  January,  1865,  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date 
from  November  19,  1863,  and  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date 
from  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battles  terminating  with  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  army. 

He  accompanied  the  headquarters  of  the  army  to  Washington 
in  May,  1865,  and  continued  on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant 
until  October  25,  1865,  when  he  was  assigned  to  temporary  duty 
with  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  until  February,  1866.  Pie 
then  joined  his  company  in  South  Carolina,  and  served  on  recon- 
struction duty  at  Columbia  and  Aiken  until  May,  1868,  when  he 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  visited  Europe.  He 
rejoined  his  company  near  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  in  October,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affairs  on  Shuter  Creek  and  the  north  branch  of 
Solomon  River,  Kan.     He  served  with  the  Canadian  River  expe- 


420  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

ditiou  during  the  winter  of  1868-69,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
actions  on  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks  during  the  march  from  Fort 
Lyon,  Col.,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  May,  1869.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  captain,  to  date  from  December  22,  1868,  and  assumed 
the  command  of  his  company  at  Fort  McPherson  in  June,  1869, 
and  served  with  the  Republican  River  expedition,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the  brilliant  action  at  Sum- 
mit Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  and 
the  Niobrara  pursuit.  He  was  then  assigned  to  temporary  duty 
at  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  served  until  November,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until 
March,  1870.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and 
again  visited  Europe.  He  rejoined  his  company  at  Sherman,  "Wyo., 
in  July,  and  served  at  that  station  until  August  31,  1870,  when, 
having  previously  tendered  his  resignation,  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  15, 
1870,  which  provided  for  a  reduction  of  the  army.  He  settled  in 
Texas  and  engaged  in  the  stock-growing  business. 


42.  Robert  P.  Wilson  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
engaged  in  civil  pursuits  in  Philadelphia  at  the  beginning  of  the 
war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  enlisted  in  the  First  Troop,  Philadelphia 
City  Cavalry,  which  was  attached  to  the  battalion  of  the  Fifth 
(old  Second)  Cavalry  under  the  command  of  Colonel  George  H. 
Thomas,  and  served  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  cam- 
paign, and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and  in 
the  skirmishes  at  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill.  He  then  re- 
turned to  civil  life  until  January  24,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed 
a  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  of  the  Third  Battalion  of  the  Third 
Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  and  served  as  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general  of  the  brigade  to  which  he  belonged  until  the  evacuation 
of  Yorktown.  He  then  rejoined  his  regiment  and  commanded  a 
company  until  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battles  of  Williamsburg  and  Gaines's  Mill,  and  in  the  seven 
days'  battles  about  Richmond,  terminating  with  Malvern  Hill. 
He  then  participated  in  the  Maryland  campaign  until  October  2, 
1862,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged,  to  date  from  September 
7,  1862 — a  date  ten  days  prior  to  the  battle  of  Antietam,  in  which 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  421 

he  was  engaged.  He  then  enlisted  in  the  Twelfth  Infantry  and 
served  as  a  private  until  he  was  discharged  and  appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  1,  18G3. 

He  commanded  a  company  during  the  Pennsylvania  and  Cen- 
tral Virginia  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Boons- 
boro,  Fnnkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the  engagement  at  Manas- 
sas Cap,  the  skirmish  near  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  action  near 
Brandy  Station  (wounded).  He  served  as  an  aide-de-camp,  during 
October,  for  Brigadier-General  Wesley  Merritt,  and  commanded  a 
company  during  November  and  December,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
operations  at  Mine  Run.  He  served  during  the  winter  of  18G3-64 
near  Mitchell's  Station,  Va,,  and  was  engaged  during  February 
and  March  in  the  actions  near  Barnett's  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  at 
Charlottesville  and  Stannardsville,  and  the  skirmish  near  Morton's 
Ford.  He  then  participated  in  the  Wilderness  campaign,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern  and  the  action  at  Beaver 
Dam  Station,  where,  while  making  a  daring  reconnaissance,  he  was 
captured  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  until  June,  1865,  when  he 
was  appointed  a  mustering  and  disbursing  officer  at  Columbus, 
Ohio,  where  he  served  until  the  24th,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Carlisle. 

He  was  promoted,  in  January,  1865,  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date 
from  May  8,  1864,  and  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date 
from  August  1,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Brandy  Station,  and  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  May 
10,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  action  at 
Beaver  Dam  Station. 

He  served  at  Carlisle  until  October,  1865,  when  he  was  selected 
for  recruiting  service  and  had  stations  at  St.  Louis  and  Carlisle 
until  June,  1866.  He  was  then  assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in 
the  Southern  States,  and  served  in  Tennessee  and  Mississippi, 
having  stations  at  Nashville,  Memphis,  Grenada,  Gallatin,  Chatta- 
nooga, and  Jackson,  until  March  31,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Nebraska.  He  arrived  at  Fort  McPherson  in  June,  and  served 
with  the  Republican  River  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
affairs  in  the  sand-hills  near  Frenchman's  Fork  and  at  Rock 
Creek,  and  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs. 

He  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  June  12,  1869,  and 
had  station  at  Fort  McPherson  from  July  to  October,  when  he 


422  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

again  joined  the  Republican  River  expedition  and  served  with  it 
until  the  end  of  November.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  July,  1870,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  Chug  Water,  Wyo.,  and  thence,  in  September,  to 
Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  until  September,  1871.  He 
then  marched  to  Fort  McPherson  and  availed  himself  of  a  leave 
of  absence  until  December,  when  he  conducted  a  detachment  of 
recruits,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California, 
to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in  February,  1872, 
where  he  rejoined  his  company  and  soon  thereafter  marched  to 
Camp  Verde,  and  was  engaged,  on  the  19th  of  May,  in  an  affair  at 
the  Mexican  crossing  of  the  Verde  River.  He  was  on  a  leave  of 
absence  from  August,  1S72,  to  March,  1873,  when  he  again  con- 
ducted a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Arizona,  and  rejoined  his  station 
in  May,  and  was  employed  in  superintending  the  construction  of  a 
wagon  road  from  Camp  Verde  to  Camp  Apaehe  until  October, 
1874,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and  rejoined 
his  company  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  in  September,  1875,  and  served 
at  that  station  until  June,  1876,  when  he  moved  by  rail  with  a 
detachment  of  the  regiment  to  Cheyenne,  whence  he  marched  to 
Fort  Laramie  to  participate  in  the  Sioux  campaign  in  Xorthern 
Wyoming.  After  a  brief  service  in  the  Black  Hills  he  tendered 
his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  date  from  July  29,  1876. 
He  returned  to  his  home  near  Philadelphia  and  engaged  in  agri- 
cultural pursuits  until  the  winter  of  1878,  when  he  was  appointed 
United  States  Consul  at  Moscow. 


43.  Alfred  B.  Tatlor  (a  son  of  Rear-Admiral  W.  R.  Taylor, 
of  the  United  States  Navy)  was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
He  was  serving  as  an  enlisted  man  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when 
he  was  discharged  in  November,  1863,  having  been  appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  October  31,  1863. 
He  joined  his  company  on  the  12th  of  November,  and,  after 
participating  in  the  operations  at  Mine  Run,  served  during  the 
winter  of  1863-64  near  Mitchell's  Station,  Va.,  and  was  engaged 
during  February  and  March  in  the  actions  near  Barnett's  Ford 
on  the  Rapid  an,  Cbarlottesville,  and  Stannardsville,  and  the  skir- 
mish near  Morton's  Ford. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  423 

Ho  served  with  the  battalion  of  the  regiment  which  was  on 
escort  duty  with  General  Grant  from  March  24,  1864,  to  the  end 
of  the  war,  and  participated  in  the  general  engagements  about 
Richmond  and  in  front  of  Petersburg,  and  in  the  closing  campaign 
which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia 
on  the  9th  of  April,  1865.  lie  also  participated  in  raids  on  the 
Petersburg  and  Weldon  Railroad  in  August,  1864,  and  through 
Surry  County,  between  the  Blackwater  and  James  River,  Va.,  in 
October,  1864. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  September 
12,  1864,  and  was  made  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  April  9, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the  campaign 
terminating  with  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  army. 

He  accompanied  the  headquarters  of  the  army  to  Washington, 
where  he  served  until  November,  1866,  except  a  tour  of  detached 
service  to  Leesburg,  Va.,  during  July  and  August.  He  was  ap- 
pointed regimental  quartermaster  December  31,  1866,  and  held 
the  position  until  he  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  June 
22,  1869,  and  served  as  quartermaster  for  the  garrisons  at  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  and  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was  employed  from 
August,  1868,  to  April,  1869,  on  special  duty  at  Washington, 
Carlisle,  and  in  the  Department  of  Texas  in  charge  of  a  system 
of  instruction  pertaining  to  the  care  and  treatment  of  cavalry 
horses. 

He  joined  his  company  at  Fort  McPherson,  August  25,  1869, 
and  participated  in  the  closing  operations  of  the  Republican  River 
expedition  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek, 
Kan.  He  served  at  Fort  McPherson,  having  occasional  tours  of 
field-service,  from  October,  1869,  to  November,  1871,  when  he  ac- 
companied the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of 
San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived 
at  Camp  Grant  in  January,  1872,  where  he  served  until  May.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  general  court-martial  service  at  Tucson  and 
San  Francisco  until  October,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  and 
participated  in  the  Apache  campaign  of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  action  at  the  Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon  and  the  affair  on 
Pinto  Creek,  and  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate 
to  be  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  December  28,  1872,  for  gallant 
conduct  in  the  engagement  with  Tonto  Apache  Indians  at  the 


424  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Caves.  He  served  as  a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  convened 
at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  for  the  purchase  of  cavalry  horses,  from 
April  to  August,  1873,  and  thereafter  with  his  company  at  Camp 
Grant  until  August,  1874,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave 
of  absence  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  in  Oc- 
tober, 1875,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field- 
service,  until  June,  1876.  He  then  moved  by  rail  to  Cheyenne, 
Wyo.,  whence  he  marched  to  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  where  he 
had  station  during  the  summer  and  fall  months,  and  partici- 
pated, on  the  23d  of  October,  in  the  capture  of  a  Sioux  village  on 
Chadron  Creek,  Neb.  He  served  with  the  Powder  River  expe- 
dition during  November  and  December,  1876,  and  participated 
in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bates  Creek  (north  branch  of  Powder 
River),  where  he  narrowly  escaped  death.  The  hardships  and 
exposures  of  the  winter  campaign  compelled  him  to  relinquish  the 
command  of  his  company  at  Red  Cloud  Agency  in  December, 
1876,  and,  after  an  almost  continuous  absence  from  duty  on  sick- 
report  and  sick-leaves  until  April,  1879,  he  was  retired  from 
active  service,  to  date  from  May  1, 1879,  for  disability  resulting 
from  disease  contracted  in  the  line  of  duty. 

He  engaged  in  mercantile  and  literary  pursuits  at  New  York 
City  until  the  fall  of  1881.  He  then  visited  Europe  and  remained 
abroad  until  October,  1882,  when  he  returned  to  New  York  City, 
where  he  is  now  living. 


44.  Robert  H.  Montgomery  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
enlisted  in  the  mounted  service  in  August,  1860,  and  joined  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  at  Fort  Inge,  Texas,  in  December, 
1860,  where  he  served  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  until  the 
State  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents,  when  he  marched  to 
Indianola  and  embarked  with  the  second  detachment  of  the  regi- 
ment on  the  steamship  Empire  City  and  sailed  for  New  York,  and 
proceeded  thence  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived  on  the  27th  of  April, 
1861. 

He  participated,  as  a  non-commissioned  officer,  in  General 
Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action 
at  Falling  Waters  and  in  the  skirmishes  near  Marti nsburg  and 
Bunker  Hill ;  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  425 

winter  of  1861-62,  and  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and 
Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown, 
the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with 
the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of 
Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the 
action  at  Old  Church,  the  reconnaissance  towards  the  White 
House,  the  skirmish  in  the  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  with  the  regi- 
ment as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  dur- 
ing the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula;  the  battles  of  South  Mountain 
and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  the  engagement 
near  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the 
action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross- 
Roads,  the  action  at  Amissville,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and 
the  skirmish  and  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth. 

He  was  discharged  from  his  enlistment  on  the  17th  of  Decem- 
ber, 1862,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  November  29,  1862,  and  commanded  a  com- 
pany from  December,  1862,  to  October,  1863.  He  served  during 
the  winter  of  1862-63  near  Falmouth,  Va.,  and  was  engaged,  in 
March,  in  the  action  at  Kelly's  Ford  ;  participated  in  General 
Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April-May,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  action  near  Raccoon  Ford  (where  he  captured  the  men  of 
a  Confederate  battery)  and  the  skirmish  at  South  Anna  Bridge, 
and  during  June  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  the 
skirmish  at  Aldie,  and  the  actions  at  Middletown  and  Snicker's 
Gap.  He  then  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central 
Virginia  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling 
Waters,  the  engagement  at  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near  Front 
Royal,  the  action  and  battle  of  Brandy  Station,  the  action  at 
Morton's  Ford,  and  the  combat  of  Bristoe  Station.  He  was  made 
a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  June  9,  1863,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford;  a  brevet 
captain,  to  date  from  August  1,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Brandy  Station  ;  and  was  recommended  in 
the  fall  of  1868,  by  Generals  Emory  and  Merritt,  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  brevet  major  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Gettysburg. 

He  was  captured,  October  29,  1863,  while  on  picket-duty  at 


426  MILITAEY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Elk  Run,  Va.,  and  his  name  was  dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the 
army ;  but  when  the  circumstances  attending  his  capture  were 
fully  understood  he  was  restored  to  the  service  and  rejoined  the 
regiment  from  a  prisoner  of  war,  April  29,  1865.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  first  lieutenant  April  25,  1865,  and  served  as  regimental 
quartermaster  from  August  3,  1865,  to  December  31,  1866,  when 
he  was  appointed  regimental  adjutant  and  held  the  position  until 
July  12,  1869.  He  served  during  this  period  at  Cumberland,  Md., 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  Port  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was  also  em- 
ployed from  March  to  December,  1867,  as  recorder  of  a  board  of 
officers  convened  at  Washington  to  examine  candidates  for  appoint- 
ment to  the  army,  and  as  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brevet  Major- 
General  Emory  from  November,  1867,  to  August,  1868. 

He  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  from  duty  as  regimental 
adjutant,  and  participated  in  the  closing  operations  of  the  Repub- 
lican River  expedition,  and  commanded  a  company  in  the  affair  in 
the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg  and  in  the  Niobrara  pursuit, 
and  served  as  quartermaster  of  the  expedition  during  September 
and  October,  and  participated  in  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek, 
Kan.  He  was  assigned,  in  November,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
where  he  had  station,  Avith  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until 
December  12,  1871,  and  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from 
January  3,  1870. 

He  accompanied  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment  from 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of 
California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in  January, 
1872,  where  he  served  until  June,  when  he  entered  upon  a  tour  of 
field-service  which  continued  until  February,  1873,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  brilliant  combat  at  Muchos  Canons,  the  affairs  on 
the  Santa  Maria,  Sycamore  Creek,  in  the  Red  Rock  country,  and 
on  Pinto  Creek.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Camp  Grant,  where  he 
served  until  May,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Camp  McDowell 
and  thence  to  Camp  Apache,  where  he  arrived  in  June.  He  then 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  October,  when  he  con- 
ducted a  detachment  of  recruits  to  the  Pacific  coast  and  rejoined 
his  company  at  Camp  Apache  in  January,  1874,  and  was  engaged, 
in  November  and  December,  in  the  affairs  at  Lake  and  Canon 
creeks.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to 
be  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  September  25,  1872,  for  gallant 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  427 

conduct  in  the  engagement  at  Muchos  Cafions,  and  a  brevet  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, to  date  from  December  8,  1874,  for  gallant  and  dis- 
tinguished conduct  during  a  reconnaissance  made  by  him  through 
Tonto  Basin  during  November  and  December,  1874. 

He  had  station  at  Camp  Apache  until  July,  1875,  when  he 
conducted  a  detachment  (B,  G,  I)  of  the  regiment  from  Arizona 
to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  whence  he  moved  by  rail  with  his  company  to 
Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  where  he  arrived  in  September  and  had  station, 
with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  June,  1876,  when  he 
moved  by  rail  with  a  detachment  of  the  regiment  to  Cheyenne 
and  participated  in  the  Sioux  campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming, 
Dakota,  and  Montana,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  War 
Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  and  in  the  skirmishes  at  Slim 
Buttes,  Dak. 

He  was  assigned,  upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  in 
October,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Kussell,  where  he  had  station  until  April, 
1880,  and  was  employed  on  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming 
during  the  summers  of  1877-78,  in  the  capture  of  disaffected 
Indians  at  Boss  Fork  (Idaho)  Agency,  in  January,  1878,  and  in  the 
Ute  expedition  during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1879,  and  participated 
in  raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col. 

He  was  transferred,  in  April,  1880,  to  Fort  Niobrara,  in -North- 
ern Nebraska,  where  he  has  since  served  as  a  company,  and  at  times 
as  a  post,  commander. 


45.  Alexander  S.  Clarke  was  born  in  Missouri.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  13th  of  June,  1804, 
and  assigned  to  the  Second  Artillery  as  a  second  lieutenant,  ami 
was  transferred  to  the  First  Cavalry  November  21,  186-1,  with 
his  original  rank.  He  was  promoted,  in  his  regiment,  a  first 
lieutenant  February  6,  1865,  and  was  regimental  adjutant  from 
April  to  September,  1865. 

He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  from  July  to  Decem- 
ber, 1801,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
and  participated  in  General  Torbert's  reconnaissance  towards 
Gordonsville,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near  Madison 
Oonrt-House  and  Gordonsville  and  the  action  near  Paris.  He 
participated  in  General  Sheridan's  last  cavalry  raid  in   the  spring 


4?8  M1LITAEY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICEES. 

of  1865,  and  marched  from  Winchester  to  Harrisonburg  and  thence 
to  "Waynesboro,  where  he  was  engaged  with  the  enemy.  His 
regiment  then  marched  towards  Lynchburg,  and  finally  rejoined 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  when  he  participated  in  the  closing 
Richmond  campaign  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  near  Din- 
wicldie  Court-House,  the  battle  of  Five  Forks  (where  he  won  the 
brevet  of  captain,  to  date  from  April  2,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services),  and  the  action  of  Namozine  Creek,  Avhere  he 
was  wounded  and  disabled  for  service  until  June,  1865,  when  he 
rejoined  his  regiment  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  where  he  served  until 
September,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  Military  Academy  as  an 
assistant  instructor  of  cavalry  and  infantry  tactics,  and  served 
at  that  station  from  September  23,  1865,  to  July  1,  1871. 

He  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Forty-fourth  (Veteran  Re- 
serve)  Infantry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866,  and  upon  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  army  in  1869  was  placed  on  the  list  of  unassigned 
officers,  where  he  remained  until  December,  1870,  when  he  was 
assigned,  with  his  original  rank,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
August  31,  1870.  He  joined  the  regiment  at  Fort  McPherson, 
Neb.,  on  the  29th  of  September,  and  assumed  the  command  of 
his  company  on  the  2d  of  October,  which  he  retained  until  the 
29th.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  March 
1,  1872,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  and  settled  in  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  as  a  practising  physician. 


■16.  Emil  Adam  was  born  in  Germany  and  emigrated  at  an  early 
ago  to  the  United  States.  The  Alton  (111.)  Yagers,  of  which  he 
was  a  member,  having  tendered  their  services  to  the  government 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  were  accepted  at 
Springfield,  on  the  25th  of  April,  1861,  as  a  company  of  the  Ninth 
Illinois  Volunteers.  He  was  then  appointed  a  second  lieutenant, 
and  served  during  the  period  of  enlistment  (three  months)  at  Cairo 
and  participated  in  a  few  reconnaissances  into  Kentucky  and 
Missouri. 

When  his  regiment  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the  United 
States,  on  the  28th  of  July,  for  three  years,  he  was  promoted 
a  first  lieutenant,  and  marched  from  Cairo  to  Paducah,  Ky., 
where  he  served  on  provost-guard  duty  until   September,  when 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  429 

lie  was  appointed  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  second 
brigade  of  the  forces  under  the  command  of  Brigadier-Gen- 
eral Charles  F.  Smith,  and  continued  to  serve  in  that  position 
until  he  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  November  14,  1861. 
He  continued  to  serve  at  Paducah  until  January,  1802,  when  he 
participated  in  the  Tennessee  campaign  and  was  engaged  in  the 
movement  against  Fort  Henry  and  the  capture  of  Forts  Heiman 
and  Donelson.  He  then  conducted  a  captured  Tennessee  regi- 
ment to  Lafayette,  Ind.,  and  rejoined  the  army  in  time  to  par- 
ticipate, although  on  sick-report,  in  the  battle  of  Shiloh,  where 
he  was  dangerously  wounded.  His  company  had  forty-two  men 
killed  and  wounded,  and  his  regiment,  with  six  hundred  men  in 
action,  had  three  hundred  and  forty-eight  killed  and  wounded, 
which  was  altogether  the  heaviest  loss  sustained  by  any  National 
regiment  on  the  field  of  Shiloh. 

He  rejoined  his  company  from  a  wounded  furlough  May  29, 
1862,  and  marched  with  the  advance  the  day  before  the  evacuation 
of  Corinth,  and,  after  returning  from  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy, 
served  near  that  place  until  July.  He  was  then  employed  at 
Burnsville  until  October  in  guarding  the  railroad,  when  he  was 
moved  to  the  railroad  bridge  three  miles  from  Corinth,  where  he 
served  on  outpost  duty  during  the  battle  of  the  3d  and  4th.  He 
was  then  stationed  at  Glendale  until  December,  when  he  rejoined 
his  regiment  at  Eienzi  and  served  near  Corinth  until  April,  1863, 
when  his  regiment  was  mounted  and  attached  to  the  Second  Di- 
vision of  the  Sixteenth  Corps,  Army  of  the  Tennessee,  and  employed 
in  making  raids  inside  of  the  enemy's  lines.  He  was  actively 
employed  in  Alabama  and  Mississippi  until  the  end  of  1863,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  action  at  Cherokee  and  Lundy's  Lane  on  the  17th  of 
April  (where  he  received  a  painful  wound),  and  in  the  combats 
and  skirmishes  at  Town  Creek,  Florence,  Hamburg,  Mud  Creek, 
Rocky  Run,  Athens,  Decatur,  Morrisville,  and  other  affairs  of 
less  importance. 

He  was  conspicuous  for  a  successful  defense  of  Athens,  Ala., 
on  the  26th  of  January,  1864,  where  the  enemy,  about  eight  hun- 
dred strong  with  two  guns,  under  General  Roddy,  attacked  him 
at  three  o'clock  a.m.  for  the  purpose  of  capturing  the  govern- 
ment stores  at  that  place  and  diverting  attention  from  a  move- 
ment having  for  its  object  the  destruction  of  a  railway  trestle 


430  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

six  miles  to  the  rear  on  the  Nashville  road.  Having  heen  warned 
of  the  contemplated  movement,  he  met  the  enemy  on  the  west 
side  of  the  town  with  about  one  hundred  men  deployed  as  skir- 
mishers, and,  although  driven  back  by  overwhelming  numbers, 
he  successfully  delayed  their  advance  and  by  excellent  manage- 
ment so  impressed  the  enemy  with  the  belief  that  they  had  unex- 
pectedly encountered  a  superior  force  that  they  abandoned  the 
enterprise  and  retreated  across  the  Tennessee  River.  General 
Roddy's  report  of  the  affair  as  published  in  a  Southern  newspaper 
said  that  after  half  an  hour's  hard  fighting  he  succeeded  in  driv- 
ing the  National  troops  from  their  encampment  to  the  east 
side  of  the  town,  when  he  was  compelled  by  the  arrival  of  re- 
inforcements to  retire,  having  suffered  a  loss  of  seventeen  men 
killed  and  wounded.  Captain  Adam  received  the  special  thanks 
of  Major-General  G.  M.  Dodge  for  his  gallant  and  valuable  ser- 
vices in  holding  the  town,  preventing  the  capture  of  the  govern- 
ment stores,  and  frustrating  the  attempt  to  destroy  the  trestle- 
work,  which,  if  it  had  been  accomplished,  would  have  seriously 
interfered  with  the  operations  of  the  National  army. 

He  was  actively  employed  during  the  spring  of  1864  upon 
raids  and  reconnaissances  on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  8th 
of  March  led  the  advance  of  his  regiment  across  the  river  and 
bivouacked  in  the  streets  of  Decatur,  and  the  next  day  engaged 
the  enemy  at  Courtland,  and  again,  on  the  10th,  at  Nancy  Creek. 
He  then  returned  to  Decatur,  Avhere  a  supply  station  wTas  estab- 
lished, and  was  employed  until  May  in  making  reconnaissances 
within  the  enemy's  lines,  and  was  engaged  at  Moulton  on  the 
26th  of  March,  and  again  at  the  same  place  on  the  29th,  where  the 
enemy  proved  too  strong  for  the  command  and  forced  him  to 
retreat  with  some  loss.  His  regiment  had  now  gained  an  enviable 
reputation  for  dash  and  audacity  in  penetrating  the  enemy's  lines, 
and  unusual  efforts  were  made,  without  success,  to  entrap  and 
capture  it. 

He  moved,  in  May,  1864,  from  Decatur  to  Chattanooga  and 
participated  in  the  Atlanta  campaign,  and  was  engaged,  on  the 
13th,  in  an  affair  (commanding)  on  the  Dalton  road,  where,  after 
a  sharp  combat,  he  defeated  the  enemy.  He  was  then  employed 
on  foraging  expeditions  until  late  in  June,  when  he  rejoined  his 
regiment  and  participated  in  the  closing  operations  at  Kenesaw 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  431 

Mountain,  and  was  engaged  with  the  enemy,  as  advance-guard,  on 
the  4th  of  July,  at  Nickajack  Creek,  and  on  the  20th  he  safely 
conducted  an  ammunition  train  from  Roswell  to  Atlanta,  although 
a  battle  was  then  in  progress  about  Decatur  and  shells  from  the 
enemy's  batteries  hit  several  of  the  leading  wagons  in  the  train. 

His  term  of  service  having  expired,  he  started  from  near 
Atlanta  on  the  28th  of  July  for  Springfield,  111.,  where  he  was 
honorably  discharged,  to  date  from  August  20,  1804.  He  then 
returned  to  his  home  at  Alton,  and,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  a 
commission,  enlisted  on  the  1st  of  September  in  the  One  Hun- 
dred and  Forty  fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  which  was  organizing 
under  special  authority  from  the  War  Department,  and  was 
appointed  a  captain,  to  date  from  September  10,  1864.  He  was 
then  stationed  at  Alton  on  prison-guard  duty  until  January,  1865, 
when  he  was  transferred,  with  four  companies,  to  St.  Louis, 
where  he  served  on  provost-guard  duty  (promoted  a  major  March 
18,  1865)  until  July,  when  his  regiment  was  concentrated  at 
Springfield,  where  he  was  again  honorably  discharged,  to  date  from 
July  14,  1865. 

He  returned  to  Alton  and  engaged  in  civil  pursuits  until 
January,  1867,  when,  having  accepted  an  appointment  as  a  first 
lieutenant  in  the  Thirty- ninth  Infantry,  to  date  from  July  28,  1866, 
he  reported  for  duty  in  the  Department  of  Louisiana  and  served 
near  New  Orleans,  at  Ship  Island,  and  Fort  St.  Philip  until  April 
20,  1869,  and  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  May  31,  1867. 
When  his  regiment  was  consolidated  with  the  Fortieth  Infantry 
(present  Twenty-fifth  Infantry)  he  was  placed  on  the  list  of  unas- 
signed  officers  and  served  on  reconstruction  duty  in  Virginia  and 
Mississippi,  and  on  recruiting  service  at  St.  Louis,  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, and  Madison,  Wis.,  until  December  15,  1870,  when  he  was 
assigned,  with  his  original  rauk,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  joined 
his  company  at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  in  February,  1871,  where  he 
served  until  November,  when  he  changed  station  to  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,  Wyo.,  and  on  the  12th  of  December  he  accompanied  the 
second  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco 
and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Mc- 
Dowell in  January,  1872,  where  he  served  until  June,  when  he 
entered  upon  a  tour  of  lield-service  which  continued  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1873,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  combat  at  Muchos 


432  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Canons  and  in  the  affairs  on  the  Santa  Maria  and  Sycamore  Creek  ; 
in  Hell  Canon  and  the  Red  Eock  country,  and  on  Pinto  Creek. 
He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  bre- 
vet major,  to  date  from  September  25,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  the  engagement  at  Muchos  Canons.  He  had  stations  at  Camps 
Grant,  McDowell,  and  Apache,  the  San  Carlos  Agency,  and  Camp 
Lowell  until  May,  1875,  when  he  marched  with  the  headquarters 
of  the  regiment  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  thence  to  Camp  Supply, 
I.  T .,  where  he  arrived  in  July  and  served  until  October.  He  then 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  rejoined  his  company  at 
Camp  Supply  in  April,  1876,  where  he  served  until  July,  when  he 
proceeded  to  Fort  Laramie  and  participated  in  the  campaigns 
against  the  hostile  Sioux  in  the  Black  Hills  of  Wyoming  and  in 
the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  He  was  assigned,  upon  the  dis- 
bandment  of  the  expedition  in  October,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb., 
where  he  served  until  July,  1877,  when  he  was  dispatched  to 
Chicago  for  duty  during  the  railroad  riots  in  that  city.  He  com- 
manded a  battalion  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  the  Wind  Eiver  expe- 
dition against  the  Nez  Perces  during  September  and  October,  1877. 
He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station 
until  October,  1879,  when  he  conducted  seven  companies,  by  the 
way  of  Kock  Creek,  to  Eawlins,  Wyo.,  where  he  joined  the  reserve 
of  the  Ute  expedition  and  served  at  that  place  until  the  29th  of 
November.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell,  and 
soon  thereafter  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  May, 
1880,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where 
he  had  station  until  March,  1882,  when  he  proceeded  to  Omaha,  in 
command  of  three  companies,  to  assist  in  maintaining  order  during 
the  labor  riots  in  that  city.  Upon  the  completion  of  this  duty  he 
returned  to  Fort  Sidney,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  a  company 
commander. 


47.  John  M.  Hamilton  was  born  in  Ontario,  Canada.  He  was 
engaged  in  business  pursuits  in  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  at  the  beginning 
of  the  war  of  the  Eebellion,  and  enlisted  in  the  Thirty- third  New 
York  Volunteers  on  the  1st  of  May,  1861,  and  in  September  was 
appointed  a  corporal  and  assigned  to  the  color-guard,  and  served 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS.  433 

in  that  position  until  he  was  discharged.  His  regiment  formed  a 
part  of  the  Third  Brigade  of  the  Second  Division,  Fourth  Army 
Corps,  until  May,  1862,  when  it  was  transferred  to  the  Sixth  Army 
Corps,  and  served  with  that  corps  until  it  was  mustered  out  of 
service. 

He  served  in  the  defenses  of  "Washington  during  the  winter 
of  1861-62  ;  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular, 
Maryland,  and  Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
siege  of  Yorktown,  the  skirmish  near  Lee's  Mill,  the  battles  of 
Williamsburg  and  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmishes  at  Savage  Station 
and  in  the  "White  Oak  Swamp,  the  closing  operations  of  the 
second  battle  of  Bull  Run,  and  the  battles  of  South  Mountain, 
Antietam,  and  Fredericksburg.  He  served  during  the  winter  of 
1862-63  near  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  and  was  engaged  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Marye's  Heights  (second  Fredericksburg),  where  he  was 
wounded  on  the  3d  of  May,  1863. 

He  then  returned  to  Geneva,  where  he  was  honorably  discharged, 
to  date  from  June  2,  1863,  and  engaged  in  civil  pursuits  until  he 
was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Ninth  United  States 
Colored  Troops,  to  date  from  December  24,  1863.  He  joined  his 
regiment  in  Maryland  and  marched  thence  to  South  Carolina,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  actions  on  John's  Island,  July  6-9,  1864.  His 
regiment  was  then  attached  to  the  Army  of  the  James  and  he  was 
engaged  in  the  combats  at  Deep  Bottom  and  Flusser's  Mill,  Va., 
14th-18th  of  August,  and  commanded  a  company  in  the  charge, 
made  by  his  regiment,  against  Fort  Gilmer,  Va.,  on  the  29th  of 
September,  where  he  lost  about  a  fourth  of  the  company  in  killed 
and  wounded.  He  served  during  the  winter  of  1864-65  on  the 
Petersburg  line  of  operations,  and  was  employed  on  staff  duty 
as  property  quartermaster  of  the  Twenty-fifth  Army  Corps,  as 
provost-marshal  of  Russell's  brigade  of  the  corps,  and  subsequently 
as  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Charles  S.  Rus- 
sell, commanding  the  brigade. 

He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  15,  1865,  and,  soon 
after  the  surrender  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  was  trans- 
ferred to  Texas,  where  he  served  as  an  aide-de-camp  and  acting 
assistant  inspector-general  on  a  brigade  staff  of  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Army  Corps,  and  afterwards,  for  seven  months,  as  prop- 
erty ordnance  officer,  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-General  Getty,  at 


434  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Brownsville,  where  he  was  conspicuous  for  efficiency  in  securing 
and  preserving  the  large  quantity  of  government  stores  which  had 
accumulated  at  that  place.  He  was  relieved  from  that  duty  in 
the  fall  of  1866  and  ordered  to  join  his  regiment,  then  en  route  to 
Baltimore  for  muster-out  of  service  ;  but  upon  arrival  at  New 
Orleans  he  was  retained  in  service,  by  order  of  Major-General 
Sheridan,  and  assigned  to  duty  in  connection  with  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  Ninth  Cavalry.  He  organized  several  companies  at 
New  Orleans,  and  then  conducted  a  squadron  to  Brownsville, 
Texas,  the  other  five  squadrons  having  stations  at  San  Antonio. 
He  continued  to  serve  at  Brownsville  until  he  was  appointed,  from 
New  York,  a  captain  in  the  Thirty-ninth  Infantry,  to  date  from 
June  6,  1867,  and  was  highly  commended  for  energy,  capacity,  and 
zealous  discharge  of  important  duties  while  serving  with  the  Ninth 
Cavalry. 

He  then  proceeded  to  Louisville,  where  he  was  honorably  dis- 
charged from  volunteer  service  ou  the  20th  of  June,  1867,  and 
accepted  his  commission  in  the  Thirty-ninth  Infantry.  He  was 
made  a  brevet  captain  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Ee- 
bellion. 

He  reported  for  duty  in  the  Department  of  Louisiana  in  Oc- 
tober, and  served  at  Greenville  Barracks,  Fort  Pike,  and  Baton 
Rouge  until  April  20,  1869,  when  his  regiment  was  consolidated 
with  the  Fortieth  Infantry  (present  Twenty-fifth  Infantry),  and  he 
was  placed  on  the  list  of  unassigned  officers  and  served  on  recon- 
struction duty  in  Virginia,  having  charge  of  Shenandoah  and  War- 
ren counties,  until  August,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Mis- 
sissippi and  commanded  the  post  of  Corinth  and  had  charge  of 
Tishomingo  County  until  the  work  of  reconstruction  was  completed. 
He  was  then  employed  on  recruiting  service  at  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  until  December  15,  1870,  when  he  was  assigned,  with  his 
original  rank,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  December  30, 

1870.  He  joined  his  company  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  July, 

1871,  where  he  had  station  until  November,  when  he  accompanied 
the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco 
and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Cam})  Mc- 
Dowell in  January,  1872,  where  he  served  until  January,  1873. 
He  participated  in  the  winter  campaign  of  1873  against  the  Apache 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  435 

Indians  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  on  Pinto  Creek.  He  was 
then  assigned  to  Camp  Lowell,  where  he  had  station  until  October, 
1874,  and  was  employed  on  escort  duty  to  Fort  Yuma  in  May  and 
June,  1873,  and  on  field-service  in  July  and  August,  1873.  He 
was  actively  employed  during  the  spring  of  1874  in  a  campaign 
against  the  San  Carlos  Apache  Indians,  and  commanded  a  detach- 
ment of  the  regiment  in  the  affairs  (five)  in  the  Santa  Teresa 
Mountains  and  near  old  Camp  Pinal,  the  combats  (two)  in  the 
Pinal  Mountains,  and  in  the  affairs  north  of  the  San  Carlos 
Agency  and  on  the  south  side  of  Salt  River  near  the  Big  Canon. 
He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a 
brevet  major,  to  date  from  April  9,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in 
the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians ;  and  a 
brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  April  17,  1874,  for  gallant 
conduct  in  the  campaign  against  the  San  Carlos  Apaches. 

He  changed  station,  in  October,  1874,  to  the  San  Carlos  Agency, 
where  he  served  until  the  25th  of  November,  when  he  conducted 
a  party  of  military  prisoners  to  Alcatraz  Island,  Cal.,  and  then 
availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  June,  1875,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  temporary  duty  at  Fort  Eiley,  Kan.,  and  employed  in 
issuing  supplies  to  destitute  citizens  until  July,  when  he  proceeded 
to  Fort  Wallace,  Kan.,  and  rejoined  his  company.  He  served  at 
that  station,  having  occasional  tours  of  field-service  and  com- 
manding in  the  combat  at  Canon  Creek,  Kan.,  October  27,  1875, 
until  July,  1876,  when  he  moved  by  rail  to  Cheyenne,  whence  he 
marched  to  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  and  had  station  during  the  sum- 
mer and  fall  months,  and  participated,  on  the  23d  of  October,  in 
the  capture  of  a  Sioux  village  at  Chadron  Creek,  Neb.  He  served 
with  the  Powder  River  expedition  during  the  fall  and  winter  of 
1876,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bates  Creek  (north 
branch  of  Powder  River,  Wyo.)  Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  ex- 
pedition he  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he 
arrived  in  January,  1877,  and  had  station  until  June,  1878,  and 
was  employed  on  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming  during  the 
summer  of  1877,  and  commanded  a  battalion  (five  companies)  of 
the  regiment  from  May  to  July.  He  was  employed  during  the 
summer  of  1878  on  field-service  (commanding  a  squadron)  near 
the  Ross  Fork  (Idaho)  Indian  Agency,  and  in  November  was  as- 
signed to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where  he  had  station  (served  as 


436  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

a  member  of  a  board  of  officers,  in  January  and  February,  1879, 
at  Fort  Robinson,  to  inquire  into  the  cause  of  the  outbreak  of 
Cheyenne  prisoners  who  had  been  confined  at  that  post)  until 
March,  1879,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until 
October.  He  then  rejoined  his  company  on  White  River,  Col., 
and  served  with  the  Ute  expedition  until  January,  1880,  when 
he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  August,  1880. 
He  then  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Robinson,  where  he  has 
since  served  as  a  company,  and  at  times  as  a  post,  commander. 


48.  Sakford  C.  Kellogg  was  born  at  Troy,  New  York.  He 
enlisted,  on  the  29th  of  May,  1862,  in  the  Thirty-seventh  New 
York  National  Guards,  and  served  as  a  private  until  September  2, 
1862,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service.  His 
regiment  was  stationed  at  Baltimore  for  the  protection  of  the  city 
against  a  threatened  invasion  of  Maryland,  but  had  no  field-service 
against  the  enemy. 

He  was  appointed,  March  11,  1863,  an  aide-de-camp  of  vol- 
unteers with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  assigned  to  the  staff  of 
Major-General  George  H.  Thomas,  commanding  the  Fourteenth 
Corps,  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  reported  for  duty  at  Mur- 
freesboro  in  April,  1863,  and  served  continuously  as  an  aide-de- 
camp until  the  death  of  General  Thomas  at  San  Francisco,  Cal., 
on  the  28th  of  March,  1870,  having  meantime  been  appointed, 
from  New  York,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Eighteenth  Infantry, 
to  date  from  February  23,  1866.  He  was  promoted,  in  that  regi- 
ment, a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  May  15,  1866,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  of  volunteer  service  to  date  from  July  10,  1866. 

He  was  present  at  every  battle  in  which  General  Thomas  was 
eno-ao-ed  from  April,  1863,  to  the  end  of  the  war  of  the  Rebel- 
lion amon^  which  maybe  named  Hoover's  Gap  ;  the  battles  around 
Chattanooga,  including  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  and  Look- 
out Mountain  ;  Buzzard  Roost,  Resaca,  Adairsville,  Cassville,  New 
Hope  Church,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  Peach  Tree  Creek,  and  the 
battles  about  Atlanta  during  August,  1864,  ending  with  the  battle 
of  Jonesboro  and  the  occupation  of  Atlanta  ;  the  battle  of  Nash- 
ville and  the  pursuit  of  General  Hood's  army  into  Alabama. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  437 

He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  and 
a  brevet  colonel  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  June  3,  1865,  for 
faithful  services  and  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  Atlanta  campaign  and  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  and  the 
following  brevets  in  the  regular  army  were  afterwards  conferred 
upon  him,  to  date  from  March  2,  1867:  a  brevet  captain  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga;  a 
brevet  major  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of 
Atlanta;  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  for  gallant  and  meritori- 
ous services  at  the  battle  of  Nashville.  He  was  also  commended 
by  General  Thomas,  in  an  official  report  of  January  20,  1865,  to 
favorable  consideration  for  important  services  after  the  Atlanta 
campaign  and  during  the  operations  at  Nashville. 

Upon  the  reduction  of  the  army  he  was  placed  on  the  list  of 
unassigned  officers,  to  date  from  April  26,  1869,  and  so  continued 
until  December  15,  1870,  when  he  was  assigned,  with  his  original 
rank,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry.  He  served  as  acting  judge-advocate 
of  the  Department  of  the  Lakes  and  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier- 
General  Cooke  from  June  1,  1870,  to  February  1,  1871,  when  he 
proceeded  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where  he  joined  the  regiment 
on  the  6th  of  February.  He  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from 
January  11,  1871,  and  continued  to  serve  at  that  station,  having 
occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  the  27th  of  November,  1871, 
when  he  moved  with  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the 
way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona, 
and  while  en  route  was  ordered,  on  the  3d  of  December,  to  report 
at  the  headquarters  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  where 
he  served  on  the  staff  of  Lieutenant-General  Sheridan  until 
February  3,  1873,  during  which  period  he  had  station  at  Chicago 
and  participated  in  a  reconnaissance  of  the  Yellowstone  River  to 
the  mouth  of  Powder  River,  and  was  engaged  in  several  skirmishes 
with  hostile  Sioux  during  the  movement. 

He  rejoined  his  company  in  Arizona  in  April,  1873,  and  served 
at  San  Carlos  Agency,  Camps  Grant  and  Apache,  with  occasional 
tours  of  field-service,  until  May,  1874.  He  then  availed  himself 
of  a  leave  of  absence  until  November,  when  he  rejoined  at  Camp 
Apache,  where  he  had  station  until  July,  1875.  He  then  marched 
to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  proceeded  thence  by  rail  to  Fort  Gibson, 
I.  T.,  where  he  arrived  in  September,  and  served  until  June,  1876, 


438  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

when  he  moved  by  rail  to  Cheyenne  and  participated  in  the  cam- 
paigns against  the  hostile  Sioux  in  the  Black  Hills  of  Wyoming, 
and  in  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  affair  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  and  in  the  skir- 
mishes at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  in  October  he  was 
assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until 
April,  1880,  and  was  employed  on  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming 
during  the  summer  of  1877  ;  in  the  capture  of  disaffected  In- 
dians at  Ross  Fork  (Idaho)  Agency  in  January,  1878  ;  on  field- 
service  in  Idaho  during  the  fall  aud  summer  of  1878  ;  on  leave 
of  absence  during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1879,  and  in  the  Ute 
expedition  during  the  fall  and  winter  of  1879,  and  was  engaged  in 
raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  and  during  the 
return  march  from  White  River  had  his  right  hand  so  severely 
frozen  that  he  was  compelled  to  submit  to  an  amputation  of  two 
fingers.  He  changed  station,  in  April,  1880,  to  Fort  Lamarie, 
where  he  served  until  July  10,  1881,  when  he  was  ordered  with 
his  company  to  Tongue  River,  Mon.,  there  to  await  the  arrival  of 
the  lieutenant-general  of  the  army  for  escort  duty  to  the  Yellow- 
stone Park.  He  returned  from  that  duty  to  Fort  Laramie  Sep- 
tember 27,  1881,  where  he  had  station  until  June,  1882,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  where  he  has  since 
served  as  a  company,  and  at  times  as  a  post,  commander. 


49.  James  Burks  was  born  in  Ireland  about  1836  and  emi- 
grated at  an  early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  enlisted  in  the 
mounted  service  in  1858  and  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  and  served  in  Texas  as  a  private  (engaged  in  the 
brilliant  action  at  Small  Creek,  near  the  Nescutunga,  May  13, 
1859)  until  the  State  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents,  when  he 
proceeded  with  his  company,  by  the  way  of  Indianola  and  New 
York,  to  Washington,  where  he  arrived  in  April,  1861,  and  served 
in  the  defenses  of  the  city  and  in  field  operations  in  Virginia  and 
Maryland  until  March,  1862.  He  then  participated  as  a  private 
in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and  Rappahan- 
nock campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the 
battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  439 

enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Han- 
over Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the  action 
at  Old  Church,  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmish  at  Savage 
Station,  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill ;  with  the  regiment  as  a  part 
of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacua- 
tion of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antie- 
tam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  the  engagement  near,  and 
reconnaissance  to,  Halltown,  the  skirmish  near  Union,  the  action 
near  Piedmont,  the  skirmish  at  Upperville,' the  action  at  Mark- 
ham's  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  the  action 
at  Amissville,  and  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  He  was  ap- 
pointed regimental  commissary-sergeant  December  1,  1862,  and 
served  in  that  grade  until  July  28,  1863,  when  he  was  honorably 
discharged  from  the  regular  service.  He  participated  during 
this  period  in  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth,  in  General 
Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April-May,  1863,  the  battle 
of  Beverly  Ford,  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at  Middle- 
town  and  Snicker's  Gap,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  actions 
at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the 
engagement  of  Manassas  Gap,  and  the  skirmish  near  Front  Royal. 
He  was  then  employed  as  chief  clerk  for  the  commissary  of  the 
Reserve  Cavalry  Brigade  until  he  decided  to  re-enlist  in  the  regi- 
ment, when  he  proceeded  to  New  York,  where  the  provost-marshals 
had  authority  to  enlist  men  for  the  regular  regiments.  But  when 
enlisted  he  was  assigned  by  error  to  the  Fifth  New  York  Artillery 
and  sent  to  City  Point,  where,  through  the  efforts  of  Captain 
Mason,  he  was  transferred  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  and  appointed  a 
first  sergeant,  and  served  in  that  position  until  August  11,  1865, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Morton's  Ford,  the  combat  at 
Bristoe  Station,  the  Mine  Run  operations,  the  actions  near  Bar- 
net  t's  Ford  on  the  Rapidan,  at  Charlottesville  and  Stanardsville, 
and  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford.  He  served  with  his  company 
on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant  from  March,  1864,  to  the  end 
of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  participated  in  all  the  general 
engagements  about  Richmond  and  in  front  of  Petersburg  and  in 
the  closing  Richmond  campaign  of  1865.  He  also  participated  in 
raids  on  the  Petersburg  and  Weldon  Railroad  in  August,  1864,  and 
through  Surry  County,  between  the  Blackwater  and  James  River, 
Va.,  in  October,  1864. 


440  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

He  was  discharged  from  his  enlistment  on  the  11th  of  August, 
1865,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  August  9,  1865.  He  was  promoted,  in  the 
regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  July  28,  1866,  and  a  captain  March  1, 
1872.  He  joined  his  company  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  served 
on  escort  duty  with  Generals  Grant  and  Sherman  until  September, 
1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Virginia  for  duty  with  the  Com- 
missioner of  Internal  Revenue,  where  he  served  until  March,  18T0, 
and  had  two  skirmishes  with  illicit  distillers  at  "Walnut  Hill,  Lee 
County,  in  December,  1869.  He  rejoined  his  company  at  Omahu, 
Neb.,  in  April,  1870,  and  served  at  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell,  Chug 
Water,  and  Hillsdale,  Wyo.,  and  at  Pine  Bluff  and  Fort  Sidney, 
Neb.,  until  the  28th  of  November,  1871,  when  he  proceeded  (com- 
manding company)  with  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by 
the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona, 
and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in  January,  1872,  and  served  at 
that  station,  Camp  Date  Creek,  and  Fort  Whipple  during  his  tour 
in  the  Territory.  He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaigns  of 
1872-73-74,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  north  of  the  Four 
Peaks,  the  action  at  the  Caves  in  Salt  River  Caiion,  in  successfully 
disarming  the  disaffected  Apache- Yuma  Indians  at  Camp  Date 
Creek,  the  affairs  at  Castle  Dome  Mountain,  and  south  of  Ehren- 
berg  near  the  Colorado  River.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the 
United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  December 
28,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  engagement  with  Tonto-Apache 
Indians  at  the  Caves ;  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from 
July  15,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  closing  campaign  against 
the  Apache-Mojave  Indians ;  and  a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from 
December  7,  1873,  for  distinguished  services  in  the  campaign 
against  the  Apache-Mojave  Indians  in  Arizona. 

The  hardships  of  the  campaigns  in  which  he  won  such  distin- 
guished honors  proved  fatal  to  his  health  and  he  was  compelled  to 
seek  relief  in  a  change  of  climate.  He  proceeded  to  San  Francisco 
in  February,  1874,  where  he  remained  for  some  months,  when  he 
returned  to  Fort  Whipple  with  bright  hopes  for  the  future  ;  but  on 
the  16th  of  June  he  was  again  prostrated  on  a  bed  of  sickness,  and 
after  a  period  of  intense  suffering  he  started  overland  for  the 
Department  of  the  Missouri,  and  died  of  hemorrhage  of  the  lungs 
on  the  15th  of  August,  1874,  at  Carezo  Creek,  about  one  hundred 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  441 

and  seventy-five  miles  west  of  Fort  Wingate,  N.  M.  His  remains 
are  interred  in  the  national  cemetery  near  that  post.  His  death 
was  hastened  by  the  zeal  and  energy  of  his  operations  during  the 
Apache  campaign  of  1872-73.  He  never  seemed  to  care  for  the 
exposures  and  hardships  of  field-service,  but  was  always  ready 
and  more  than  willing  to  ride  at  the  head  of  his  command  and 
win  honor  for  himself  and  credit  for  the  regiment  to  which  he 
belonged. 


50.  Geoege  F.  Price  was  born  in  New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  and 
removed  at  an  early  age  to  California,  where  he  was  engaged  in 
business  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Kebellion. 
He  at  once  offered  his  services  to  the  government,  and  was 
appointed  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Second  California  Cavalry 
September  3,  1861,  and  was  promoted  a  captain  November 
14,  1861.  He  served  at  Camp  Alert,  near  San  Francisco,  from 
September,  1861,  to  May,  1862,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Nevada,  and  commanded  an  expedition  which  was  dispatched  to 
Truckee  Kiver  to  effect  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  Piute  Indians. 
Upon  the  successful  completion  of  this  duty  he  made  an  extended 
reconnaissance  of  the  east  side  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  from  Smoke 
Creek  to  Adobe  Meadows,  and  received  the  thanks  and  congratu- 
lations of  the  department  commander.  He  Avas  then  assigned 
to  Fort  Churchill,  Nev.,  where  he  served  until  August,  when  he 
marched  with  the  Utah  expedition  to  Euby  Valley,  whence  he  was 
dispatched  to  Carson  City  to  superintend  the  forwarding  of  army 
supplies  from  that  place  to  Salt  Lake  City.  Upon  the  completion 
of  this  duty  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Douglas,  Utah, 
where  he  had  station  until  May,  1863.  He  participated  in  a 
campaign  against  the  Shoshone  Indians  in  January,  1863,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bear  River  and  in  the  combats 
(three)  at  Cedar  Fort  and  Spanish  Fork  Canon,  and  was  commended 
in  orders  and  reports  for  the  courage  and  determination  which  he 
displayed  during  the  action  at  Bear  River,  and  for  conspicuous 
gallantry  in  the  combats  at  Spanish  Fork  Canon. 

He  was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  Fort  Bridger,  and 
participated,  in  July,  1863,  in  the  capture  of  Mopocha's  band  of 
Shoshones  on  the  west  side  of  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  which 


442  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

event  marks  the  end  of  hostilities  with  that  tribe ;  and  upon  the 
termination  of  his  duties  at  Fort  Bridger  he  was  complimented  by 
the  general  commanding  for  the  ability  which  he  displayed  in 
exercising  his  command  and  in  dealing  with  the  overland  travel 
that  passed  his  post  during  the  summer.  He  was  employed  dur- 
ing the  summer  of  1864  in  making  a  wagon  road  reconnaissance 
from  Salt  Lake  City  to  El  Dorado  Canon  on  the  Colorado  River. 
During  this  movement  he  erected  a  monument  over  the  grave  of 
the  victims  of  the  Mountain  Meadow  massacre  of  1857.  His  com- 
mand suffered  many  privations  for  four  months  in  that  desert 
country,  but  he  made  a  successful  reconnaissance  and  gained 
much  valuable  information  from  that  heretofore  comparatively 
unknown  region. 

He  served  at  Rush  Valley  and  Fort  Bridger  from  September, 
1864,  to  March,  1865,  when  he  was  appointed  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  and  acting  assistant  inspector-general  of  the 
District  of  the  Plains,  which  embraced  Nebraska,  Utah,  Wyoming, 
and  parts  of  Colorado  and  Kausas,  including  Denver  and  Fort 
Leaven  worth,  and  was  in  supervisory  charge  of  the  district  during 
the  absence  of  the  general  commanding  on  the  Powder  River 
expedition,  and  was  commended  as  having  occupied  the  position 
with  ability  and  to  the  entire  satisfaction  of  the  general  com- 
manding the  Division  of  the  Missouri.  He  also  served  as  acting 
assistant  adjutant- general  of  the  District  of  Nebraska  during 
October  and  November,  1865,  and  as  an  aide-de-camp  and  acting 
assistant  adjutant-general  for  the  general  commanding  the  District 
of  Utah  from  the  14th  of  January  to  the  30th  of  April,  1866,  and 
was  recommended  for  brevet  commissions  for  gallantry  in  the 
action  at  Bear  River  and  the  combats  at  Cedar  Fort  and  in 
Spanish  Fork  Canon  ;  but  the  recommendation  was  not  favorably 
considered  because  the  services  were  rendered  in  the  Indian 
country  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  received,  however, 
in  recognition  of  his  services,  in  connection  with  other  officers 
serving  in  Utah,  a  joint  resolution  of  thanks  of  the  Legislature 
of  California ;  was  elected  an  honorary  member  of  the  Siskiyou 
(Cal.)  Light  Guards,  and  was  appointed,  from  California,  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  February  23, 
1866,  which  was  the  first  appointment  made  to  the  regular  army 
from  the  volunteer  forces  which  had  served  on  the  Pacific  coast 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  443 

during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  continued  to  serve  in 
volunteer  commission  until  July  9,  1866,  when  he  was  honorably 
discharged  at  Fort  Leavenworth. 

He  then  proceeded  to  Washington,  and,  having  reported  at 
the  headquarters  of  the  regiment,  was  assigned  to  Nashville,  Tenn., 
where  he  arrived  in  September,  and  commanded  a  company  until 
he  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  31,  1866. 
He  had  a  skirmish  with  guerrillas  near  Hartsville,  Tenn.,  on  the 
17th  of  October,  1866,  when  in  pursuit  of  a  party  charged  with 
robbing  a  pay-car  of  the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad.  He 
served  as  post-adjutant,  and  judge-advocate  of  a  general  court-mar- 
tial, at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  from  November,  1866,  to  June,  1867, when  he 
was  transferred  to  Kingston,  and  thence  to  Morganton  and  Asheville. 
He  served  as  quartermaster  and  commissary  at  Asheville,  organized 
the  registration  boards  in  the  counties  of  Western  North  Carolina, 
and  was  judge-advocate  of  a  military  commission  at  Salisbury. 
His  most  important  service  during  the  reconstruction  period  was 
the  preparation  of  a  report  upon  the  operations  of  a  scaling  law 
Avhich  had  been  enacted  by  the  legislature  of  North  Carolina  to 
govern  the  settlement,  in  gold  coin  or  its  equivalent,  of  private 
debts  contracted  in  Confederate  currency  during  the  rebellion 
against  the  United  States,  and  the  principles  announced  in  that 
report  were  subsequently  adopted  in  general  orders  from  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Second  Military  District  as  the  rule  to  govern  the 
civil  courts  in  the  Carolinas. 

He  was  assigned,  in  February,  1868,  to  the  staff  of  Brigadier- 
General  E.  R.  S.  Canby  as  assistant  to  the  judge-advocate  of  the 
Second  Military  District,  and  served  in  that  position  until  the  civil 
governments  of  the  Carolinas  were  established  in  accordance  with  the 
requirements  of  the  acts  of  Congress.  During  this  period  he  was 
also  employed  as  judge-advocate  of  military  commissions  at  Camden 
and  Columbia,  and  as  military  commissioner  for  the  counties  of 
Polk  and  Rutherford  in  North  Carolina  during  the  spring  elections 
of  1868 ;  and  when  the  work  of  reconstruction  was  completed  he 
was  charged  with  the  duty  of  transferring  all  unfinished  civil  cases 
in  the  office  of  the  judge-advocate  of  the  District  to  the  attorney- 
general  of  the  State  in  which  they  had  originated. 

He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  January, 
1869,  when  he  reported  at  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  and  commanded  a 


444  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

detachment  of  recruits  at  that  station  and  in  the  field  until  April. 
He  then  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  marched 
with  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  across  the  country  to  Fort  Mc- 
Pherson,  Neb.,  and  was  engaged  en  route  in  combats  with  hos- 
tile Sioux  and  Cheyennes  at  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks.  He  par- 
ticipated in  the  operations  of  the  Republican  River  expedition  from 
June  to  November,  1869  (commanded  a  company  until  the  19th 
of  July,  and  thereafter  served  as  adjutant  of  the  expedition),  and 
was  engaged  in  the  affairs  near  Spring  Creek,  in  the  sand-hills 
near  Frenchman's  Fork,  at  Rock  Creek,  in  the  brilliant  action  at 
Summit  Springs  (recommended  for  the  brevet  of  captain  for  gal- 
lantry), in  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  the  Nio- 
brara pursuit,  and  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  where  he  won 
a  special  mention  in  the  official  report  "as  meriting  the  highest 
praise  for  dash  and  gallantry,"  and  also  for  having,  in  connection 
with  Lieutenant  Volkmar,  Fifth  Cavalry,  "undoubtedly  saved  the 
lives  of  Major  Frank  North  (commanding  the  Pawnee  scouts)  and 
the  guide,  William  Cody." 

He  served  as  adjutant  of  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  en  route 
from  Fort  McPherson  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  during  Novem- 
ber, 1869,  and  was  battalion  adjutant  for  seven  companies  at  Fort 
D.  A.  Russell  from  April,  1870,  to  December,  1871,  when  he  was 
detached  from  the  regiment,  then  under  orders  for  Arizona,  and 
continued  on  duty  at  that  station,  with  a  detachment  of  men  and 
horses  awaiting  the  arrival  of  the  Third  Cavalry  from  Arizona, 
until  March,  1872,  when  he  proceeded,  by  the  way  of  San  Fran- 
cisco and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp 
McDowell  in  June.  He  was  appointed  regimental  quartermaster, 
to  date  from  May  1,  1872,  and  served  at  that  station,  in  charge  of 
construction  of  public  buildings,  until  October,  when,  having  been 
promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  August  29,  1872,  he  joined  his 
company  at  Camp  Date  Creek,  where  he  served  until  December, 
when  he  participated  in  the  Apache  campaign  of  1872-73,  during 
which  his  command  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  (two)  in  Baby 
Cafion  ;  at  Indian  Run  ;  in  Red  Rock  Canon  ;  on  Turkey  Creek  ; 
north  of  Baby  Cafion,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Baby  Cafion.  He 
then  operated  from  Camp  Verde,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Rio 
Verde,  by  the  way  of  Tonto  Basin,  on  the  east  side  of  the  Mazatzal 
and  Salt  River  Mountains  and  the  north-east  side  of  the  Pinal 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  445 

Mountains,  to  Camp  Grant,  having  a  combat  en  route  on  the  east 
branch  of  the  Rio  Verde.  He  returned  to  Camp  Date  Creek  in 
March,  1873,  and  commanded  the  station  until  May.  He  was 
twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  major, 
to  date  from  January  1,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  Tonto 
Basin. 

When  in  command  of  Camp  Date  Creek  he  was  charged  with 
making  the  necessary  arrangements  for  the  removal  of  the  Apache- 
Yuma  Indians  to  the  Verde  Reservation,  and  upon  the  completion 
of  the  duty  received  the  thanks  of  the  department  commander 
for  the  successful  manner  in  which  the  movement  was  begun,  and 
for  the  judicious  execution  of  his  instructions. 

He  commanded  Camp  McDowell  from  the  27th  of  May  to  the 
19th  of  June,  1873,  when  he  was  selected  to  take  charge  of  the 
reconnaissance  and  construction  of  the  military  telegraph  line  from 
San  Diego  to  Prescott  and  Tucson,  and  was  employed  upon  that 
duty  until  December,  when  the  entire  line  was  completed.  He 
was  then  ordered  to  San  Francisco  to  superintend  the  prepara- 
tion of  the  cartography  pertaining  thereto,  and  upon  the  comple- 
tion of  the  duty  in  April,  1874,  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  April,  1875,  when  he  returned  to  San  Francisco,  and  pro- 
ceeded thence,  by  the  way  of  San  Diego,  Tucson,  and  Fort  Bayard, 
to  Fort  Cummings,  IS".  M.,  where  he  joined  the  headquarters  of 
the  regiment  and  marched  up  the  Rio  Grande  to  Santa  Fe,  where  he 
rejoined  his  company  on  the  8th  of  June,  and  marched  thence,  by 
the  way  of  Fort  Union,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  moved  thence  by 
rail  to  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  29th  of  June,  and 
had  station,  Avith  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  the  17th  of 
July,  1876,  when  he  moved  by  rail  to  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  and  while 
marching  thence  to  Fort  Laramie  was  intercepted  at  Chug  A\  ater 
by  a  dispatch  which  directed  him  to  join  the  regiment  in  the  field. 
He  made  forced  marches  and  joined  on  the  north  branch  of  the 
North  Cheyenne  River,  and  participated  in  the  Big  Horn  and 
Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Slim 
Buttes,  Dak.  Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  in  Octo- 
ber at  Fort  Robinson  lie  was  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson,  where 
he  had  station  until  July,  1877,  and  was  detached  from  December 
21,  1876,  to  January  13,  1877,  on  escort  duty  (commanding)  with 
two  and  a  half  million  dollars,  government  funds,  in  transit  from 


446  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Omaha  to  San  Francisco,  and  returned  to  Omaha  with  four  mil- 
lion dollars  in  gold  coin.  He  served  at  Omaha  during  the  railroad 
riots  of  July,  1877  ;  participated  in  the  operations  of  the  Wind 
River  expedition  against  the  Nez  Perces  during  September  and 
October,  1877,  and  upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  was 
assigned  to  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  until  January, 
1878,  when  he  was  assigned  to  general  court-martial  service  at 
Forts  Fetterman  and  D.  A.  Russell  until  March,  when  he  availed 
himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  and  visited  Europe.  He  returned  to 
the  United  States  in  September,  and  rejoined  his  company  at 
Fort  McKinney  in  October,  1878,  where  he  had  station  until 
October,  1879,  when  he  marched  to  Rock  Creek,  and  moved 
thence  by  rail  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  and  joined  the  reserve  of  the 
TJte  expedition,  and  served  at  that  place  (escorted  Paymaster 
Stanton  to  White  River)  until  the  29th  of  November,  when  he 
was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  served  until  April 
27,  1880.  He  then  marched  to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb,,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  1st  of  May,  and  had  station  until  March,  1882, 
having  tours  of  detached  service  as  judge-advocate  at  Salt  Lake 
City  in  November,  1880,  and  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  in  April,  1881  ; 
conducting  a  detachment  of  recruits  to  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  in 
September,  1881  ;  on  duty  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Military 
Division  of  the  Pacific  from  the  14th  of  September  to  the  7th  of 
December,  1881,  purchasing  cavalry  horses  ;  and  as  judge-advocate 
at  Rock  Creek,  Wyo.,  in  February,  1882.  He  availed  himself  of 
a  leave  of  absence  from  March  to  September,  1882,  when  he  joined 
the  regimental  headquarters  at  Fort  Sidney  and  was  selected  for 
a  tour  of  recruiting  service.  He  reported  at  Jefferson  Barracks 
on  the  1st  of  October,  1882,  and  was  assigned  to  New  York  City, 
where  he  is  now  serving. 


51.  Edward  M.  Hates  was  born  in  New  York.  He  enlisted, 
in  August,  1855,  as  a  musician  in  the  mounted  service,  and  was 
stationed  at  Carlisle  and  Jefferson  Barracks  until  December,  3856, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  and  joined 
his  company  at  Camp  Cooper,  Tex.,  in  February,  1857,  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  combat  at  the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos  River, 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  447 

the  brilliant  actions  at  Wichita  Village,  and  at  Small  Creek,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  the  operations  of  the  Wichita 
expedition  of  1858-59,  and  was  specially  mentioned  in  department 
general  orders  for  good  conduct  in  the  affair  at  Pecan  Bayou  in 
January,  1860. 

Upon  the  expiration  of  his  enlistment  he  returned  to  his  home 
in  Ohio,  where  he  attended  school  until  April,  18G1.  He  then 
entered  the  military  telegraph  service,  and  was  assigned  to  the 
National  army  in  West  Virginia,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
Rich  Mountain,  the  capture  of  Pegram's  forces  and  the  tow,n  of 
Beverly.  He  then  served  at  Clarksburg,  Buchanan,  and  other 
places  in  West  Virginia  until  the  spring  of  1862,  and  had  charge, 
as  a  volunteer,  of  two  guns  at  the  repulse  of  the  enemy  near  Fair- 
mont. He  was  then  attached  to  Mitchell's  division  of  General 
Buell's  army  at  Huntsville,  Ala.,  and  was  severely  wounded  in  a 
skirmish  near  Fayetteville,  Tenn.,  August  27,  1862,  during  the 
retreat  towards  Louisville,  Ky. 

He  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  of  Ohio  cavalry,  to  date 
from  October  9,  1862,  and  was  mustered  into  the  service  of  the 
United  States  as  a  first  lieutenant  of  the  Tenth  Ohio  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  January  15,  1863,  and  served  in  that  grade  until  March 
24,  1864,  when  he  was  promoted  to  a  captaincy  in  his  regiment. 

He  served  with  the  cavalry  corps  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumber- 
land, and  participated  with  his  regiment  in  the  action  at  Liberty 
Gap  and  in  many  cavalry  skirmishes  about  Murfreesboro  during 
the  winter  and  spring  of  1863.  Upon  the  reorganization  of  the 
cavalry  corps  his  regiment  was  assigned  to  the  Third  Division,  and 
he  participated  in  General  Sherman's  campaigns  to  the  end  of 
the  war.  He  served  as  an  aide-de-camp  for  General  Kilpatrick 
from  May,  1864,  to  July,  1865,  and  participated  in  the  battles  at 
Resaca  (wounded),  the  raid  around  the  Confederate  army  at 
Atlanta,  and  in  the  battles  and  engagements  at  Lovejoy's  Station, 
Waynesboro,  Jonesboro,  Macon,  Griswold,  and  Savannah,  Ga.  ; 
Aiken,  S.  C.  ;  Monroe  Cross-Roads,  Averysboro,  and  Bentonville, 
N.  C. ;  and  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  General  Johnston's 
army  at  Durham  Station,  N.  C,  April  26,  1865.  The  campaigns 
in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas  were  marked  by  many  cavalry  skir- 
mishes and  engagements,  in  which  he  participated  as  an  aide-de- 
camp for  General  Kilpatrick. 


448  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

He  was  made  a  brevet  major  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March 
13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  campaigns 
in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service,  to 
date  from  July  24,  1865. 

He  was  appointed,  from  New  Jersey,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  February  23,  1866,  and  was  in  charge 
of  ordnance  and  commissary  stores  at  Harper's  Ferry  from  May  to 
August.  He  then  joined  his  company  at  Winchester,  Va.,  and 
served  as  commissary  and  quartermaster  until  December,  when, 
having  been  promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  August  20, 
1866,  he  was  assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in  North  Carolina, 
and  served  at  Raleigh,  Fort  Hatteras  (commanding),  and  Morgan- 
ton  (commissary  and  quartermaster)  until  September,  1868,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  frontier  service  and  participated,  as  quarter- 
master of  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  from  October,  1868,  to  April, 
1869,  in  the  campaigns  against  the  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  in 
Kansas,  Colorado,  and  the  Indian  Territory,  and  was  engaged,  in 
October,  1868,  in  the  affairs  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Shuter  Creek, 
and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  Eiver.  He  then  availed  himself 
of  a  leave  of  absence,  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  McPherson, 
Neb.,  and  served  as  quartermaster  of  the  Republican  River  expe- 
dition from  the  9th  of  June  to  the  24th  of  August,  1869,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the  brilliant  action  at  Summit 
Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  and  in  the 
Niobrara  pursuit. 

He  was  appointed  regimental  quartermaster,  to  date  from  June 
22,  1869,  and  served  in  that  position  and  as  quartermaster  at  Fort 
McPherson  until  May  1,  1872.  He  commanded  a  detachment  of 
the  regiment  in  an  affair  with  hostile  Sioux  at  Birdwood  Creek, 
Neb.,  May  24,  1871,  and  was  quartermaster  of  the  escort  for 
Lieutenant-General  Sheridan  and  the  Grand  Duke  Alexis  of  Rus- 
sia in  the  Republican  River  Valley  during  January,  1872. 

When  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  moved,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1871,  to  Arizona,  he  was  retained  at  Fort  McPherson  until 
April,  1872,  in  charge  of  enlisted  men  and  horses  awaiting  the 
arrival  of  the  Third  Cavalry.  He  was  then  appointed  an  aide- 
de-camp  for  Brevet  Major-General  A\rilliam  H.  Emory,  com- 
manding the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  served  at  New 
Orleans  until  April,  1875,  when  he  was  promoted  a  captain,  to 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  449 

date  from  August  15,  1874.  He  then  reported  at  Fort  Leaven- 
worth, and  while  awaiting  the  arrival  of  his  company  from 
Arizona  served  as  quartermaster  for  a  battalion  of  the  Sixth 
Cavalry  en  route  from  Fort  Lyon  to  Santa  Fe,  and  returned  Avith 
the  first  battalion  of  the  regiment  to  Fort  Lyon,  where  he  joined 
his  company  in  September,  1875,  and  conducted  it  to  Camp  Sup- 
ply, I.  T.,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field- 
service,  until  June  9,  187G,  when  he  proceeded  to  Cheyenne,  Wyo., 
and  served  during  the  operations  against  the  hostile  Sioux  in  the 
Black  Hills  of  Wyoming,  and  with  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone 
expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian 
Creek),  Wyo.,  and  the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson, 
Neb.,  in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where 
he  had  station  until  August,  1877,  being  detached  at  Chicago  dur- 
ing the  railway  riots  of  July,  1877.  He  then  changed  station 
to  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  where  he  served,  commanding  post  and 
company,  until  September,  1878.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence  until  July,  1879,  when  he  was  appointed  recorder 
of  a  board  of  officers  convened  at  Washington,  D.  C,  to  examine 
candidates  for  superintendents  of  national  cemeteries,  and  contin- 
ued on  that  duty  until  June,  1S80,  when  he  rejoined  his  company 
at  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  May,  1882,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  where  he  is  now  serving 
as  a  company  commander. 


52.  J.  Scott  Payne  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  18th  of  June,  I860,  and  as- 
signed to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  ami  was 
promoted,  in  the  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  May  23,  18G7.  He 
joined  his  company  at  Washington,  I).  C,  on  the  2d  of  October, 
where  he  had  station  until  April,  18G7.  He  was  then  assigned  to 
reconstruction  duty  in  the  Southern  States,  and  served  in  Alabama 
and  Tennessee,  having  stations  at  Montgomery,  Demopolis,  Xash- 
ville,  and  Knoxville,  until  the  12th  of  September,  18G8,  when  he 
resigned  his  commission  and  located  at  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  when' 
he  engaged  in  the  practice  of  law.  lie  also  served  as  United 
States  commissioner  for  the  United  States  Circuit  Court,  District 
2<J 


450  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

of  East  Tennessee,  1871-73,  and  was  associate  editor  of  the 
Knoxville  Daily  Wliig  from  October,  1809,  to  February,  1870, 
and  editor  of  the  Knoxville  Daily  Whig  and  Register  during 
1870-71. 

He  was  reappointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Sixth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  February  3,  1873.  He  joined  his  regiment  in 
Kansas,  and  had  stations  at  Forts  Dodge,  Lyon,  and  Wallace,  and 
participated  in  field  operations  in  Kansas  and  Texas  until  Sep- 
tember, 1874,  and  was  engaged  in  a  combat  with  hostile  Chey- 
ennes,  Kiowas,  and  Comanches  on  Bed  River,  Texas,  August  30, 
1874,  and  served  as  adjutant  for  Major  Biddle's  battalion  of  the 
Sixth  Cavalry. 

He  was  transferred,  by  act  of  Congress  of  June  23,  1874, 
to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  first  lieutenant  with  his  original  rank, 
and  joined  at  Camp  McDowell,  A.  T.,  in  February,  1875.  He 
commanded  a  company  at  that  station  and  en  route,  by  the  way 
of  Camp  Verde  and  Fort  Wingate,  to  Santa  Fe  until  June,  when, 
having  been  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from  June  4,  1875,  he 
joined  his  company  and  conducted  it  from  Fort  Union,  N".  M.,  to 
Fort  Dodge,  Kan.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  10th  of  July,  and 
served,  commanding  company  and  post,  with  occasional  tours  of 
field-service,  until  July  17,  1876.  He  then  proceeded  by  rail  to 
Cheyenne,  and  while  marching  thence  to  Fort  Laramie  was  inter- 
cepted at  Chug  Water  by  a  dispatch  which  directed  him  to  join 
the  regiment  then  in  the  field.  He  made  forced  marches  and 
joined  on  the  north  branch  of  the  North  Cheyenne  River,  and 
served  with  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson,  Xeb., 
in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he 
had  station  until  January,  1878,  and  was  engaged  in  the  Wind 
River  expedition  against  the  Nez  Perces  during  September  and 
October,  1877,  and  in  the  capture  of  disaffected  Bannack  Indians 
at  Ross  Fork  (Idaho)  Agency,  in  Janflary,  1878.  He  was  then 
assigned  to  Fort  Fred  Steele,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  until  March, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  June.  He 
then  rejoined  his  company  and  served  with  a  battalion  of  the 
regiment  in  Northern  Wyoming  until  December,  and  soon  there- 
after availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  July,  1879, 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  451 

when  lie  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Cheyenne,  and  re- 
joined his  company  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  on  the  38th  of  August. 

Ee  was  ordered,  in  September,  to  field-service  against  the  dis- 
affected XJtes  of  Colorado,  and,  joining  Major  Thornburgh's  com- 
mand at,  Port  Fred  Steele,  participated  in  the  march  towards  the 
agency  on  White  River,  during  which  occurred  the  memorable  and 
disastrous  action  and  siege  at  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  29th  of  September 
-5th  of  October,  1879,  where  he  exercised  the  command  (being 
twice  wounded)  after  the  death  of  Major  Thornburgh,  who  fell 
early  in  the  engagement,  and  until  the  arrival,  five  days  thereafter, 
of  ( 'a plain  Dodge,  Ninth  Cavalry.  The  occasion  was  one  demand- 
ing the  exercise  of  the  highest  qualities  an  officer  can  possess, 
and  his  conduct  during  the  prolonged  defense,  under  the  most 
disheartening  circumstances,  was  beyond  praise,  while  the  records 
of  the  army  afford  no  brighter  instance  of  gallant  and  zealous  de- 
votion to  duty. 

He  was  thanked  and  complimented  in  orders,  letters,  and  re- 
ports of  Generals  Sherman,  Sheridan,  and  Crook  for  distinguished 
services,  and  also  received  the  thanks,  by  joint  resolution,  of  the 
sixth  Legislative  Assembly  of  Wyoming  Territory  for  his  bravery, 
heroic  conduct,  and  efficient  services  during  the  engagement  and 
subservient  siege. 

He  returned  to  duty  with  his  company  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 
on  the  29th  of  November,  and  in  January,  1880,  was  summoned 
to  Washington  to  testify  before  a  Congressional  committee  con- 
cerning the  causes  which  led  to  the  Ute  outbreak.  He  returned 
to  his  station  in  February,  where  he  served  until  April,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  Fort  Niobrara,  in  Northern  Nebraska,  where  he 
served  as  a  company,  and  at  times  as  a  post,  commander  until 
August  10,  1882,  when  he  proceeded  by  rail  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
where  he  had  station  until  November  12,  1882,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  a  com- 
pany commander. 


53.  Albert  E.  Woodson"  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  removed 
in  1859  to  Washington  Territory,  where  he  engaged  in  civil  pur- 
suits and  was  for  a  time  the  private  secretary  of  the  governor 
of  the  Territory.     He  enlisted.  May  27, 1862,  in   the  First  Wash- 


452  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ington  Territory  Volunteers,  and  served  as  a  private  and  hospital 
steward  until  April  14,  1863.  He  was  then  appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  his  regiment,  and  served  at  Forts  Walla  Walla  and 
Vancouver  until  March  25,  1865,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of 
service  and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Idaho  Territory,  a  first  lieutenant  in 
the  Thirty-sixth  Infantry,  to  date  from  August  5,  1867,  and  served 
at  Fort  Sanders  (employed  during  the  summer  of  1868  on  escort 
duty  with  engineers  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway),  Forts  Bridger 
and  Douglas,  until  May  19, 1869,  when,  his  regiment  having  been 
consolidated  with  the  Seventh  Infantry,  he  was  placed  on  the 
list  of  unassigned  officers  and  served  as  commissary  at  the  Whet- 
stone Indian  Agency  and  on  recruiting  service  at  Sioux  City 
until  November,  1870. 

He  was  highly  complimented  by  the  commissary-general  of 
subsistence  for  faithful  and  efficient  services  at  the  Whetstone 
Agency,  where  he  discharged  the  duties  of  his  office  in  a  satis- 
factory and  business-like  manner. 

He  was  assigned,  December  15,  1870,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  with 
his  original  rank,  and  joined  at  Fort  McPherson,  Web.,  on  the 
10th  of  March,  1871,  where  he  had  station  until  November,  when 
he  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment  (commanding- 
company),  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California, 
to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in  January,  1872, 
whence  he  marched,  in  April,  to  Camp  Verde,  where  he  had  station 
until  March,  1873.  He  commanded  a  company  during  the  Apache 
campaigns  of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  at  the 
Mexican  crossing  of  the  Verde  River  and  on  the  west  side  of  the 
Verde  River  south  of  Camp  Verde,  and  was  twice  nominated  to 
the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from 
December  31,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  an  engagement  with 
the  Apache-Mojave  Indians  in  the  Red  Rock  country. 

He  was  a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  convened  at  Los 
Angeles  for  the  purchase  of  cavalry  horses,  from  April  to  May, 
1873.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until 
February,  1874,  when  he  was  placed  on  duty  at  the  headquarters 
of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific,  and  finally  rejoined  at 
Camp  Grant  in  April,  where  he  served  as  a  company  commander 
and  commissary  until  July,  1875. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  453 

He  then  conducted  a  detachment  (D,  II,  L)  of  the  regiment 
from  Arizona  "to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  where  he  arrived  in  September, 
and  served,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  July,  1876, 
when  he  moved  by  rail  to  Cheyenne  to  participate  in  the  Sioux 
campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming,  Dakota,  and  Montana.  He  was 
promoted  a  captain  July  1,  187G,  and  joined  his  company  on  the 
north  branch  of  the  North  Cheyenne  River  and  served  with  the 
Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  Upon  the  disbandment  of  the 
expedition  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  in  October,  he  was  assigned  to 
Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  Avhere  he  had  station  until  August,  1877,  being 
detached  at  Omaha  during  the  railway  riots  of  July,  1877.  He 
then  changed  station  to  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  where  he  served 
until  May,  1878,  and  was  engaged  in  the  Wind  River  expe- 
dition against  the  Nez  Perces  during  September,  1877.  He 
was  then  employed  on  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming  until 
July,  when  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  McKinney.  He  availed  him- 
self, in  September,  1878,  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  February,  1879, 
when  he  was  appointed  recorder  of  a  retiring  board  convened  at 
New  York  City,  and  continued  on  that  duty  until  September, 
when  he  resumed  his  leave  of  absence  ;  but  having  been  informed 
of  the  military  operations  against  the  hostile  Utes  of  Colorado,  he 
rejoined  his  company  at  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  on  the  17th  of  October, 
and  served  with  the  reserve  of  the  Ute  expedition  until  the  29th 
of  November.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
where  he  served  until  April,  1880,  when  he  changed  station  to 
Fort  Laramie,  where  he  has  since  served,  with  occasional  leaves  of 
absence  and  tours  of  detached  service,  as  a  company,  and  at  times 
as  a  post,  commander. 


54.  Calbraitii  P.  Rodgers  Avas  born  in  Harford  County, 
Md.,  July  1,  1845.  His  paternal  grandfather,  Commodore  John 
Rodgers,  was  for  twenty  years  the  senior  officer  of  the  United 
States  navy.  His  mother  was  the  daughter  of  Commodore 
Matthew  Calbraith  Perry,  whose  treaty  with  Japan  opened  the 
ports  of  that  country  to   the   commercial   world. 

He  grew  to  manhood  on  a  farm,  and  manifested  at  an  early 
age  the  energy  which  marked  his  career  as  a  cavalry  officer.     The 


454  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS. 

confidence  with  which  lie  would  mount  the  wildest  colts,  and  the 
skill  displayed  in  the  management  of  them,  led  to  the  often- 
repeated  prediction  that  he  was  born  for  a  cavalryman. 

His  father  was  called  from  home  in  1861,  and  was  absent 
during  the  greater  part  of  the  ensuing  three  years.  The  charge  of 
the  farm  and  the  care  of  the  family  thus  devolved  upon  him  at 
the  early  age  of  sixteen  years.  He  discharged  these  duties  with  so 
much  zeal  and  judgment  that  he  won  the  respect  and  good-will  of 
the  neighboring  farmers  in  spite  of  their  secession  proclivities  and 
his  outspoken  National  sentiments. 

He  was  recommended  by  the  family  physician,  in  1865,  to 
adopt  an  out-door  life  because  of  some  trouble  with  his  eyes.  He 
bought  a  team,  and,  having  contracted  to  deliver  poplar  wood  to  a 
paper-manufacturing  company,  established  a  camp  in  the  woods 
and  carried  on  his  work  with  such  system  and  industry  as  to 
make  it  cpiite  profitable.  He  decided  in  the  summer  of  1866  to 
ask  for  a  commission  in  the  army,  and,  having  secured  a  few 
letters,  he  presented  them  to  General  Grant,  who,  after  some  con- 
versation concerning  the  duties,  dangers,  and  hardships  of  the 
profession,  wrote  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  of  War  recommending 
him  for  an  appointment,  Avhich  was  issued  in  September.  He 
passed  the  required  examination,  and  was  appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  November  19,  1866. 
He  served  at  Washington,  D.  C.,  until  October,  1867,  when  he  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  August  15,  1867,  and 
assigned  to  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he  arrived  in  November  and 
served  until  March,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier 
service  and  commanded  a  detachment  of  recruits  at  Fort  Harker, 
Kan.,  until  May,  when  he  marched  across  the  country  to  Fort 
McPherson,  Neb.  He  served  with  the  Eepublican  River  expedi- 
tion from  the  24th  of  June  to  the  17th  of  July,  1869,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek  and  in  the  brilliant  action  at 
Summit  Springs.  He  was  then  assigned  to  the  command  of  a 
company,  and  served  at  Fort  McPherson  and  with  the  closing 
operations  of  the  Republican  River  expedition  (engaged  in  the 
affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek)  until  November,  when  he  rejoined 
his  company  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  served,  with 
occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  December,  1870.  He  was 
then  selected  for  recruiting  service,  and  had  stations  at  St.  Louis, 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  455 

Carlisle,  and  Pittsburgh  until  December,  1872.  He  rejoined  at 
Camp  Grant,  Arizona,  in  May,  1873,  and  served  at  that  station 
until  November,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  April,  1874,  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Camp  Bowie, 
where  he  served  as  adjutant,  commissary,  and  quartermaster,  ami 
commanded  his  company  and  station  at  different  periods,  until 
July,  1875. 

He  then  marched,  by  the  way  of  the  Bio  Grande  and  Fort 
Union,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  proceeded  thence  by  rail  to  Fort 
Hays,  Kan.,  where  he  arrived  in  September,  and  had  station,  with 
occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  April,  1876,  when  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  convened  for  the  pur- 
chase of  cavalry  horses,  and  was  employed  on  that  duty  until  June, 
when  he  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  and  joined  the  regiment 
in  Northern  Wyoming.  He  was  promoted  a  captain,  to  date  from 
July  "29,  1876,  and  commanded  his  company  during  the  Big  Horn 
and  Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at 
Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  He  had  station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
from  October,  1876,  to  August,  1878,  and  was  employed  during 
the  summer  of  1877  with  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  on  field- 
service  near  the  Big  Horn  Mountains  and  with  the  Wind  River 
expedition  against  the  Nez  Perces.  He  was  serving  in  the  field 
in  Northern  Wyoming  during  the  summer  of  1878  when  he  was 
summoned  as  a  witness  before  a  general  court-martial  at  Fort  D. 
A.  Russell.  He  had  obeyed  the  summons,  and  when  en  route  to 
his  command  was  killed  by  lightning  near  Rock  Creek  Station, 
Wyo.,  on  the  23d  of  August,  1878.  He  was  in  his  tent  with  two 
Indian  scouts,  seeking  shelter  from  the  storm  and  writing  a  letter 
to  his  family,  when  the  Hashing  summons  came.  It  is  not  prob- 
able that  he  was  conscious  of  the  stroke,  as  hjs  features  were  still 
in  death,  the  faithful  mirror  that  portrayed  his  exalted  character. 
His  remains  were  sent  to  Pittsburgh,  where  they  now  rest.  He  was 
faithful  to  his  friendships  and  generous  in  his  impulses.  He  was  a 
dutiful  son,  a  devoted  husband,  and  a  loving  father.  He  died  too 
soon  to  secure  the  honors  which  always  follow  the  mature  years  of 
a  soldier  of  his  courage  and  ambition  ;  but  the  circle  within  which 
he  moved  was  made  better  by  his  example,  and  his  brief  life  was 
not  lived  in  vain. 


456  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

55.  John  B.  Babcock  was  bom  in  Louisiana  and  was  engaged 
in  business  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
He  served  as  a  sergeant  in  the  Thirty-seventh  New  York  National 
Guard  from  the  29th  of  May  to  the  2d  of  September,  1862.  and 
was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-fourth  New  York  Volunteers  November  13,  1862,  and 
was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  December  1,  1863. 

He  proceeded,  in  the  fall  of  1862,  to  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  and  participated  in  the  winter  campaign  preceding  the  siege 
of  Port  Hudson,  including  the  first,  advance,  March,  1863,  when 
the  ships  of  Admiral  Farragut  ran  by  the  guns,  and  the  affairs  at 
Fosse  Point  and  Plains'  Store  ;  the  Port  Hudson  campaign,  in- 
cluding the  first  and  second  assaults  upon,  and  the  siege  of,  Port 
Hudson,  and  was  a  volunteer  for  the  storming  party.  He  then 
participated  in  the  Red  River  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Sabine  Cross-Roads  and  was  commended  for  conspicuous 
gallantry  ;  the  battle  of  Pleasant  Hill  (adjutant),  where  the  regi- 
ment lost  one  hundred  and  twenty-one  officers  and  men,  and  was 
again  commended  for  conspicuous  gallantry  ;  the  battle  of  Cane 
River,  where  he  was  highly  commended  by  his  brigade  commander 
for  leading  the  assault,  and  where  his  brilliant  conduct  con- 
tributed largely  to  the  success  of  the  National  army  ;  the  siege  of 
Alexandria  and  the  engagement  on  Mansura  Plains.  His  regiment 
was  consolidated,  in  June,  1864,  with  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty- 
second  New  York  Volunteers,  and  lie  served  with  the  new  organi- 
zation as  a  first  lieutenant  until  December  9.  1864,  when  he  was 
promoted  a  captain,  and  on  January  1,  1865,  he  was  promoted  a 
major.  The  new  organization  was  transferred  to  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  in  front  of  Petersburg,  and  he  participated  in  the 
engagements  on  the  north  side  of  the  James  River  preceding  the 
explosion  of  the  mine. 

He  then  participated  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  campaign  of 
1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek  and  other  en- 
gagements and  combats  of  less  importance,  and  commanded  his 
regiment  upon  several  occasions.  He  was  employed  during  the 
summer  of  1865  as  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  District 
of  Georgia  and  until  he  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  ac- 
cepted, to  take  effect  July  23,  1865. 

He  received  the  brevets  of  first  lieutenant,  captain,  and  major, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS  457 

to  date  from  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
at  the  battles  of  Sabine  Cross-Roads,  Pleasant  Hill,  and  Cane 
River  Crossing,  La.,  and  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  of 
New  York  Volunteers  by  the  State  of  New  York  in  recognition  of 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Connecticut,  a  second  lieutenanl  in  the 
Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  January  22,  1867,  and  was  promoted, 
in  the  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  February  14,  1868,  and  a  captain 
May  9,  is;;.  He  joined  his  company  in  South  Carolina  on  the 
17th  of  April,  and  served  at  Aiken  and  Edgefield  until  November, 
when  be  was  transferred  to  Washington  and  served  with  the  escort 
for  General  Grant  until  August,  1868.  He  then  availed  himself 
of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  November,  when  he  joined  a 
battalion  of  the  regiment  in  Kansas  and  commanded  a  company 
during  the  campaigns  against  the  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes 
until  July  17,  18G9.  He  served  with  the  Canadian  River  expe- 
dition and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  during  the  winter  and 
spring  of  1868-69,  and  while  marching  across  the  country  to  Fort 
McPherson,  Neb.,  was  engaged,  in  May,  1869,  in  the  combats  with 
hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  at  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks.  His 
company  (M)  was  surrounded  at  Spring  Creek  by  a  large  force  of 
warriors  under  the  famous  Cheyenne  chief,  Tall  Bull,  but  he  suc- 
cessfully resisted  their  assaults  until  the  arrival  of  the  main  column, 
when  he  participated  in  the  vigorous  pursuit  which  followed.  He 
served  with  the  Republican  River  expedition  during  June  and 
July,  18G9,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  on  the  Republican  River 
near  Spring  Creek,  in  the  sand-hills  near  Frenchman's  Fork, 
in  repulsing  a  night  attack  of  the  enemy  at  Rock  Creek,  and  in 
the  brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs.  He  then  availed  him- 
self of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  April,  1870,  when  he  rejoined 
at  Fort  McPherson,  and  served  at  that  station,  Plum  Creek,  North 
Platte,  and  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  until  December,  1871.  He  then 
accompanied  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way 
of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and 
arrived  at  Camp  Bowie  in  February,  1872,  where  he  served  until 
August,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Camp  Grant,  and  thence,  in 
April,  18713,  to  Camp  Apache. 

He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaigns  of  18;:)-74,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  combats  north-east  of  the  forks  of  Tonto  Creek 


458  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

(slightly  wounded),  in  Sunflower  Valley  near  the  Four  Peaks,  at 
Wild  Rye  Creek,  and  near  the  head-waters  of  Cherry  Creek.  He 
was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  June  16,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  an  engagement  with  Tonto- Apache  Indians  in  Tonto  Basin  ;  and 
a  brevet  colonel,  to  date  from  January  16,  1874,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  an  engagement  with  Apache  Indians  at  Four  Peaks. 

He  served  at  San  Carlos  Agency  as  a  company  commander, 
commissary,  and  quartermaster  from  March  to  October,  1874, 
when  he  was  selected  for  recruiting  service  and  had  stations  at 
Chicago  and  New  York  until  December,  1876,  when  he  rejoined 
at  Fort  McPherson,  where  he  served  as  adjutant  and  company 
commander  until  May  9,  1877,  when  he  joined  his  company,  by 
promotion,  at  that  station.  He  served  at  Chicago  during  the 
railway  riots  of  July,  1877,  and  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  November,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort 
McKintiey,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station,  with  a  tour  of  field-service 
to  the  Little  Missouri  Ptiver,  until  May,  1878.  He  was  then  em- 
ployed on  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming  until  December, 
when  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had 
station  until  April,  1880,  and  was  employed  on  general  court- 
martial  duty  at  Salt  Lake  City  in  December,  1878,  on  field-service 
in  the  sand-hills  of  Western  Nebraska  during  January  and  Feb- 
ruary, 1879,  in  the  Ute  expedition  during  the  fall  and  winter 
of  18T9,  and  participated  in  raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk 
Creek,  Col. 

He  was  transferred,  in  April,  1880,  to  Camp  Sheridan,  Neb., 
and  commanded  the  post  until  October,  when  he  availed  himself 
of  a  leave  of  absence  until  May,  1881.  He  then  rejoined  his  com- 
pany at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  where  he  has  since  served  as  a 
company,  and  at  times  as  a  post,  commander. 


56.  Edward  W.  Ward  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  served  as 
first  lieutenant  of  Twyman's  company  of  Kentucky  scouts  from 
December  26,  1861,  to  March  24,  18G3,  and  as  captain  from  March 
24  to  July  27,  1863,  when  he  was  transferred  as  a  captain  to  the 
Third  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  served  in  that  grade  until  July  15, 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  459 

1865,  when  lie  was  mustered  out  of  service.  He  also  served  as 
an  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  September,  1862-March,  L863,  and 
February-July,  1865. 

Ee  was  appointed,  from  Kentucky,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  22,  1867,  and  was  promoted,  in 
the  regiment,  a  firsl  lieutenant  April  25,  1869,  and  a  captain 
August  23,  1878.  He  joined  his  company  in  North  Carolina  on 
the  26th  of  September,  and  served  at  Morganton  (adjutant)  and 
Raleigh  until  August,  1868,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier 
service,  and  served  as  adjutant  for  a  battalion  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry 
in  a  campaign  againsi  the  hostile  Sioux  and  Oheyennes  on  the 
western  border  of  Kansas,  and  was  engaged,  in  October.  1- 
the  affairs  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Shuter  Creek,  and  the  north 
branch  of  Solomon  River.  He  served  with  the  Canadian  River 
expedition  (adjutant)  and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon  during  the 
winter  and  spring  of  1868-69,  and  while  inarching  across  the 
country  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  was  engaged,  in  May,  1S69,  in 
the  combats  with  hostile  Sioux  and  Oheyennes  at  Beaver  and  Spring 
creeks.  He  served  as  acting  signal  officer  at  Fort  McPherson  until 
July,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  Septem- 
ber, lie  then  joined  the  Republican  River  expedition  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek.  He  then  returned 
to  Fort  McPherson.  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours 
of  field-service,  until  December,  1870,  when  he  was  selected  for 
recruiting  service  and  had  stations  at  St.  Louis  and  Louisville 
until  October,  1872.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of 
absence  until  October,  1873,  when  he  conducted  a  detachmenl  of 
recruits  to  Arizona,  and  rejoined  his  company^at  Camp  Lowell  on 
the  22d  of  November.  He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaign 
of  1874,  and  was  engaged  in  an  affair  in  the  Santa  Teresa  Moun- 
tains ;  commanded  Indian  scouts  at  Camp  Apache  ;  served  as 
company  commander,  quartermaster,  and  commissary  at  San 
Carlos  Agency,  and  as  company  commander  at  Camp  Grant,  until 
July,  1875,  when  he  marched,  by  the  way  of  the  Rio  Grande, 
Santa  Fe,  and  Fort  Lyon,  to  Fort  Wallace,  Kan.,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  12th  of  September,  and  had  station,  with  occasional  tours 
of  field-service  (engaged  in  combat  on  Canon  Creek),  until  May, 
1876.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until 
October,    when    he    rejoined  his  company  and   served    with    the 


460  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS. 

Powder  River  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action 
on  Bates  Creek  (north  branch  of  Powder  River),  Wyo.  He  was 
then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  W)To.,  where  he  had  station, 
with  frequent  sick-leaves  of  absence,  until  May  1,  1879,  when  he 
was  retired  from  active  service  for  disability  resulting  from  disease 
contracted  in  the  line  of  duty.  His  home  is  near  Lincolnton, 
X.  C,  where  he  is  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits. 


57.  William  J.  Volkmar  was  born  iu  Pennsylvania,  and  served, 
during  the  Confederate  invasion  of  his  native  State,  as  a  sergeant 
in  the  Thirty-third  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  from  the  19th  of 
June  to  the  4th  of  August,  1863.  Upon  the  recommendations  of 
his  captain  and  colonel,  for  gallant  conduct  in  battle  during  the 
Gettysburg  campaign,  and  of  the  faculty  of  the  high-school  of 
Philadelphia,  from  which  institution  he  holds  the  degrees  of  B.A. 
and  M.A.,  he  was  appointed  a  cadet  at  the  Military  Academy,  and 
was  graduated  on  the  15th  of  June,  1868,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth 
Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  the  regiment, 
a  first  lieutenant  March  19,  1870,  and  a  captain  April  2,  1879. 

He  reported  at  Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  October  4,  1868,  and  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  a  detachment  of  cavalry  recruits, 
which  lie  was  employed  in  arming,  equipping,  and  drilling  until 
the  2d  of  November,  when  he  accompanied  the  detachment  to 
Fort  Dodge,  Kan.,  and  was  engaged  en  route  in  a  combat  (Novem- 
ber 15)  with  Cheyenne  Indians  near  Fort  Larned.  He  was  serv- 
ing as  an  acting  aide-de-camp  for  Colonel  Sully,  commanding  the 
Indian  Territory  expedition,  when  he  was  ordered  to  join  his 
company,  then  with  another  column,  at  Fort  Wallace,  Kan. 

He  then  served  (commanding  company)  with  the  Canadian 
River  expedition  and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon  during  the  winter 
and  spring  of  1868-69,  and  while  marching  across  the  country  witli 
a  battalion  of  the  regiment  (acting  engineer  officer)  was  engaged, 
in  May,  1869,  in  the  combats  Avith  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes 
at  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks,  and  narrowly  escaped  death  in  the 
combat  at  the  latter  place.  He  was  recommended  for  the  brevet 
of  first  lieutenant  for  conspicuous  gallantry  upon  that  occasion. 
He  participated,  as  acting  engineer  and  signal  officer,  in  the  opera- 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  4f>l 

tions  of  the  Republican  River  expedition  from  June  to  & 
1869,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the  brilliant 
action  at  Summit  Springs  (distinguished  for  gallantry  and  recom- 
mended for  the  brevet  of  captain),  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  .south 
of  Julesburg,  the  Niobrara  pursuit,  and  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog 
Creek,  where  he  won  a  special  mention  in  the  official  report  "as 
meriting  the  highest  praise  for  dash  and  gallantry,"  and  also  for 
having,  in  connection  with  Lieutenant  Trice,  Fifth  Cavalry,  "  un- 
doubtedly saved  the  lives  of  Major  Frank  North  (commanding 
Pawnee  scouts)  and  the  guide,  William  Cody." 

lie  then  served  at  Fort  McPherson,  where  lie  was  principally 
employed  as  acting  engineer  and  signal  officer,  quartermaster,  and 
commissary,  until  February,  1871.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a 
sick-leave  of  absence  until  May,  when  he  joined  his  company  at 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  and  served  at  that  station  until  Decem- 
ber, 1871,  when  he  accompanied  the  second  detachment  of  the 
regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California, 
to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  iu  January,  1872,  and 
was  soon  thereafter  assigned,  at  the  recpiest  of  Brigadier-General 
Oliver  0.  Howard,  to  the  difficult  and  dangerous  duty  of  attempt- 
ing, under  a  flag  of  truce,  to  open  communication  with  the  hostile 
Apaches.  He  was  then  employed  in  conducting  recruits  to  Camps 
Grant,  Lowell,  and  Apache,  and  served  on  general  court-martial 
duty  at  Camp  Apache  until  July,  when  he  rejoined  his  company 
in  the  field  near  Camp  Hualpai.  He  was  selected,  in  August,  1872, 
to  command  Camp  Date  Creek,  where  he  rendered  important  and. 
highly  valuable  services  during  the  outbreak  of  the  Apache-Yuma 
Indians  on  the  8th  of  September.  He  was  selected,  in  December, 
1872,  for  recruiting  service,  and  had  stations  at  Cleveland,  Phila- 
delphia, and  St.  Louis,  and  was  adjutant  of  the  cavalry  station  at 
St.  Louis  Barracks,  until  May,  1875,  when  he  was  assigned  to  tem- 
poral'}' duty  in  the  office  of  the  chief  engineer  of  the  Department  of 
Missouri.  He  served  in  that  position  until  December,  when  he  was 
appointed  chief  signal  officer  of  the  department,  and  was  employed 
in  giving  instructions  in  military  signaling  and  telegraphy  until 
December,  187G,  when  he  was  appointed  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier- 
General  Pope  (now  major-general).  He  continued  in  the  discharge 
of  the  duties  of  these  offices,  and  performed,  at  intervals,  the  duties 
of  assistant  adjutant-general,  judge-advocate,  and  chief  ordtoanct 


462  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

aud  engineer  officer  until  after  his  promotion  to  a  captaincy  in  the 
regiment,  when  he  was  relieved,  in  July,  1879,  from  staff  duty,  at 
his  own  request,  and  joined  his  company  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.  He  joined  Major  Thornburglrs  command  which  was  organ- 
ized, in  September,  to  operate  against  the  disaffected  Utes  on 
White  River,  Col.;  but,  before  the  command  marched  from  Fort 
Fred  Steele,  Wyo.,  he  was  recalled  by  the  lien  tenant-general  of 
the  army  for  special  duty  at  Chicago,  111.,  as  recorder  of  a  board 
of  officers  which  was  convened  to  consider  disputed  matters 
relating  to  the  battles  of  Chickamauga  and  Stone  River; 

Before  completing  this  duty,  and  in  January,  1S80,  he  was 
again  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier-General  Pope, 
and  served  in  that  position  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  Kan.,  until  June  6, 
1881,  when  he  was  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  (with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel)  for  the  lieutenant-general  of  the  army,  and  is 
now  serving  in  that  position  at  Chicago,  111. 


58.  William  0.  Fokbush  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of  June,  1868, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted,  in  the  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  March  10,  1ST0,  and 
a  captain  May  1,  1879.  He  joined  his  company  at  Fort  Hays, 
Kan.,  on  the  5th  of  October,  aud  participated,  during  October  and 
November,  1868,  in  a  campaign  against  the  hostile  Sioux  and 
Cheyeunes  on  the  western  border  of  Kansas,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  combats  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Shuter  Creek  (distinguished 
for  gallantry  and  recommended  for  the  brevet  of  first  lieutenant), 
and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  Paver.  He  served  as  an  acting- 
aide-de-camp  for  Major  Carr  during  the  Canadian  River  expedi- 
tion, and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  from  December,  1868,  to 
April,  1869,  when  he  was  appointed  cpiartermaster  of  a  battalion 
of  the  regiment  en  route  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  combat  with  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  at  Beaver 
Creek,  May  13,  1869. 

He  served  as  adjutant  of  the  regiment  from  July  12,  1869,  to 
October  5,  1876,  having  stations  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  Camps 
McDowell  and  Lowell,  A.  T.,    and  Fort  Hays,  Kan.      He   was 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  163 

acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  District  of  the  Republican 
from  July,  1869,  to  November,  1871  ;  of  the  District  of  the  Blacfc 
Hills,  June  and  July,  1870,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  War 
Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.  ;  of  the  cavalry  corps  of  the  Big-  1  torn 
and  Yellowstone  expedition  from  the  4th  of  August  to  the  8th  of 
October,  1876,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes, 
Dak.,  and  was  commended  in  general  orders  for  invaluable  services 
and  untiring  zeal  and  efficiency  as  a  staff  officer  under  the  most 
trying  circumstances  in  the  field.  He  was  then  selected  for  re- 
cruiting service,  and  was  employed  as  adjutant  at  St.  Louis  Bar- 
racks until  September,  1878,  when  he  was  relieved,  and  joined  at 
Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  in  January,  1879,  where  he  served  as 
adjutant  until  May.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  October,  when  he  joined  his  company  at  Fort  Washakie, 
Wyo.,  where  he  served  until  May,  1880,  when  he  changed  station 
to  Fort  Eobinson,  Neb.,  where  he  arrived  in  June  and  served  until 
January,  1881.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  June,  1881,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Robinson, 
and  a  few  days  thereafter  changed  station  to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb., 
where  he  is  now  serving  as  a  company  commander. 


59.  Chaeles  Kikg  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  18th  of  June,  1866,  and  as- 
signed to  the  First  Artillery  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  May  15,  1870.  He 
served  at  the  Military  Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor  of  ar- 
tillery until  the  28th  of  August,  when  he  availed  himself  of  the 
graduating  leave  of  absence  and  afterwards  joined  his  regiment  at 
Jackson  Barracks,  near  New  Orleans,  on  the  30th  of  November, 
where  he  had  station  until  February,  1868,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Sedgwick  Barracks,  La.,  and  thence  to  Fort  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 
He  was  employed  on  recruiting  service  at  Cincinnati  from  April 
to  July,  1809,  when  he  was  returned  to  Fort  Hamilton.  He  was 
an  assistant  instructor  of  infantry,  cavalry,  and  artillery  tactics  at 
the  Military  Academy  from  September  4,  1809,  to  October  24, 
1871,  and  was  transferred,  with  his  original  rank.  January  1. 
L871,  to   the  Fifth   Cavalry.     He  joined   the  regiment   at  Fort 


464  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

McPherson,  Neb.,  on  the  7th  of  November,  1871,  and  was  im- 
mediately appointed  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brevet  Major-General 
Emory,  commanding  the  Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  served  at 
New  Orleans  (was  also  acting  judge-advocate  of  the  department) 
from  November,  1871,  to  January  31,  1874.  He  then  conducted 
a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Arizona,  and  joined  his  company  at 
Camp  Verde  on  the  13th  of  May,  where  he  had  station  until 
December.  He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaign  of  18  74, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Stauffer's  Butte,  north-west  of 
Diamond  Butte;  on  the  Black  Mesa,  near  the  east  branch  of 
Verde  Biver ;  and  at  Sunset  Pass,  eighteen  miles  from  Little 
Cottonwood  Biver,  November  1,  1874,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  compelled  to  avail  himself  of  tours  of  detached  ser- 
vice and  sick-leaves  of  absence  until  the  28th  of  September,  1875, 
when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Biley,  Kan,  He  was 
nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  to 
date  from  May  21,  1874  (antedated),  for  gallant  and  distinguished, 
services  in  action  with  Apache  Indians  near  Diamond  Butte. 

He  served  at  Fort  Biley  until  the  17th  of  May,  1876,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  Fort  Hays,  whence  he  moved  by  rail,  with  a 
battalion  of  the  regiment,  to  Cheyenne,  and  participated  in  the 
Sioux  campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming,  Dakota,  and  Montana,  and 
served  as  acting  regimental  adjutant  during  the  operations  in  the 
Black  Hills  of  Wyoming  and  in  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone 
expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  at  the  south  branch  of 
Cheyenne  Biver  and  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  and  in 
the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  He  was  adjutant  of  the 
regiment  from  October  5,  1876,  to  January  28,  1878,  having 
station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  and  serving  as  acting  assistant 
adjutant-general  of  the  United  States  forces  assembled  at  Omaha 
during  the  railway  riots  of  July  and  August,  1877,  and  of  the 
Wind  Biver  expedition  against  the  Nez  Perces  during  September 
and  October,  1877.  He  continued  to  have  station  at  Fort  D.  A. 
Bussell  until  September,  1878,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a 
sick-leave  of  absence.  He  was  promoted  a  captain  May  1,  is;'.'. 
and,  without  joining  his  company,  was  retired  from  active  service 
on  the  14th  of  June,  1879,  for  disability  resulting  from  a  wound 
received  in  the  line  of  duty. 

He  is   the  author  of  a   series  of  readable  sketches,  entitled 


MILITARY   RECOEBS   OF  OFFICERS.  465 

"The  Fifth  Cavalry  in  the  Sioux  War  of  1876,"  which  were  pub- 
lished in  the  fall  of  1880;  and  of  an  interesting  novel  entitled 
"The  Colonel's  Daughter;  or,  Winning  his  Spurs,"  which  was 
published  in  the  winter  of  1882.  He  was  elected,  in  January, 
L881,  professor  of  military  science  and  tactics  in  the  University 
of  Wisconsin,  and  is  now  serving  as  an  aide-de-camp,  with  the 
rank  of  colonel,  on  the  staff  of  the  governor  of  Wisconsin. 


GO.  Jacob  A.  Augur  (a  son  of  Brigadier-General  C.  C. 
Augur)  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of  June,  1869,  and  assigned  to  the 
Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  the 
regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  January  11,  1871,  and  a  captain  June 
14,  1879.  He  relinquished  the  graduating  leave  on  the  7th  of 
July  and  joined  his  company  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  on  the  2d 
of  August,  and  served  with  the  Republican  River  expedition  of 
1869  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek.  He 
was  then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  and  soon  there- 
after availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  March,  1870,  when 
he  was  attached  for  duty  to  Company  K,  en  route  from  Washing- 
ton, D.  C,  to  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  and  rejoined  his 
company  in  May  at  Pine  Bluffs,  Neb.,  where  he  served  until 
August,  when  he  marched  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  had 
station  until  August  16,  1871,  and  was  employed  on  escort  duty 
with  the  Indian  Commissioners  to  Fort  Laramie  and  with  an 
expedition  from  Fort  McPherson  to  the  Republican  River  during 
the  fall  of  1870.  He  was  appointed,  July  28,  1871,  an  aide-de- 
camp for  Brigadier-General  Augur,  and  served  in  that  position 
from  August  17,  1871,  to  June  30,  1878,  when  he  was  relieved  at 
his  own  request.  He  had  stations  during  this  period  at  Omaha, 
San  Antonio,  and  New  Orleans,  and,  in  addition  to  his  duties  as 
an  aide-de-camp,  served  as  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  for 
the  Department  of  Texas  from  February  5,  1872,  to  May  G,  1873, 
and  from  November  1,  1873,  to  January  20,  1874;  as  acting 
engineer  officer  for  the  Department  of  Texas  from  July  22,  1873, 
to  Mav  11,  1874  ;  and  as  acting  judge-advocate  for  the  Department 
of  the  Gulf  from  January  to  July,  1878. 

He  joined  his  company  in  the  field  in  Northern  Wyoming 
30  « 


466  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

July  27.  1878,  and  was  assigned,  in  December,  to  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,  where  he  had  station  until  April,  1880,  and  was  employed 
on  field-service  in  Western  Nebraska  during  January  and  February, 
1879,  and  in  the  Ute  expedition  during  the  fall  and  winter  of 
1879,  and  participated  in  raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk 
Creek,  Col.  He  changed  station,  in  April,  1880,  to  Fort  Laramie, 
Wyo.,  where  he  has  since  served,  with  occasional  leaves  of  absence 
and  tours  of  detached  service,  as  a  company  commander. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 


6.  Walter  H.  Jenifer  was  born  at  Port  Tobacco,  Md.,  in 
1827.  He  was  appointed  a  first  lieutenant  of  dragoons  on  the  18th 
of  February,  1847,  and  was  commissioned,  on  the  14th  of  May, 

1847,  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Third  Dragoons  (organized  by  act 
of  Congress  of  February  11,  1847,  for  the  war  with  Mexico),  to 
date  from  April  9,  1847,  and  accompanied  his  regiment  to  Mexico, 
and  was  serving  at  Mier  (August,  1847)  when  he  was  promoted  a 
captain,  to  date  from  July  1G,  1847,  but  was  not  commissioned 
until  February  1,  1848.  He  was  then  ordered  to  his  regiment  in 
the  city  of  Mexico,  but,  having  been  prostrated  by  yellow  fever  at 
Vera  Cruz,  did  not  join  until  May,  1848.  He  was  then  assigned 
with  his  company  to  escort  duty  with  the  United  States  commis- 
sioners en  route  to  Queretaro,  where  the  treaty  of  peace  was  signed. 
He  was  discharged  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  Mo.,  on  the  31st  of  July, 

1848,  without  having  participated  in  any  of  the  battles  of  the  war 
with  Mexico. 

He  was  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  on  the  Pacific  coast 
until  about  the  time  he  was  appointed  a  first  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  was 
assigned  to  recruiting  duty  at  Port  Tobacco,  Md.,  and  Win- 
chester, Va.,  until  August,  when  lie  joined  his  company  at 
Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  had  station  until  October,  when 
he  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort 
Mason  January  14,  1856,  where  he  served  until  March,  1857, 
when  he  changed  station  to  Fort  Inge,  and  thence  to  Fort 
Belknap.     He  participated  in  the  expedition  towards  the  head- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  467 

waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers  during  June  and  July, 
1856,  and  commanded  in  the  affairs  on  the  Rio  Llano,  on  the 
head-waters  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Nueces  (distinguished  and 
commended  in  orders),  and  near  the  head-waters  of  the  Nueces, 
lie  was  employed  on  recruiting  service  from  November,  1857,  to 
March,  1858,  and  from  May,  1858,  to  June,  1859,  when  he  rejoined 
at  Camp  Radziminski,  where  he  served  as  commissary  and  quarter- 
master of  the  Wichita  expedition  until  December.  He  then 
changed  station  to  Camp  Colorado,  and  on  the  26th  of  February, 
1861,  evacuated  the  post  and  marched  with  his  company  to  In- 
dianola,  where  he  embarked  with  the  first  detachment  of  the  regi- 
ment on  the  steamship  Coatzacoalcos  and  sailed  for  New  York, 
and  proceeded  thence  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived  on  the  13th 
of  April,  1861,  and,  having  obtained  a  leave  of  absence  for  seven 
days,  arrived  at  Baltimore  in  time  to  witness  the  conflict  between 
the  mob  and  the  Sixth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  when  he  returned 
to  Carlisle  and  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to 
take  effect  April  30,  1861.  He  then  started  to  Washington  on  the 
unexpired  five  days  of  his  leave  for  the  purpose  of  settling  his 
accounts  with  the  government.  When  he  arrived  at  Hanover, 
Pa.,  he  was  arrested  by  order  of  the  governor  of  Pennsylvania  on 
the  charge  of  desertion  and  communicating  to  the  enemy  the 
condition  of  affairs  at  Carlisle  and  the  movements  of  the  State 
troops.  He  was  searched,  placed  in  irons,  and  sent  to  York,  Pa., 
where  he  was  imprisoned.  It  was  soon  shown  that  he  was  on 
a  leave  of  absence  and  not  in  communication  with  the  enemy. 
He  was  then  released  and  continued  his  journey  to  Baltimore, 
and  proceeded  thence  to  Richmond,  Va.,  where  he  entered  the 
Confederate  service  as  a  major  of  cavalry.  He  participated  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  was  promoted  a  lieutenant-colouel,  and 
commanded  the  Eighth  Virginia  Cavalry  at  Ball's  Bluff,  Va.,  as  a 
colonel  of  cavalry.  He  participated  in  many  of  the  battles  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  until  March,  1862,  when  lie  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Department  of  West  Virginia,  where  he  served  until 
the  spring  of  1863,  when  he  was  ordered  to  Richmond  as  an 
inspector  of  cavalry.  After  a  brief  service  in  that  position  he 
was  assigned  to  Mobile,  Ala.,  where  he  had  a  cavalry  command 
until  near  the  end  of  the  war,  when  he  was  promoted  a  brigadier- 
general,  but  never  served  in  that  grade. 


468  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

Ho  resided  in  Baltimore  from  1865  to  1870,  when  lie  accepted 
service  in  the  army  of  the  Khedive  of  Egypt  as  an  inspector- 
general  of  cavalry  with  the  rank  of  colonel.  He  resigned  the 
position  in  December,  3  875,  and  returned  to  Baltimore,  where  he 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  until  the  spring  of  1877,  when  he 
removed  to  Richmond,  where  a  disease  of  the  throat,  contracted  in 
Egypt,  caused  him  great  suffering  and  finally  compelled  him  to 
submit  to  a  surgical  operation.  He  died  in  that  city  on  the  9th 
of  April,  1878.  He  was  the  inventor  of  the  well-known  Jenifer 
saddle,  and  was  famous  for  the  fine  horses  which  he  always  owned 
and  his  fondness  for  hunting.  He  was  active  and  ambitious,  and 
upon  one  occasion  rode,  without  changing  horses,  from  Fort  Mason 
to  Fort  McKavett,  a  distance  of  seventy  miles,  in  seven  hours.  His 
specialty  in  civil  life  was  animal-painting.  He  was  the  first  officer 
in  the  army  to  apply  the  Baucher  system  to  the  cavalry,  doing 
this,  however,  in  a  small  way,  having  only  time  to  drill  a  limited 
number  of  non-commissioned  officers  for  a  few  weeks  before  the 
beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  was  relieved,  during 
the  winter  of  1877-78,  of  his  political  disabilities  by  an  act  of  Con- 
gress, and  was  making  arrangements  to  introduce  the  Jenifer  saddle 
to  the  army  when  he  was  stricken  by  his  fatal  illness. 


8.  Alexander  H.  Cross  (a  son  of  Colonel  Trueman  Cross, 
assistant  quartermaster-general,  and  author  of  "  Military  Laws  oi 
the  United  States,"  who  was  killed  April  21,  1816,  by  Mexican 
banditti  near  Fort  Brown,  Texas)  was  born  in  the  District  of 
Columbia  about  1826.  He  served  in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a 
first  lieutenant  of  Voltigeurs  (organized  by  act  of  Congress  of 
February  11,  1847,  for  the  war  with  Mexico)  from  April  9,  1847, 
to  August  31, 1848,  and  was  distinguished  for  conspicuous  gallantry 
at  the  storming  of  Chapultepec.  He  was  appointed,  from  the  Dis- 
trict of  Columbia,  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  was  employed  on  recruit- 
ing service  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Augusta,  Ga.,  until  June, 
when  he  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  had 
station  until  October,  when  he  marched  with  the  regiment  to 
Texas,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  1856,  where  he 
served  until  May  1,  1856,  when  his  appointment  expired  by  consti- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   <>F   0FFI0ER8.  4C9 

tutional  limitation.  He  declined  a  reappointment  and  returned  to 
civil  pursuits  in  Washington  and  Georgetown,  D.  C,  where  lie 
wus  employed  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He 
entered  the  Confederate  service  and  attained  the  grade  of  colonel. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  civil  pursuits  in  Washington,  George- 
town, and  Baltimore,  and  died  of  disease  at  Richmond,  Va.,  in 
L869.  He  was  one  of  the  best  of  the  original  appointments  from 
civil  life. 


11.  Charles  Radzimixski  was  born  in  Poland  about  1825,  and 
emigrated  at  an  early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  served  in  the 
war  with  Mexico  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Third  Dragoons 
(organized  by  act  of  Congress  of  February  11,  1847,  for  the  war 
with  Mexico)  from  April  9,  1847,  to  July  31,  1848,  and  was  engaged 
in  civil  pursuits  in  New  Mexico  when  he  was  appointed,  from 
Louisiana,  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  June  30,  1855.  He  joined  the  regiment  at  Fort  Mason, 
Texas,  March  25,  185G,  and  served  at  Camps  Cooper  and  Sabinal, 
and  at  Forts  Inge  and  Clark,  until  May,  1857,  when  he  was  com- 
pelled to  avail  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence.  He  rejoined  his 
company  at  Fort  Clark  in  November,  and  served  at  that  station, 
Fort  Mason,  and  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos  until  July  24, 
1858,  when  rapidly  failing  health  again  compelled  him  to  seek  a 
change  of  climate,  and  he  died  at  Memphis,  Tenn.,  of  consumption, 
on  the  18th  of  August,  1858.  He  was  highly  esteemed  for  his  manly 
qualities  and  generous  disposition. 


12.  Jonx  T.  Shaaff  was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia  in 
1830.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st 
of  July,  1851,  and  assigned  to  the  Sixth  Infantry  as  a  brevel  second 
lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieu- 
tenant June  9,  1853.  He  was  stationed  at  Newport  Barracks, 
Ky.,  until  1852,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  frontier  and 
served  at  Forts  Atkinson,  Riley,  and  Laramie  until  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
May  1,  185(3.  He  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks  on  the 
29th  of  July,  where  he  had  station  until  October,  when  he  inarched 


470  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January  14, 
1856.  He  was  selected  to  locate  a  wagon  road  from  Fort  Terrett, 
on  the  head-waters  of  the  Bio  Llano,  to  Camp  Lancaster,  on  the 
El  Paso  Road,  and  suffered  many  privations  during  the  progress  of 
the  reconnaissance  (April-June,  1856),  but  he  persevered  until  he 
had  demonstrated  that  the  route  was  not  practicable.  He  served 
at  Forts  Mason,  Belknap,  and  Inge ;  at  Camps  Colorado,  Sabinal, 
and  Eadziminski,  and  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos  ;  partici- 
pated in  the  Wichita  expedition  during  November  and  December, 

1858,  and  served  as  quartermaster  at   Indian ola  from  February, 

1859,  to  February,  1860,  when  be  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort 
Mason,  where  he  had  station  until  January  10,  1861,  and  was 
emploj-ed  during  July  and  August,  1860,  in  an  expedition  to  the 
country  between  tbe  head-waters  of  the  Concho  and  Colorado 
rivers.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  for  one 
year,  and  when  the  Southern  States  began  to  secede  tendered  his 
resignation,  which  was  accepted  February  22,  1861.  He  then 
entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  major  and  commissary  of 
subsistence,  and  attained  the  grade  of  lieutenant-colonel.  After 
the  war  he  engaged  in  an  insurance  business,  and  was  thus  em- 
ployed when  he  died  at  New  York  City  on  the  2d  of  July,  1877. 


13.  George  B.  Cosby  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1852, 
and  assigned  to  the  Mounted  Riflemen  (now  Third  Cavalry)  as 
a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment, 
a  second  lieutenant  September  16,  1853.  He  served  at  Carlisle 
until  May,  1853,  when  he  proceeded  to  Texas  and  joined  his  com- 
pany at  Fort  Ewell  on  the  1st  of  June,  and  served  at  that  station 
until  July,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Merrill,  where  he 
remained  until  September.  He  then  entered  upon  a  tour  of  field- 
service  which  continued  until  June,  1854.  He  fought  and  de- 
feated, on  the  9th  of  May,  1854,  a  party  of  Comanche  warriors 
near  Lake  Trinidad,  forty  miles  north-west  of  Corpus  Christi,  and 
was  severely  wounded  in  the  sabre-arm,  but  retained  the  command 
throughout  the  engagement  and  was  highly  commended  in  orders 
from  the  headquarters  of  the  department  and  of  the  army  for  distin- 
guished gallantry  and  coolness  during  the  combat.     He  commanded 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  471 

his  company  from  June,  1854.  to  January,  1855,  and  was  serving 
at  Port  Clark  when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  1,  1856.  He  reported  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  on  the  30th  of  May,  and  joined  his  company  at  Jeffer- 
son Barracks  on  the  19th  of  June,  where  he  had  station  until 
September,  when  he  was  appointed  an  assistant  instructor  of  cav- 
alry tactics  at  the  Military  Academy,  and  served  in  that  posi- 
tion from  September  20,  1855,  to  January  23,  1857.  He  rejoined 
his  company  at  Camp  Colorado,  Texas,  April  G,  1857,  where 
he  served  until  the  4th  of  June,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  escort  with  Captain  John  Pope,  Topographical 
Engineers,  and  was  thus  employed  until  April  16,  1859,  when  he 
rejoined  his  company  at  Camp  Radziminski,  and  soon  thereafter 
participated  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Small  Creek,  near  the 
Nescutunga,  and  was  commended  in  the  official  report,  and  in 
orders  from  the  headquarters  of  the  department  and  of  the  army, 
for  conspicuous  gallantry. 

He  then  served  at  Camp  Cooper  and  the  Brazos  Agency,  Camp 
Colorado  and  Fort  Mason,  until  the  24th  of  February,  1861, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and,  without 
rejoining  the  regiment,  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was 
accepted  May  10,  1861.  He  was  nominated  to  be  a  captain,  to 
date  from  May  9,  1861  ;  but  when  his  resignation  was  received 
the  nomination  was  withdrawn.  He  entered  the  Confederate 
service  as  a  major  and  assistant  adjutant-general,  served  on  the 
staff  of  General  Buckner,  and  was  captured  at  Fort  Donelson 
and  exchanged.  He  attained  the  grade  of  brigadier-general  and 
served  chiefly  with  the  cavalry.  He  removed  to  the  Pacific  coast 
after  the  war,  and  engaged  in  farming  and  other  civil  pursuits 
until  he  was  appointed  secretary  for  the  State  engineer  of  Cali- 
fornia. He  served  in  that  position  until  January,  1883,  when  he 
was  appointed,  for  the  term  of  four  years,  adjutant-general  of  the 
State  of  California. 


15.  John  B.  Hood  was  born  at  Owensville,  Bath  County,  Ky.. 
June  29,  1831.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy 
on  the  1st  of  July,  1853,  and  assigned  to  the  Fourth  Infantry  as 


472  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and,  after  a  brief  service  at  Fort  Co- 
lumbus, N.  Y.,  joined  his  regiment  at  Fort  Jones,  Cab,  where  his 
most  important  service  was  the  command  of  an  escort  accompa- 
nying Lieutenant  Williamson's  topographical  reconnaissance  in 
1855.  He  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  joined  at 
Jefferson  Barracks  in  October,  and  marched  with  the  regiment  to 
Fort  Mason,  Texas,  where  he  arrived  January  14,  1856.  He  was 
stationed,  during  bis  tour  in  Texas,  at  Fort  Mason  and  Camps  Colo- 
rado, Cooper,  and  Wood,  and  was  chiefly  employed  on  field-service. 
He  was  a  company  commander  for  nearly  three  years,  and  served 
as  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment  from  the  23d  of  February 
to  the  23d  of  June,  1859.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
August  18,  1858,  and  was  commanding  a  company  at  Camp  Wood 
(September,  1860)  when  he  was  selected  for  duty  at  the  Military 
Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor  of  cavalry  tactics  ;  but,  instead 
of  accepting  the  detail,  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
which  he  had  obtained  in  February,  1860,  and  remained  in  Texas 
watching  the  progress  of  the  secession  movement. 

His  services  with  the  regiment  were  highly  creditable  in  every 
respect,  and  the  most  important  event  connected  therewith  is  the 
record  of  his  superb  courage  at  the  head  of  Devil's  River,  Texas, 
July  20,  1857,  where  he  fought  a  force  of  Lipan  and  Comanche 
warriors  outnumbering  his  command  three  to  one.  He  was 
severely  wounded  in  the  sabre-arm  and  suffered  a  loss  of  five  men. 
His  command  killed  ten  warriors  and  wounded  twelve  others.  He 
twice  led  his  small  force  (seventeen  men)  in  mounted  charges  at 
the  enemy  and  into  the  open  jaws  of  death — the  last  charge  with 
pistol  in  hand.  The  daring  and  impetuosity  of  these  charges  so 
completely  demoralized  the  savages  that  they  permitted  him  slowly 
to  withdraw  from  the  unequal  contest  and  did  not  attempt  to  annoy 
his  retreat.  He  attended,  in  March,  1861,  a  conference  of  officers 
at  Fort  Inge,  Texas,  where  he  announced  his  intention  to  resign 
if  Kentucky  should  secede.  On  the  other  hand,  he  advised  the 
enlisted  men  to  remain  faithful  to  their  obligations;  but  he  was 
surely  perplexed  how  to  act  when  the  crisis  came.  He  was  reluc- 
tant to  abandon  the  country;  but  finally,  through  the  persuasions 
of  Southern  friends,  who  were  assisted  by  his  well-known  opinions 
concerning  the  doctrine  of  State  rights,  his  doubts  and  hesitations 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  4r<3 

crystallized  into  a  decisive  action,  and  be  left  the  command  while 
it  was  marching  towards  Indianola,  and,  tendering  bis  resignation, 

which  was  accepted,  to  take  effect  April  1G,  1861,  joined  the 
rebellion  against  the  United  States  and  became  one  of  the  most 
aggressive,  if  not  always  successful,  of  the  Confederate  generals. 

He  was  commissioned  a  first  lieutenant  and  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  cavalry  on  the  Peninsula,  with  the  temporary  rank 
of  a  major  until  an  appointment  to  that  grade  could  be  confirmed 
by  the  Confederate  senate.  After  having  several  encounters  with 
the  National  troops  he  was  promoted,  in  September,  1801,  a  major, 
and  ordered  to  Richmond,  where,  upon  arrival,  he  was  assigned  to 
the  command  of  the  Fourth  Texas  Infantry.  The  Texans  were  un- 
favorably disposed  towards  him,  chiefly  because  he  had  come  from 
the  regular  army  ;  but  his  familiarity  with  the  details  of  organiza- 
tion, together  with  his  manly  bearing  and  decision  of  character, 
soon  convinced  the  officers  and  men  that  he  was  fitted  to  command  ; 
and  it  was  then  an  easy  task  to  bring  his  regiment  to  a  high  state 
of  discipline  and  efficiency.  The  regiment  moved,  in  October, 
1861,  to  Dumfries,  on  Quantico  Creek,  where  it  was  united  with 
the  First  and  Fifth  Texas  Infantry,  and  the  three  regiments  con- 
stituted the  Texas  Brigade  ;  and  on  the  3d  of  March,  1862,  he  was 
assigned  to  the  command,  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general.  He 
participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular  and  Chickahominy  cam- 
paigns, and  on  the  7th  of  May  prevented  the  landing  of  General 
Franklin's  forces  near  West  Point,  on  the  York  River,  thus 
frustrating  General  McClellan's  attempt  to  intercept  General 
Johnston's  retreat  from  Yorktown.  He  participated  in  almost 
every  engagement  in  Virginia  until  General  Longstreet's  corps  was 
dispatched  to  reinforce  General  Bragg,  and  was  conspicuous  at 
Gaines's  Mill,  leading  on  foot  his  brigade  when  it  made  the 
decisive  charge  upon  the  National  works  near  McGee's  house.  In 
the  subsequent  campaign  of  18G2  he  commanded  a  division  ami 
participated  in  the  second  battje  of  Bull  Run,  South  Mountain, 
Antietam,  and  Fredericksburg.  He  won  a  high  reputation  I'm'  skill 
and  daring  at  Gettysburg  by  a  brilliant  and  well-nigh  successful  at- 
tempt to  outflank  one  wing  of  General  Meade's  army,  hut  which  was 
defeated  by  General  Sedgwick's  corps.  He  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  left  arm  at  this  battle  and  never  again  had  perfect  use  of  it. 
He  commanded  the  largest  division  in  General  Longstreet's  corps 


474  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

on  the  second  day  of  the  battle,  and  was  able,  notwithstanding  his 
wound,  to  accompany  the  general,  in  August,  1863,  to  reinforce 
General  Bragg,  who  was  then  preparing  for  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga. He  had  then  attained  the  rank  of  major-general.  He 
has  been  termed  by  the  Confederates  the  hero  of  Chickamauga, 
where  in  that  fiercely  contested  battle  he  received  a  wound  which 
compelled  the  amputation  of  the  right  leg  near  the  hip.  He  was 
promoted  a  lieutenant-general,  to  date  from  the  battle  of  Chicka- 
mauga. 

Within  a  period  of  twenty-eight  months  he  advanced  from  a 
first  lieutenant  to  the  grade  of  lieutenant-general,  and  always  dis- 
played excellent  ability  and  conspicuous  courage  on  the  field  of 
battle.  The  wound  received  at  Chickamauga  disabled  him  for 
several  months,  and  he  made  his  first  appearance  in  public,  after 
losing  the  leg,  at  Eichmond  in  February,  1864,  where  the  citizens 
cheered  him  as  he  rode  through  the  streets.  He  proceeded  to 
North  Carolina  in  March,  1864,  and  assumed  the  command  of  his 
corps,  under  General  Johnston,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of 
Resaca,  Ga.  (wounded  and  had  a  horse  killed  under  him),  and  in 
the  action  near  Marietta,  Ga. 

About  this  time  he  wrote  the  now  historic  letter  urging  the 
junction  of  the  troops  of  Generals  Polk  and  Loring,  and  then, 
uniting  with  General  Longs treet  in  Tennessee,  to  gain  the  rear  of 
the  National  forces  and  drive  them  out  of  Tennessee  and  Kentucky. 
The  Confederate  government  declined  to  act  upon  the  sugges- 
tion, and  General  Johnston  retreated  to  Atlanta  and  was  bitterly 
denounced  for  only  resisting  General  Sherman's  advance  with 
skirmish-lines  and  rear-guards.  This  sentiment  assisted  the  Con- 
federate government  in  its  purpose  to  relieve  General  Johnston 
from  command  by  substituting  in  his  place  "a  fighting  man." 
General  Hood  was  then  understood  as  entertaining  the  opinion 
that  General  Johnston  should  risk  a  battle  instead  of  retreating, 
but  at  a  later  day  he  claimed  that  he  only  urged  the  offensive- 
defensive  policy  instead  of  the  purely  defensive.  The  change  was 
made,  and  General  Hood  succeeded  General  Johnston  in  the  com- 
mand of  the  Confederate  Army  of  the  Tennessee  on  the  18th  of 
July,  1864. 

Atlanta  was  a  magazine  of  founderies,  arsenals,  and  machine- 
shops,    and    its   capture   would    prove    a   terrible   reverse   to    the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  475 

Confederates.  General  Hood  was  not  a  man  of  marked  mental 
capacity,  but  he  was  brave,  aggressive,  and  determined.  It  is 
therefore  apparent  that  the  change  at  this  critical  period  was  a 
proof  of  the  displeasure  of  the  Confederate  government  with  the 
cautious  policy  of  General  Johnston.  It  was  understood  that 
General  Hood  was  bold  even  to  rashness,  and  when  the  change  of 
commanders  was  made  known  to  the  National  army  it  was  at  once 
assumed  that  the  change  meant  fighting,  and  an  order  was  prompt- 
ly issued  directing  the  division  commanders  to  be  always  prepared 
for  battle  in  any  shape. 

The  day  after  General  Hood  succeeded  to  command  he  began 
a  series  of  offensive  operations  in  which  he  was  generally  unsuccess- 
ful. He  fought,  on  the  19th  and  20th  of  July,  the  battle  of  Peach 
Tree  Creek,  where  he  attempted  to  pierce  the  National  centre,  and, 
witli  this  object  in  view,  attacked  General  Hooker's  corps,  together 
with  parts  of  General  Johnson's  division  of  the  Fourteenth  Corps 
and  General  Newton's  division  of  the  Fourth  Corps,  and  was 
repulsed  with  a  severe  loss.  He  fought,  on  the  22d  of  July,  the 
battle  of  Atlanta,  where  he  charged  the  National  lines  seven  times, 
only  to  encounter  seven  disasters,  after  which  he  retired  during 
the  night  within  his  works.  He  made  another  fierce  attack  on  the 
extreme  right  flank  of  the  National  forces  at  half-past  eleven  A.M. 
of  the  28th  of  July,  but  after  charging  General  Logan's  corps 
six  times  without  success  he  withdrew,  at  four  o'clock  p.m.,  from 
the  contest.  After  these  bloody  failures  he  did  not  attempt  to 
meet  the  National  forces  outside  his  works,  but,  resting  behind 
them,  contented  himself  by  repulsing  attacks  upon  his  railway, 
and  he  was  so  successful  in  this  respect  that  it  became  necessary 
to  draw  him  out  for  a  battle,  or  raise  the  siege  and  attack 
his  communications.  Accordingly  a  movement  on  Jonesboro, 
twenty  miles  south  of  Atlanta,  was  begun,  and  after  a  sharp  con- 
flict at  that  place  on  the  31st  of  August,  resulting  in  another 
defeat,  he  evacuated  Atlanta  the  next  day,  and  thereafter  fought 
against  hope,  but  always  stubbornly  and  desperately.  He  was  a 
dangerous  foe  when  in  adversity,  and  no  National  general  regarded 
his  fighting  qualities  with  indifference  because  of  his  repeated 
defeats. 

He  then  undertook  a  dangerous  march  northward,  during  the 
progress   of   which   his   reverses   seemed    curiously   to  affect   his 


478  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

a3tions.  When  he  was  informed,  late  in  September,  18G4,  of  the 
pitiable  condition  of  the  National  soldiers  at  Andersonville,  he 
promptly  granted  General  Sherman's  request  to  pass  a  train  of 
necessary  supplies  through  the  Confederate  lines.  This  was  a 
natural  result  of  his  character — humane  amid  the  carnage  of 
war.  But  when,  on  the  12th  of  October,  1864,  he  demanded 
the  immediate  and  unconditional  surrender  of  Resaca,  Ga.,  and 
announced  if  the  National  commander  should  accede  to  the 
demand  that  all  white  officers  and  soldiers  would  be  paroled,  but 
if  he  should  be  compelled  to  carry  the  place  by  assault  that  no 
prisoners  would  be  taken,  he  placed  on  record  the  only  known 
departure  from  a  life-long  courteous  and  chivalric  character.  It 
is  sufficient  to  write  now  that  he  always  regretted  this  act  of  his 
military  career.  The  surrender  was  not  tendered  and  the  threat- 
ened assault  was  not  made,  but  he  devoted  his  energies  to  the 
destruction  of  the  railway  for  about  twenty  miles  in  the  direction 
of  Union  Hill,  and  thereafter  continued  his  movement  down  the 
valley  of  the  Chattooga,  Avith  the  National  forces  in  pursuit,  which 
was  finally  abandoned  at  Gaylesville,  Ala.  He  continued  his  march 
to  Florence  and  thence  towards  Waynesboro,  thus  turning  the 
National  position  at  Pulaski,  when  General  Schofield  retired  to 
Columbia,  Tenn.  General  Hood  followed  this  movement,  and, 
after  a  skirmish,  began  the  passage  of  Duck  Eiver,  and  on  the 
night  of  the  29th  of  November  the  National  army  passed  Spring 
Hill  and  took  position  at  Franklin  the  next  morning.  General 
Cheatham's  corps  was  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Spring  Hill 
during  this  movement  of  the  National  army,  which  marched  within 
one  mile  of  the  Confederate  lines.  General  Hood  severely  censured 
his  subordinate  for  not  attacking  the  National  troops  in  flank  while 
they  were  in  motion,  and,  hoping  to  pluck  success  from  the  appa- 
rent blunder,  attacked  the  National  position  the  same  day,  light- 
ing with  the  utmost  obstinacy  and  the  greatest  courage.  The 
battle  was  continued  far  into  the  night,  when  General  Hood,  con- 
scious of  defeat,  withdrew  from  the  field  with  a  loss  of  over 
six  thousand  men.  The  National  forces  then  retired  to  Nashville 
without  meeting  with  any  resistance  to  the  movement.  Secretary 
Stanton  considered  Franklin  the  bloodiest  battle  of  the  war. 

On  December  15-10,  1864,  he  fought,  against  General  Thomas, 
the  battle  of  Nashville,  where  he  met  with  a  crashing  and  an  over- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  477 

whelming  defeat,  and  in  the  storm  of  lead  and  iron  hail  of  these 
two  days  the  Confederate  Army  of  the  Tennessee  practically  ended 
its  existence.  This  campaign  also  ended  General  Hood's  military 
career,  and  he  was  relieved  from  command  January  23,  1865, 
at  his  own  request,  and  assumed  in  a  farewell  order  all  the  respon- 
sibility of  the  failures  of  the  campaign  in  these  words  :  4i  1  am 
alone  responsible  for  its  conception  and  strove  hard  for  its  execu- 
tion." It  has  been  written  of  him  that  "he  illustrated  what  is 
most  difficult  in  human  lives — even  manners  and  perfect  self-pos- 
session in  misfortune."  He  was  the  most  unfortunate  of  the 
Confederate  generals,  and  perhaps  least  esteemed  among  the  mili- 
tary leaders  of  the  Rebellion,  but  he  was  among  the  bravest  of  the 
brave.  He  returned  to  Georgia,  where  upon  several  occasions  he 
addressed  the  people  in  public  speeches,  urging  them  to  persevere 
aud  not  surrender  the  hope  of  a  final  success.  But  he  never  again 
appeared  on  the  field  as  a  soldier.  Public  sentiment  was  strongly 
against  him.  He  began  to  charge  the  cause  of  his  failures  upon 
others,  thereby  creating  much  bitter  feeling.  His  campaign,  begin- 
ning at  Atlanta  and  ending  on  the  Tennessee  River,  was  marked 
by  many  fatal  mistakes.  He  ranked  deservedly  high  as  a  skilful 
division  commander,  but  he  seems  to  have  lacked  the  military  genius 
so  essential  for  the  successful  control  of  the  operations  of  an  army. 
But  while  this  is  written  it  must  be  admitted  that  he  was  unfortu- 
nate in  succeeding  to  the  command  of  the  Confederate  Army  of 
the  Tennessee  when  it  was  angered  and  somewhat  demoralized 
because  of  the  removal  of  its  favorite  general.  He  did  not  possess 
the  confidence  of  that  army,  and  his  reverses  utterly  debarred  him 
from  any  possibility  of  winning  it. 

He  selected  New  Orleans  as  his  home  at  the  end  of  the  war, 
where  he  was  engaged  in  commercial  pursuits  and  in  preparing  a 
history  of  his  campaigns  until  August  30,  1879,  when,  at  four  o'clock 
p.m.  of  that  day,  he  passed  away,  a  victim  of  yellow  fever.  His 
wife  had  died  a  few  days  before,  leaving  to  his  care  a  large  family 
of  young  children.  This  affliction,  added  to  business  anxiety  aris- 
ing from  financial  reverses,  seriously  affected  his  physical  strength', 
which  was  already  yielding  to  wounds  received  in  battle,  and  made 
him  an  easy  victim  to  the  dreaded  scourge  of  the  South.  He  was 
buried  on  the  evening  of  the  day  of  his  death.  There  was  no  display, 
and,  as  a  measure  of  precaution,  none  of  the  associations  to  which 


478  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

he  belonged  followed  his  remains  to  the  burial,  but  a  detachment  of 
State  troops  fired  a  salute  over  the  grave  of  the  dead  soldier.  He 
preserved  his  military  character  during  his  last  moments  and  ex- 
pressed himself  in  soldierly  phrases.  He  said  to  his  physician,  "  If 
you  cannot  overcome  the  enemy  do  not  try  any  experiments  "  ;  and 
again,  when  a  favorable  symptom  occurred,  "  We  may  dislodge  and 
rout  the  enemy."  Just  before  he  died  a  delirium  set  in,  and  he  ex- 
pired giving  orders  to  his  columns — a  soldier  in  thought,  feeling, 
and  sentiment  to  the  end.  His  appearance  in  battle  was  inspiring, 
and  his  voice  could  be  heard  above  the  din  of  ordinary  conflict.  He 
was  about  six  feet  in  height,  with  a  long,  brown  beard  flowing  over 
a  broad  chest,  a  quiet  face,  fair  complexion,  light  hair,  blue  eyes,  and 
was  remarkable  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  for  manly  vigor.  His 
courteous  manner  and  genial  disposition  made  him  a  desirable 
man  in  any  community,  and  he  commanded  the  respect  of  all 
men.  Soon  after  the  war  his  friends  proposed  a  subscription  for 
his  benefit,  which  he  declined  in  a  few  plainly  spoken  but  pleasant 
words,  and  announced  his  ability  to  earn  sufficient  money  to  supply 
his  simple  wants.  His  religious  sentiments  and  domestic  virtues 
were  clearly  shown  in  his  daily  life.  While  he  displayed  great  per- 
sonal courage  on  many  of  the  battle-fields  of  the  rebellion,  he 
never  at  any  time  excelled  the  courage  which  he  displayed  at 
the  head  of  Devil's  Eiver,  on  the  lonely  plains  of  Texas,  on  the 
20th  of  July,  1857,  where,  with  pistol  in  hand,  and  in  the  dis- 
charge of  inconspicuous  duty,  he  led  the  brave  troopers  of  Com- 
pany Gr,  of  the  old  Second  Cavalry,  in  an  almost  hopeless 
charge. 


16.  James  B.  Withebell  was  born  in  Michigan,  and  was 
engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  Detroit  when  he  was  appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855.  He  reported  at  Louisville,  Ky.,  in  July,  where  he 
was  employed  on  recruiting  service  until  the  20th  of  August,  when 
he  joined  his  company  at  Jefferson  Barracks,  where  he  served 
until  October.  He  then  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and 
arrived  at  Fort  Mason  January  14,  1856,  where  he  had  station 
until  August,  1858,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Clark  and 
afterwards  served  at  Camps  Verde,  Badziminski,  Cooper,  and  Fort 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFK  J  i:>  479 

Inge.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  28,  1860,  and 
joined  his  company  at  the  cavalry  camp  on  the  Rio  Grande  in 
January,  18G1.  lie  participated,  August  30,  1856,  in  the  combats 
(three)  with  hostile  Indians  near  the  junction  of  the  Pecos  h'iui 
and  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  December  21,  1850,  after  a  tedious 
pursuit  for  three  days,  overtook  and  defeated  a  party  of  Mesca- 
lero  Apaches  who  had  posted  themselves  in  a  dense  chaparral  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande.  He  engaged  a  band  of  hostile 
Apaches,  after  a  pursuit  for  four  days,  November  8,  1857,  at  a 
place  seventy  miles  north-east  of  the  Nueces,  where  he  defeated 
the  enemy  (wounded)  and  captured  their  property,  together  with  a 
number  of  mules  which  they  had  stolen  a  few  days  before.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Small  Creek,  near  the 
Nescutnnga,  May  13,  1859.  He  was  frequently  commended  in 
official  reports  and  orders  for  conspicuous  gallantry  and  energy 
in  combats  with  the  enemy.  When  the  State  was  surrendered  to 
the  insurgents  he  moved  from  the  cavalry  camp  near  the  Rio 
Grande  on  the  20th  of  March,  1861,  and  embarked  on  the  steam- 
boat Mustang,  and  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  on  the  evening 
of  that  day.  He  remained  on  the  boat,  as  arrangements  had  heen 
made  to  transfer  the  troops  to  the  steamship  Arizona  the  next 
morning  and  proceed  to  Indianola.  He  fell  overboard  during  the 
night  and  was  swiftly  carried  seaward  by  the  current  and  drowned. 
The  body  was  not  recovered.  The  accident  was  probably  due 
to  the  fact  that  he  was  near-sighted  and  the  boat  was  of  light 
draught,  with  the  deck  close  to  the  water  and  without  guards. 
He  sleeps  in 

"  A  solemn  graveyard  where  mortals  never  tread, 

Where  stand  no  marble  monuments  to  mark  the  nameless  dead; 
But  never  yet  was  graveyard  so  quiet  and  serene, 
No  churchyard  half  so  peaceful,  no  hillside  half  so  green." 


17.  Joseph  F.  Minter  was  born  in  Matthews  County,  Ya. 
He  removed,  in  1838,  when  quite  a  youth,  to  Texas,  and  was 
employed  in  a  mercantile  establishment  in  Galveston  until  the 
beginning  of  the  war  with  Mexico,  when  he  volunteered  in  a  com- 
pany leaving  that  city  to  join  General  Taylor,  and  was  mustered 
into   the   service  with   the   First   Texas   Rifles    (commanded    by 


480  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Colonel  Albert  Sidney  Johnston),  and  served  to  Camargo,  where  the 
regiment  was  discharged  on  the  24th  of  August,  1846.  He  then 
joined  Captain  Ben.  McCulloch's  Spy  Company,  and  served  with  the 
advance  of  General  Taylor's  army  during  the  movement  against 
Monterey,  and  was  severely  wounded  at  that  place.  He  afterwards 
served  with  the  Texas  troops  on  the  northern  frontier,  and  was 
employed  as  a  quartermaster's  agent  during  the  movement  of  the 
Third  Infantry  to  El  Paso  in  1849,  when  the  United  States  troops 
first  occupied  that  section  of  country.  He  was  employed,  during 
1850-52,  as  an  assistant  engineer,  under  Captain  Joseph  E.  John- 
ston, on  exploring  expeditions,  surveying  wagon  roads,  and  locating 
the  sites  for  military  posts  in  Texas,  and  during  parts  of  the  years 
1853-54  was  employed  in  the  same  capacity  under  First  Lieutenant 
George  B.  McClellan  in  surveying  the  rivers  and  harbors  of  Texas, 
and  accompanied  that  officer,  by  authority  of  the  War  Depart- 
ment, as  an  assistant  engineer  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway 
surveys  in  Oregon  and  Washington  Territories.  He  was  deputy 
United  States  surveyor  of  public  lands  in  California  during  parts 
of  the  years  1854-55  under  the  surveyor-general  of  that  State,  and 
was  thus  employed  when  he  was  appointed,  from  Washington 
Territory,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  March  3,  1855. 

He  joined  the  regiment  at  Jefferson  Barracks  on  the  6th  of 
October,  and  marched  with  it  to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Camp 
Cooper  January  3,  1856,  where  he  served  as  commissary  and 
cpiartermaster  until  September  30,  1856.  He  was  regimental 
quartermaster  from  October  1,  1856,  to  March  31,  1861,  and 
served  as  commissary  and  quartermaster  at  San  Antonio,  Forts 
Mason  and  Belknap,  and  Camp  Cooper  until  February  11,  1861, 
being  detached  at  Galveston  during  October  and  November,  1857, 
purchasing  horses  for  the  regiment,  and  on  a  similar  duty  at  Fort 
Smith,  Ark.,  during  November  and  December,  1858.  He  also 
served  as  acting  regimental  adjutant  from  the  23d  of  June  to  the 
31st  of  August,  1859,  and  participated  in  the  Cimarron  expedition 
during  October  and  November.  1859.  He  was  promoted  a  first 
lieutenant  January  31,  1861,  and  on  the  11th  of  February  availed 
himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  ;  but  when  the  Southern  States  began 
to  secede  he  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  date 
from  March  31,1861.      He  then  entered  the  Confederate  service, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  481 

and  was  chief  quartermaster  (with  the  rank  of  colonel)  of  the 
Trans-Mississippi  Department  until  November,  18G3,  when  he 
was  sent  to  Europe  as  an  agent  for  the  Confederate  government, 
and  intrusted  with  the  transaction  of  important  business  con- 
nected with  his  department.  He  remained  abroad  until  the  end 
of  the  war,  when  he  returned  to  San  Antonio,  Texas,  wbere  be  bas 
since  been  engaged  in  banking  and  mercantile  pursuits.  He  is  a 
man  of  marked  industry,  integrity,  and  sound  business  judgment, 
and  enjoys  the  respect  and  good-will  of  those  wbo  know  him. 


18.  Charles  W.  Phifer  was  born  in  Tennessee,  and  was  ap- 
pointed, from  Mississippi,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  reported  at 
Louisville,  Ky.,  in  April,  where  he  was  employed  on  recruiting 
service  until  the  5th  of  June,  when  he  joined  his  company  at 
Jefferson  Barracks.  He  marched  with  the  regiment  in  October  to 
Texas,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Cooper  January  3,  1856,  where  he  had 
station  until  July,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Camp  Colorado  and 
afterwards  served  at  Forts  Mason  and  Belknap  and  Camp  Radzi- 
minski.  He  participated  in  the  expedition  to  the  head-waters  of 
the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers  during  the  summer  of  1856,  in  the 
Wichita  expedition  of  1858,  in  the  Cimarron  expedition  of  1859, 
and  was  distinguished  for  gallantry  in  the  brilliant  action  at 
Wichita  Village,  October  1,  1858,  where  he  killed  two  warriors  in 
hand-to-hand  conflicts.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  Feb- 
ruary 22,  1861,  and  when  the  Southern  States  began  to  secede 
tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  date  from  April 
1,  1861.  He  then  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  major  of 
cavalry  and  served  chiefly  in  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department, 
where  he  attained  the  grade  of  colonel  and  commanded  a  brigade. 
After  the  war  he  returned  to  Texas  and  finally  located  at  Brown- 
wood,  where  he  was  employed  as  a  school-teacher  in  1876. 


20.  A.  Parker  Porter  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1835.    He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1856, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
Si 


482  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

tenant.  There  was  quite  a  rivalry  in  the  class  of  1856  to  secure 
assignments  to  the  regiment,  and  Porter,  having  a  high  class 
standing,  won  on  that  merit.  He  joined  his  company  at  Camp 
Colorado,  Texas,  on  the  13th  of  December,  and  three  days  later 
participated  in  an  expedition  against  Saneco's  band  of  Comanches, 
and  distinguished  himself  in  a  stubborn  fight  with  a  part  of  the 
band  on  the  22d  near  the  head-waters  of  the  main  Concho.  He 
served  at  Camp  Colorado  until  July,  1858,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Fort  Belknap  and  thence  to  Fort  Chadbourne,  where  he  arrived 
in  August  and  served  until  September.  He  then  participated  in 
the  Wichita  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action 
at  Wichita  Village,  October  1,  1858,  and  was  commended  in  the 
official  reports  and  orders  for  conspicuous  gallantry.  He  then  had 
station  at  Camp  Radziminski  until  June,  1859,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  Camp  Cooper,  and  soon  thereafter  availed  himself  of  ;i 
leave  of  absence  until  April,  1860,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty 
with  a  detachment  of  recruits,  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort 
Mason  in  June,  1860,  where  he  served,  with  occasional  tours  of 
field-service,  until  March  29,  1861,  when,  the  State  having  been 
surrendered  to  the  insurgents,  he  marched  to  Indianola  and  em- 
barked with  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment  on  the  steam- 
ship Empire  City  just  in  time  to  escape  capture,  and  arrived  at 
Carlisle  Barracks  on  the  27th  of  April,  1861.  He  was  promoted  a 
first  lieutenant  March  20,  1861,  and  served  as  regimental  quarter- 
master from  the  1st  of  April  to  the  3d  of  August,  1861.  He  was 
employed  in  purchasing  horses  for  the  regiment  until  June,  when 
ho  participated  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign  as 
acting  assistant  adjutant-general  for  Colonel  George  H.  Thomas, 
commanding  a  brigade,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling 
Waters  and  in  the  skirmishes  near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill. 
He  was  appointed  a  commissary  of  subsistence,  with  the  rank 
of  captain,  to  date  from  August  3, 1861,  and  resigned  his  regimental 
commission,  to  date  from  January  15,  1862.  He  served  as  an 
assistant  commissary  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  in  the  defenses 
of  Washington  from  August,  1861,  to  March,  1862,  and  afterwards, 
in  the  same  position,  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and 
Maryland  campaigns  of  1862.  He  was  appointed  a  commissary  of 
•subsistence  of  volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-colonel,  to 
date  from  August  20,  1862,  and  served  in  that  grade  until  July  3, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  483 

1865,  and  was  employed  in  the  Rappahannock  campaign,  Decem- 
ber, 1862-June,  1863  ;  at  Alexandria,  Ya.,  July-October,  1863  :  as 
chief  commissary,  Department  of  the  Cumberland,  from  Novem- 
ber, 1863,  to  February,  1805  ;  as  chief  commissary,  Department  of 
Arkansas,  State  of  Arkansas  and  the  Indian  Territory,  from  De- 
cember, 1865,  to  August  15,  1866,  when  he  died  of  disease  at  Little 
Rock,  Ark.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion. 


22.  Fitzhugh  Lee  was  born  at  Clermont,  Fairfax  County,  Va. 
His  father  (the  third  son  of  General  Harry  Lee  and  a  brother  of 
General  Robert  E.  Lee)  was  a  captain  in  the  United  States  navy. 
His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  General  John  Mason  and  a  sister  to 
James  M.  Mason,  formerly  a  United  States  Senator  from  Virginia, 
and  who  represented  the  Confederate  government  in  England 
during  the  rebellion  against  the  United  States.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1856,  and 
assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant.  He  was  promoted  a  second  lieutenant  January  1,  1858, 
and  a  first  lieutenant  March  31,  1861.  In  the  class  of  1856 
there  was  much  rivalry  to  secure  assignments  to  the  regiment. 
Fitzhugh  Lee,  unlike  his  distinguished  uncle,  who  never  received  a 
demerit,  managed  to  score  nearly  the  maximum  number  ;  but  he 
was  graduated  at  the  head  of  his  class  in  horsemanship,  which 
secured  a  favorable  action  upon  his  application.  He  served  at 
Carlisle  until  January,  1858,  when  he  proceeded  to  Texas  and 
joined  his  company  on  the  18th  of  February.  He  had  stations 
at  Forts  Inge  and  Mason  and  Camps  Radziminski,  Cooper,  and 
Colorado,  and  was  actively  employed  against  hostile  Indians,  and 
was  engaged  (adjutant  of  the  expedition)  in  the  brilliant  action 
at  Small  Creek,  near  the  Nescutunga,  May  13,  1859,  where  he 
volunteered  to  lead  a  charging  party  against  the  Indians,  who  had 
posted  themselves  in  a  dense  thicket  for  a  desperate  struggle  ;  and, 
after  killing  several  warriors  in  hand-to-hand  encounters,  he  fell 
towards  the  end  of  the  action,  pierced  through  the  right  lung 
with  an  arrow.  He  was  transported  over  two  hundred  miles, 
on  a  horse  litter,  to  Camp  Radziminski,  suffering  intensely  from 


484  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

internal  hemorrhage,  and  for  weeks  the  surgeons  feared  that  he 
would  not  recover.  He  was  highly  commended  in  the  official 
report,  in  orders  from  the  headquarters  of  the  Department  of 
Texas,  and  by  General  Scott  for  conspicuous  gallantry  upon  that 
occasion.  He  was  also  highly  commended  in  orders  from  the 
headquarters  of  the  army  for  conspicuous  good  conduct  in  an 
affair  (commanding)  with  hostile  Comanches  near  Pecan  Bayou, 
January  15,  1860,  where  he  defeated  the  enemy,  captured  their 
horses,  and  killed  a  warrior  in  a  hand-to-hand  encounter.  His  last 
tour  of  field-service  in  Texas  was  during  July  and  August,  1860, 
when  he  commanded  a  company  in  Major  Thomas'  expedition  to 
the  head-waters  of  the  Concho  and  Colorado  rivers.  Upon  the 
completion  of  this  duty  he  returned  to  his  station  at  Camp 
Colorado,  and  soon  thereafter  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence 
until  the  29th  of  December,  when  he  was  appointed  an  assistant 
instructor  of  cavalry  tactics  at  the  Military  Academy  and  served  in 
that  position  until  the  3d  of  May,  1861. 

Soon  after  the  ordinance  of  secession  was  adopted  by  the 
Virginia  Convention  he  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was 
accepted,  to  date  from  May  21,  1861,  and  at  once  entered  the 
Confederate  army  and  served  as  assistant  adjutant-general  for 
General  Ewell  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Eun.  He  was  appointed,  in 
September,  1861,  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  First  Virginia  Cavalry, 
and  in  April,  1862,  was  promoted  to  the  colonelcy  of  that  regiment, 
which  he  held  until  July,  1862,  when  he  was  ap])ointed  a  brigadier- 
general,  and,  in  recognition  of  distinguished  services  during  the 
Pennsylvania  campaign,  he  was  promoted,  in  November,  1863,  a 
major-general.  He  was  conspicuous  in  the  operations  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia  and  was  engaged  in  the  principal 
movements  and  battles  of  that  army,  among  which  may  be  named 
the  retreat  from  Yorktown,  where  he  gave  the  first  information  of 
General  Franklin's  movement  up  the  York  Biver  which  frustrated 
the  proposed  flank  attack  on  General  Johnston's  army  ;  the  battle 
of  Williamsburg  and  resisting  the  National  advance  towards  Rich- 
mond ;  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House  ;  in  General  Stuart's 
celebrated  raid  (as  colonel  First  Virginia  Cavalry)  around  the 
National  army  in  June,  1862,  including  the  brilliant  dash  at  Old 
Church,  where  he  bad  an  action  with  a  part  of  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry  ;  the  battles  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Malvern  Hill,  second 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  485 

Bull  Run,  South  Mountain,  and  Antietam,  where  he  was  specially 
selected,  with  his  command,  to  relieve  the  infantry  pickets  and 
hold  the  Confederate  lines  until  the  army  could  recross  the 
Potomac,  which  was  a  difficult,  dangerous,  and  delicate  duty,  as 
the  river  was  three  miles  to  his  rear  and  the  pickets  to  he  relieved 
along  the  extended  front  were  within  sight  of  the  National  army; 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  ;  the  actions  at  Culpepper  Court- 
House  and  Kelly's  Ford  ;  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville— where  he 
was  selected  to  precede  and  mask  General  Jackson's  famous  flank 
movement,  and  where  his  personal  reconnaissance  caused  General 
Jackson  to  attack  by  the  old  turnpike  instead  of  the  plank-road,  on 
which  he  had  intended  to  move,  and  which  would  have  led  him 
in  front  of  General  Howard's  lines,  while  the  turnpike  led  him 
behind  them  ;  after  making  the  reconnaissance  he  sought  General 
Jackson  with  the  utmost  dispatch  and  conducted  him  to  the  top 
of  a  hill  from  which  a  view  of  the  rear  of  General  Howard's  right 
flank  was  obtained,  when  General  Jackson  instantly  recognized  the 
great  value  of  the  information  thus  acquired  and  acted  accordingly  ; 
the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  the  action  at  Hanover,  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  the  subsequent  operations  of  the  Pennsylvania  cam- 
paign and  the  retreat  into  Virginia,  being  assigned  at  Wil- 
liamsport  to  duty  similar  to  that  discharged  at  Antietam  ;  the 
battles  of  Brandy  Station  and  Todd's  Tavern,  and  it  was  due  to 
the  obstinate  fighting  of  his  command  that  the  march  of  the 
National  army  on  Spottsylvania  Court-House  was  delayed  until 
the  Confederate  army  had  arrived  at  that  strategic  point  ;  the 
actions  at  Beaver  Dam,  Hanover  Court-House,  and  Ashland  ;  the 
battles  of  Yellow  Tavern  and  Ream's  Station;  the  action  at 
Meadow  Bridge  ;  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  where  he  was  again 
conspicuous  in  securing  for  the  Confederate  army  the  position 
which  was  sought  by  both  combatants ;  and  the  battles  of 
Trevillian   Station  and  Deep  Bottom. 

He  then  participated  in  the  campaign  in  the  Shenandoah 
Valley  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1864,  and  was  desperately 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Winchester,  where,  after  three  horses 
had  been  shot  under  him,  he  fell,  pierced  through  the  thigh  with  a 
minie-ball,  and  was  disabled  for  field-service  until  the  spring  of 
1865,  when  he  was  summoned  to  Richmond  and  assigned  to  the 
commaud  of  the  cavalry  corps  of  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia, 


4S6  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  became  conspicuous  for  his  energy,  sound  judgment,  and 
gallantry  in  front  of  Petersburg  and  at  the  battles  of  Five  Forks 
and  Dinwiddie  Court-House,  and  during  the  retreat  (commanding 
a  rear-guard)  which  terminated  in  the  surrender  of  the  Army 
of  Northern  Virginia  at  Appomattox  Court-House  on  the  9th  of 
April,  1865.  He  was  one  of  the  three  corps  commanders  who, 
with  General  Lee,  composed  the  council  of  war  just  before  the 
surrender,  and  during-  those  eventful  days  he  won  the  commen- 
dation of  the  highest  authority  in  the  Confederate  government, 
who  said  that  he  was  a  worthy  successor  to  General  J.  E.  B. 
Stuart,  and  that  when  he  rode  with  Stuart  he  was  the  equal 
of  his  commander.  He  was  uniformly  successful  during  his  career 
in  the  Confederate  army,  winning  many  victories  and  sustaining 
only  a  few  repulses  when  he  was  in  command.  He  displayed 
none  of  the  animosities  of  the  war,  but  fought  as  the  champion 
of  a  cause  rather  than  as  a  personal  enemy.  This  distinctive  trait 
in  his  character  was  generously  displayed  at  the  second  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  where,  having  captured  a  squadron  of  regular  cavalry, 
he  discovered  some  old  friends  among  the  officers,  and,  taking  their 
word  that  they  would  not  escape,  entertained  them  as  guests  at  his 
headquarters  for  several  days,  and  finally  had  them  paroled  and 
returned  to  the  National  army. 

That  a  high  class  standing  does  not  always  indicate  the  future 
successful  soldier  has  often  been  proved.  The  case  of  Fitzhugh 
Lee  is  almost  the  same  as  that  of  Custer.  Lee's  class  graduated 
forty-nine  men,  of  which  number  forty-four  were  above  him.  He 
is  brave  to  a  fault,  having  a  quick  but  placable  temper,  while  his 
social  qualities  make  him  a  popular  man  and  a  choice  companion. 
He  is  an  excellent  soldier  and  was  one  of  the  best  major-generals 
in  the  Confederate  army.  He  unhesitatingly  accepted  the  results 
of  the  war  and  returned  to  his  home  in  Stafford  Co.,  Va.,  where 
he  is  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits,  and  has  a  lively  interest, 
as  a  citizen,  in  the  public  affairs  of  the  State.  He  was  president 
of  a  convention  held  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  in  December,  1878,  for 
the  promotion  of  American  commerce,  and  has  been  often  named 
during  the  past  few  years  in  connection  with  a  possible  nomination 
for  the  goverornship  of  Virginia. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  487 

23.  Manning  M.  Kimmel  (a  son  of  Governor  Singleton  M. 
Kimmel,    of   Missouri)  was  born  in   Missouri.      He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July.  1857,  and  as- 
signed to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second  lieu- 
tenant, and  served  at  Carlisle  until  April  24,  1858,  when  he  was 
transferred    in    the   same   grade    to    the   First    (present   Fourth) 
Cavalry  and  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits  to  Camp  Floyd, 
Utah,   marching   across  the   plains  with  the   column  under   the 
command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Pitcairn  Morrison,  Seventh   In- 
fantry.     He  served  at  Camp  Floyd  with  the  Second  Dragoons 
until  November,  when,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  August  18,  1858, 
he  proceeded,  by  stage,  to  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  thence,  after 
many  vexatious  delays,  to  Texas,  and  joined  his  company  at  Camp 
Radziminski  on  the  10th  of  February,  1859.     He  had  stations  at 
Camp  Radziminski,  the  Brazos  Agency,  Camps  Cooper  and  Colo- 
rado, Fort  Inge,  and  at  various  places  on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  was 
a  company  commander  during  the  entire  period  of  his  service  with 
the  regiment.     He  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Small 
Creek,  near  the  Nescutunga,  May  13,  1859,  and  was  highly  com- 
mended in  reports  and  orders  for  conspicuous  gallantry  and  energy. 
He  was  employed,   in  August,  1859,  escorting  Indians  from  the 
Brazos  Agency  to  Fort  Cobb,  and  served  with  the  Cimarron  expe- 
dition during  October  and  November,  1859.     He  was  transferred, 
in  February,    1860,  to   the  Rio  Grande   to   operate   against   the 
Mexican  marauders  under  Cortinas,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action 
at  La  Mesa,  Mex.,  March  16,  1860.     He  continued  to  serve  on 
the  Rio  Grande  until  the  State  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents, 
when  he  moved  from  Brazos  Santiago   on    the  20th  of   March, 
1861,  and,  embarking  on  the  steamboat  Mustang,  arrived  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  on  the  evening  of  the  same  day,  and  sailed 
thence  on  the  steamship  Arizona  to  Indianola.     He  then  marched 
to  Green  Lake,  where  he  joined  the  first  detachment  of  the  regi- 
ment, and  a  few  days  later  returned  to  Indianola  and  embarked 
on  the  steamship  Coatzacoalcos  and  sailed  for  New  York,  whence 
he   proceeded    to   Carlisle,   where  he   arrived    on    the    13th    of 
April,   1861,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
April  1,  1861.     When  his  company  was  remounted  he  marched 
to  Washington  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city,  and  partici- 


488  MILITAKY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

pated  in  the  Manassas  campaign  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of 
Bull  Run,  where  he  won  the  commendation  of  his  brigade  com- 
mander for  gallant  conduct.  He  then  returned  to  the  defenses  of 
Washington  and  tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted, 
to  date  from  August  14,  1861. 

He  then  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  a  major  of  cavalry, 
and  served  as  a  staff  officer  with  General  Ben.  McCulloch  at 
the  battle  of  Elkhorn,  Ark.  He  then  joined  General  Van  Dorn 
in  the  Trans-Mississippi  Department,  where  he  served  as  chief  of 
staff  until  the  general  was  killed  in  Maury  County,  Tenn.,  on  the 
8th  of  May,  1863,  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Pea  Ridge  ; 
the  defense  of  Vicksburg,  June-July,  1862  ;  the  battle  of  Corinth, 
December  6,  1862;  the  combat  at  Holly  Springs,  the  battle  of 
Franklin,  Tenn.,  and  other  actions  of  less  importance.  He  was 
then  appointed,  by  the  Confederate  authorities,  adjutant-general 
of  Missouri,  and  held  the  position  for  several  months.  He  served 
for  a  short  time  on  the  staff  of  General  Edmund  K.  Smith,  and 
thereafter  with  General  Sterling  Price  during  his  last  raid  in  Mis- 
souri, and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  which  were  fought  during 
that  movement.  He  then  joined  General  John  B.  Magruder  and 
served  as  adjutant-general  until  the  end  of  the  war,  when  he 
emigrated  to  the  city  of  Mexico,  where  he  remained  about  one  year, 
when  he  returned  to  Missouri  and  proceeded  thence  to  Henderson, 
Ky.,  where  he  has  been  employed  for  years  as  superintendent  of  the 
St.  Bernard  Coal  Company  at  the  St.  Charles  mines  in  Kentucky. 


25.  John  J.  Sweet  was  born  in  Illinois  in  1838.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1860, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant.  He  served  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  until  November,  and, 
while  en  route  to  join  the  regiment  in  Texas,  was  taken  sick  at 
Fort  Leavenworth,  where  he  remained  until  May,  1861.  He 
then  proceeded  to- Washington,  where  he  served  until  August, 
when  he  joined  the  regiment  at  Darnestown,  Md.  He  was 
promoted  a  second  lieutenant  January  31,  1861,  and  a  first  lieu- 
tenant April  16,  1861,  and  was  a  company  commander  from 
September  1,  1861,  to  June  27,  1862.  He  participated  in  the 
Manassas  campaign  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Run, 


MILITAEY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  489 

where  lie  won  the  commendation  of  his  brigade  commander  for 
daring  intrepidity.  He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
during  the  winter  of  1861-G2,  and  participated  in  the  Manassas 
and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skir- 
mish at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williams- 
burg and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the 
advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court  House, 
the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  and  the  battle  of  Gaines's 
Mill,  where  he  was  killed  (June  27,  18G2)  while  gallantly  leading 
his  company  in  a  charge  against  the  enemy.  He  was  attentive  to 
duty,  brave  in  action,  and  gave  promise  of  a  brilliant  career  when 
he  met  a  soldier's  death  at  the  early  age  of  twenty-four  years. 
Camp  Sweet,  near  Raleigh,  K  C,  which  was  occupied  by  a  squad- 
ron of  the  regiment  during  18G6-68,  was  named  in  his  honor. 


26.  William  0.  Williams  was  born  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, July  7,  1839.  He  was  a  son  of  Captain  William  G.  Williams, 
of  the  Topographical  Engineers,  who  was  mortally  wounded  at  the 
battle  of  Monterey,  Mexico  ;  a  brother  of  Major  Lawrence  A.  Wil- 
liams, of  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  and  a  lineal  descendant  of  the  wife  of 
General  Washington. 

He  was  educated  at  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  manifested  a  strong 
desire  to  go  to  the  Military  Academy,  which  could  not  be  gratified,  as 
an  elder  brother  (Lawrence  A.)  was  already  a  cadet  at  that  institu- 
tion. He  was  in  the  service  of  the  Coast  Survey  at  the  beginning  of 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and,  having  offered  his  services  to  the  gov- 
ernment, was  appointed,  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March 
23,  1861,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  April  25,  1861.  He 
joined  his  company  on  the  16th  of  April  and  served  in  the  defenses 
of  Washington  until  the  22d  of  May,  when,  having  been  warned  to 
discontinue  visits  of  a  social  nature  to  Arlington,  Va.,  for  fear 
that  he  might  unintentionally  convey  valuable  information  to  the 
enemy,  and  having  been  detected  in  clandestinely  continuing 
them  after  he  had  promised  not  to  go  there,  he  was  placed  in 
arrest  and  sent  to  Governor's  Island,  N.  Y.,  where  he  was  held 
until  any  information  which  he  might  have  acquired  concerning 
the  intentions  of  the  government  would  have  been  useless  to  the 


490  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

enemy.  He  was  then  released  and  ordered  to  rejoin  his  command 
at  Washington,  but  immediately  tendered  his  resignation,  which 
was  accepted  June  10,  1861. 

He  then  entered  the  Confederate  army  as  a  colonel  of  artillery, 
and  was  assigned  to  duty  witli  General  Polk  in  Western  Kentucky. 
His  impulsive  temperament  involved  him  in  a  difficulty  which 
resulted  in  the  death  of  a  soldier  and  made  him  very  unpopular ; 
and,  although  he  displayed  great  courage  at  the  battle  of  Shiloh 
some  months  afterwards,  it  was  deemed  best  to  transfer  him  to  the 
staff  of  General  Bragg,  then  commanding  the  Confederate  army 
in  Tennessee. 

Generals  Rosecrans  and  Bragg  were  operating  against  each 
other  in  Tennessee  in  June,  1863.  The  right  of  the  National 
army  rested  on  Franklin,  which  was  commanded  by  Fort  Granger. 
The  headquarters  were  at  Murfreesboro  and  a  division  was  at 
Triune.  The  army  was  disposed  in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  of 
which  Nashville,  the  base  of  supplies,  was  the  apex,  while  Franklin 
and  Murfreesboro  occupied  the  other  angles.  Colonel  Louis  D. 
Watkins  (captain  Fifth  Cavalry),  Sixth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  was 
encamped  with  his  regiment  about  four  hundred  yards  from  Fort 
Granger  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Harpeth  Eiver.  A  Confederate 
force  under  General  Van  Dorn  was  encamped  at  Spring  Hill  and 
Columbia,  directly  south  of  Franklin,  and  General  John  Morgan 
was  organizing  an  army  at  Lebanon. 

It  was  the  purpose  of  the  enemy  to  attack  General  Rosecrans 
at  Murfreesboro  and  destroy  his  communication  with  Nashville, 
and  then  capture,  in  detail,  the  National  army.  The  first  and 
most  important  part  of  this  plan  was  the  capture  of  Fort  Granger  ; 
and  the  place  was  accordingly  invested,  and  heavy  skirmishing  had 
been  going  on  for  several  days,  when  Colonel  Williams  (who  had 
changed  his  name  when  he  joined  the  Confederate  army,  signing 
himself  as  L.  Orton  Williams,  and  occasionally  as  William  L. 
Orton)  conceived  the  plan  of  entering  *the  fort  as  an  inspecting 
officer  of  the  United  States  army,  and  thus  obtain  information  which 
would  enable  the  Confederates  to  capture  the  works.  He  induced 
a  cousin,  serving  as  a  lieutenant  on  the  staff-  of  General  Wheeler, 
to  join  him  in  the  hazardous  undertaking. 

They  presented  themselves  at  the  entrance  to  the  fortification 
on  the  afternoon  of  the  8th  of  June,  1S63,  wearing  the  National 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  491 

uniform  and  having  on  their  persons  forged  papers  which  repre- 
sented Colonel  Williams  to  be  Colonel  Lawrence  W.  Anton,  a 
special  inspector-general  of  the  United  States  army,  and  detailed 
by  the  War  Department  to  minutely  inspect  the  departments  of 
the  Ohio  and  of  the  Cumberland.  His  cousin  was  represented  to 
be  Major  George  Dunlop,  assistant  quartermaster,  United  Slates 
army,  and  his  assistant.  Their  passes  purported  to  be  signed  by 
General  James  A.  Garfield,  chief  of  staff  for  General  Rosecrans, 
and  directed  all  commanding  officers  to  pass  them  without  delay 
and  aid  them  in  the  execution  of  their  duties  to  the  best  of  their 
ability.  They  were  promptly  admitted  and  proceeded  to  make  a 
thorough  inspection  of  the  works.  Colonel  Williams,  with  the 
utmost  sang-froid,  stated,  during  the  progress  of  the  inspection, 
that  they  were  surprised  by  the  enemy  while  taking  dinner  near 
Eagleville  and  had  barely  escaped  with  their  lives,  and  were 
destitute  of  money  and  necessary  articles  of  clothing,  and  requested 
a  loan  of  fifty  dollars,  which  was  promptly  advanced  by  the  com- 
mandant. 

They  manifested  no  haste  to  take  their  departure  upon  the 
completion  of  the  inspection,  but  accepted  refreshments,  and,  after 
a  pleasant  conversation,  mounted  their  horses  and  started  on  the 
road  towards  Nashville.  Just  as  they  were  leaving  the  fort 
Colonel  Watkins  arrived  on  horseback,  and  as  he  passed  Williams 
a  consciousness  of  recognition  came  over  him,  although  he  was,  at 
the  moment,  unable  to  place  the  man.  He  passed  on,  the  usual 
salutations  being  exchanged,  and,  meeting  the  commandant,  in- 
quired who  they  were,  and  was  informed  that  they  were  inspecting 
officers  of  the  United  States  army.  Colonel  Watkins  was  famous 
for  a  remarkably  developed  faculty  of  remembering  and  locating 
faces,  and  as  the  answer  was  made  he  expressed  surprise  that 
they  had  not  inspected  his  command,  and  almost  instantly  the 
light  of  a  great  peril  flashed  upon  his  mind  as  he  exclaimed  :  "  I 
think  I  recognize  one  of  the  men  as  a  former  officer  in  my  regular 
regiment,  who  resigned  in  1861  and  entered  the  Confederate  ser- 
vice." After  a  moment's  consultation  he  started,  with  an  orderly, 
in  pursuit,  and  overtook  them  about  half  a  mile  from  the  fort,  and, 
without  betraying  any  excitement,  requested  them  to  return,  as 
the  commandant  desired  to  consult  them  concerning  an  important 
matter  which  he  had  unintentionally  neglected  to  mention  during 


492  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  inspection.  The  spies  seemed  for  a  moment  to  have  some 
misgivings,  but  being  lulled  into  a  feeling  of  security  by  the  easy 
and  indifferent  manner  of  Colonel  Watkins,  and  eager  to  secure 
the  supposed  valuable  information,  they  turned  their  horses  and 
returned  to  certain  capture.  As  they  approached  the  encamp- 
ment of  the  Sixth  Kentucky  Cavalry  Colonel  Watkins  proposed  to 
dismount  at  his  tent  and  he  would  send  for  the  commandant.  If 
any  suspicions  had  lingered  in  the  minds  of  these  men  this  sugges- 
tion instantly  dispelled  them,  and  they  rode,  in  the  best  of  humor, 
into  the  encampment,  dismounted,  and  entered  the  tent,  where 
a  guard,  without  their  knowledge,  instantly  surrounded  them. 
After  some  time  Williams  raised  the  door  of  the  tent,  and,  looking 
out,  discovered  the  situation,  and  demanded  to  know  the  meaning  of 
the  arrest,  and  was  informed  that  they  were  suspected  and  would 
be  required  to  prove  their  representations.  They  acted  their  parts 
with  great  skill,  protested  against  the  outrage,  and  threatened  to 
have  Colonel  Watkins  dismissed  from  the  service  for  his  conduct. 
Meanwhile  the  commandant  had  telegraphed  to  Murfreesboro  for 
information,  and  was  informed  that  no  such  officers  were  known 
in  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland.  He  then  proceeded  to  Colonel 
Watkins's  tent,  where  a  search  of  their  persons  clearly  revealed 
their  true  characters.  The  commandant  said,  "  This  is  a  very 
bold  game  you  have  been  playing,"  and  Colonel  Williams  coolly 
answered,  "  Yes,  and  it  came  near  being  a  perfect  success."  And 
from  that  moment  their  guilt  was  not  denied.  A  report  covering 
the  facts  was  then  telegraphed  to  Murfreesboro,  and  an  order  was 
returned  to  convene  a  drum-head  court-martial  for  the  trial  of  the 
prisoners,  and,  if  they  were  found  guilty,  to  execute  them  without 
delay.  The  court-martial  was  at  once  convened,  and  in  the  silent 
hours  of  the  night  the  prisoners,  convicted  upon  their  own  con- 
fessions, were  sentenced  to  be  hanged. 

Williams  appealed  for  clemency  as  a  son  of  Captain  Williams 
who  fell  at  Monterey.  He  asked  that  his  cousin  might  be  spared, 
as  he  was  not  responsible  for  the  conception  of  the  crime,  and,  when 
informed  that  they  must  die,  requested  as  a  last  favor  that  they 
might  be  shot.  He  gave  his  horse  to  Colonel  Watkins  as  a  me- 
mento of  their  former  pleasant  army  associations,  and  about  half- 
past  nine  o'clock  a.m.  of  the  9th  of  June,  1863,  they  were  led  to 
the  place  of  execution  and  hanged  by  the  neck  until  they  were 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  493 

dead.  The  bodies  were  placed  side  by  side  in  the  same  grave  in 
the  Franklin  cemetery.  At  half-past  ten  o'clock  a.m.,  June  9, 
1863,  the  commandant  of  Fort  Granger  sent  the  following  dispatch 
to  the  chief  of  staff  of  the  Army  of  the  Cumberland  :  "  The  men 
have  been  tried,  found  guilty,  and  executed  in  compliance  with 
your  order." 


27.  Chakles  H.  Tompkins  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  was  a 
cadet  at  the  Military  Academy  from  1847  to  1849,  when  he  resigned 
and  engaged  in  business  pursuits  until  January  21,  1856.  He  then 
enlisted  in  the  First  Dragoons  (present  First  Cavalry),  and  served 
as  a  private,  corporal,  and  sergeant  until  January  10,  1861,  and 
was  engaged  in  a  combat  with  hostile  Indians  at  Pyramid  Lake, 
Nev.,  July  2,  1860.  He  was  appointed,  from  New  York,  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March 
23,  1861,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  April  30,  1861.  He 
joined  at  Carlisle  on  the  30th  of  March,  and  was  transferred  to 
Washington,  where  he  served  as  assistant  instructor  in  a  cavalry 
school  which  was  established  for  the  instruction  of  officers  who 
had  been  appointed  directly  from  private  life,  until  the  3d  of  May, 
when  he  crossed  the  Potomac  and  established  a  cavalry  camp  at 
Ball's  Cross-Roads.  While  serving  at  that  place  he  was  instructed 
by  General  Hunter  to  make  a  reconnaissance  in  the  direction  of 
Fairfax  Court-House,  the  general  adding  the  remark,  "  If  you  can 
manage  to  get  into  the  place  it  will  be  a  feather  in  your  cap."  He 
started  at  eleven  o'clock  p.m.  of  the  31st  of  May,  with  Lieutenant 
(now  Major)  David  S.  Gordon  and  fifty  men  of  his  company,  and 
marched,  by  the  way  of  Fall's  Church  and  Winchester  woods,  to 
the  Court-House.  He  captured,  en  route,  two  picket  stations  and 
charged  three  times  through  the  town— twice  towards  the  German- 
town  Pioad  and  once  returning  to  the  place  of  entry.  He  had 
several  men  wounded  and  missing.  Two  horses  were  shot  under 
him,  and  he  was  severely  injured  by  the  second  horse  falling  on 
him.  His  brilliant  charges  resulted  in  a  complete  victory  over 
the  enemy,  who  suffered  an  estimated  loss  of  twenty-five  killed  and 
wounded,  including  the  captain  of  the  Warrenton  Rifles.  This 
cavalry  success,  the  first  of  the  war,  made  Lieutenant  Tompkins 
deservedly  conspicuous  in  the  National  army. 


494  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

He  participated  in  the  Manassas  campaign  and  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  where  he  won  the  commendation  of  his 
brigade  commander  for  conspicuous  gallantry.  He  was  an  acting 
assistant  adjutant-general  for  Brigadier-General  Stoneman,  and  also 
served  for  a  time  as  an  inspector  of  cavalry.  He  was  appointed 
regimental  quartermaster,  to  date  from  August  3,  1861,  and  served 
with  the  regiment  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  until  he  was  ap- 
pointed an  assistant  quartermaster,  Avith  the  rank  of  captain,  to 
date  from  November  13,  1861.  He  vacated  his  regimental  com- 
mission, to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  served  as  colonel  of  the 
First  Vermont  Cavalry  from  the  24th  of  April  to  the  9th  of  Sep- 
tember, 1862  ;  as  lieutenant-colonel  and  quartermaster  of  volunteers 
(act  of  Congress,  July  17,  1862)  from  July  1,  1865,  to  June  11, 
1866  ;  as  colonel  and  quartermaster  of  volunteers  (act  of  Congress, 
July  4,  1864)  from  June  13,  1866,  to  January  1,  1867.  He  was 
appointed  a  deputy  quartermaster-general,  with  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, to  date  from  July  29,  1866;  and  was  promoted  an 
assistant  quartermaster-general,  with  the  rank  of  colonel,  January 
24,  1881.  He  participated  in  the  battles  and  engagements  of 
Generals  Banks'  and  Pope's  campaigns  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley, 
and  in  the  second  Bull  Run,  and  returned  to  staff  duty  after  the 
Antietam  campaign.  He  was  recommended  for  the  appointment 
of  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  for  conspicuous  services  at  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Creek.  He  was  made  (to  date  from  March  13, 
'  1865)  a  brevet  major  for  gallant  conduct  at  Fairfax  Court-House  ; 
a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  for  meritorious  services  in  the  campaigns 
of  Generals  Banks  and  McDowell  in  1862-63  ;  a  brevet  colonel  for 
meritorious  services  in  the  quartermaster's  department,  1863-65  ; 
and  a  brevet  brigadier- general  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  has  served  since  the  war  as 
depot  quartermaster  at  Washington  ;  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the 
Fifth  Military  District,  and  of  the  Departments  of  Alaska,  Arizona, 
and  Texas,  the  Division  of  the  South,  and  the  Department  of 
Dakota  ;  and  was  assigned,  in  February,  1881,  to  duty  at  Chicago, 
111.,  as  chief  quartermaster  of  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri. 


29.  Sullivan  W.  Burbank  was  born  in  New  York  about  1837, 
and  was  engaged  in  civil  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  495 

the  Rebellion,  lie  was  appointed,  from  Kentucky,  a  second  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  27, 
1861.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  14,  1861,  and, 
without  joining  the  regiment,  was  transferred,  on  the  22d  of  June, 
1861,  with  his  original  rank,  to  the  Fourteenth  Infantry.  He 
reported  at  Fort  Trumbull,  Conn.,  and  was  employed  on  regimental 
recruiting  service  until  January,  1862,  when  he  joined  his  company 
(A.  Second  Battalion).  He  was  promoted,  in  November,  1 802,  a  cap- 
tain, to  date  from  March  3, 1862,  and  assigned  to  duty  at  Annapolis, 
Md.  The  records  of  his  regiment  do  not  furnish  any  information 
concerning  his  field-service  except  the  statement  that  lie  died  on 
the  9th  of  June,  1864,  of  wounds  received  on  the  5th  of  May,  1864, 
at  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Va. 


40.  Richakd  Byenes  was  born  in  Ireland  and  emigrated  at  an 
early  age  to  the  United  States.  He  was  serving  as  sergeant-major 
of  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry  when  he  was  appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Seventeenth  Infantry,  to  date  from  May 
14,  1861.  He  was  transferred,  at  his  own  request,  on  the  21st  of 
September,  1861,  with  his  original  rank,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and 
was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  17,  1862.  He  was  attached 
to  the  Fourth  Cavalry  until  October,  1861,  when  he  joined  his 
company  at  Washington  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  the  city 
during  the  winter  of  1861-62  ;  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Vir- 
ginia Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged,  in 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost 
daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Rich- 
mond, the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance 
towards  Ashland,  the  action  at  Old  Church,  the  reconnaissance 
towards  the  White  House,  the  skirmish  in  the  White  Oak  Swamp  ; 
with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  lit 
Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of 
South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstowi), 
the  engagement  near  Ilalltown,  and  the  reconnaissance  from  An- 
tietam, Md.,  to  Martinsburg,  Va.  He  was  granted,  October  16, 
1862,  an  indefinite  leave  of  absence,  having  been  appointed  colonel 
of  the   Twenty-eighth   Massachusetts  Volunteers,    to   date   from 


496  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

September  29,  1862,  and  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
until  the  3d  of  June,  1864,  when  he  was  mortally  wounded  at  Cold 
Harbor  while  commanding  the  Irish  Brigade.  He  was  taken  to 
Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  died  on  the  12th  of  June,  1864.  He 
was  a  man  of  marked  integrity  and  conspicuous  courage. 


42.  Harrison  Fosdick  was  born  in  New  York,  and  was 
appointed,  from  the  general  service,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  October  26,  1861.  He  joined  his 
company  in  December,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
during  the  winter  of  1861-62.  When  the  army  entered  upon  the 
Manassas  and  Virginia  Peninsular  campaigns  he  remained  at  Wash- 
ington in  charge  of  the  regimental  property  until  June,  when  he 
rejoined  and  served  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Penin- 
sula. He  afterwards  participated  in  the  Maryland  campaign,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the 
skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  and  the  engagement  near  Halltown. 
He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  17,  1862,  and  resigned  his 
commission  on  the  10th  of  October,  1862. 


43.  Frank  W.  Dickerson  (son  of  Judge  Dickerson,  of  the 
Supreme  Court  of  Maine)  was  born  .in  Maine  in  1841.  He  was 
one  of  the  most  promising  of  the  young  men  who  came  forward  at 
the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Eebellion  and  renounced  the 
security  and  enjoyment  of  home  for  the  perils  of  the  battle-field. 
He  preferred  a  position  in  the  navy,  and  for  several  months  had 
reason  to  believe  that  his  wishes  would  be  gratified  ;  but  the  door 
of  hope  in  this  field  of  duty  was  finally  closed  against  him,  and  he 
was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  February  19,  1862,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July 
17,  1862.  He  joined  his  company,  on  the  loth  of  April,  at  War- 
wick: Court-House,  Va.,  and  participated  in  the  Virginia  Peninsular 
and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes 
with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Eichmond,  the  battle 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  497 

of  Eanover  Court-House — where  his  coolness  under  fire,  skill  in 
handling  his  company,  and  impetuosity  in  the  attack  at  once 
established  his  character  as  a  soldier — and  in  the  reconnaissance 
towards  Ashland.  During  the  progress  of  the  reconnaissance 
towards  the  White  House,  General  Stoneman,  finding  himself 
cut  off  from  the  main  army,  decided  to  communicate  with 
General  Porter.  The  accomplishment  of  this  dangerous  mission 
was  intrusted  to  Lieutenant  Dickerson.  He  promptly  accepted 
the  detail,  and,  taking  two  orderlies,  arrived  at  General  Porter's 
headquarters  as  he  was  about  to  begin  the  retreat  to  Harrison's 
Landing,  and  was  informed  that  the  National  army  had  been 
defeated.  He  immediately  dispatched  the  orderlies  in  different 
directions  and  started  for  General  Stoneman's  headquarters,  and 
was  first  to  arrive  with  the  important  information,  whereupon  the 
column  was  instantly  put  in  motion  and  arrived  at  York  Eiver  in 
time  to  be  protected  by  the  gunboats.  Scarcely  had  Lieutenant 
Dickerson  communicated  this  important  information  when  the 
enemy  advanced  and  occupied  the  country  which  he  had  just 
crossed.  It  was  to  Lieutenant  Dickerson's  vigilance  and  prompt- 
ness in  a  great  degree  that  General  Stoneman  attributed  his  ability 
to  rescue  his  command  from  the  victorious  enemy. 

He  rejoined  at  Harrison's  Landing  and  served  with  the  regi- 
ment as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula.  He  then  moved  with  the 
regiment  into  Maryland,  through  the  city  of  Washington,  and 
rejoined  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  on  the  evening  of  the  13th  of 
September,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and 
Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  and  the  engagement 
near,  and  reconnaissance  to,  Halltown.  He  was  with  the  advance 
under  General  Averill  along  the  base  of  the  Blue  Kidge  until  the 
enemy  were  forced  to  retreat  through  Ashby's  Gap,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action 
at  Markham's  Station  (where  he  had  a  horse  shot  under  him  while- 
leading  a  charge),  the  affair  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  the  skirmish 
at  Little  Washington  (where  he  made  three  sabre  charges  with  a 
squadron  against  Hampton's  brigade  of  cavalry),  and  the  action  at 
Amissville.  He  then  participated  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg 
and  in  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth,  and  served  in  winter 
camp  near  that  place,  1862-63,  and  participated  (15th-18th  Fob- 
32 


498  MILITARY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ruary)  in  Colonel  Mcintosh's  raid  on  the  Orange  and  Alexandria 
Railway,  and  was  selected,  with  thirty  picked  men,  to  destroy  the 
bridge  at  the  Eappahannock  Station,  which  was  accomplished 
under  the  fire  of  the  enemy.  He  also  participated  in  General 
Stoneman's  raid,  April-May,  18G3,  towards  Eichmond,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  action  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads.  He  was  conspicu- 
ous for  dash  and  impetuosity  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  where 
the  squadron  which  he  commanded  received  the  first  shock  of 
the  contest,  and  where,  while  gallantly  leading  a  charge,  he  was 
wounded  on  the  head  by  a  minie-ball.  He  was  carried  from  the 
held,  and  did  not  rejoin  the  regiment  until  the  9th  of  August, 
when  he  was  sent  to  Point  Lookout,  Md.,  and  served  at  that  place 
aud  at  Leonardtown  in  command  of  a  detachment  of  cavalry  until 
July,  1864,  and  was  engaged  (13th-15th  of  January,  1864)  in  Mar- 
ston's  raid  through  the  counties  of  Northumberland,  Richmond, 
and  Lancaster,  Va.  His  duties  at  Point  Lookout  and  Leonard- 
town  were  of  a  difficult  and  delicate  nature — to  arrest  deserters, 
capture  blockade-runners,  protect  the  friends  of  the  government, 
and  destroy  the  contraband  trade  between  Southern  Maryland  and 
Virginia.  While  in  command  at  Leonardtown  he  captured  two 
men  who  had  left  Richmond  with  twelve  thousand  dollars  to  pur- 
chase medicines  for  the  Confederate  government.  They  offered 
all  the  money  for  their  liberty,  hut  he  sent  the  men  and  money  to 
Fortress  Monroe. 

While  serving  at  Leonardtown  Lieutenant  Dickerson  contracted 
a  stubborn  cough  which,  in  conjunction  with  the  disease  contracted 
in  the  Peninsular  campaign  of  1862,  finally  ended  his  brief  but  event- 
ful and  brilliant  career.  He  was  compelled,  in  July,  1864,  to  avail 
himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence,  and  in  September,  his  health 
having  gradually  improved,  he  joined,  against  the  advice  of  his 
physicians,  the  detachment  of  the  regiment  which  was  serving  on 
escort  duty  with  General  Grant.  Within  a  few  weeks  he  was  com- 
pelled to  seek  medical  assistance  in  Baltimore,  whence  he  entered 
the  hospital  at  Annapolis,  where  he  remained  until  January,  1865, 
when  he  again  applied  for  service  and  was  appointed  a  muster- 
ing and  disbursing  officer  for  the  State  of  Wisconsin,  and  served 
in  that  position,  at  Madison,  until  the  1st  of  November,  when  he 
was  relieved  and  ordered  to  Nashville,  Tenn.,  where  he  served 
as  a  recruiting  officer  and  as  quartermaster  of  a  battalion  of  the 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  499 

regiment  until  January  16,  I860.  It  was  now  evident  that  he 
could  not  continue  the  struggle  against  the  disease  which  was  surely 
destroying  his  life,  and  on  the  6th  of  February  he  started  for  his 
home  at  Belfast,  Me.,  in  charge  of  a  devoted  soldier  of  his  com- 
pany. But  the  progress  of  the  disease  was  so  rapid  as  to  baffle 
the  skill  of  eminent  physicians  of  New  York  and  Boston,  and  he 
died,  of  consumption,  at  the  latter  city  on  the  17th  of  February, 
1866,  in  a  last  conscious  effort,  as  he  said  when  taking  leave  of  the 
officers  at  Nashville,  "to  return  to  his  home  and  spend  his  last 
hours  with  those  he  so  dearly  loved."  He  was  made  a  brevet 
captain  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

The  following  tribute  to  his  memory  from  the  pen  of  his  pastor, 
Dr.  Palfrey,  is  a  discriminating  analysis  of  his  character:  "He 
faithfully  and  conscientiously  devoted  himself  to  the  duties  of  the 
position  he  had  assumed.  Animated  by  a  generous  ambition  to 
distinguish  himself  in  his  profession  and  to  rise  in  it  by  his  merits 
and  services,  he  shrank  from  no  efforts  or  perils  in  the  way  of 
duty.  The  natural  ardor  of  his  temperament  prompted  him  to 
seek  the  most  active  and  stirring  scenes  of  military  life,  and  he 
showed  himself  to  be  possessed  of  the  soldierly  qualities  of  courage, 
endurance,  and  persistent  will.  He  won  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  his  superiors,  the  esteem  and  love  of  his  associates,  and  the 
attachment  of  all  who  were  under  his  command.  With  character- 
istic energy  and  determination  he  lingered  until  almost  the  last 
moment  at  the  post  of  duty,  lest  he  might  seem  to  leave  the 
service  for  an  insufficient  reason,  and  finally  retired  almost  by  the 
command  of  his  superior  officers." 


48.  Henky  Jones  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  a  first  sergeant 
in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  on  the  22d  of 
September,  1862,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  regiment,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  served  as  an  enlisted 
man  in  Texas,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  on  the  head-waters 
of  Devil's  River,  July  20,  1857,  where  he  Avon  an  honorable  men- 
tion ;  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Small  Creek,  near  the  Nescutunga, 
May  13,  1859,  and  in  the  capture  of  La  Mesa,  March  16,  1860. 
When  Texas  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents  he  accompanied 


500  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  Indianola  and 
New  York,  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived  on  the  13th  of  April,  1861. 
He  participated,  as  a  non-commissioned  officer,  in  the  Manassas 
campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  near  Blackburn's  Ford 
and  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Eun  ;  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washing- 
ton during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  and  participated  in  the  Manassas, 
Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Eun,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle 
of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy 
during  the  advance  towards  Eichmond,  including  the  skirmish  at 
New  Bridge,  near  Cold  Harbor,  Va.,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court- 
House  ;  the  reconnaissances  towards  Ashland  and  the  White 
House,  the  skirmishes  near  Sycamore  Church  and  White  Oak 
Swamp,  the  reconnaissances  to  Malvern  Hill  and  Burnt  Bridge  ; 
with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of 
South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  pursuit  of  the  enemy  to  War- 
renton,  and  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown, 

He  joined  his  company  in  September,  1862,  and  participated 
during  the  closing  months  of  the  year  in  the  engagement  near,  and 
reconnaissance  to,  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upper- 
ville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's 
Cross-Eoads,  the  action  at  Amissville,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth.  He  served  in  winter  camp 
near  Falmouth,  1862-63,  where  he  received  his  promotion  to  be  a 
first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  October  10,  1862.  He  was  engaged 
in  the  action  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Eappahannock,  and  partici- 
pated in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Eichmond,  April-May, 
1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Fleming's  Cross-Eoads,  and 
later  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  (distinguished  for  gallantry), 
the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  and  the  actions  at  Middletown  and  Snicker's 
Gap.  He  then  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central 
Virginia  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling 
Waters,  the  engagement  at  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near 
Front  Eoyal,  the  action  and  battle  of  Brandy  Station,  the  action 
at  Morton's  Ford,  and  the  combat  at  Bristoe  Station.  He  was 
captured,  October  29,  1863,  while  on  picket  duty  at  Elk  Eun,  Va., 
and  his  name  was  dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the  army,  to  date  from 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICBES.  501 

November  19,  18G3.     He  was  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  near 
Iron  Mountain,  Mo.,  in  186S. 


49.  Henry  Baker  was  born  in  England.  He  was  a  sergeant 
in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  appointed  sergeant-major  of 
the  regiment,  to  date  from  August  1,  1SG2,  and  served  in  the 
position  until  September  22,  1862,  when  he  was  appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He 
served  in  Texas  until  the  State  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents, 
when  he  accompanied  the  second  detachment  of  the  regimeut,  by 
the  way  of  Indianola  and  New  York,  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived 
on  the  27th  of  April,  1861.  He  participated,  as  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer,  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and  in  the  skirmishes 
near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill;  served  in  the  defenses  of 
Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  and  participated  in  the 
Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the 
battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the 
enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Han- 
over Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the  battle 
of  Gaines's  Mill — where  he  was  color-sergeant,  and  carried  the 
standard  with  conspicuous  gallantry  in  the  famous  charge  which 
the  regiment  made  at  that  place — the  skirmish  at  Savage  Station, 
the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  and  the  skirmish  in  the  White  Oak 
Swamp  ;  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  bat- 
tles of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  and  the  skirmish  near  Shep- 
herd stown. 

He  joined  his  company  in  September,  1862,  and  was  engaged 
during  the  closing  months  of  the  year  in  the  engagement  near 
Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action 
at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  the 
action  at  Amissville,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  recon- 
naissance near  Falmouth.  He  served  in  winter  camp  near  Fal- 
mouth, 1862-63,  and  participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid 
towards  Richmond,  April-May,  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
combat  near  Brandy  Station  and  the  action  at  Fleming's  Cross- 


502  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Koads.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  April  13, 
1863,  and  served  as  an  aide-de-camp  for  General  Pleasonton  from 
September,  1863,  to  June,  1864,  and  thereafter  on  special  duty  at 
the  headquarters  of  the  First  Cavalry  Division  until  May,  1865, 
and  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central  Virginia  cam- 
paigns of  1863,  in  the  Richmond  and  Shenandoah  Valley  campaigns 
of  1864,  and  in  the  closing  Richmond  campaign  of  1865,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  principal  battles  of  that  period.  He  served  at  the 
headquarters  of  the  Department  of  West  Virginia  from  May  to 
August,  1865,  when  he  joined  the  detachment  of  the  regiment 
serving  at  Washington  on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant,  and  com- 
manded a  company  until  the  5th  of  November,  when  he  availed 
himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  for  twenty  days.  Upon  the  expiration 
of  the  leave  he  failed  to  report  for  duty,  and  was  absent  without 
proper  authority  until  the  12th  of  January,  1866,  when  his  name  was 
dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the  army.  He  was  made  a  brevet  captain 
and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


52.  James  T.  Badeist  was  born  in  Maryland.  He  was  serving 
as  a  first  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  on 
the  3d  of  October,  1862,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieuten- 
ant in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862.  He  served  in 
Texas  until  the  State  was  surrendered  to  the  insurgents,  when 
he  accompanied  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the 
way  of  Indianola  and  New  York,  to  Carlisle,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  27th  of  April,  1861.  He  participated,  as  a  non-commissioned 
officer,  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling  Waters  and  in  the  skirmishes  at 
Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill,  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washing- 
ton during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  participated  in  the  Manassas, 
Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of 
Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy 
during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover 
Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the  action  at 
Old  Church,  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmish  at  Savage 
Station,  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  503 

the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation 
of  the  Peninsula,  the  buttles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam, 
the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  and  the  engagement  near  Hall- 
town. 

He  joined  his  company  on  the  26th  of  October,  1862,  and 
participated  during  the  closing  months  of  the  year  in  the  skir- 
mish near  Union,  the  actions  near  Piedmont  and  at  Markham's 
Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  the  action  atAmiss- 
ville,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near 
Falmouth.  He  served  in  winter  camp  near  Falmouth,  18G2-63, 
and  was  chiefly  employed  on  picket  and  provost-guard  duty  across 
the  Potomac  ;  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  (distin- 
guished for  gallantry)  and  commanded  a  company  from  September, 
1863,  to  September,  18G4,  and  participated  in  the  action  at  Mor- 
ton's Ford,  the  combat  at  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  Mine  Run 
operations.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  November  2,  1863, 
and  served  in  winter  camp  at  Mitchell's  Station,  Va.,  1863-64, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Barnett's  Ford,  Charlottesville, 
and  Stanardsville,  and  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford.  He  was 
selected,  with  his  company,  as  a  part  of  Captain  Mason's  battalion 
of  the  regiment  on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant,  and  served  in 
that  position  from  March  24,  1864  (participating  in  all  the  general 
engagements  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac),  to  September  12,  1864, 
when  he  resigned  his  commission.  He  has  been  employed  for  a 
number  of  years  in  the  office  of  the  quartermaster-general  of  the 
army. 


54.  Edward  Murphy  was  born  in  New  York  about  1840.  He 
was  serving  as  a  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  dis- 
charged on  the  23d  of  March,  1863,  having  been  appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  February  19,  1863. 
He  participated,  as  a  private  and  non-commissioned  officer,  in  the 
Manassas  campaign  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Bull  Bun, 
served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62,  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and 
Maryland  campaigns,  and  Avas  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar 
Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in 
almost  daily  skirmishes   with   the   enemy    during   the    advance 


504  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the 
reconnaissances  towards  Ashland  and  the  White  House,  the  skir- 
mish near  Sycamore  Church,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the 
rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation 
of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antie- 
tam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  the  engagement  near,  and 
reconnaissance  to,  Halltown,  the  skirmishes  near  Union  and 
Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the  skirmishes  at 
Barbee's  Cross-Roads  and  Little  Washington,  the  action  at  Amiss- 
ville,  the  affair  ten  miles  south  of  Warrenton,  the  skirmish  near 
Rappahannock  bridge,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  re- 
connaissance near  Falmouth. 

He  served  in  winter  camp  near  Falmouth,  1862-63,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  action  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock,  a  few 
days  before  he  was  discharged  from  his  enlistment.  He  joined 
his  company  at  that  place  on  the  9th  of  April,  1863,  and  was  in 
charge  of  the  dismounted  men  of  the  regiment  during  General 
Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April-May,  1863.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  and 
the  actions  at  Middletown  and  Snicker's  Gap,  near  Upperville. 
He  then  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central  Virginia 
campaigns  (commanding  company),  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funks- 
town,  and  Falling  Waters,  the  engagement  of  Manassas  Gap,  the 
skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the  action  near,  and  battle  of,  Brandy 
Station,  and  thereafter  (commanding  company)  in  the  action  at 
Morton's  Ford,  the  combat  at  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  Mine  Run 
operations.  He  served  in  winter  camp  at  Mitchell's  Station,  Va., 
1863-64,  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Barnett's  Ford, 
Charlottesville,  and  Stanardsville,  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford, 
and  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern.  He  was  on  a  sick-leave  of 
absence  from  May  to  September,  1864,  when  he  rejoined  the  regi- 
ment in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  and  commanded  a  company  at 
the  battle  of  Winchester,  where  he  was  severely  wounded  and  lost  a 
leg  by  amputation.  He  was  promoted,  in  September,  1864,  a  first 
lieutenant,  to  date  from  December  7,  1863,  and  was  retired  from 
active  service  April  25,  1865,  for  incapacity  resulting  from  a 
wound  received  in  the  line  of  duty.  He  was  made  a  brevet  captain, 
to  date  from  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  506 

the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern;  and  a.  brevet  major,  to  date  from 
September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Winchester,  lie  died  at  Binghamton,  N.  Y.,  on  the  6th 
of  October,  1871. 


55.  Joseph  P.  IIexley  was  born  in  Ireland,  lie  was  a  first 
sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  from  his 
enlistment,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
regiment,  to  date  from  April  22,  18G3.  He  was  promoted  a 
first  lieutenant  March  30,  1864.  He  served  as  a  non-commis- 
sioned officer  in  Texas,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  on 
the  head-waters  of  Devil's  River,  July  20,  1857,  where  he  won  an 
honorable  mention  ;  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Small  Creek,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nescutnnga,  May  13,  1859  ;  and  in  the  capture  of 
La  Mesa,  March  16,  1860.  When  Texas  was  surrendered  to  the 
insurgents  he  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment, 
by  the  way  of  Indianola  and  New  York,  to  Carlisle,  where  he 
arrived  on  the  13th  of  April,  1861.  He  participated,  as  a  non- 
commissioned officer,  in  the  Manassas  campaign,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  skirmish  near  Blackburn's  Ford  and  in  the  battle  of  Bull 
Run  ;  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62  ;  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and 
Maryland  campaigns ;  and  was  engaged,  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar 
Run,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in 
almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards 
Richmond,  including  the  skirmish  at  New  Bridge,  near  Cold  Har- 
bor ;  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissances 
towards  Ashland  and  the  White  House,  the  skirmishes  near  Syca- 
more Church  and  White  Oak  Swamp,  the  reconnaissances  to  Mal- 
vern Hill  and  Burnt  Bridge,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the 
rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of 
the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the 
skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  the  engagement  near,  and  recon- 
naissance to,  Halltown,  and,  during  the  closing  months  of  1S62,  in 
the  skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action  at  Mark- 
ham's  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  the  action  at 
Amissville,  the  battle  <>f  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance 
near  Falmouth.     Be  served  in  winter  camp  at  Falmouth,  1862-63, 


506  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS. 

and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahan- 
nock, and  participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Rich- 
mond, April-May,  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Fleming's 
Cross-Roads. 

He  joined  his  company  on  the  25th  of  May,  1863,  and  served 
continuously  as  a  company  commander  until  the  12th  of  June, 
1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  (distinguished 
for  gallantry),  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at  Middletown 
and  Snicker's  Gap,  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  actions  at  Wil- 
liamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the  en- 
gagement at  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the 
action  and  battle  of  Brandy  Station,  the  action  at  Morton's  Ford, 
the  combat  at  Bristoe  Station,  and  the  Mine  Run  operations. 
He  served  in  winter  camp  at  Mitchell's  Station,  1863-64,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  actions  at  Barnett's  Ford,  Charlottesville,  ftnd 
Stanardsville,  and  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford.  He  then 
participated  in  the  Richmond  campaign  of  1864,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  the  actions  at  Beaver  Dam  Station, 
Yellow  Tavern,  and  Meadow  Bridge,  the  skirmish  near  Mechan- 
icsville,  the  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  and  the  battle  of  Trevillian 
Station,  where  he  was  killed  on  the  12th  of  June,  1864. 


57.  Kenelm  RobbiinS  was  born  in  Massachusetts  in  1839.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  11th  of  June, 
1863,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and 
was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  12,  1864.  He  joined  in  July, 
1863,  and  served  continuously  as  a  company  commander  until  the 
19th  of  September,  1864.  He  participated  in  the  Rapidan  cam- 
paign of  1863,  and  in  the  Richmond  and  Shenandoah  campaigns 
of  1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  and  battle  of  Brandy 
Station,  where  he  won  the  brevet  of  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
August  1,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services ;  the  action 
at  Morton's  Ford,  the  combat  of  Bristoe  Station,  the  actions  near 
Barnett's  Ford  and  at  Charlottesville  and  Stanardsville,  the  skir- 
mish near  Morton's  Ford,  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  the  actions 
at  Beaver  Dam  Station,  Yellow  Tavern,  and  Meadow  Bridge,  the 
skirmish  near  Mechanicsville,  the  battles  of  Cold  Harbor,  Trevillian 
Station,  and  Deep  Bottom,  the  action  near  Winchester  and  White 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  507 

Post,  the  skirmishes  near  Shephcrdstown,  Front  Royal,  and  Kear- 
neysville,  the  affair  at  White  Post,  theaction  at  Smithfield,  the  affair 
at  Berryville,  and  the  battle  of  Winchester,  where  he  was  severely 
wounded  and  won  the  brevet  of  captain,  to  date  from  September 
19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  was  on  a  sick- 
leave  of  absence  until  the  12th  of  December,  when  he  was  appointed 
recorder  of  a  board  of  officers  which  was  convened  at  Annapolis, 
Md.,  to  examine  noncommissioned  officers  for  promotion  in  the 
army,  and  continued  on  that  duty  until  August  1,  1866.  He  was 
regimental  adjutant  from  July  31,  1866  (assuming  the  duties  of  the 
office  on  the  15th  of  August),  to  December  31,  1866,  and  regimental 
commissary  from  December  31,  1866,  to  March  31,  1867  (serving 
during  this  period  at  Washington,  D.  C),  when  he  was  appointed 
a  captain  in  the  Forty-third  Infantry,  to  date  from  January  22, 
1867.  He  then  served  at  Fort  Wayne,  Mich.,  until  May  22,  1869, 
when,  his  regiment  having  been  consolidated  with  the  present 
First  Infantry,  he  was  placed  on  the  list  of  unassigned  officers  and 
was  awaiting  orders  until  September  1,  1869.  He  was  then  as- 
signed to  reconstruction  duty  in  Mississippi,  and  was  serving  at 
Jackson  when  he  died  of  disease  on  the  28th  of  February,  1870. 


58.  Richard  Fitzgerald  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  served  as 
a  private,  corporal,  sergeant,  and  first  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
and  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Mary- 
land campaigns  of  1862,  and  was  a  first  sergeant  in  the  cavalry 
recruiting  service  when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  October  31,  1863.  He  was  pro- 
moted a  first  lieutenant  June  12,  1864.     He  joined  in  December, 

1863,  served  in  winter  camp  at  Mitchell's  Station,  1863-64,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Barnett's  Ford,  Charlottesville,  and 
Stanardsville,  and  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford. 

He  participated  in  the  Richmond  and  Shenandoah  campaigns  of 

1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  the  actions 
at  Beaver  Dam  Station,  Yellow  Tavern,  and  Meadow  Bridge,  the 
skirmish  near  Mcchanicsville,  the  battles  of  Cold  Harbor,  Trevillian 
Station,  and  Deep  Bottom,  the  action  near  Winchester  and  White 
Post,  the  skirmishes  near  Shepherdstown,  Front  Royal,  and  Kear- 
neysville,  the  affair  at  White  Post,  the  action  at  Smithfjeld,  the 


508  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

affair  at  Berryville,  and  the  battle  of  Winchester,  where  he  was 
killed  while  gallantly  leading  his  company  in  a  charge  against  the 
enemy. 


60.  John  Trevor  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  serving  as 
a  first  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Artillery  when  he  was  appointed  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  18,  1864. 
He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  September  19,  1864.  He 
joined  in  the  field  on  the  28th  of  June,  and  commanded  a  company 
in  the  Eichmond  and  Shenandoah  campaigns  of  1864,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  the  action  near  Winchester 
and  White  Post,  the  skirmishes  near  Shepherdstown,  Front  Royal, 
and  Kearncysville,  the  affair  at  White  Post,  the  action  at  Smith- 
field,  the  affairs  at  Berryville  and  Round  Hill,  and  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  where  he  was  mortally  wounded  while  gallantly  leading 
his  company  in  a  charge  against  the  enemy.  He  died  on  the  29th 
of  September,  1864. 


61.  Edward  Harris  was  born  in  Virginia.  He  had  served 
an  enlistment  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  was  a  hospital  steward 
when  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to 
date  from  June  7,  1864.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
September  29,  1864.  He  joined  on  the  17th  of  July,  and  served 
in  the  Richmond  and  Shenandoah  campaigns  of  1864,  and  partici- 
pated in  the  battles  of  Deep  Bottom  and  Winchester,  and  other 
engagements  of  less  importance.  He  participated  in  the  operations 
of  the  closing  Richmond  campaign  of  1865,  and  Avas  made  a  brevet 
first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  (as  an  enlisted  man)  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern; 
and  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  September  19,  1864,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester.  He  was  a 
mustering  and  disbursing  officer  at  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  from  June 
to  September,  1865.  He  then  rejoined  his  company  and  had 
stations  at  Washington,  D.  C,  and  Nashville,  Tenn.,  until  October 
31,  1866,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  and  returned  to  civil 
pursuits  in  Virginia. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  509 

63.  William  H.  Chukciiill  was  born  in  Indiana.  He  was 
serving  as  a  first  sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was 
appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  June 
7,  1864.  He  served  as  a  private  and.  non-commissioned  officer  in 
the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  1861-62,  and 
participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and 
Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at 
Cedar  Bun,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg 
and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance 
towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-IIouse,  the  recon- 
naissances towards  Ashland  and  the  White  House,  with  the  regi- 
ment as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South 
Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  the 
engagement  near,  and  reconnaissance  to,  Halltown,  the  skirmishes 
near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the 
skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  the  action  at  Amissville,  the 
skirmish  near  Rappahannock  bridge,  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg, 
and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth.  He  served  in  winter  camp 
near  Falmouth,  1862-63,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Kelly's 
Ford,  and  participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Rich- 
mond, April-May,  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  near 
Raccoon  Ford  and  the  skirmish  at  South  Anna  bridge.  He  was 
engaged,  during  June,  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  the  skirmish 
at  Aldie,  and  the  actions  at  Middletown  and  Snicker's  Gap.  He 
then  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  Central  Virginia  cam- 
paigns, and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  actions 
at  Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the 
engagement  at  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the 
action  near,  and  battle  of,  Brandy  Station,  the  action  at  Morton's 
Ford,  the  combat  of  Bri8toe  Station,  and  the  Mine  Run  operations. 
He  served  near  Mitchell's  Station  during  the  winter  of  1863-64,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  actions  near  Barnett's  Ford,  Charlottesville,  and 
Stanardsville  (wounded),  and  in  the  skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford. 

He  joined  his  company  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  on  the  19th  of  July,  1864,  and  served  as  quartermaster 
for  Captain  Mason's  battalion,  which  was  on  escort  duty  with 
General  Grant,  until  the'end  of  the  war,  and  participated  in  the 
general  engagements  about   Richmond,   in  front   of   Petersburg, 


510  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  in  the  closing  campaign  which  resulted  in  the  surrender  of 
the  Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  on  the  9th  of  April, 
1865.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  August  3,  1865,  and 
continued  to  serve  on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant  at  Washing- 
ton until  January,  1866.  It  was  during  this  period  of  his  service 
that  he  received  fatal  injuries  which  were  caused  by  a  fall  from  his 
horse  during  a  rest  at  a  mounted  drill,  when  he  ran  a  race  with 
another  officer.  He  proceeded  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  served 
on  reconstruction  duty  until  the  20th  of  March,  when  he  was 
compelled  to  avail  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence,  and,  after 
a  long  and  painful  illness,  died  at  Aurora,  Ind.,  on  the  20th  of 
August,  1866.  He  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant  and  a  brevet 
captain,  to  date  from  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  during  the  campaign  terminating  with  the  surrender  of 
the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 


64.  Augustus  H.  D.  Williams  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  and 
was  engaged  in  business  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of 
the  Kebellion.  He  enrolled  for  volunteer  service  on  the  14th  of 
August,  1861,  and  was  commissioned  a  first  lieutenant  in  the 
Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  September  29,  1861,  and  served 
in  that  grade,  and  for  a  time  as  adjutant  of  the  regiment,  until 
September  7,  1864,  having  stations  at  Camp  Palmer,  Fortress  Mon- 
roe, and  Portsmouth,  and  participating  in  the  action  at  Beaver  Dam 
Church,  the  siege  of  Suffolk,  the  action  at  South  Anna  Bridge,  the 
action  of  Yellow  Tavern,  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  the  action  at 
Ream's  Station,  and  other  engagements  of  less  importance.  He 
enlisted  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  on  the  6th  of  October,  1864,  and 
was  serving  as  a  corporal  when  he  was  discharged,  having  been 
appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  March 
12,  1865.     He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  January  12,  1866. 

He  served  as  a  private  and  non-commissioned  officer  in  the 
closing  operations  of  the  Shenandoah  campaign  of  1864,  in 
General  Sheridan's  last  raid,  and  in  the  closing  Richmond  cam- 
paign of  1865,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  the 
raid  into  the  Loudon  Valley,  the  skirmishes  near  Madison  Court- 
House  and  Gordonsville,  the  action  near  Paris,  the  skirmishes  near 
Stanton  and  Bent  Creek,  the  actions  at  South  Anna  Bridge  and 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  511 

Five  Forks,  and  the  engagement  near  Dinwiddie  Oourt-House. 
He  joined  his  company  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  in  April,  1865,  and  served,  with  Captain  Mason's  bat- 
talion, on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant  in  the  field  and  at 
Washington,  1).  C,  until  January  24,  1866.  He  was  then  assigned 
to  Carlisle,  Pa.,  and  employed  on  recruiting  service  until  .Septem- 
ber, when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Winchester,  Va.,  where  he 
served  as  quartermaster  and  commissary  until  April,  1807.  Upon 
the  expiration  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  he  rejoined  his  company 
at  Richmond,  where  he  served  until  the  23d  of  February,  1868, 
when  he  was  ordered  before  a  Retiring  Board  for  an  examination 
into  his  mental  condition,  and  was  retired  from  active  service  on 
the  20th  of  July,  18G8,  for  incapacity  resulting  from  aberration  of 
mind  caused  by  sickness  contracted  in  the  line  of  duty.  He  re- 
ceived the  brevets  of  first  lieutenant  and  captain,  to  date  from 
April  2,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  capture 
of  Petersburg,  Va.  He  returned  to  his  home  in  Philadelphia, 
where  he  died  on  the  12th  of  May,  1876. 


65.  James  P.  Ruggles  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  was 
serving  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  the  Second  Cavalry  when 
he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  May  3,  1865.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  February 
17,  1866.  He  participated,  as  an  enlisted  man,  in  the  campaigns 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  many  of  the  im- 
portant battles  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  joined  the  regi- 
ment in  May,  and  served  at  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  New  Creek 
and  Moorefield,  W.  Va.,  until  August,  1865,  when  he  was  appointed 
an  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier-General  William  H.  Emory,  com- 
manding the  District  of  West  Virginia,  and  served  in  that  position 
until  December,  1865.  He  was  then  assigned  to  reconstruction 
duty  in  South  Carolina,  where  he  served  until  July,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  Tennessee  and  was  employed  until  April,  1867,  as 
acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  Middle  District  of  Ten- 
nessee, August  and  September,  1S66 ;  on  company  duty,  October- 
December,  1866  ;  and  as  acting  assist  ant  adjutant-general,  District 
of  Nashville,  and  adjutant  detachment  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
January-April,    1867.     He  was  out  of  service  from  the  15th  of 


512  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

August  to  the  31st  of  December,  1867,  when  he  was  restored  with 
his  original  rank,  and  rejoined  at  Montgomery,  Ala.,  in  February, 
1868,  where  he  had  station  until  the  9th  of  June,  1868,  when  he 
ceased  to  be  an  officer  of  the  army.  He  was  employed  during  the 
winter  of  1868-69  as  chief  clerk  in  the  Commissary  Department  at 
Fort  Harker,  Kan.,  and  is  now  engaged  in  mining  operations  in 
Colorado  and  New  Mexico. 


66.  James  C.  Cooley  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  served 
as  a  lieutenant  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-third  New  York 
Volunteers,  and,  for  a  time,  on  the  staff  of  Brigadier-General  William 
H.  Emory,  and  was  a  private  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was 
appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  May 
3,  1865.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  28,  1866.  He 
joined  on  the  10th  of  May,  1865,  and  served  with  Captain  Mason's 
battalion  on  escort  duty  with  General  Grant  at  Washington  until 
October.  He  was  then  assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in  Tennes- 
see, and  served  at  Nashville  as  adjutant,  quartermaster,  and  ordnance 
officer  until  August,  1866,  when  he  was  appointed  regimental  com- 
missary, to  date  from  July  31,  1866.  He  joined  the  regimental 
headquarters  at  Washington  on  the  23d  of  August,  and  served  in 
that  position  until  December  31,  1866,  when  he  was  relieved  and 
assigned  to  a  company.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  March  1,  1867,  when  he  resigned  his  commission 
and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in  New  York  City.  He  was 
made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant  and  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from 
May  3,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war 
of  the  Rebellion. 


68.  William  Bixxixg  was  born  in  Scotland.  He  served  as  an 
enlisted  man  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  was  appointed, 
from  the  army,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  October  9,  1865,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  28, 
1866.  He  joined  the  regiment  in  October,  1S65,  and  was  a  com- 
pany commander  until  September  11,  1867.  He  served  at  Cumber- 
land, Md.,  and  on  reconstruction  duty  in  the  Carolinas,  having 
stations  at  Charleston,  Salisbury,  and   Raleigh ;  at  Washington, 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  513 

P.  C. ;  and  on  reconstruction  duty  in  Alabama,  having  stations  at 
Montgomery,  Mobile,  Union  Springs,  and  in  Henry  County,  until 
January  1,  1868,  when  he  died  of  congestive  chills  at  Montgomery, 
Ala, 


71.  Robert  F.  Stockton  was  born  in  New  Jersey,  and  was  ap- 
pointed, from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  February  23,  1866,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
October  31,  1866.  Rejoined  the  regiment  in  April  at  Washing- 
ton, where  he  had  station  until  the  18th  of  July,  when  he  was  as- 
signed to  duty  at  Middleburg,  Md.,  and  thence  to  Winchester,  Va., 
where  he  served  as  a  commissary  until  September,  when  he  rejoined 
his  company  at  Washington,  where  he  had  station  until  the  26th 
of  April,  1867.  He  was  then  assigned  to  reconstruction  duty  in 
Georgia,  and  served  at  Atlanta  until  the  23d  of  May,  when  he 
resigned  his  commission.  He  was  reappointed,  with  his  original 
rank,  on  the  21st  of  November,  1867,  and  joined  the  regiment  at 
Jackson,  Miss.,  on  the  4th  of  December,  where  he  served  until  the 
30th.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  and,  without 
rejoining  the  regiment,  again  resigned  his  commission  on  the  14th 
of  February,  1868,  and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 


72.  Edward  P.  Doherty  was  born  in  Canada.  He  served 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the 
Sixteenth  New  York  Cavalry  until  June  23,  1865,  and  thereafter 
as  a  captain  in  the  Third  Provisional  New  York  Cavalry  until  Sep- 
tember 21,  1865.  He  was  engaged  in  many  of  the  principal  battles 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  became  conspicuous,  in  April, 
1865,  in  the  capture  of  the  assassin  of  President  Lincoln ;  and 
it  was  chiefly  for  valuable  services  upon  that  occasion  that  he 
was  appointed,  from  New  York,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  April  19,  1866.  He  was  promoted  a  first 
lieutenant  March  1,  1867.  He  joined  the  regiment,  in  July,  in 
South  Carolina,  where  he  served  on  reconstruction  duty,  having 
stations  at  Columbia,  Sumter,  Aiken,  and  Edgefield,  until  June, 
1867,  when  he  was  transferred,  on  similar  duty,  to  Georgia,  and 
served  at  Atlanta,  Adairsville,  and  on  special  duty  at  Atlanta  with 


514  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  headquarters  of  the  District  of  Georgia,  Carnesville,  and  Elber- 
ton,  until  February,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Nebraska, 
and  participated  in  the  Republican  River  expedition,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the  brilliant  action  at  Summit 
Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  and  in  the 
Niobrara  pursuit.  He  served  at  Plum  Creek,  Neb.,  during  Sep- 
tember and  October,  1869,  and  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  from 
November,  1869,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  to  Decem- 
ber 27,  1870,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  service,  upon  the  re- 
duction of  the  army,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress 
of  July  15,  1870. 


74.  Charles  B.  Brady  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  a 
general-service  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  adjutant-general  of  the 
army  when  he  was  appointed,  from  New  York,  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  November  16,  1866.  He  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  August  11,  1867.  He  joined  the  regi- 
ment on  the  23d  of  December,  1866,  and  served  at  Gallatin  and 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  until  October,  1868,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  frontier,  and  participated  in  an  Indian 
campaign  on  the  western  border  of  Kansas  during  the  fall  of  1868, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  on  Prairie  Dog  and  Shuter  creeks, 
and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  River.  He  also  served  with  the 
Canadian  River  expedition  during  the  winter  of  1868-69,  and  in 
the  Republican  River  expedition  during  the  summer  of  1869,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Deer  Creek,  Kan.  He  had  station  at 
Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  from  August,  1869,  with  occasional  toura 
of  field- service,  to  the  30th  of  November,  1870,  when,  upon  the  re- 
duction of  the  army,  he  was  honorably  discharged  from  the  service, 
at  his  own  request,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  Congress  of 
July  15,  1870. 


77.  Amos  Webster  was  born  in  Massachusetts,  and  was  engaged 
in  business  pursuits  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
He  enlisted  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Volunteers  on  the  24th  of 
May,  1861,  and  was  appointed  a  corporal  the  next  day.  He  was 
commissioned,  upon  the  recommendation  of  General  Hooker  for  con- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  515 

spicuous  services  at  the  battle  of  Williamsburg,  a  second  lieutenant 
in  his  regiment,  to  date  from  May  8,  1862,  and  was  promoted  a 
first  lieutenant  September  8,  1863.  He  was  mustered  out  with  his 
regiment  on  the  24th  of  May,  1864,  and  immediately  appointed 
a  volunteer  aide-de-camp,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  for  Briga- 
dier-General Rufus  Ingalls,  with  whom  he  served  until  the  1st  of 
October,  1864,  when  he  was  appointed  an  assistant  quartermaster 
of  volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  assigned  to  the  staff  of 
General  Grant,  and  continued  to  serve  at  the  headquarters  of  the 
army  until  October  1,  1867,  when  he  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer 
service. 

He  participated  in  all  the  battles  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
from  Blackburn's  Ford,  July  18,  1861,  to  the  surrender  of  the 
Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  at  Appomattox  Court- 
House,  April  9,  1865,  and  was  wounded  in  the  leg  by  a  minie-ball 
at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  He  received  the  volunteer  brevets  of 
major  and  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  campaign  against  the  insurgent 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  beginning  in  front  of  Petersburg,  Va., 
March  29,  1865,  and  ending  April  9,  1865. 

He  was  appointed,  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  7,  1867,  and 
was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  9,  1868,  and,  without  joining 
the  regiment,  continued  to  serve  as  quartermaster  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  army  until  the  15th  of  April,  1869,  when  he  re- 
signed his  commission  to  accept  the  position  of  register  of  wills 
for  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  has  also  served  as  adjutant- 
general  of  the  District  of  Columbia  from  January  1,  1871,  to  the 
present  time.  He  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  a  brevet 
captain,  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March  7,  1867,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


78.  Alfred  B.  Bache  (a  son  of  Colonel  Hartman  Baclie,  Corps  of 
Engineers)  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was  appointed,  from  that 
State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  7,  1867,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  20, 
1868.     He  reported  at  the  headquarters  of  the  regiment  at  Wash- 


516  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ington  on  the  5th  of  July,  1867,  and  was  assigned  to  reconstruction 
duty  at  Jackson,  Miss.,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours 
of  detached  service,  until  October,  1868.  He  was  then  transferred 
to  frontier  service,  and  participated  in  an  Indian  campaign  on  the 
western  border  of  Kansas  during  the  fall  of  1868,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  affairs  on  Shuter  Creek  and  on  the  north  branch  of  Solomon 
River.  He  also  served  with  the  Canadian  Eiver  expedition  aud 
in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  during  the  winter  and  spring  of 
1868-69.  He  was  regimental  commissary  from  the  25th  of  April 
to  the  20th  of  July,  1869,  but  did  not  enter  upon  the  duties  of  the 
office.  He  had  stations  at  Sidney,  Neb.,  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  and 
Sherman,  Wyo.,  and  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  from  September, 
1869,  to  November,  1871,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave 
of  absence  until  April,  1872.  He  then  conducted  a  detachment  of 
recruits  to  Arizona  and  joined  his  company  at  Camp  McDowell  on 
the  20th  of  June,  and,  after  a  brief  tour  of  field-service  (engaged 
in  the  brilliant  action  at  Muchos  Canons,  September  25,  1872), 
a°"ain  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  June,  1873, 
when  he  conducted  another  detachment  of  recruits  to  Arizona,  and 
joined  his  company  at  Camp  Grant  and  participated  in  the  Apache 
campaigns  of  1873-74,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  (three)  in  the 
Sierra  Anclia  and  Santa  Teresa  Mountains,  and  in  the  important 
combat  (commanding)  near  Pinal  Creek.  He  was  twice  nominated 
to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from 
September  25,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  engagement  with 
Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  Canons  ;  and  a  brevet  major,  to 
date  from  April  1,  1874,  for  gallant  conduct  in  action  with  Apache 
Indians  near  Apache  (Pinal)  Creek.  He  continued  to  serve  at 
Camp  Grant  until  May,  1875,  when  he  marched  with  the  first 
detachment  of  the  regiment  to  the  Department  of  the  Missouri, 
and  arrived  at  Fort  Dodge,  Kan.,  on  the  10th  of  July,  1875,  where 
he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  the  17th 
of  July,  1876.  He  then  proceeded  to  Cheyenne  and  marched 
thence  to  Goose  Creek,  Wyo.,  and  served  with  the  Big  Horn  and 
Yellowstone  expedition,  although  unable  to  perform  any  duty, 
until  the  9th  of  October,  when  he  was  sent  to  Fort  Dodge,  Kan., 
for  rest  and  medical  treatment.  He  died  at  that  station,  of  chronic 
rheumatism,  on  the  12th  of  November,  1876.  His  remains  were 
taken  to  Philadelphia,  where  they  now  rest. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  517 

The  subjoined  excerpt  is  from  the  regimental  order  announcing 
his  death  :  * 

"  Never  of  rugged  physique,  seldom  in  good  health,  he  had 
been  a  severe  sufferer  when  the  regiment  entered  upon  its  series  of 
conflicts  with  the  Arizona  Apaches  ;  but  here  devotion  to  duty 
triumphed  over  physical  weakness,  and,  sharing  in  the  sharp 
engagements  of  Crook's  campaigns,  he  won  the  commendation  of 
the  department  commander,  and  was  twice  recommended  for 
brevets  for  marked  gallantry  in  action.  When  the  late  expedition 
against  the  Sioux  made  its  junction  with  the  forces  of  General 
Terry,  Lieutenant  Bache  was  well-nigh  exhausted  by  the  con- 
tinued strain  of  hardships  and  exposures  to  which  he  had  been 
subjected,  and  was  ordered  to  the  East  for  medical  treatment ;  but 
a  fortnight  later,  when  encamped  at  the  mouth  of  Powder  River, 
he  reappeared  among  his  comrades,  and,  partially  restored  by 
brief  rest  and  "shelter,  insisted  upon  returning  to  the  command. 
Of  the  hardships  that  followed,  the  utter  lack  of  shelter  and 
food  in  pitiless  and  incessant  rain-storms,  the  weary  marches  that 
had  to  be  made  when  men  and  horses  were  alike  exhausted,  there 
was  not  one  he  did  not  share,  and  no  suffering  exceeded  his.  Pluck 
and  determination  carried  him  through  the  ordeal,  but  these  could 
not  restore  the  loss  of  vital  energy.  His  life  and  our  campaign 
ended  together." 

He  was  a  faithful  friend,  a  genial  companion,  and  a  gallant 
soldier. 


79.  Jules  C.  A.  Schenofsky  (a  son  of  General  Schenofsky,  of 
the  Belgian  army)  was  born  in  Belgium,  and  was  educated  at  the 
Polytechnic  School  of  Paris  with  the  view  of  serving  as  an  officer  in 
the  French  army.  But  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebel- 
lion he  hastened  to  the  United  States  and  offered  his  services  to 
the  government,  which  were  accepted,  and  he  was  appointed  an 
additional  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers  with  the  rank  of  captain,  to 
date  from  June  11,  1862,  and  served  in  that  position  until  May 
22,  1865.  He  participated  in  the  principal  battles  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac  from  Antietam  to  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

•  G.  O.  No.  7,  November  16,  1876. 


518  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Missouri,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Seventh  Infantry,  to  date  from  May  11,  1866,  and  joined  his  regi- 
ment at  Tallahassee,  Florida,  on  the  28th  of  July,  1866,  where  he 
had  station  until  March  30,  1867,  when  he  was  transferred,  at  his 
own  request,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieu- 
tenant September  12,  1868.  He  joined  the  regiment  in  Tennessee 
on  the  29th  of  April,  1867,  and  served  at  Gallatin,  Nashville, 
Chattanooga,  and  Knoxville  until  October,  1868.  He  was  then 
transferred  to  frontier  service,  and  participated  in  an  Indian  cam- 
paign .on  the  western  border  of  Kansas  during  the  fall  of  1868, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  on  Shuter  Creek  and  on  the  north 
branch  of  Solomon  River.  He  also  served  with  the  Canadian  River 
expedition  and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  during  the  winter 
and  spring  of  1868-69.  He  then  marched  with  a  battalion  of  the 
regiment  across  the  country  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was 
engaged  en  route,  during  the  month  of  May,  in  combats,  with 
hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  on  Beaver  (conspicuous  for  gallantry) 
and  Spring  creeks.  He  participated,  in  June,  in  the  operations 
of  the  Republican  River  expedition  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair 
near  Spring  Creek.  He  was  then  detached  from  the  expedition 
and  served  on  the  Little  Blue  River  and  at  Meridian,  Neb.,  until 
September,  when  he  rejoined  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  on 
Prairie  Dog  Creek.  He  had  station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
from  November  13,  1869,  to  October  1,  1870  (was  employed  during 
the  summer  of  1870  on  escort  duty  with  a  government  surveying 
party),  when,  upon  the  reduction  of  the  army,  he  was  honorably 
discharged  from  the  service,  at  his  own  request,  under  the  pro- 
visions of  the  act  of  Congress  of  July  15,  1870,  and  at  once 
returned  to  France  and  served  during  the  Franco-German  war  as 
an  aide-de-camp  and  major  of  cavalry.  He  was  captured  by  the 
Commune  of  Paris  near  the  end  of  the  war,  and  narrowly  escaped 
death  at  their  hands.  He  then  resigned  his  commission  and  claimed 
the  protection  of  the  American  minister,  and  as  soon  as  possible 
returned  to  his  father's  estate  in  Belgium,  where  he  was  living  in 
1876. 


80.  Peter  V.  Haskin  was  born  in  New  York.      He  served  as 
a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Sixth  New  York  Cavalry  from  December 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  519 

1,  1804,  to  June  17,  1805,  and  thereafter,  in  the  same  grade,  in 
the  Second  Provisional  New  York  Cavalry  until  August  9,  1865, 
when  lie  was  mustered  out  of  volunteer  service.  lie  was  appointed, 
from  New  York,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  June  13,  1867,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  December 
22,  1868.  He  joined  the  regiment  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  on  the  12th  of 
December,  1867,  where  he  had  station  until  the  12th  of  Septem- 
ber, 1868,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier  service  and  served 
with  the  Canadian  River  expedition  and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon, 
Col.,  during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1868-69.  He  then  marched 
with  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  across  the  country  to  Fort  Mc- 
Pherson,  Neb.,  and  was  engaged  en  route,  during  the  month  of 
May,  in  combats  with  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  on  Beaver  and 
Spring  creeks.  He  participated  in  the  Republican  River  expe- 
dition of  1869,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the 
brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills 
south  of  Julesburg,  and  in  the  Niobrara  pursuit.  He  had  station 
at  Fort  McPherson  from  August  22,  1869,  to  March  19,  1870, 
when  he  resigned  his  commission  and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 


81.  Jacob  Almy  was  born  at  New  Bedford,  Mass.,  November 
20,  1842.  He  passed  through,  in  regular  succession,  the  graded 
schools  of  his  native  city  and  was  graduated  when  eighteen  years 
of  age.  He  then  entered  the  State  Normal  School  at  Bridgewater, 
Mass.,  where  he  remained  about  eighteen  months  and  completed 
the  course  in  the  summer  of  1861,  about  the  time  of  the  battle  of 
Bull  Run.  He  returned  to  his  home  firmly  resolved  to  serve  his 
country  as  a  soldier.  His  parents,  who  were  members  of  the 
Society  of  Friends,  sought,  in  obedience  to  their  religious  convic- 
tions, to  dissuade  him  from  this  purpose;  but  finding  him  so 
thoroughly  in  earnest,  they  finally  yielded  to  his  decision,  and  he 
enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Thirty-third  Massachusetts  Volunteers 
on  the  4th  of  August,  1862,  and  was  mustered  into  service  the 
next  day.  The  course  of  instruction  at  the  Bridgewater  Normal 
School  is  provided  by  the  State  gratuitously  to  all  students  who  de- 
clare an  intention  to  become  teachers  in  the  public  schools.  Almy 
entered  the  school  with  this  declaration  of  intention  ;  but,  when 


520  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

he  volunteered  for  the  war  and  afterwards  entered  the  Military 
Academy  without  teaching,  he  decided  to  pay  for  his  instruction, 
and,  although  under  no  legal  obligation  to  do  so,  paid  the  account 
in  full  from  his  first  savings  after  he  had  received  his  commission 
in  the  army.  His  regiment  belonged  to  the  Ninth  Corps,  then  in 
Virginia,  but  before  participating  in  any  action  he  was  discharged 
as  a  corporal  February  5,  1863,  having  received  an  appointment  to 
the  Military  Academy.  He  was  graduated  on  the  17th  of  June, 
1867,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and 
was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  April  15,  1869. 

He  joined  the  regiment  at  Aiken,  S.  C,  on  the  30th  of  October, 
1867,  where  he  had  station  until  September,  1868.  He  was  then 
transferred  to  frontier  service,  and  participated  in  an  Indian  cam- 
paign on  the  western  border  of  Kansas  during  the  fall  of  1868,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek  and  in  the  combats 
on  Shuter  Creek  and  the  north  branch  of  Solomon  Kiver.  He  also 
served  with  the  Canadian  River  expedition  and  in  camp  near 
Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1868-69,  and 
was  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  expedition  from  the 
14th  of  January  to  the  19th  of  February,  1869.  He  was  adjutant 
of  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  during  the  march  across  the  country 
to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  was  engaged  en  route,  during  the 
month  of  May,  in  combats  with  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  on 
Beaver  and  Spring  creeks.  He  served  as  adjutant  of  the  Republi- 
can River  expedition  from  the  9th  of  June  to  the  19th  of  July, 
1869,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek  and  in  the 
brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs.  He  was  regimental  com- 
missary from  July  20,  1869,  to  July  15,  1870  (when  the  grade  was 
abolished  by  an  act  of  Congress),  and  served  during  this  period  at 
Fort  McPherson.  He  was  then  assigned  to  a  company  and  had 
stations  at  Pine. Bluff,  Fort  Sidney,  and  Fort  Laramie  until  No- 
vember, 1871,  when  he  proceeded  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
and  accompanied  the  second  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the 
way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and 
arrived  at  Camp  Grant  February  10,  1872,  where  he  had  station 
until  the  next  December,  when  he  participated  in  the  Apache  cam- 
paign of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged  (commanding  company)  in  the 
action  at  the  Caves  and  the  combat  on  Pinto  Creek.  He  was  twice 
nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  captain, 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS.  521 

to  date  from  December  28,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  action 
at  the  Caves. 

At  the  end  of  the  campaign  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the 
"San  Carlos  Agency.  The  reservation  Indians  embraced  several 
tribes  under  one  management.  They  were  never  wholly  at  peace 
with  each  other,  and  the  efforts  of  the  agent  to  control  them  had 
been  only  partially  successful.  A  few  of  the  leaders  continued  to 
stir  up  dissensions,  and  outbreaks  were  attempted  from  time  to 
time,  until  finally  the  agent  was  compelled  to  ask  for  military 
assistance.  It  was  at  this  crisis  of  affairs  that  Lieutenant  Almy 
was  ordered  to  establish  a  camp  near  the  agency  and  restore,  so 
far  as  possible,  the  authority  of  the  agent,  with  whom  he  was  in- 
structed to  co-operate.  A  number  of  Indian  scouts  were  enlisted 
from  the  warriors  to  assist  in  preserving  order,  and  he  was  assigned 
to  command  them.  His  duties  were  of  a  delicate  nature  and  in- 
volved the  exercise  of  rare  discretion  and  sound  judgment.  An 
injudicious  display  of  force  would  have  driven  every  Indian  from 
the  reservation  to  raid  upon  the  settlements.  Lieutenant  Almy 
was  equal  to  the  emergency,  and  no  better  officer  of  his  grade 
could  have  been  selected  for  the  position.  He  possessed  a  con- 
scientious character  and  above  all  other  considerations  sought 
to  be  just  ;  and,  when  once  assured  of  his  course,  was  firm  and 
unyielding  to  the  end.  He  was  at  the  same  time  kind-hearted  and 
easy  to  approach.  His  uniformly  fair  and  just  dealings  soon  won 
the  confidence  of  the  Indians,  over  whom  he  was  thus  enabled  to 
exercise  considerable  control  and  influence. 

On  the  morning  of  the  27th  of  May,  1873,  when  the  Indians  were 
assembled  for  the  purpose  of  drawing  rations,  one  of  the  warriors 
offered  violence  to  the  agent,  and,  at  his  request,  a  small  guard 
was  ordered  from  the  military  camp  to  arrest  the  offender,  who 
could  not  be  found,  as  he  had  skulked  away  and  was  seemingly  lost 
in  the  crowd.  Lieutenant  Almy  quietly  followed  the  guard  to  the 
agency,  and,  learning  that  the  offender  had  not  been  arrested, 
immediately  resumed  the  search  for  him.  The  approach  of  the 
guard  had  been  viewed  with  suspicion  by  the  Indians,  as  many  of 
them  were  avowed  enemies  of  the  agent  and  feared  an  arrest,  and 
when  the  search  was  resumed  the  excitement  became  very  great. 
The  Indians  began  to  examine  their  arms,  and  it  was  plainly  to  be 
seen  that  to  continue  the  search  would  be  a  perilous  undertaking. 


522  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF    OFFICERS. 

But  Lieutenant  Almy  knew  the  offender  was  somewhere  in  the  ex- 
cited crowd,  and  that  to  hesitate  in  the  presence  of  a  people  quick 
to  detect  any  indication  of  wavering  would  be  a  surrender  of  all 
the  control  and  influence  he  had  acquired  over  them.  He  never 
faltered,  but  pursued  the  search  with  the  utmost  daring,  and  was 
seemingly  unconscious  of  the  peril  of  the  hour.  The  Indians  were 
meanwhile  becoming  more  and  more  intolerant  of  the  rigid  scrutiny. 
Their  excitement  grew  almost  boundless,  but  he  did  not  falter  in 
his  duty.  Suddenly  the  sharp  report  of  a  rifle  rang  out  with  an 
almost  paralyzing  effect  upon  those  who  heard  it,  and  Lieutenant 
Almy  was  seen  staggering  from  the  crowd  with  both  hands  pressed 
to  his  sides,  and,  reeling  forward  a  few  steps,  with  the  exclama- 
tion, "My  God!  it  has  come  at  last,"  fell  dead  in  that  excited 
presence. 

That  scene  can  never  be  forgotten  by  those  who  witnessed  it— 
the  wild  shrieks  of  the  flying  Indians,  the  vengeful  shouts  of  the 
soldiers  as  they  fired  on  them,  the  bleeding  form  of  the  murdered 
officer,  and  the  sickening  sense  of  helplessness  which  was  born 
of  the  fear  that  the  Indians  would  carry  into  execution  their  often- 
repeated  threats  to  massacre  every  white  man  on  the  reservation, 
may  be  imagined  but  not  described.  Some  means  of  defense  were 
extemporized,  a  messenger  dispatched  ninety  miles  for  assist- 
ance, and  the  handful  of  men  were  ready  for  what  might  happen. 
But  the  Indians  did  not  remain  to  carry  their  threats  into  execu- 
tion. They  fled  to  the  mountains  for  refuge  from  the  vengeance 
which  they  felt  would  surely  overtake  them — as  it  did,  one  after 
another  paying  the  penalty  for  their  crime  with  their  lives,  taken 
by  their  own  people,  until  finally,  on  the  30th  of  April,  1874,  the 
murderer  was  killed  by  a  party  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Hamilton,  of  the  regiment,  on  the  south  side  of  Salt  River  and 
south-east  of  the  Big  Canon.  Lieutenant  Almy's  grave  was  pre- 
pared near  a  mesquite-tree,  and  at  sunset  there  was  a  funeral— not 
a  grand,  imposing  spectacle,  but  an  earnest,  thoughtful  demonstra- 
tion of  heartfelt  sorrow,  befitting  men  who  had  to  confront  the 
dangers  of  the  next  day.  The  burial  service  of  the  Episcopal 
Church  was  read,  and  then  his  remains  were  tenderly  committed 
to  their  temporary  resting-place. 

Thus  passed  from  the  roster  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  a  man  "  whose 
remembrance  yet  lives  in  men's  eyes."     His  modesty,  gentleness 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  528 


gained  him  the  good-will  of  most  men. 

He  was  a  devoted  son,  a  stanch  friend,  a  gallant  soldier,  and 
sincerely  honest  in  all  the  relations  of  life.  The  manner  of  his 
death  placed  the  stamp  of  truth  upon  his  actions,  and  it  is  doubtful 
if  the  death-roll  of  the  army  for  that  year  can  show  a  better  or  a 
brighter  name. 


83.  George  F.  Mason  (a  grandson  of  Major- General  Alexan- 
der Macomb,  general-in-chief  of  the  army  of  the  United  States, 
1828-1841)  was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia  about  1845.  He 
was  appointed,  from  Michigan,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  August  19,  1867,  and  was  promoted  a  first 
lieutenant  June  22,  1869. 

He  joined  the  regiment  at  Morganton,  N.  C,  on  the  2d  of  Oc- 
tober, 1867,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  detached 
service,  until  August,  1868,  when  he  was  transfer) ed  to  Raleigh, 
N.  C,  and  thence,  a  few  days  later,  to  frontier  service,  and  partici- 
pated in  an  Indian  campaign  on  the  western  border  of  Kansas 
during  the  fall  of  1868,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  on  Prairie 
Dog  Creek  and  in  the  combats  on  Shuter  Creek  and  the  north 
branch  of  Solomon  River.  He  commanded  a  company  during  the 
Canadian  River  expedition  and  in  camp  near  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  during 
the  winter  and  spring  of  1868-69,  and  marched  with  a  battalion  of 
the  regiment  across  the  country  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and 
was  engaged  en  route,  during  the  month  of  May,  in  combats  with 
hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes  on  Beaver  and  Spring  creeks.  He 
participated  in  the  Republican  River  expedition  of  1869,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affairs  near  Spring  Creek,  in  the  sand-hills  near 
Frenchman's  Fork,  at  Rock  Creek,  and  in  the  brilliant  action  at 
Summit  Springs,  where  he  was  distinguished  for  gallantry. 

He  served  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  and  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  from  July  23,  1869,  to  March  1,  1870,  when  he  died,  about 
three  o'clock  p.m.,  from  the  effects  of  a  pistol-shot  wound  which  was 
received  on  the  morning  of  that  day,  during  an  altercation  with  a 
clerk  of  the  quartermaster's  department. 

He  was  a  man  of  marked  energy  but  very  erratic,  brave  to  a 
fault,  and  sacrificed  his  life  in  seeking  redress  for  an  affront  which 


f)24  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

wus  beneath  his  notice.  His  remains  rest,  in  accordance  with  the 
expressed  wishes  of  his  near  relatives,  in  the  cemetery  at  Fort 
D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo. 


84.  Frank  C.  Morehead  was  born  in  Kentucky.  He  was 
appointed,  from  Missouri,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  September  4,  1867,  and  joined  at  Atlanta,  Ga,,  on 
the  20th  of  November,  where  he  served,  with  occasional  tours  of 
detached  service  in  Kentucky  and  Alabama,  until  the  24th  of 
August,  1868,  when,  the  appointment  having  expired  by  consti- 
tutional limitation,  his  name  was  dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the 
army,  to  date  from  August  9,  1868.  He  was  reappointed  in  the 
regiment  March  11,  1869,  with  his  original  rank,  and  was  promoted 
a  first  lieutenant  January  3,  1870. 

He  rejoined  the  regiment  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  and  served  at  that 
station  until  the  12th  of  April,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier 
service  and  participated  in  the  Republican  River  expedition  of  1869, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the  brilliant  action 
at  Summit  Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg, 
and  in  the  Niobrara  pursuit.  He  was  then  detached  from  the 
expedition  and  served  in  the  field  at  Plum  Creek,  Neb.,  until 
November,  1869,  when  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  (employed  on  field-service  during  the 
spring  and  summer  of  1870)  until  the  1st  of  October,  1870,  when, 
upon  the  reduction  of  the  army,  he  was  honorably  discharged  from 
the  service,  at  his  own  request,  under  the  provisions  of  the  act  of 
Congress  of  July  15,  1870. 

He  returned  to  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  engaged  in  civil  pursuits. 


85.  Bernard  Reilly,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
served  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Seventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  from  November  18,  1861,  to 
July  1,  1863,  and  thereafter  as  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  same  regi- 
ment until  April  21,  1864,  when  he  resigned  and  returned  to  civil 
pursuits.  He  served  chiefly  with  the  Western  armies,  and  was 
wounded  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga. 


MILITARY    RECORD8   OF   OFFICERS.  525 

He  was  appointed,  from  Pennsylvania,  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  4,  1868,  and  was  promoted  a 
first  lieutenant  March  1,  1870.  He  joined  at  Washington  on  the 
8th  of  September,  where  he  had  station  until  March,  1870.  He 
was  then  transferred  to  the  frontier  and  served  at  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,  Wyo.,  and  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  having  occasional  tours 
of  field  service,  until  November,  1871,  when  he  accompanied  the  first 
detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the 
Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Grant  in 
January,  1872,  where  he  had  station  until  the  next  October.  He 
then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  January,  1874, 
when  he  rejoined  at  Camp  Apache,  and  participated  in  the  Apache 
campaign  of  1874,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  (two)  in  the 
Santa  Teresa  Mountains,  near  old  Camp  Pinal,  near  Pinal  Creek 
(where  he  won  a  special  mention  in  the  official  report),  and  in 
seven  minor  affairs,  during  the  month  of  April,  in  the  Pinal  and 
Santa  Teresa  Mountains.  He  also  commanded  an  expedition  to 
the  canon  of  Chevlon's  Fork  of  the  Little  Colorado  River,  where, 
on  the  23d  of  October,  1874,  he  inflicted  a  severe  punishment  upon 
a  band  of  predatory  Indians.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the 
United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  April  1, 
1874,  for  gallant  conduct  in  action  with  Apache  Indians  at  Apache 
(Pinal)  Creek. 

He  then  served  at  Camp  Apache  and  San  Carlos  Agency,  com- 
manding Indian  scouts  and  performing  the  duties  of  commissary 
and  quartermaster,  until  February,  1875,  when  he  availed  himself 
of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  and  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Lyon, 
Col.,  and  proceeded  to  Fort  Gibson,  I.  T.,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  9th  of  September,  and  served  as  commissary  and  adjutant  un- 
til June,  1876.  He  then  proceeded  to  Cheyenne  and  participated 
in  the  Sioux  campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming,  Dakota,  and  Mon- 
tana, and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  near  the  south  branch  of 
Cheyenne  River  and  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  and 
the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

He  was  assigned,  upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  in 
October,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  had  station  until  the  4th 
of  June,  1878,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  and  engaged  in 
the  practice  of  law  at  Topeka,  Kan. 


526  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

?'•  92.  Earl  D.  Thomas  whs  born  in  Illinois.  He  served  during 
the  war  of  the  Kebellion  as  a  private,  corporal,  and  sergeant-major 
in  the  Eighth  Illinois  Cavalry  from  April  1,  1862,  to  April  23, 
1865,  when  he  was  discharged  from  volunteer  service,  having  ac- 
cepted a  cadet  appointment  to  the  Military  Academy. 

He  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  participated  in 
the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost 
daily  skirmishes  with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Rich- 
mond, in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Mechanicsville,  in  the 
seven  days'  battles  ending  in  the  evacuation  of  the  Peninsula,  the 
battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  actions  at  Darnes- 
town  and  Boonsboro,  the  cavalry  campaign  in  Loudon  Valley, 
the  battles  of  Fredericksburg,  Beverly  Ford,  and  Gettysburg,  the 
action  at  Falling  Waters,  and  other  engagements  of  less  impor- 
tance. He  served  with  the  cavalry  corps,  1863-64,  and.  at  Wash- 
ington and  Fairfax  Court-House,  1864—65. 

He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of 
June,  1869,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieuten- 
ant, and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  March  1,  1872.  He  joined 
at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  on  the  30th  of  September,  1869,  where 
he  served,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  March,  1872. 
He  had  a  successful  combat  (commanding)  with  hostile  Sioux  at 
Red  Willow  Creek,  Neb.,  June  8,  1870,  and  was  highly  com- 
mended in  general  orders  for  conspicuous  gallantry  upon  that 
occasion. 

When  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment 'moved  from  Fort 
McPherson  in  November,  1871,  to  Arizona,  he  was  continued  on 
duty  at  that  station  in  charge  of  public  property  until  March, 
1872,  when  he  proceeded  to  Omaha  as  a  witness  before  the  United 
States  court,  and  in  June  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits,  by 
the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona, 
and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in  August. 

He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaigns  of  1872-74,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affair  north  of  the  Four  Peaks,  the  action  at  the 
Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon,  the  affairs  on  Pinto  Creek,  in  the  Music 
Mountains,  in  the  Diamond  River  country  and  in  the  Cerbat 
Mountains.  He  was  also  employed  in  making  a  wagon  road  re- 
connaissance from  Camp  McDowell  to  Wickenberg  in  October, 
1872  ;  in  superintending  the  removal  of  Jamaspaie's  band  of  Apache- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   <>F   OFFICERS.  .        527 

Mojaves  from  the  Colorado  River  to  the  Verde  Reservation  in 
June,  1873;  as  quartermaster  and  commissary  at  Camp  Eualpai, 
preparatory  to  the  abandonment  of  the  station,  July-August, 
1873;  in  operating  against  hostile  Apaches  in  the  Santa  Maria, 
Bradshaw,  and  New  River  Mountains,  December,  1873  ;  in  oper- 
ating against  the  Ilualpais  with  Apache-Mojave  scouts,  Feb- 
ruary-April, 1874,  until  he  compelled  all  the  Indians  belonging 
to  that  tribe  to  surrender  at  the  La  Paz  Reservation  ;  and  as 
depot  quartermaster  at  Fort  Whipple  from  July,  1874,  to  June, 
1875. 

He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a 
brevet  captain,  to  date  from  December  28,  1872,  for  gallant  con- 
duct in  the  engagement  with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  the  Caves  ; 
and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  April  4,  1874,  for  distinguished 
services  in  the  campaign  against  the  Hualpai  Indians. 

He  was  appointed,  March  22,  1875,  an  aide-de-camp  for  Bre- 
vet Major-General  Kautz,  commanding  the  Department  of  Arizo- 
na, and  engineer  officer  on  the  department  staff,  and  discharged 
the  duties  of  these  positions  until  March  6,  1878,  when  he  was  re- 
lieved from  duty  as  an  aide-de-camp  by  the  retirement  of  Brevet 
Major-General  Kautz  from  the  command  of  the  department,  but 
continued  to  serve  as  engineer  officer  on  the  department  staff  until 
April  30,  1878. 

He  was  also  employed  during  this  period  as  a  quartermaster  from 
September  2,  1875,  to  April  16,  1870,  in  connection  with  the  con- 
struction of  military  roads  in  Arizona,  and  his  operations  included 
the  reconnaissance  and  construction  of  wagon  roads  from  Prescott 
to  Skull  Valley  and  from  Prescott  to  Camps  Verde  and  McDowell. 
The  department  commander  mentions  his  excellent  management 
in  the  annual  report  for  1875-76,  and  says  "  that  the  aid  furnished 
through  the  military  service  has  had  the  effect  to  secure  the 
greatest  possible  amount  of  work  that  could  be  obtained  out  of  the 
money  appropriated,  probably  nearly  doubling  the  result  that 
would  have  been  obtained  had  the  work  been  let  to  contractors." 
He  also  made  new  surveys  of  Camps  Grant  (including  the  timber 
lands  of  Mount  Graham),  Verde,  Thomas,  Apache,  and  McDowell. 
After  nearly  six  years  of  important  and  conspicuous  service  in 
Arizona  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  October, 
1878,  when  he  rejoined  the  regiment  at  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  and 


528  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

commanded  a  company  at  that  station  until  January,  1880,  and. 
was  employed  during  May  and  June,  1879,  in  constructing  a 
wagon  road  from  Fort  Washakie  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  and  on  escort 
duty  during  August  and  September,  1879,  with  a  United  States 
surveying  party  in  the  Yellowstone  Park. 

He  was  then  assigned  to  the  important  position  of  quarter- 
master at  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  where  he  was  charged  with  the  duty  of 
forwarding  supplies  to  the  troops  on  Snake  and  White  rivers  until 
June,  1880,  when  he  was  appointed  property  quartermaster  at  the 
headquarters  of  the  Department  of  the  Platte,  and  is  now  serving 
at  Omaha,  Neb.,  in  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of  that  position. 


93.  Charles  H.  Rockwell  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of  June,  1869,  and 
assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  August  29,  1872.  He  served  at  the 
Academy  as  an  assistant  instructor  of  artillery  until  the  28th  of 
August,  when  he  availed  himself  of  the  graduating  leave  of  absence 
and  joined  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  on  the  30th  of  November, 
where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until 
November,  1871,  when  he  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the 
regiment  (commissary  and  quartermaster),  by  the  way  of  San 
Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at 
Camp  Grant  in  January,  1872,  where  he  served  as  a  company 
commander,  commissary,  and  quartermaster  until  October,  when 
he  was  appointed  regimental  quartermaster,  to  date  from  August 
29,  1872,  and  held  the  position  until  October  5,  1876.  He  joined 
the  headquarters  at  Camp  McDowell  on  the  14th  of  December, 
but,  a  few  days  later,  joined  the  troops  in  the  field  and  participated 
in  the  Apache  campaign  of  1873,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair 
on  Pinto  Creek.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States 
Senate  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  April  9,  1873,  for 
gallant  conduct  in  the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache 
Indians.  He  was  a  member  of  a  board  of  officers  which  was  con- 
vened at  Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco  for  the  purchase  of 
cavalry  horses,  April-July,  1873,  and  then  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence  until  January,  1874,  when  he  conducted  a  detach- 
ment from  Benicia  Barracks  to   Arizona,  and  rejoined  the  regi- 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  029 

mental  headquarters  at  Camp  Lowell  in  March,  where  he  served  as 
commissary  and  quartermaster  until  May,  1875.  He  then  marched 
with  the  headquarters,  by  the  way  of  Fort  Bayard,  Santa  Fe,  and 
Fort  Union,  to  Fort  Lyon,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Fort  Hays, 
Kan.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  29th  of  June,  and  served  as  quarter- 
master, with  occasional  details  as  commissary  and  adjutant  (acting 
regimental  adjutant,  November  15,  1875-March  20,  1876),  until 
April,  1876,  when  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  a  board  of 
officers  which  was  convened  for  the  purchase  of  cavalry  horses, 
and  continued  on  that  duty  until  July.  He  then  proceeded  to 
Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  for  the  purpose  of  participating  in  the  Sioux 
campaign  in  Northern  Wyoming,  Dakota,  and  Montana ;  but,, 
being  unable  to  overtake  the  regiment,  was  assigned,  in  August,. 
to  Fort  D.  A.  Eussell,  Wyo.,  where  he  was  employed  in  arming 
and  equipping  recruits  for  the  cavalry  regiments  in  the  field  until 
November,  when  he  was  appointed  chief  commissary  of  the  Powder 
River  expedition,  and  served  in  that  position  until  February,  1877. 
He  then  had  station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  until  May,  when  he 
entered  upon  a  tour  of  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming  which 
continued  until  October.  He  was  engaged  in  the  operations 
against  the  hostile  Nez  Perces,  and  commanded  the  escort  on 
duty  with  the  lieutenant-general  of  the  army  from  Fort  Washakie, 
Wyo.,  by  the  way  of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains,  to  Fort  Custer,. 
Mon.  He  then  served  at  Fort  McPherson  until  January,  1878, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  the  29th  of 
June.  He  rejoined  at  Fort  McPherson  and  commanded  a  company 
until  September  20,  1878,  when  he  was  selected  for  recruiting 
service  and  had  stations  at  St.  Louis  and  Boston  until  October,. 
1880;  when  he  was  transferred  to  Cincinnati  and  thence  to  Jeffer- 
son Barracks,  where  he  had  station  until  January,  1882,  when  he 
rejoined  at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  has  since  served,  with 
occasional  tours  of  detached  service,  being  employed  at  times  as  a. 
company  commander,  post  adjutant,  quartermaster,  commissary,, 
and  as  acting  regimental  adjutant. 


94.  Adolphus  W.  Greely  was  born  at  Newburyport,  Mass. 
He  served  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  private,  corporal,  and 
first  sergeant  in  the  Nineteenth   Massachusetts  Volunteers  from 
34 


530  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

July  26,  1861,  to  March  18,  1863,  when  he  was  appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Eighty-first  United  States  Colored  Troops.  He 
was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant  April  26,  1864, 
and  a  captain  April  4,  1865.  He  participated  in  the  action  at 
Ball's  Bluff,  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  action  at  West  Point, 
the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  the  affair  before  Richmond  known  as 
Heintzelman's  skirmish,  the  action  at  Peach  Orchard,  the  skir- 
mish at  Savage  Station,  the  battles  of  White  Oak  Swamp  (wounded) 
and  Malvern  Hill,  the  affair  near  Fairfax  Court-House,  the  battle 
of  Antietam  (twice  wounded,  and  in  hospital  until  November  10, 
1862)  ;  with  the  forlorn  hope  that  crossed  the  Rappahannock  De- 
cember 11,  1862,  and  in  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg.  He  was 
then  transferred  to  the  West  and  participated  in  the  siege  of  Port 
Hudson.  His  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service  November  1, 
1866,  but  he  was  retained  until  March  22,  1867,  when  he  was 
honorably  discharged  and  made  a  brevet  major  of  volunteers, 
to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Louisiana,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Thirty-sixth  (present  Seventh)  Infantry  March  7,  1867,  and  was 
employed  for  some  time  on  recruiting  service  for  the  Thirty-ninth 
Infantry  and  Ninth  Cavalry.  He  was  transferred,  upon  the  reduc- 
tion of  the  army,  to  the  Second  Artillery,  to  date  from  July  14, 
1869,  but  the  order  was  subsequently  revoked  and  he  was  assigned, 
August  7,  1869,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  with  the  same  date,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  27,  1873.  He  was  serving  as  acting 
chief  signal  officer  of  the  Department  of  the  Platte  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  regiment,  and  continued  on  that  duty  until 
March,  1871,  when  he  joined  his  company  at  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo., 
where  he  served  as  a  company  commander,  commissary,  and  quar- 
termaster until  July,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  office  of 
the  chief  signal  officer  of  the  army,  where  he  served  until  June, 
1881,  and  was  employed  as  a  station  inspector,  as  superintendent 
of  the  construction  of  military  telegraph  lines  in  Texas,  and  as  a 
general  assistant  in  the  Washington  office.  He  was  assigned  to  the 
command  of  the  Arctic  expedition  of  1880,  but  the  order  was 
subsequently  revoked  because  of  an  unfavorable  report  made  by 
a  board  of  naval  officers  upon  the  vessel  which  had  been  selected 
for   the  service.      The  Lady  Franklin    Bay  expedition  was  then 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  531 

organized  during  the  spring  and  summer  of  1881,  and  in  July  he 
sailed  from  St.  John's,  N.  F.,  in  command,  with  the  intention  of 
remaining  absent  for  two  years.  The  object  of  the  expedition 
is  to  establish  a  supply  and  meteorological  station  at  Lady  Franklin 
Bay  and  make  explorations  northward  from  that  place.  Lieu- 
tenant Greely  was  for  six  years  a  student  of  Arctic  explorations, 
and  his  experiences  of  twelve  years  in  the  signal  service  of  the 
army,  particularly  in  compiling  observations  and  forecasting  the 
daily  weather  reports,  have  been  such  as  to  qualify  him  for  the 
scientific  part  of  the  work,  and  it  is  hoped  that  the  result  of  his 
researches  will  add  valuable  information  to  the  subject  of  Arctic 
explorations. 


95.  Phineas  P.  Barnard  was  born  in  New  York.  He  served 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  an  assistant  quartermaster  of 
volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  from  May  13,  1863,  to  Decem- 
ber 6,  18G5,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major  of  volunteers,  to  date 
from  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services.  He 
was  appointed,  from  Michigan,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fourth 
Infantry,  to  date  from  March  7,  1867,  and  was  made,  to  date  from 
the  same  day,  a  brevet  first  lieutenant  and  a  brevet  captain  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
He  served  at  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  until  March  23,  1869,  when  he 
was  placed  on  the  list  of  unassigned  officers,  where  he  remained 
until  July  14,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 
He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  4,  1875.  He  joined  at 
Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  September,  1869,  where  he  had  station, 
with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  November,  1871,  when 
he  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way 
of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and 
arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in  January,  1872,  where  he  served  as 
commissary  and  quartermaster  until  June,  and  thereafter  as  receiv- 
ing and  shipping  quartermaster  at  Ehrenberg,  on  the  Colorado 
River,  until  May,  1875,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  September.  He  then  joined  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan., 
and  served  at  that  station,  Fort  Robinson  and  Fort  McPherson, 
Neb.,  and  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  until  October,  1879,  and  was 
chiefly  employed  as  commissary  and  quartermaster  and  command- 


532  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ing  a  company  during  the  summer  of  1878.  He  was  ordered  before 
a  Retiring  Board  in  December,  1879,  and,  having  been  found  incapa- 
citated for  active  service,  was  granted  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until 
further  orders. 


96.  William  P.  Hall  was  born  in  Missouri.     He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of  June,  1868,  and 
assigned  to  the  Nineteenth  Infantry  as  a  second  lieutenant.     He 
served  with  his  regiment  at  Batesville,  Ark.,  until  March  31, 1869, 
when  he  was  placed  on  the  list  of  unassigned  officers,  where  he 
remained  until  July  14,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  1,  1876.     He 
joined  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  August  22,  1869,  and  served  with 
the  Republican  River  expedition  until  November,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  affair  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek.     He  then  had  stations  at  Fort 
McPherson,  Plum  Creek,  and  North  Platte,  with  occasional  tours 
of  field-service,  until  November,  1871,  when  he  availed  himself  of 
a  leave  of  absence  until  February,  1872.     He  then  rejoined  at  Fort 
D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  and  a  few  weeks  later  accompanied  a  detach- 
ment of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf 
of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Crittenden  in  June, 
where  he  commanded  a  company  and  the  post  until  January,  1873, 
and  was  charged  with  the  difficult  duty  of  protecting  the  settlers 
in  the  Senoita  Valley  against  the  incursions  of  predatory  Apaches 
who  infested  the  border.     During  this  period  he  had  three  affairs 
(in  the  Valley)  and  one  combat  (Whetstone  Mountains)  with  the 
enemy,  and  conducted  his  operations  with  so  much  energy  and 
judgment  as  to  win  the  congratulations  of  the  department  com- 
mander.    He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaign  of  1873  ;  served 
as  commissary  (relieved  July,  1874)  and  quartermaster  at  Camp 
Grant  from  October,  1873,  to  September,  1874,  when  he  availed 
himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until  September,  1875.     He 
was  then  assigned  to  temporary  duty  at  St.  Louis  Barracks,  where 
he  served  until  December,  when  he  rejoined  at  Fort  Dodge,  Kan., 
where  he  had  station  (post  adjutant)   until  June,  1876,  when  he 
was  appointed  acting  regimental  quartermaster,  and  participated 
in    the   Sioux  campaign  in   Northern  Wyoming   and  in   the  Big 
Horn   and  Yellowstone  expedition  of  1876,  and  was  engaged  in 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  533 

the  affair  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  "Wyo.,  and  in  the  skir- 
mish at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  He  was  appointed  regimental  quarter- 
master October  5,  1876,  and  had  station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 
until  April,  1880.  He  was  also  employed  as  quartermaster  for  the 
Wind  River  expedition  of  1877,  for  the  field  operations  of  the 
regiment  in  Northern  Wyoming  during  the  summer  of  1878,  and 
as  chief  quartermaster  for  the  expedition  against  the  hostile  Utes 
of  Colorado  during  the  fall  of  1879,  and  participated  in  raising  the 
siege  and  actiou  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  and  in  the  affair  (command- 
ing) at  Rifle  Creek,  Col.,  October  20,  1879,  where  he  repelled  the 
attacks  of  a  superior  force  of  the  enemy  and  successfully  extri- 
cated his  small  command  from  a  perilous  position.  He  changed 
station  in  April,  1880,  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  as 
post  and  regimental  quartermaster  until  August,  1882,  when  he 
was  transferred  with  the  regimental  headquarters  to  Fort  Sidney, 
Neb.,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  post  and  regimental  quarter- 
master and  commissary  of  subsistence. 


97.  Walter  S.  Schuyler  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  loth  of  June,  1870, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  July  29,  1876.  He  joined  at  Fort  D. 
A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  on  the  9th  of  October,  where  he  served  (on 
escort  duty  with  a  surveying  party  during  the  summer  of  1871) 
until  December,  1871,  when  he  accompanied  the  second  detach- 
ment of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf 
of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  in 
February,  1872,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of 
detached  duty,  until  June.  He  then  entered  upon  a  tour  of  field 
service,  which  continued,  with  few  interruptions,  until  Feb- 
ruary. 1875.  He  participated  in  all  the  Apache  campaigns  of 
that  period,  and  Avas  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Muclios 
Cafions  ;  the  affairs  on  the  Santa  Maria,  Sycamore  Creek,  and  in 
the  Red  Rock  country  ;  the  actions  (commanding)  on  Pinto  Creek, 
on  Lost  River,  on  the  Black  Mesa,  on  the  cast  branch  of  the  Verde 
River,  on  Cave  Creek,  on  Canon  Creek,  in  the  Superstition  and 
Arivapa  mountains  ;  near  the  Gila  River,  in  the  Mazatzal  Moun- 
tains ;  on  the  west  side  of  the  Four  Peaks  ;  in  the  Four  Peaks,  and 


534  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

near  the  north  peak  of  the  Mazatzal  Mountains.  He  superintended 
the  removal  of  the  Apache-Yuma  Indians  from  Camp  Date  Creek 
to  the  Verde  reservation  in  May,  1873,  and  was  in  charge  of  the 
agency  for  several  months.  He  was  among  the  most  active,  untir- 
ing, and  successful  of  the  young  officers  who  participated  in  the 
Apache  campaigns  of  1872-75,  and  was  twice  nominated  to  the 
United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from 
September  25,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  engagement  at 
Muchos  Canons ;  a  brevet  captain,  to  date  from  June  20,  1873,  for 
gallant  conduct  in. the  engagement  on  Lost  River;  a  brevet  major, 
to  date  from  April  28,  1874,  for  gallantry  in  the  action  at  Salt 
Kiver  ;  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  May  14,  1874, 
for  gallant  conduct  in  the  engagement  in  the  Red  Eock  country. 

He  availed  himself,  in  April,  1875,  of  a  leave  of  absence  and 
visited  Europe,  and  upon  his  return  to  the  United  States  re- 
joined at  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  in  March,  1876,  and  served  as  acting 
regimental  adjutant  until  the  1st  of  June,  when  he  Avas  appointed 
an  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier-General  George  Crook,  and  imme- 
diately proceeded  to  Fort  Fetterman,  whence  he  made  a  daring 
march,  with  a  few  men,  across  the  country,  which  was  infested 
with  hostile  Sioux,  to  Goose  Creek,  Wyo.,  where  he  joined  the 
general  and  participated  in  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedi- 
tion and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  He 
participated  in  the  Powder  River  expedition  during  the  winter  of 
1876-77,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bates  Creek 
(north  branch  of  Powder  River),  where  he  was  distinguished  for 
good  judgment  and  conspicuous  gallantry.  He  served  with  the 
expedition  against  the  hostile  Utes  of  Colorado  during  the  march 
from  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  in  October,  1879,  to  the  relief  of  the  besieged 
troops  on  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  and  participated  in  raising  the  siege 
and  action  at  that  place  on  the  5th.  He  was  on  a  leave  of  absence 
from  January,  1880,  to  January,  1882,  when  he  was  relieved,  at  his 
own  request,  from  duty  as  an  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier-General 
George  Crook,  and  joined  his  company  at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where 
he  is  now  serving. 


98.  Frank  Michler  was  born  in  New  York.     He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of  June,  1870,  and 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  535 

assigned  to  the  Fifth  Oavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  November  12,  1870.  lie  joined  at 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  on  the  9th  of  October,  where  he  had 
station  (serving  at  Chug  Water,  August-September,  1871)  until 
December,  1871,  when  he  accompanied  the  second  detachment  of 
the  regiment  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  en  route  to  Arizona. 
He  was  detached  at  San  Diego  and  marched  overland,  in  charge 
of  men  and  horses,  to  Fort  Yuma,  where  he  rejoined  his  company 
and  arrived  at  Camp  Hualpai  in  February,  1872.  He  was  engaged 
in  a  skirmish  in  the  Big  Canon  of  Bill  Williams'  Fork  on  the 
5th  of  July,  1872.  He  participated  in  the  Apache  campaigns 
of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Muchos 
Canons,  the  affairs  on  the  Santa  Maria  and  Sycamore  Creek,  the 
actions  (commanding)  on  Oak  Creek,  Sycamore  Creek,  in  the 
Eed  Rocks,  on  Clear  Creek,  on  Tonto  Creek,  and  in  the  Mazatzal 
Mountains.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate 
to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  September  25,  1872, 
for  gallant  conduct  in  the  engagement  at  Muchos  Canons  ;  and  a 
brevet  captain,  to  date  from  January  22,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  an  engagement  at  the  head  of  Tonto  Creek.  He  served  at 
Camp  Hualpai  from  the  10th  of  April  to  the  5th  of  July,  1873, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  until  January  10, 
1874,  when  he  was  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  for  Major-General 
Schofield,  and  served  at  San  Francisco  and  West  Point  until  July 
1,  1878,  and  thereafter  as  adjutant  of  the  Military  Academy  until 
February  28,  1881.  He  was  then  relieved  and  granted  a  leave 
of  absence  until  October,  when  he  joined  his  company  at  Fort 
Niobrara,  Neb.  He  was  employed  during  April,  May,  and  June, 
1882,  in  making  a  survey  of  a  part  of  South-west  Dakota,  with  a 
view  to  laying  out  a  wagon  road  across  the  Sioux  reservation,  in 
accordance  with  treaty  stipulations,  the  road  beginning  at  Fort 
Niobrara,  Neb. 

He  changed  station,  in  August,  1882,  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  and  thence,  in  November,  to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he 
is  now  serving. 


99.  George  B.  Davis  was  born  in  Massachusetts.     He  served 
during  the   war  of  the   Rebellion  as    a  sergeant,  quartermaster- 


536  MILITAKY   EECOEDS   OF   OFFICEES. 

sergeant,  and  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry 
from  September  10,  1863,  to  July  16,  1865,  when  he  was  discharged, 
to  date  from  June  26,  1865.  He  participated  in  the  Richmond  and 
Petersburg  campaigns  of  1864-65,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles 
of  the  Wilderness  and  Todd's  Tavern ;  in  General  Sheridan's 
cavalry  raid  (May,  1864)  ;  the  actions  at  Beaver  Dam,  Yellow 
Tavern,  and  Meadow  Bridge  ;  the  battle  of  Hawes'  Shop  ;  the 
actions  on  the  Jerusalem  Plank  Road ;  the  siege  of  Petersburg, 
including  the  actions  (three)  on  the  Weldon  Railway,  Strawberry 
Plains,  Deep  Bottom,  Ream's  Station,  and  Hatcher's  Run.  He 
served  at  the  headquarters  of  the  armies  operating  against  Rich- 
mond, March-May,  1865,  and  at  the  headquarters  of  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  May-June,  1865. 

He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  12th  of 
June,  1871,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant, 
and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  9,  1877.  He  joined  at 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  on  the  29th  of  September,  where  he 
had  station  until  December,  when  he  accompanied  the  second 
detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and 
the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Bowie 
in  February,  1872,  where  he  served  as  commissary  and  quarter- 
master until  the  19th  of  August.  He  was  then  assigned  to  field- 
service  at  Calabasas,  where  he  remained  until  November,  when  he 
returned  to  Camp  Bowie  and  served,  with  occasional  tours  of  field- 
service,  until  August  9,  1873,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  the 
Military  Academy  as  assistant  professor  of  Spanish  from  August 
30,  1873,  to  August  28,  1875 ;  as  assistant  professor  of  French  from 
the  12th  of  January  to  the  21st  of  September,  1876  ;  as  assistant 
professor  of  chemistry,  mineralogy,  and  geology  from  January  16, 
1877,  to  January  12,  1878  ;  and  as  principal  assistant  professor  of 
Spanish  from  August  28,  1875,  to  August  28,  1878.  He  rejoined 
the  regiment  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte  in  September,  1878, 
and  participated  (commanding  company),  during  October,  in  the 
pursuit  of  hostile  Cheyennes  northward  from  Sidney  into  the 
sand-hills  of  North-western  Nebraska.  He  then  marched  to  Fort 
Washakie,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  as  a  company  commander 
until  December,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
where  he  served  as  a  company  commander,  commissary,  quarter- 
master, and    ordnance   officer   until   April,    1880,   when  he  was 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OP   OFFICERS.  537 

transferred  to  Fort  Niobrara,  in  Northern  Nebraska,  where  he  lias 
since  served,  with  occasional  tours  of  detached  service  and  Leaves  of 
absence,  as  a  company  commander,  commissary,  and  quartermaster. 


100.  Charles  D.  Parkhurst  was  born  at  Roxbury,  Mass. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June, 
1872,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant, 
and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  August  23,  1878.  He  availed 
himself  of  the  graduating  leave  until  the  23d  of  September,  when 
he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Benicia  Barracks  (conducting  recruits 
to  Nevada)  and  San  Francisco  until  the  19th  of  October,  when  he 
sailed  on  the  steamship  Neivbern  as  commissary  and  quartermaster 
for  a  detachment  of  recruits,  by  the  way  of  the  Gulf  of  California 
and  the  Colorado  River,  to  Arizona,  and  joined  his  company  at 
Camp  Date  Creek  on  the  29th  of  November.  He  participated  in 
the  Apache  campaign  of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs 
on  the  north  fork  of  Baby  Canon  (commanding)  ;  in  repulsing  a 
night  attack  at  the  forks  of  Baby  Canon  ;  at  Indian  Run,  and 
on  the  east  branch  of  the  Verde  River.  He  served  as  adjutant  at 
Camp  Date  Creek,  March-May,  1873,  and  as  adjutant,  company 
commander,  signal  officer,  commissary,  and  quartermaster  at  Camp 
McDowell  (commanding  post  July-September,  1874)  until  May, 
1875,  having  occasional  tours  of  field-service.  He  participated  in 
the  Apache  campaign  of  1874,  and  was  engaged  in  three  affairs 
in  the  Arivapa  and  Mazatzal  mountains  during  April  and  May, 
1874.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be 
a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  January  1,  1873,  for  gallant 
conduct  in  the  Tonto  Basin.  He  was  on  a  leave  of  absence  from 
the  14th  of  May  to  the  14th  of  October,  1875,  when  he  rejoined  at 
Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of 
field-service,  until  July  17,  1876.  He  then  proceeded  by  rail  to 
Cheyenne,  and  marched  thence  to  Goose  Creek,  Wyo.,  where  he 
joined  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  and  was  engaged 
in  the  skirmish  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

Upon  the  disbandmentof  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb., 
in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where  he 
had  station  until  August,  1877,  and  was  employed  in  Omaha 
during  the  railway  riots  of  July,  1877.     He  then  participated  in 


538  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

the  operations  of  the  Wind  River  expedition  against  the  Nez 
Perces  during  September  and  October,  1877,  and  upon  the  dis- 
bandment  of  the  expedition  was  assigned  to  Fort  McKinney, 
Wyo.,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field- service, 
until  September,  1878.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  July,  1879,  when  he  rejoined  at  Fort  McPherson 
and  commanded  a  company  at  that  station  and  during  the  opera- 
tions of  the  expedition  against  the  hostile  Utes  of  Colorado  until 
October,  and  thereafter  served  on  company  duty  until  January, 
1880,  when  he  was  appointed  quartermaster  of  the  Ute  expedition, 
and  discharged  the  duties  of  the  position  until  May,  1880,  when  he 
rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Robinson,  where  he  served  chiefly 
as  quartermaster  until  March,  1882.  He  then  changed  station 
to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  served  as  a  company  commander 
and  quartermaster  until  August,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Fort  McKinney,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  a  company  comman- 
der. 


101.  Charles  H.  Watts  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June,  1872, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  April  2,  1879.  He  availed  himself  of 
the  graduating  leave  until  the  26th  of  September,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  duty  at  Benicia  Barracks  until  the  19th  of  October, 
when  he  sailed  on  the  steamship  Newbern  with  a  detachment  of 
recruits,  by  the  way  of  the  Gulf  of  California  and  the  Colorado 
River,  to  Arizona,  and  joined  the  regiment  at  Camp  Lowell  on 
the  30th  of  November,  and  conducted  a  detachment  of  recruits 
to  Camp  McDowell,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Camp  Grant,  where 
he  arrived  on  the  27th  of  December,  and  was  employed  as  quarter- 
master until  February  1,  1873,  when  he  joined  his  company  in 
the  field  and  participated  in  the  Apache  campaign  of  that  year. 
He  was  present  at  the  outbreak  at  the  San  Carlos  Agency  which 
resulted  in  the  death  of  Lieutenant  Almy,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  affairs  in  the  Santa  Teresa  Mountains  and  near  the  San 
Carlos  Agency.  He  commanded  a  company  at  San  Carlos  Agency 
and  Camp  Grant,  with  few  interruptions,  from  May,  1873,  to 
January,  1875,  and  was  employed  in  garrison  duties,  with  occasional 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  539 

tours  of  field-service.  He  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United 
States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  April  9, 
1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  closing  campaign  against  the 
Ton  to- Apache  Indians. 

lie  marched,  in  May,  1875,  with  the  first  detachment  of  the 
regiment,  by  the  way  of  the  Rio  Grande,  Santa  Fe,  and  Fort 
Union,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  25th  of  June 
and  had  station  until  October.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a 
leave  of  absence  until  January,  1870,  when  he  rejoined  at  Fort 
Lyon,  where  he  served  until  the  5th  of  June.  He  then  pro- 
ceeded by  rail  to  Cheyenne,  and  marched  thence  to  the  Black 
Hills  of  "Wyoming  and  participated  in  the  operations  against  the 
hostile  Sioux  until  the  7th  of  July,  when  he  was  wounded  by  the 
accidental  discharge  of  a  pistol  and  disabled  for  duty  until  De- 
cember, when  he  rejoined  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where  he  had 
station  until  November,  1877.  He  was  employed  at  Chicago 
(commanding  company)  during  the  railway  riots  of  July,  1877, 
and  participated  in  the  operations  of  the  Wind  River  expedition 
against  the  Nez  Perees  (commanding  company)  during  September 
and  October,  1877. 

Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  he  was  assigned  to 
Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  until  May,  1878,  when  he 
entered  upon  a  tour  of  field-service  with  a  battalion  of  the  regi- 
ment, which  continued  until  December.  He  was  then  assigned  to 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  September, 
1879,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until 
April,  1880.  He  then  rejoined  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  and  soon 
thereafter  was  transferred  to  Camp  Sheridan,  Neb.,  where  he 
served  as  a  post  and  company  commander  until  May,  1881,  when 
he  changed  station  to  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  where  he  is  now 
serving. 


102.  Robert  London  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  13th  of  June,  1873, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  1,  1879.  He  reported  at  damp 
Lowell,  A.  T.,  on  the  18th  of  November,  and  joined  his  company 
at  Camp  Grant  on  the  12th  of  December.     He  participated  in  the 


540  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Apache  campaign  of  1874,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  near  old 
Camp  Pinal ;  the  affairs  (six)  in  the  Piual  and  Santa  Teresa  moun- 
tains ;  north  of  San  Carlos  Agency  and  on  the  south  side  of  Salt 
River,  south-east  of  the  Big  Canon  (where  the  murderer  of  Lieu- 
tenant Almy  was  killed).  He  was  commended  in  the  official  report 
for  valuable  services  during  these  operations,  and  was  twice  nomi- 
nated to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to 
date  from  April  3,  1874,  for  gallant  and  distinguished  services  in  the 
campaign  against  the  San  Carlos  Apache  Indians.  He  served  as 
commissary  at  San  Carlos  Agency,  May-November,  1874,  and  at 
Camp  Apache,  with  tours  of  field-service,  until  June,  1875,  when 
he  returned  to  San  Carlos  in  command  of  a  company;  but  orders 
having  arrived  for  the  transfer  of  the  regiment  to  the  Department 
of  the  Missouri,  he  returned  to  Camp  Apache  in  July,  and 
marched,  by  the  way  of  Fort  Wingate,  Santa  Fe,  and  Fort  Union, 
to  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  and  proceeded  thence  to  Fort  Gibson,  I.  T., 
where  he  arrived  in  September  and  served  as  adjutant  and 
commissary  until  December.  He  then  availed  himself  of  a  leave 
of  absence  until  February,  1876,  when  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at 
St.  Louis  Barracks,  where  he  served  until  June,  when  he  rejoined 
his  company  and  participated  in  the  campaign  against  the  hostile 
Sioux  in  the  Black  Hills  of  Wyoming  and  in  the  Big  Horn  and 
Yellowstone  expedition,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  on  the 
south  branch  of  Cheyenne  Eiver  and  at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek), 
Wyo.,  and  in  the  skirmishes  at  Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson, 
Neb.,  in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where 
he  had  station  until  June,  1879,  and  was  employed  during  the 
summer  of  1877  as  quartermaster  for  a  battalion  of  the  Fifth 
Cavalry  operating  in  Northern  Wyoming  and  in  field  operations 
in  Idaho  Territory  during  the  summer  of  1878.  He  commanded 
a  company,  with  few  interruptions,  from  December,  1878,  to 
December,  1880;  served  at  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  from  July  to 
October,  1879,  and  marched  thence  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  where  he 
served  with  the  reserve  of  the  Ute  expedition  until  November, 
lie  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  had  station 
until  April,  1880,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo., 
where  he  is  now  serving. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  541 

103.  George  0.  Eaton  whs  born  in  M;iinc.  lie  enlisted 
in  the  Fifteenth  Maine  (veteran)  Volunteers,  at  Belfast,  on  the 
1st  of  February,  1865,  and  served  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley  until 
the  assassination  of  President  Lincoln,  when  his  regiment  was 
dispatched  to  Washington  and  employed  on  guard-duty  during 
the  trial  of  the  conspirators.  His  regiment  was  transferred  to 
Savannah,  Ga.,  after  the  Grand  Review,  as  part  of  an  army 
intended  to  operate  against  the  French  troops  in  Mexico,  and 
remained  there  for  some  time,  when  it  was  ordered  to  George- 
town, 8.  C.,  and  he  was  honorably  discharged  at  Hilton  Head  on 
the  11th  of  August,  1865.  Four  years  later  he  accepted  an 
appointment  to  the  Military  Academy,  where  he  was  graduated  on 
the  13th  of  June,  1873,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  May  1, 
1879.  He  was  assigned  to  duty  with  a  detachment  of  recruits  at 
Benicia  Barracks,  Cal.,  and  sailed,  by  the  way  of  the  Gulf  of 
California  and  the  Colorado  River,  to  Fort  Yuma,  and  marched 
thence  to  Camp  Verde,  where  he  arrived  on  the  19th  of  December, 
and  served  during  his  tour  of  duty  in  Arizona  as  a  company 
commander,  commissary,  and  quartermaster.  He  participated  in 
the  Apache  campaign  of  1874,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  at 
Sunset  Pass  and  in  the  affairs  (two)  at  Snow  Lake,  near  Jarvis 
Pass  (commanding),  and  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United 
States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  Decem- 
ber 5,  1874,  for  gallant  and  distinguished  conduct  in  a  scout 
made  by  him  through  the  country  in  the  neighborhood  of  Jarvis 
Pass  and  Little  Colorado  River  during  November,  1874.  He 
commanded  a  company  of  Indian  scouts  at  the  Verde  Reserva- 
tion, and  later  the  escort  which  conducted  the  Verde  Indians  to 
San  Carlos  Agency,  and  rendered  important  service  on  the  east 
branch  of  the  Verde  River,  where  the  Indians  engaged  in  a  tight 
among  themselves,  which  resulted  in  a  loss  of  eighteen  killed  and 
fifty  wounded  before  he  could  interpose  his  authority  and  restore 
order.  He  had  only  sixteen  men,  and  the  occasion  demanded 
the  exercise  of  rare  judgment  and  superb  courage.  His  report  of 
the  affair  was  submitted  just  as  the  change  of  department  com- 
manders was  made,  and  but  for  this  his  services  upon  that  trying 
occasion  would  have  received  a  conspicuous  mention. 

He  marched,  in  May,  1875,  from  Camp  Verde,  by  the  way  of 


542  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Fort  Wingate,  Santa  Fe,  and  Fort  Union,  to  Fort  Lyon,  Col., 
and  proceeded  thence  to  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  where  he  arrived  on 
the  29th  of  June  and  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field- 
service,  until  May,  1876,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  July.  He  then  rejoined  his  company  and  partici- 
pated in  the  campaign  against  the  hostile  Sioux  in  the  Black 
Hills  of  Wyoming,  and  was  serving  with  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellow- 
stone expedition  when  he  was  wounded  at  Rose  Bud  Creek,  Mon., 
on  the  7th  of  August,  by  the  accidental  discharge  of  a  pistol 
while  he  was  attempting  to  check  a  night  stampede  of  the  horses 
belonging  to  his  company.  He  served  with  the  command  to  the 
mouth  of  Powder  River,  when  he  was  detached  for  medical  treat- 
ment, and  rejoined  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  in  September, 
where  he  had  station  until  July,  1879  (sick-leave,  April,  1877,  to 
February,  1878  ;  commissary  and  quartermaster,  April,  1878,  to 
July,  1879),  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence  until 
October,  1880.  He  then  rejoined  at  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where 
he  served  until  July,  1881,  when  he  was  detached  to  Tongue 
River,  Mon.,  for  escort  duty  to  the  Yellowstone  Park  with  the 
lieutenant-general  of  the  army ;  and  upon  the  completion  of  this 
duty  in  September  he  returned  to  Fort  Laramie,  where  he  served 
until  the  summer  of  1882,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of 
absence  until  March,  1883. 


104.  Hoel  S.  Bishop  was  born  in  Wisconsin.  He  was  gradu- 
ated from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  loth  of  June,  1873,  and 
assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant,  and  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  June  1,  1879.  He  was  assigned  to 
duty  with  a  detachment  of  recruits  at  Benicia  Barracks,  Cal., 
and  sailed,  by  the  way  of  the  Gulf  of  California  and  the  Colorado 
River,  to  Fort  Yuma,  and  marched  thence  to  Fort  Whipple,  where 
he  arrived  on  the  14th  of  December  and  had  station  during  his 
tour  of  service  in  Arizona.  He  participated  in  the  Apache  cam- 
paign of  1874,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  in  the  Diamond 
River  country  and  at  Mears'  Wells  in  the  Cerbat  Mountains,  and 
was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  brevet 
first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  April  4,  1874,  for  distinguished  ser- 
vices in  the  campaign  against  the  Hualpai  Indians. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  r>4.'} 

ITe  marched,  in  July,  1875,  from  Fort  Whipple,  by  the  way  of 
Fort  Wingate,  Santa  Fe,  Forts  Union,  Lyon,  and  Dodge,  to  Camp 
Supply,  I.  T.,  where  he  arrived  in  September,  and  had  station. 
with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  until  June,  1876,  and  was 
highly  commended  by  the  department  commander  for  prompt- 
ness, energy,  and  efficiency  in  a  successful  pursuit  and  chastise- 
ment of  a  party  of  Osage  Indians  near  the  Cimarron  River  on  the 
22d  of  January,  1876.  He  participated  in  the  campaign  against 
the  Sioux  in  the  Black  Hills  of  Wyoming  and  in  the  Big  Horn 
and  Yellowstone  expedition  of  1876,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair 
at  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  and  in  the  skirmishes  at 
Slim  Buttes,  Dak.  Upon  the  disbandment  of  the  expedition  at 
Fort  Robinson,  ISTeb.,  in  October,  he  was  assigned  to  Fort  Mc- 
Pherson,  Neb.,  where  he  had  station  until  August,  1877,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  and  participated  (com- 
manding Indian  scouts)  in  the  Wind  River  expedition  against  the 
Nez  Forces.  He  then  served  as  adjutant,  commissary,  and  quar- 
termaster at  Fort  Washakie  from  October,  1877,  to  July,  1879. 
He  captured,  after  a  vigorous  pursuit,  a  band  of  Bannack  Indians 
on  Buffalo  Fork  of  Snake  River,  twenty  miles  south  of  the  Yel- 
lowstone Park,  on  the  16th  of  September,  1878.  He  was  then 
transferred  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  until 
October,  1879,  when  he  participated  in  the  movement  against  the 
Utes  of  Colorado,  and  was  engaged  in  raising  the  siege  and 
action  at  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  on  the  5th  of  October.  He  served  as 
chief  commissary  of  the  Ute  expedition  until  December,  1879, 
and  thereafter  commanded  the  battalion  of  the  regiment  on  White 
River,  Col.,  until  March,  1880,  when  he  returned  to  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,  where  he  had  station  until  April.  He  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  and  was  selected  in  October  for 
recruiting  service,  and  served  at  Jefferson  Barracks  until  October, 
1882,  when  he  rejoined  his  company  at  Fort  Laramie,  where  he  is 
now  serving. 


544  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 


SECOND   LIEUTENANTS. 

3.  George  B.  Anderson  was  born  at  Wilmington,  N.  0., 
in  1831.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the 
1st  of  July,  1852,  and  assigned  to  the  Second  Dragoons  (pres- 
ent Second  Cavalry)  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  and  was  pro- 
moted, in  that  regiment,  a  second  lieutenant  March  21,  1854.  He 
served  at  Carlisle,  on  the  Pacific  Eailway  reconnaissance,  in  New 
Mexico,  and  against  hostile  Indians  in  Southern  Oregon,  1852-55. 
He  was  serving  in  Texas  when  he  declined  (April  18,  1855)  the 
appointment  of  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  March  3,  1855.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant 
December  13,  1855,  and  served  in  Texas,  Kansas,  Utah,  and  Ne- 
braska until  1860,  and  was  adjutant  of  the  Second  Dragoons  from 
the  27th  of  May  to  the  1st  of  September,  1857,  and  from  August 
8,  1858,  to  June  24,  1859.  He  was  on  recruiting  service  at  the 
beginning  of  the  Eebellion,  and  tendered  his  resignation,  which 
was  accepted  April  25,  1861.  He  then  entered  the  Confederate 
service  as  a  brigadier-general,  and  commanded  the  North  Carolina 
coast-defenses  in  November,  1861,  and  led  a  brigade  at  the  battle 
of  Antietam,  where  he  l-eceived  a  wound  in  the  foot  which  finally 
caused  his  death,  at  Raleigh,  N.  C,  October  16,  1862. 


6.  Edwin  K.  Merrifield  was  born  in  New  York.  He  served 
in  the  war  with  Mexico  as  a  second  lieutenant  (appointed  from 
Michigan)  in  the  Fifteenth  Infantry  from  March  9,  1847,  to  Feb- 
ruary 17,  1848,  when  he  resigned  his  commission  and  returned  to 
civil  pursuits.  He  declined,  May  3,  1855,  an  appointment  as  a 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
March  3,  1855,  and  later  declined  an  appointment  as  a  first  lieu- 
tenant in  the  Ninth  Infantry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855. 


7.  George  Hartwell  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  ap- 
pointed, from  Wisconsin,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  resigned, 
August  21,  1855,  without  having  joined  the  regiment. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  545 

10.  Egbert  C.  Wood,  Jr.  (a  son  of  Assistant  Surgeon-General 
Robert  C.  Wood,  U.  S.  army),  was  born  in  Minnesota.  He  was 
appointed,  from  Louisiana,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  3,  1855,  and  after  a  tour  of 
regimental  recruiting  service  at  Winchester,  Va.,  joined  at  Jeffer- 
son Barracks  on  the  14th  of  June,  where  he  served  until  October, 
when  he  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas,  and  arrived  at  Fort 
Mason  in  January,  1856.  He  had  stations  at  Forts  Mason  and 
Inge  until  May  1,  1857,  and  participated  in  the  expedition  towards 
the  head-waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers  during  June 
and  July,  1856,  and  commanded  in  the  Indian  combats  on  the 
north  branch  of  Concho  River,  February  12,  1857  (wounded),  and 
on  the  head-waters  of  the  Nueces  River,  April  19,  1857.  He  was 
on  a  leave  of  absence  from  May  1,  1857,  to  January  1,  1858,  when 
he  resigned  his  commission  and  engaged  in  civil  pursuits  in  Louisi- 
ana until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  then 
enrolled  in  a  rifle  company,  and  soon  after  declined  an  appoint- 
ment of  captain  in  a  Louisiana  regiment.  He  was  then  appointed 
an  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  and  served 
as  chief  of  staff  with  General  Bragg  at  Pensacola,  and  later  was 
assigned  to  duty  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  War  at  Rich- 
mond, Va.  After  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  he  was  promoted  a 
lieutenant-colonel,  and  served  at  Bowling  Green,  Ky.,  until  the 
evacuation  of  that  place,  being  chiefly  in  charge  of  pickets  and 
outposts. 

He  served  with  the  rear-guard  during  the  retreat  from  Bowling 
Green,  and  commanded  the  pickets  and  outposts  at  Murfreesboro 
when  the  Confederate  army  passed  that  place,  and  thereafter  served 
with  General  Morgan  until  a  few  days  before  the  battle  of  Shiloh. 
He  served  with  the  rear-guard  under  General  Breckenridge  after 
the  battle,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Mickey's  Ford,  charg- 
ing the  commands  of  Dickey  and  Hildebrand.  He  then  served  with 
General  Morgan  in  Kentucky  (second  in  command),  and  captured, 
on  the  5th  of  May,  Pulaski,  with  trains,  stores,  etc.  When  Gen- 
eral Morgan  was  defeated  at  Lebanon,  on  the  9th  of  May,  he 
remained  with  the  rear-guard  to  enable  the  command  to  retreat, 
and  was  captured.  He  was  confined  at  Nashville,  Camp  Chase, 
and  Johnson's  Island  until  exchanged,  when  he  rejoined  the  army 
after  the  battle  of  Baker's  Creek,  and  was  assigned  to  General 
35 


546  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

Forrest's  command.  He  was  then  promoted  a  colonel  of  cavalry, 
and  commanded  a  brigade  in  Mississippi  from  the  rear  of  Natchez 
to  Big  Black  River,  and  declined  a  promotion  in  the  infantry. 
Colonel  Wood  was  engaged  in  many  of  the  principal  battles  of 
the  West,  and  commanded  in  several  engagements.  He  was  very 
active  and  won  an  excellent  reputation  as  a  cavalry  officer.  After 
the  war  he  returned  to  civil  pursuits  at  New  Orleans,  La. 


13.  John  Williams  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  was  serving  as  a 
first  sergeant  in  the  Mounted  Rifles  (present  Third  Cavalry)  when 
he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  First  Dragoons  (pres- 
ent First  Cavalry),  to  date  from  June  18,  1855,  and  was  trans- 
ferred, with  his  original  rank,  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry. 
He  had  been  commended  in  orders  from  the  War  Department  for 
gallant  conduct  in  combats  with  hostile  Indians,  and  his  appoint- 
ment was  a  merited  reward  for  faithful  and  conspicuous  services. 
He  was  serving  as  a  first  sergeant  at  Limpia  Creek,  on  the  El  Paso 
road,  Texas,  when  he  was  killed  by  a  soldier  on  the  30th  of  June, 
1855,  while  endeavoring,  in  the  line  of  his  duty,  to  quell  a  dis- 
turbance in  the  company.  The  murderer  was  tried  by  a  general 
court-martial,  found  guilty,  and  sentenced  "  to  be  hanged  by  the 
neck  until  dead,  at  such  time  and  place  as  the  President  of  the 
United  States  may  appoint,  two-thirds  of  the  members  concurring 
therein."  The  proceedings  were  laid  in  due  form  before  the  Presi- 
dent, who  confirmed  the  sentence,  and  the  criminal  suffered  the 
extreme  penalty  of  the  law  at  Fort  Mcintosh,  Texas,  on  the  21st 
day  of  December,  1855.*  Lieutenant  Williams  died  without 
knowing  that  he  had  been  appointed  a  commissioned  officer. 


14.  Coenelius  Van  Camp  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1834. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 
1855,  and  assigned  to  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry  as  a  bre- 
vet second  lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  July  1,  1855.  He  joined  at  Jefferson 
Barracks  in  September,  where  he  had  station  until  October,  when 

*  Q.  O.  17,  A.  G.  O.,  November  1,  1855. 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  547 

he  marched  with  the  regiment  to  Texas  and  served  at  Forts  Mason 
and  Belknap  and  Camp  Verde  until  September,  1858,  and  was 
recognized  as  the  best  close-seat  rider  in  the  regiment.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  combat  (commanding)  on  the  Verde  River,  October 
30,  1857,  where  he  was  distinguished  by  a  successful  pursuit  and 
chastisement  of  a  party  of  Comanch.es,  having  conducted  a  march 
of  two  hundred  miles  in  less  than  five  days.  lie  was  assigned, 
September  15,  1858,  as  adjutant  and  topographical  officer  of  the 
Wichita  expedition,  and  participated  in  the  brilliant  action  at 
Wichita  Village,  October  1,  1858,  where,  while  gallantly  leading  the 
charge,  he  was  pierced  to  the  heart  with  an  arrow  and  instantly 
killed.  He  was  found  lying  on  his  back.  His  sabre,  fastened  to 
the  wrist  by  the  knot,  was  beside  him,  while  in  his  left  hand  was 
the  fatal  arrow,  which  he  had  pulled  from  his  heart  in  the  uncon- 
scious moment  that  preceded  his  death.  He  was  an  active  young 
officer  of  much  promise,  and  was  twice  named  in  orders  from  the 
headquarters  of  the  army  for  gallantry  in  action.  His  remains 
were  removed  from  the  battle-field  in  the  spring  of  1859  to  Lancas- 
ter, Pa.,  where  they  now  rest. 


15.  Junius  B.  Wheeler  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
served  during  the  Avar  with  Mexico  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Eleventh  Infantry  from  September  9,  1847,  to  August  14,  1848. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 
1855,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  promoted,  in  the  regiment,  a  second 
lieutenant  August  21,  1855.  He  joined  at  Fort  Mason,  Texas,  on 
the  23d  of  January,  1856,  where  he  had  station  until  July,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  the  Topographical  Engineers,  to  date  from 
June  27,  1856.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  corps 
July  1,  1860,  a  captain  March  3,  1863,  and  a  major  July  10,  1866. 

He  served  on  staff  duty  in  the  Department  of  the  Pacific,  1856- 
58  ;  as  assistant  topographical  engineer  for  military  roads  in  Ore- 
gon and  Washington  Territory,  1858-59  ;  and  as  assistant  professor 
of  mathematics  at  the  Military  Academy  from  October  25,  1859, 
to  April  27,  1861.  He  served  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as 
assistant  topographical  engineer  for  the  Department  of  Virginia, 
July-September,  1861  ;  as  principal  assistant  professor  of  mathe- 


548  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

matics  at  the  Military  Academy  from  September  15,  1861,  to  June 
18,  1863  ;  as  chief  engineer  for  the  Department  of  the  Susquehanna, 
June-September,  1863  ;  for  the  Army  of  the  Arkansas,  September, 
1863-May,  1865,  and  participated  in  the  march  from  Little  Hock 
to  co-operate  with  General  Banks'  army  on  the  Eed  Eiver  (Marcj- 
May,  1864),  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmishes  at  Elkins'  Ferr  • 
and  Prairie  d'Ane,  the  occupation  of  Camden,  and  the  battle  of 
Jenkins'  Ferry  on  the  Saline  River.  He  then  served  as  chief 
engineer  for  the  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  May-June, 
1865  ;  in  command  of  the  engineer  station  at  Jefferson  Barracks, 
July-December,  1865 ;  as  assistant  engineer  in  the  examination  of 
the  levees  of  the  Mississippi  River  from  Vicksburg  to  New  Orleans, 
December,  1865-May,  1866  ;  in  making  surveys  of  extension  of  the 
Capitol  grounds  at  Washington,  May,  1866  ;  as  superintending 
engineer  for  various  harbor  improvements  on  Lakes  Michigan  and 
Superior,  June,  1866-February,  1870,  and  for  the  Eleventh  Light- 
house District  (Lake  Michigan),  December,  1868-March,  1870  ;  ant 
as  assistant  for  the  chief  of  engineers  at  Washington,  February, 
1870-October,  1871. 

He  was  appointed  professor  of  the  department  of  civil  and 
military  engineering  at  the  Military  Academy,  September  16, 
1871,  and  has  discharged  the  duties  of  the  office  from  October  10, 
1871,  to  the  present  time.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date 
from  April  30,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Jenkins'  Ferry  ;  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  and  a  brevet 
colonel,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


19.  James  P.  Major  was  born  in  Missouri  in  1832.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1856, 
and  assigned  to  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  December  1,  1856.  He  served  at  Car- 
lisle until  the  spring  of  1857,  when  he  proceeded  to  Texas  and 
joined  at  Fort  Clark  on  the  11th  of  April.  He  had  stations  at 
Forts  Clark  and  Mason,  and  at  Camps  Hudson,  Radziminski,  and 
Colorado,  with  frequent  tours  of  field-service,  until  December, 
1859,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  in  the  Wichita  Mountains, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  549 

August  10,  1857,  where  he  won  a  special  mention  in  the  official 
report  for  energy  and  good  conduct ;  and  in  the  brilliant  action 
at  Wichita  Village,  Octoher  1,  1858,  where  he  killed  three  war- 
riors in  hand-to-hand  combats,  and  was  commended  in  orders  from 
the  headquarters  of  the  army  for  conspicuous  gallantry.  lie  was 
serving  as  an  assistant  commissary  at  Indianola  when  he  tendered 
his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  date  from  March  21,  1861. 
He  then  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  an  engineer  officer  with 
the  rank  of  major,  and  served  for  some  time  on  the  staff  of  Gen- 
eral Van  Dorn  in  the  South-west.  He  was  advanced  in  rank  to 
the  grade  of  a  brigadier-general,  and  at  the  end  of  the  war  was 
commanding  a  brigade  of  Texas  and  Louisiana  troops  in  the  Trans- 
Mississippi  Department.  He  was  a  successful  planter  in  Texas 
and  Louisiana  from  1866  to  1876  ;  had  visited  Europe  and  lived 
for  some  time  in  Canada.  He  died  suddenly  at  Austin,  Texas, 
in  May,  1876. 


22.  George  A.  Cunningham  was  born  in  Georgia.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1857, 
and  assigned  to  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant,  and  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  October  1,  1858.  He  was  stationed 
at  Carlisle  until  the  spring  of  1858,  when  he  served  with  the  Utah 
expedition  until  he  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant.  He  then 
proceeded  to  Texas  and  joined  at  Camp  Cooper  on  the  30th  o_ 
March,  1859,  and  commanded  a  company  until  the  26th  of  De 
cember,  1860,  and  served  during  October  and  November,  1859, 
with  the  Cimarron  expedition.  He  availed  himself  of  a  leave  o* 
absence  in  January,  1861,  and,  without  rejoining  the  regiment, 
tendered  his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  date  from  Feb- 
ruary 27,  1861. 

He  entered  the  Confederate  service  in  April,  1861,  as  a  first 
lieutenant  of  artillery,  and  was  promoted  during  the  war,  for 
conspicuous  services  in  battle,  a  captain,  a  major,  and  a  colonel 
of  artillery.  He  served  at  Fort  Jackson,  La.,  until  September, 
1862,  when  he  was  assigned  to  General  Floyd's  command  in  West 
Virginia,  and  participated  in  the  actions  at  Carnifex  Ferry,  Cot- 
ton Hill,  and  Laurel  Creek.     He  was  then  transferred  to  Kentucky 


550  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

and  was  engaged,  as  a  major  of  artillery,  at  Fort  Donelson,  Tenn. 
(wounded).  He  was  assigned,  upon  his  return  to  duty,  to  the 
command  of  Fort  Caswell,  N.  C,  and  had  station  there  and  about 
Wilmington  until  near  the  end  of  the  war,  and  participated  in  a 
number  of  engagements  connected  with  General  Foster's  move- 
ment against  Goldsboro  (severely  wounded),  and  in  the  actions 
immediately  following  the  evacuation  of  Wilmington,  and  in  the 
battle  of  Bentonville,  N.  C.  He  surrendered  with  General  John- 
ston's army,  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  at  Petersburg  and 
Eichmond,  Va.,  and  is  now  in  a  general  banking  and  commission 
business  at  Richmond,  Va. 


32.  Edward  W.  Hinks  was  born  at  Bucksport,  Me.,  and 
removed  at  an  early  age  to  Bangor,  and  thence  to  Boston,  where 
he  followed  the  occupation  of  a  printer.  He  served  as  a  member 
of  the  Boston  Council  and  as  a  member  of  the  Massachusetts 
Legislature  in  1855,  and  as  adjutant  of  the  Eighth  Massachusetts 
Militia,  1859-60.  He  wrote  a  letter  to  Major  Anderson,  December 
18,  1860,  tendering  a  volunteer  force  for  the  defense  of  Fort 
Moultrie,  S.  C.  He  served  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as 
a  second  lieutenant  (appointed  from  Massachusetts)  in  the  Fifth 
(old  Second)  Cavalry  from  the  26th  of  April  to  the  4th  of  June, 
1861  (resigned)  ;  as  lieutenant-colonel  and  colonel  of  the  Eighth 
Massachusetts  Volunteers  from  the  30th  of  April  to  the  1st  of 
August,  1861  (mustered  out);  and  as  colonel  of  the  Nineteenth 
Massachusetts  Volunteers  from  August  3,  1861,  to  April  28,  1863, 
when  he  accepted  an  appointment  as  a  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers, to  date  from  November  19,  1862,  and  served  in  that  grade 
until  the  end  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  held  with  the 
Eighth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  in  connection  with  the  Seventh 
New  York,  while  en  route  to  Washington  in  April,  1861,  the 
Annapolis  Railway  ;  repaired  the  bridge  and  railway  at  Annapolis 
Station,  and  commanded  the  party  engaged  in  cutting  out  the 
United  States  frigate  Constitution  from  Annapolis  Harbor.  He 
served  at  the  Capitol  from  the  26th  of  April  to  the  10th  of  May, 
1861,  when  he  was  sent  with  his  regiment  to  the  line  of  the  Balti- 
more and  Ohio  Railway  in  Maryland  ;  and  after  it  became  evident 
that  the  Confederates  would  not  venture  a  battle  north  of   the 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  551 

Potomac  River,  lie  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  the  troops 
stationed  at  Baltimore  until  August,  18G1,  when  he  conducted  the 
Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers  from  Boston  to  the  seat  of 
war,  and  was  actively  employed  along  the  line  of  the  Potomac 
during  the  fall  of  1861,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Ball's 
Bluff,  and  commanded  the  brigade  at  Harrison's  Landing  after 
the  death  of  General  Baker,  sending  his  own  regiment  to  the 
front  while  he  checked  the  retreat,  restored  order,  and  resisted 
the  advance  of  the  enemy,  who  threatened  to  occupy  the  island. 

He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62,  participated  in   the  Virginia  Peninsular   and  Maryland 
campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  York  town,  the  battle 
of  Williamsburg,  the  action  at  West  Point,  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks, 
the  skirmishes  and  actions  at  Oak  Grove,  Peach  Orchard,  Savage 
Station,  and  White  Oak  Swamp,  and  the  battle  of  Glendale  (severely 
wounded),  where  he  was  conspicuous  for  bringing  his  command 
into   action  without   orders,   and    driving   back  General  Richard 
Anderson's  corps,   vastly  superior  in  numbers,   and  in   restoring 
the  line  which  had  been  lost  by  the  routing  of  General  McCall's 
division,  thereby  saving  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  the  disaster 
of  being  pierced  in  the  centre,  and  consequently  beaten  and  cap- 
tured in  detail.     General  Anderson,  at  a  later  day,  referred  to  this 
success  as   a  defeat  of  General  Lee's  plans;    and  General  Dick 
Taylor,  in  his  contribution  to  the  history  of  the  war,  refers  to  the 
affair  as  a  miscarriage  of  the  Confederate  purpose.     General  Hinks 
moved  his  troops  (a  brigade  of  General  Sedgwick's  division)  with 
great  expedition  from  White  Oak  Swamp  and,  directing  his  march 
towards  the  enemy's  fire,  went  into  action  without  waiting  for 
orders  and  at  the  critical  moment,  as  a  few  minutes'  delay  would 
have  rendered  useless  any  effort  to  recover  the  field.     The  fight- 
ing was  desperate,  and  his  loss  was  very  heavy.     He  Avas  recom- 
mended for  a  brigadier-general  of  volunteers  by  Generals   Sedg- 
wick,  Sumner,    and    McClellan  as  a  recognition  of   his  valuable 
services  on  that  occasion  ;   but  he  did  not   receive  the  appoint- 
ment until  some  months  later,  and  then  not  as  a  reward  for  his 
services  on  that  occasion.      He  rejoined  his  command  in  August, 
and  participated  in  the  battles  of  Ohantilly,  South  Mountain,  and 
Antietam  (twice  severely  wounded).      He  was  employed  as  com- 
mandant of  draft  rendezvous  ;  as  assistant  to  the  provost-marshal- 


552  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

general  and  superintendent  of  volunteer  recruiting  service  and 
mustering  and  disbursing  officer  for  New  Hampshire  ;  as  com- 
mandant of  the  District  of  St.  Mary's,  Md.,  and  of  the  prison 
station  at  Point  Lookout,  Md.,  until  April,  1864,  when  he  was 
assigned  to  the  command  of  the  Third  Division  of  the  Eighteenth 
Army  Corps,  Army  of  the  James,  which  he  retained  until  July, 
1864,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Baylor's  Farm  and  in  the 
assault  on  Petersburg  (June),  where,  being  severely  injured  by  his 
horse  falling  on  him,  he  was  compelled  to  relinquish  the  com- 
mand. He  then  served  until  the  end  of  the  war  on  general  court- 
martial  duty;  as  commandant  of  the  draft  rendezvous  at  Hart's 
Island,  N.  Y.  ;  as  assistant  to  the  provost-marshal-general  and 
superintendent  of  the  volunteer  recruiting  service  for  the  Southern 
Division  of  New  York,  and,  later,  on  similar  duty  for  the  Western 
Division  of  Pennsylvania.  He  was  made  a  brevet  major-general 
of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services,  and  resigned  his  commission  of  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers  on  the  30th  of  June,  1865,  and  returned  to 
civil  pursuits. 

He  was  appointed  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Fortieth  Infantry, 
to  date  from  July  28,  1866,  and  was  made  a  brevet  colonel,  to 
date  from  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  battle  of  Antietam  ;  and  a  brevet  brigadier-general,  to  date 
from  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  assault  ou  Petersburg.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Twenty- 
fifth  Infantry  March  15,  1869,  and  was  retired  with  the  rank  of 
colonel  December  15,  1870,  for  wounds  received  in  the  line  of  duty. 
During  his  service  in  the  regular  infantry  he  was  chiefly  employed 
on  reconstruction  duty  in  the  Carolinas,  where  he  commanded 
Fort  Macon  until  May  27,  1867.  He  was  then  appointed  provost- 
marshal-general  of  the  Second  Military  District,  and  served  in  that 
position  on  the  staffs  of  Generals  Sickles  and  Oanby  until  January 
10,  1868,  when  he  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  and  assigned 
to  command  the  post  of  Goldsboro,  where  he  had  station  until  the 
State  of  North  Carolina  was  transferred  to  the  civil  authorities. 
He  was  then  assigned  to  New  Orleans,  La.,  where  he  served,  com- 
manding his  regiment  and  the  post,  until  May  30,  1870,  and  while 
commanding  his  regiment  changed  station  to  Texas,  and  was 
commanding  Fort  Clark  when  he  was  retired  from  active  service. 


MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  553 

He  was  governor  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  from  March  9,  1872, 
until  the  next  winter,  when  he  \v;is  transferred  as  governor  of  t  lie 
Milwaukee  (Wis.)  National  Home,  which  he  retained  until  October 
1,  18S0.  He  is  a  great  sufferer  from  neuralgia  of  the  stomach, 
arising  from  a  gun-shot  wound  received  at  the  battle  of  Antietam. 
He  is  one  of  four  men  on  record  who  have  survived  wounds  of  this 
nature,  but  he  is  subject  to  such  intense  pains  that  his  life  seems 
to  depend,  at  times,  upon  the  use  of  opium,  administered  by 
subcutaneous  injection. 


33.  E.  B.  Shields  was  born  in  Tennessee.  He  declined  an 
appointment  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  April  26,  1861. 


36.  Chakles  E.  Hazlett  was  born  in  Ohio  in  1838.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  6th  of  May,  1861, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant. He  joined  at  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he  served  until 
June  18,  1861,  when  he  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  Artillery,  to  date  from  May  14,  1861.  He  was  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Bull  Run  ;  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington 
during  the  winter  of  1861-62;  participated  in  the  Manassas,  Vir- 
ginia Peninsular,  Maryland,  Rappahannock,  and  Pennsylvania 
campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  Yorktown,  the  action 
at  West  Point,  the  battles  of  Hanover  Court-House,  Gaines's  Mill, 
Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run,  and  Antietam,  the  skirmish  near 
Shepherdstown,  and  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  where  he  was  killed 
on  the  2d  of  July,  1863. 


37.  Thomas  M.  Anderson  (a  nephew  of  General  Robert 
Anderson,  of  Sumter  fame)  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  was  educated 
at  Mount  St.  Mary's  College,  Md.,  and  was  engaged  in  the  prac- 
tice of  law  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion.  He  en- 
listed in  the  Sixth  Ohio  Volunteers,  and  served  as  a  private  from 
the  20th  of  April  to  the  15th  of  May,  1861,  when  he  was  ap- 
pointed, from  Ohio,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old  Second) 


554  MILITARY    RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  7,  1861.  He  joined  at  Carlisle  and 
participated  in  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  and 
was  the  first  officer  of  the  regiment  to  cross  the  Potomac  with  a 
detachment  of  cavalry,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Falling 
Waters  and  the  skirmishes  near  Martinsburg  and  Bunker  Hill. 
He  then  served  at  Darnestown,  Md.,  until  the  30th  of  September, 
when,  having  been  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Twelfth  Infantry, 
to  date  from  May  14,  1861,  he  was  ordered  to  Ohio  to  enlist  his 
company.  He  returned  to  field-service  in  the  spring  of  1862,  and 
served  with  a  battalion  composed  of  the  Eighth  and  Twelfth  In- 
fantry in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  June-July,  1862.  He  succeeded 
to  the  command  of  the  battalion  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain 
(August  9,  1862),  and  was  engaged  in  the  actions  at  Harper's  Ferry, 
Waterloo  Bridge,  and  Snicker's  Gap,  and  in  the  battles  of  the 
Second  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fred- 
ericksburg, and  Chancellorsville  (wounded  May  2,  1863,  but  re- 
tained his  command  during  the  battle). 

He  examined  and  transferred  twenty-three  thousand  volunteers 
from  the  convalescent  camp  near  Washington  to  the  Invalid  Corps, 
and  organized  the  first  battalion  of  that  corps.  He  commanded 
the  Twelfth  Infantry  at  Kettle  Run,  on  the  Orange  and  Alex- 
andria Railway,  during  the  winter  and  spring  of  1864,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  Laurel  Hill,  and  Spott- 
sylvania  Court-House  (severely  wounded  May  12,  1864).  He 
served  on  the  staff  of  General  Hooker  during  the  winter  of  1864- 
65  ;  organized  and  mustered  into  service  the  regiments  of  United 
States  volunteers  composed  of  Confederate  prisoners  of  war  who 
desired  to  renew  their  allegiance  to  the  government,  and  mus- 
>  tered  out  of  service  sixteen  thousand  paroled  prisoners  at  Camp 
*  Chase.     He  was  made  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  August  1, 

1864,  for  gallant  services  at  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness,  and 
a  brevet  lieutenant  colonel,  to  date  from  August  1,  1864,  for  gal- 
lant services  at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania.  He  was  assigned,  at 
the  end  of  the  war,  to  duty  in  Virginia,  and  commanded  the 
Twelfth  Infantry  at  Camp  Grant,   near  Richmond,   from   July, 

1865,  to  April,  1866  ;  commanded  at  Petersburg  from  April  to 
December,  1866  ;  was  transferred  as  a  captain  to  the  Twenty-first 
Infantry  November  23,  1866  ;  served  as  Commissioner  of  Regis- 
tration during  1867  ;  commanded  the  sub-district  of  Williamsburg 


MILITA11Y   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  555 

from  November,  1867,  to  September,  1868  ;  was  promoted  major 
of  the  Twenty-first  Infantry  March  26,  1868  ;  and  commanded  at 
Petersburg  from  October,  1868,  to  March  15,  1869,  when,  upon 
the  reduction  of  the  army,  he  was  placed  on  the  list  of  unassigned 
officers,  where  lie  remained  until  June  24,  1869.  He  was  then 
assigned  to  the  Tenth  Infantry,  and  commanded  Fort  Mcintosh 
and  Ringgold  Barracks,  Texas,  from  August,  1869,  to  September, 
1872,  and  acted  as  attorney  for  the  United  States,  1872-73,  in  the 
Mexican  cattle  claims,  and  so  successfully  defended  suits  against 
the  government,  amounting  to  nearly  four  million  dollars,  that  the 
Mexicans  obtained  judgments  for  only  $13,500.  He  was  employed 
at  Vicksburg,  Miss.,  1873-74,  in  paying  freed  men's  bounties: 
commanded  the  infantry  during  Colonel  MacKenzie's  campaign 
against  the  Kiowa  Indians  in  1874;  and  commanded  the  general 
recruiting  service  station  at  Columbus  Barracks,  Ohio,  from 
October,  1878,  to  October,  1880.  He  was  promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  the  Ninth  Infantry  March  20,  1879,  and  commanded 
Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  from  November,  1880,  to  September,  1882, 
when  he  was  transferred  to  the  command  of  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  where  he  is  now  serving.  He  is  a  regular  contributor  to 
the  reviews  and  leading  newspapers  of  the  period,  and  has  re- 
cently published  a  volume  entitled  "The  Political  Conspiracies 
preceding  the  Rebellion  ;  or,  The  true  Stories  of  Sumter  and 
Pickens,"  which  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  the  history  of  the 
rebellion  against  the  United  States. 


40.  Louis  C.  Bailey  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was  ap- 
pointed, from  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  8,  1861,  and  joined 
at  Chain  Bridge,  near  Washington,  D.  C.  The  appointment  hav- 
ing expired  by  constitutional  limitation  on  the  7th  of  August, 
1861,  he  was  reappointed  with  his  original  rank  and  continued  to 
serve  at  Chain  Bridge  until  the  1st  of  October.  While  making  a 
reconnaissance,  in  advance  of  his  men,  towards  Falls  Church,  Va., 
September  5,  1861,  he  discovered  earthworks  beyond  Aranderwer- 
ken's  House,  and,  having  advanced  to  the  hill  on  which  the  earth- 
works were  erected,  was  halted  by  a  party  of  Confederate  cavalry, 
who,  regarding  him  as  already  a  prisoner,  made  no  special  effort 


556  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

to  secure  him.  Lieutenant  Bailey  shot  down  the  foremost  rider, 
and  then,  wheeling  about,  galloped  back  to  his  men  without  receiv- 
ing any  injury,  although  he  was  followed  by  a  shower  of  bullets. 
He  served  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of 
1861-62,  and  participated  in  the  skirmish  at  Cedar  Run.  He  had 
stations  at  "Washington  and  Fortress  Monroe  from  the  27th  of 
March  to  the  13th  of  July,  1862,  when  he  rejoined  the  regiment ; 
but  the  Senate  having  again  failed  to  confirm  his  appointment,  he 
was  dropped  from  the  rolls  of  the  army,  to  date  from  July  17, 
1862. 


41.  Henry  M.  Hyde  was  born  in  New  York,  and  was  ap- 
pointed, from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  June  10,  1861.  He  never  joined, 
and  his  name  was  dropped  from  the  regimental  returns,  Decem- 
ber 14,  1861,  in  compliance  with  instructions  received  from  the 
adjutant-general  of  the  army. 


43.  John  R.  Edie,  Jr.  (a  son  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  John  R. 
Edie,  Eighth  Infantry)  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1838.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  24th  of  June, 
1861,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  second 
lieutenant.  He  was  an  acting  aide-de-camp  for  Colonel  Willcox 
from  July  to  October,  1861,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of  Wash- 
ington and  in  the  Manassas  campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battle  of  Bull  Run. 

He  was  transferred,  on  the  23d  of  October,  1861,  to  the  Third 
Artillery,  and  the  next  day  was  transferred  to  the  ordnance,  and 
was  promoted  in  that  corps  a  first  lieutenant  March  3,  1863,  and 
a  captain  September  12,  1864.  He  served  as  assistant  ordnance 
officer  at  the  Allegheny  Arsenal  from  October,  1861,  to  November, 
1862  ;  in  charge  of  the  ordnance  station  of  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  from  December,  1862,  to  August,  1863  ;  on  the  staff 
of  General  Meade  from  August,  1863,  to  December,  1864  ;  as  an 
assistant  for  the  chief  of  ordnance  from  December,  1864,  to  March, 
1867  ;  as  chief  ordnance  officer  of  the  Department  of  the  Platte 


MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS.  557 

from  March  to  June,  18G7  ;  as  commandant  of  the  Detroit  Arsenal 
from  August,  18G7,  to  November,  18G8  ;  on  duty  in  the  office  of  the 
chief  of  ordnance  from  December,  18G8,  to  April,  1869;  as  assistant 
ordnance  officer  at  the  Washington  Arsenal  from  June,  18G9,  to 
November,  1871  ;  and  on  duty  at  the  Springfield  Armory  from 
December,  1871,  to  May,  1874,  when  it  became  necessary  to  send  him 
to  the  Government  Insane  Asylum  at  Washington,  D.  C,  where  he 
died  on  the  29th  of  October,  1874.  He  was  made  a  brevet  captain, 
to  date  from  August  1,  1864,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services 
in  the  field  ;  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March  13,  18G5,  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  services  in  the  ordnance  department  and 
in  the  field  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


45.  Reuben  C.  Winslow  was  born  in  Pennsylvania,  and  was 
appointed,  from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  August  5,  1861.  He  joined  on  the  6th  of  September, 
and  was  transferred  to  the  Seventeenth  Infantry  September  21, 
1861,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment,  a  first  lieutenant 
October  24,  1861.  He  was  employed  on  recruiting  service  at 
Logansport,  Ind.,  and  West  Lebanon,  N.  H.,from  December,  1861, 
to  April,  1862.  He  died  of  disease  at  Lock  Haven,  Pa.,  May  10, 
1862. 


46.  Osgood  Welsh  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  declined 
an  appointment  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  August  7,  1861. 


51.  Charles  S.  Brooks  was  born  in  Illinois  about  1838.  He 
was  appointed,  from  California,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  24,  1862,  and  joined  his  company  in 
the  field  near  Richmond,  Va.,  on  the  18th  of  May,  and  participated 
in  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House  and  in  the  reconnaissance 
towards  Ashland.  He  was  taken  sick  early  in  June,  and  sent 
to  Fortress  Monroe,  Va.,  where  he  died  of  disease  on  the  7th  of 
July,  1862. 


558  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

62.  Temple  Buford  was  born  in  Maine.  He  was  appointed, 
from  the  army,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  to  date 
from  February  19,  1863,  and  was  employed  on  detached  service 
at  Carlisle  until  April,  when  he  joined  the  regiment  in  the  field 
and  participated  in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Kichmond, 
April-May,  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  near  Raccoon 
Ford,  the  skirmish  at  South  Anna  Bridge,  and  the  engagement  at 
Fleming's  Cross-Roads  (conspicuous  for  gallantry),  where  he  was 
captured  and  paroled.  He  was  then  granted  a  leave  of  absence 
until  the  8th  of  July,  when  he  rejoined  and  participated  in  the 
actions  at  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the  engage- 
ment of  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  the 
action  near,  and  battle  of,  Brandy  Station.  He  was  on  a  sick- 
leave  of  absence  from  the  11th  of  October  to  the  28th  of  Novem- 
ber, when  he  rejoined  and  served  during  the  Mine  Run  operations. 
He  resigned  his  commission  on  the  11th  of  January,  1864. 


63.  Conrad  Murat  was  born  in  Vermont.  He  was  a  sergeant 
in  the  First  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  from  his  enlistment, 
having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to 
date  from  February  19,  1863.  He  joined  his  company  at  Rappa- 
hannock Station,  Va.,  on  the  30th  of  July,  and  ceased  to  be  an 
officer  on  the  27th  of  August,  1863. 


64.  Myles  Motlan  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He  served  as 
a  private  and  non-commissioned  officer  in  the  Second  Dragoons 
(present  Second  Cavalry)  from  June  8,  1857,  to  March  28,  1863, 
when  he  Avas  discharged  as  a  first  sergeant,  having  been  appointed 
a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  February  19, 
1863.  He  served  as  a  non-commissioned  officer  in  Kansas  and 
with  the  Utah  expedition,  1857-58  ;  in  Nebraska  from  July,  1859, 
to  September,  1860,  and  was  engaged  in  the  action  with  hostile 
Kiowas  at  Black  water  Springs,  Kan.,  July  11,  1860.  He  partici- 
pated in  General  Lyon's  campaign  in  South-western  Missouri,  and 
was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek.  He  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Tennessee,  and  participated  in  the  capture  of  Forts  Henry 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  559 

and  Donelson,  and  was  engaged  in  several  skirmishes  with  the 
enemy  preceding  the  capture  of  the  forts.  He  was  also  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  Shiloli,  the  siege  of  Corinth,  the  affair  at  Pucahon- 
tas  Farm,  and  the  battle  of  Corinth. 

He  joined  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  May,  1863,  and  was  a  company 
commander  during  the  entire  period  of  his  service  with  the  regi- 
ment, and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford  (distinguished 
for  gallantry),  the  skirmish  at  Aldie,  the  actions  at  Middletown 
and  Snicker's  Gap,  near  Upperville  ;  the  battle  of  Gettysburg, 
the  actions  at  "Williamsport,  Boonsboro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling 
Waters,  the  engagement  of  Manassas  Gap,  the  skirmish  near 
Front  Royal,  the  action  near,  and  battle  of,  Brandy  Station,  and  the 
action  at  Morton's  Ford.  He  was  out  of  commission,  to  date  from 
October  20,  1863.  He  re-entered  the  service  in  the  Fourth 
Massachusetts  Volunteers,  where  he  served  as  a  private  and  ser- 
geant from  December  2,  1863,  to  January  25,  1864;  as  a  first 
lieutenant  from  the  25th  of  January  to  the  1st  of  December, 
1864;  and  as  a  captain  from  December  1,  1864,  to  November 
14,  1865,  and  participated  in  the  actions  on  John's  Island, 
S.  C.  (July,  1864),  and  near  Jacksonville,  Fla.  (October,  1864), 
and  commanded  two  companies  of  the  regiment  at  the  head- 
quarters of  the  Twenty-fourth  Army  Corps  during  the  closing 
Richmond  campaign  of  1865,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major  of 
volunteers,  to  date  from  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  last  campaign  in  Virginia.  He  enlisted  in  the 
mounted  service  January  25,  1866  ;  was  assigned  to  the  Seventh 
Cavalry  August  20,  1866,  and  served  as  sergeant-major  from  the 
1st  of  September  to  the  16th  of  December,  1866,  when  he  was  dis- 
charged, having  been  appointed  a  first  lieutenant  in  that  regiment, 
to  date  from  July  28,  1866.  He  was  regimental  adjutant  from 
February  20,  1867,  to  December  31,  1871  (relieved  at  his  own 
request),  and  was  promoted  a  captain  March  1,  1872. 

He  has  been  employed  in  Kansas,  Kentucky,  Dakota,  and 
Montana  during  the  past  sixteen  years,  having  stations  at  Fort 
Leavenworth,  Elizabethtown,  Forts  Rice,  Lincoln,  Randall,  and 
Meade,  and  was  engaged  in  the  brilliant  action  at  the  Washita 
(November  27,  1868),  in  the  combat  (commanding  a  squadron) 
with  hostile  Sioux  on  Tongue  River  (August  4,  1873),  in  the 
action  on  the  Big  Horn   River  (August  11,  1873),  in   the  Black 


560  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

Hills  expedition  of  1874,  in  the  disastrous  action  on  the  Little 
Big  Horn  River  (June  25,  1876),  and  in  the  combat  at  Bear  Paw 
Mountain  (September  30,  1877),  where  he  was  wounded.  He  also 
served  as  acting  assistant  adjutant-general  of  the  troops  operating 
against  hostile  Indians  in  Kansas,  1868-69,  and  was  employed  on 
recruiting  service  from  January,  1871,  to  January,  1873.  He  com- 
manded a  battalion  (three  companies)  on  the  Little  Missouri 
River  during  the  early  summer  of  1881,  and  is  now  serving  as  a 
company  commander  at  Fort  Meade,  Dak. 


67.  William  Brophy  was  born  in  Ireland.'  He  was  a  first 
sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged  on  the  2d 
of  April,  1863,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
regiment,  to  date  from  February  19,  1863.  He  served  as  an  en- 
listed man  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and 
Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  the  skirmishes  near  Lee's  Mill  and  Warwick  Creek,  the 
battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes  with  the 
enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle  of  Han- 
over Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the  battle 
of  Gaines's  Mill  (wounded),  the  skirmish  at  Savage  Station,  the 
battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  the  skirmishes  near  Sycamore  Church  and 
in  the  White  Oak  Swamp,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear- 
guard of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the 
Peninsula,  the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antietam,  the  skir- 
mish near  Shepherdstown,  the  engagement  near  Halltown,  the 
skirmishes  near  Union  and  Upperville,  the  action  at  Markham's 
Station  (severely  wounded),  the  skirmishes  at  Barbee's  Cross- 
Roads  and  Little  Washington,  the  action  at  Amissville,  the  battle 
of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth. 

He  joined,  as  an  officer,  in  the  field  April  8,  1863,  and  com- 
manded a  company  during  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Rich- 
mond, April-May,  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the  combat  near 
Brandy  Station,  the  skirmish  at  Shannon  Hill,  and  the  engagement 
at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads.  He  commanded  a  company  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Beverly  Ford  (distinguished  for  gallantry),  the  skirmish  at 
Aldie,  the  actions  at  Middletown  and  Snicker's  Gap  near  Upper- 
ville, the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  the  actions  at  Williamsport,  Boons- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  561 

boro,  Funkstown,  and  Falling  Waters,  the  engagement  of  Manassas 
Gap,  the  .skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  and  the  action  near,  and  battle 
of,  Brandy  Shu  inn.  lie  was  a  brave  soldier,  but,  being  sensitive 
concerning  his  limited  education,  resigned  his  commission  on  the 
12th  of  September,  1803.  lie  was  subsequently  employed  as  a 
master  of  transportation  during  General  Averill's  raid  in  West 
Virginia,  and  is  supposed  to  have  died  about  that  time. 


G8.  Johx  Stoddard  was  born  in  New  Hampshire.  He  was  a 
sergeant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  discharged,  in  April, 
18G3,  having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment, 
to  date  from  February  19,  1863.  He  served  as  an  enlisted  man 
in  the  defenses  of  Washington  and  participated  in  the  Manassas 
campaign,  and  was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  Alexandria,  the 
skirmish  at  Blackburn's  Ford,  and  the  battle  of  Bull  Run  ;  served 
in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the  winter  of  18G1-G2  ; 
participated  in  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  Maryland,  and 
Rappahannock  campaigns,  and  was  engaged  in  the  siege  of  York- 
town,  the  battle  of  Williamsburg  and  in  almost  daily  skirmishes 
with  the  enemy  during  the  advance  towards  Richmond,  the  battle 
of  Hanover  Court-House,  the  reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  the 
battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  the  skirmish  at  Savage  Station,  the  battle 
of  Malvern  Hill,  the  skirmishes  near  Sycamore  Church  and  in  the 
White  Oak  Swamp,  with  the  regiment  as  a  part  of  the  rear-guard 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  during  the  evacuation  of  the  Penin- 
sula, the  battles  of  South  Mountain  and  Antictam,  the  skirmish 
near  Shepherdstown,  the  engagement  near  Ilalltown,  the  skirmishes 
near  Union  and  Uppcrville,  the  action  at  Markham's  Station,  the 
skirmishes  at  Manassas  Gap,  Snicker's  Gap,  and  Barbee's  Cross- 
Roads,  the  actions  at  Amissville  and  near  Hazel  Run,  the  battle 
of  Fredericksburg,  and  the  reconnaissance  near  Falmouth.  lie 
joined,  as  an  officer,  in  the  field  in  April,  1863,  and  participated 
in  General  Stoneman's  raid  towards  Richmond,  April-May,  18G3, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  action  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads,  where  lie 
was  distinguished  for  gallantry.  He  resigned  his  commission  on 
the  25th  of  May,  L863,  and  was  subsequently  employed  as  a  clerk 
in  the  War  Department. 
36 


562  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

69.  Joseph  II.  Wood  was  bom  in  New  York.  He  was  serving 
as  a  private  in  the  Second  Cavalry  when  he  was  appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  February  25,  1803. 
lie  was  assigned,  through  error,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  and  joined  in 
the  field  on  the  5th  of  March,  and  after  a  brief  service  was  detached 
on  provost-marshal  duty  until  the  1st  of  June,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regiment, 
a  first  lieutenant  October  20,  1864.  He  participated  in  the  battle 
of  Gettysburg,  where  he  was  wounded  and  captured.  He  served  as 
a  major  in  the  Fifteenth  New  York  Cavalry  from  September  16, 
1863,  to  March  13,  1865,  and  as  lieutenant-colonel  in  the  Second 
New  York  Mounted  Rifles  from  March  13,  1865,  to  August  10, 
1865,  and  was  chiefly  employed  in  the  North-west.  He  was  made 
a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  ;  and  a  brevet- 
captain,  to  date  from  July  28,  1861,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  a  campaign  against  the  Sioux  Indians.  He  rejoined 
his  regiment  in  September,  1865,  and  served  in  Louisiana  and 
Texas  until  the  7th  of  May,  1867,  when  he  resigned  his  commis- 
sion and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 


84.  Henry  Jayne  was  born  in .     He  served  during  the 

war  of  the  Rebellion  as  an  enlisted  man  in  the  Seventh  Illinois 
Cavalry  from  August  24,  1861,  to  June  7,  1862  ;  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant from  June  7,  1862,  to  March  26,  1864 ;    and  as  a  captain 

from  March  26, 1864,  to ,  1865.     He  declined  an  appointment 

as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  February 
23,  1866. 


86.  Michael  V.  Sheridan  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  served  as 
a  volunteer  aide-de-camp  for  Brigadier-General  Sheridan  from 
July  1,  1862,  to  September  7,  1863,  and  was  engaged  in  the 
battles  of  Booneville  (Miss.),  Perryville,  and  Stone  River,  and  was 
specially  mentioned  in  official  reports  for  valuable  services.  He 
served  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Second  Missouri  Volunteers 
irom  September  7,  1863,  to  June  28,  1864.  He  participated  in 
.the  Chickamauga   campaign,  and  was   engaged   in  the  battle  of 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  503 

Chickamauga,  the  siege  of  Chattanooga)  the  buttle  of  Missionary 
Ridge,  the  campaign  for  the  relief  of  Knoxville  during  the  winter 
of  1863-64,  and  in  the  action  of  Dandridge,  Tenn.  lie  accepted, 
June  29,  1804,  an  appointment  as  an  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers, 
with  the  rank  of  captain,  to  date  from  May  IS,  L864,  and  served 
on  the  staff  of  Major-General  Sheridan  until  August  1,  18G6, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  the  Wilderness  and  Todd's 
Tavern,  the  action  of  the  Furnaces,  the  battle  of  Yellow  Tavern, 
the  actions  at  Meadow  Bridge  and  Richmond,  the  battles  of 
Tolopatomoy  and  If  awes'  Shop,  the  action  at  Metadequin  Creek, 
the  battles  of  Cold  Harbor  and  Trevillian  Station  ;  the  actions  at 
Mallory's  Ford,  Tunstall  Station,  St.  Mary's  Church,  Darbytown 
and  Lee's  Mill,  and  (with  the  Army  of  the  Shenandoah)  in  the 
actions  at  Kernstown  and  Berryville  ;  the  battles  of  Opequan  and 
Fisher's  Hill,  the  action  at  Woodstock,  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek 
and  the  action  at  Waynesboro,  and  (in  the  closing  Richmond  cam- 
paign of  18G5)  in  the  battles  of  Dinwiddie  Court-IIouse,  Five 
Forks,  and  Sailor  Creek  ;  and  was  present  at  the  surrender  of  the 
Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  at  Appomattox  Court- 
House,  April  9,  1865.  He  was  then  transferred  to  the  Division 
of  the  Gulf,  where  he  served  until  August  1,  18G6,  when  he  was 
mustered  out  of  volunteer  service. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Ohio,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  February  23,  18GG,  and  joined  the  regiment 
at  Washington,  D.  C,  on  the  10th  of  October,  where  he  served 
until  the  23d,  when  he  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Seventh 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  28,  18GG.  He  joined  his  regiment 
on  the  1st  of  November,  and  served  in  Kansas  and  Colorado  until 
July  1,  18G7,  when  lie  was  appointed  an  aide-de-camp  for  Major- 
General  Sheridan,  and  has  served  in  that  position  to  the  present 
time,  having  been  appointed,  an  aide-de-camp  (with  the  rank  of 
lieutenant-colonel)  for  the  lieutenant-goneral  of  the  army,  August 
1,  1870,  and  military  secretary  April  0,  1878.  He  was  made  a 
brevet  major  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  13,  L865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services;  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from 
March  2,  18G7,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Opequan  ;  and  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  to  date  from  March 
2, 18G7,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Fisher's 
Hill. 


564  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

89.  James  P.  Walsh  was  born  in  Ireland.  He  served  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion  in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry  as 
a  captain  from  January  1,  1862,  to  August  4,  1863  ;  as  a  major 
from  August  4,  1863,  to  August  24,  1864 ;  and  as  lieutenant- 
colonel  from  October  6,  1864,  to  June  1,  1865,  when  he  was  trans- 
ferred, in  that  grade,  to  the  Fifth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  where 
he  served  until  August  7,  1865,  when  he  was  honorably  discharged 
at  Richmond,  Ya.  He  joined  for  duty  at  Camp  Marcy,  Ya., 
January  1,  1862  ;  served  with  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was 
engaged  in  many  of  the  principal  battles  of  the  war,  and  was 
made  a  brevet  colonel  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  April  9,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  operations  resulting 
in  the  fall  of  Richmond,  Ya.,  and  the  surrender  of  the  insurgent 
army  under  General  Lee. 

He  was  appointed,  from  Maryland,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  4,  1866,  and  joined  his  company 
in  South  Carolina  on  the  23d  of  June,  and  served  at  Chester, 
Mt.  Pleasant,  Aiken,  and  Edgefield  until  December,  when  he  was 
appointed  a  captain  in  the  Tenth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  July  28, 
1866.  He  served  with  his  regiment  in  Texas  and  the  Indian 
Territory  until  March  3,  1873,  when  he  died,  of  disease,  at  Camp 
Supply,  I.  T. 


90.  Henkt  P.  Wade  (a  son  of  Benjamin  Wade,  acting  Yice- 
President  of  the  United  States  in  1867)  was  born  in  Ohio.  He  served 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the 
Fifth  and  Sixth  United  States  Colored  Cavalry,  and  was  discharged 
on  the  15th  of  April,  1866.  He  was  made  a  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel  of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  services.  He  was  appointed,  from  Ohio,  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date  from  May  4,  1866,  and 
joined  his  company  in  Tennessee  on  the  1st  of  July,  and  served  at 
Nashville  (adjutant  and  quartermaster)  and  Memphis  (adjutant) 
until  March,  1867,  when  he  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  Eighth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  March  7,  1867.  He  served  in  Arizona, 
having  stations  at  Fort  Whipple  and  Camp  Date  Creek,  until 
August  10,  1869,  and  was  engaged  in  a  combat  (commanding) 
with  hostile  Apaches  in  the  Bill  Williams'  Mountain,  November 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  566 

19,  1808.  lie  then  resigned  his  commission  and  returned  to  civil 
pursuits  in  Ohio,  lie  was  made  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  a  brevet 
captain,  and  a  brevet  major,  to  date  from  March  2,  1807,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  action  at  Saltville,  Va. 


95.  John  P.  Cdmmikgs  was  born  in  Scotland.  He  served  in 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  captain  of  volunteers,  and  was  serving 
as  a  corporal  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  when  he  was  appointed  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  February  5,  1867.  He 
joined  in  Virginia  on  the  14th  of  April,  and  had  stations  at  Win- 
chester and  Richmond  until  August  18,  1808,  when  he  ceased  to 
be  an  officer  of  the  army.  He  was  nominated  to  be  a  first  lieutenant, 
to  date  from  June  9,  18G8,  but  no  action  was  taken  thereon  by  the 
Senate. 


97.  Daxiel  Hitchcock  was  born  in  New  York.  He  served 
in  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  Fifteenth  New 
York  Heavy  Artillery,  and  was  made  a  brevet  captain  of  volun- 
teers for  gallant  and  meritorious  services.  He  was  appointed, 
from  New  York,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  March  7,  1867,  and  joined  his  company  in  Mississippi  on 
the  20th  of  May,  and  served  at  Big  Black  River,  Yazoo  City,  Can- 
ton, and  Jackson  until  July  13, 1SG8,  when,  having  absented  himseli 
without  authority,  his  name  was  dropped  from  the  returns  of  the 
regiment.  His  resignation  was  finally  accepted,  to  date  from 
July  10,  1808,  and  he  was  relieved  from  the  position  into  which 
his  unauthorized  absence  had  placed  him. 


102.   E.   WlLLARD  WARREN   was  born   in .     He  declined 

an  appointment  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  June  18,  18G7.  He  served  in  the  Third  Pennsyl- 
vania Cavalry,  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  as  an  enlisted 
man  from  August  1,  1801,  to  September  13,  1802;  as  a  second 
lieutenant  from  the  13th  of  September  (with  rank  from  July 
17,  180;2)  to  the  18th  of  December,  1802  ;  and  as  a  first  lieuten- 
ant  from  December  18,  1802,  to  August  2-1,  1804.     The  Army 


566         MILITARY  EECOEDS  OF  OFFICERS. 

Register,  August  1,  1867,  credits  him  with  service  as  a  captain  in 
the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  but  the  official  records  on  file  in 
the  office  of  the  adjutant-general  of  Pennsylvania  make  no  men- 
tion of  such  service. 


104.  William  L.  Porter  was  born  in  Indiana.  He  served  in 
volunteer  commission  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion,  and  was 
an  assistant  adjutant-general,  with  the  rank  of  captain,  from 
March  28,  1805,  to  October  1,  1866,  and  was  made  a  brevet  major 
of  volunteers,  to  date  from  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meri- 
torious services  during  the  war  of  the  Eebellion.  He  was  ap- 
pointed, from  Kentucky,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  August  9,  18G7,  and  joined  his  company  in  Tennes- 
S3e  on  the  25th  of  September,  and  served  at  Nashville  until  the 
3d  of  December,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Gallatin,  where  he 
was  fatally  injured  by  the  explosion  of  a  gun  while  firing  a  salute 
on  the  22d  of  February,  1868,  and  died  at  that  place,  after  sub- 
mitting to  an  amputation  of  the  left  leg,  on  the  23d  of  April, 
1868. 


105.  J.  Edwi^  Leas  was  bom  in  Ohio.  He  was  appointed, 
from  Indiana,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  date 
from  August  17,  1867,  and  joined  his  company  on  the  15th  of 
October,  and  served  on  reconstruction  duty  at  Montgomery,  Ala., 
and  Atlanta,  Ga.,  until  April,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
frontier  service,  and  participated  in  the  Eepublican  Eiver  expedi- 
tion of  1869,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at  Eock  Creek  and  in 
the  brilliant  action  at  Summit  Springs.  He  resigned  his  commis- 
sion on  the  13th  of  August,  1869,  and  returned  to  civil  pursuits. 


111.  Eobert  A.  Edwards  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
appointed,  from  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Thirteenth  Infantry,  to  date  from  Jauuary  22,  1867,  and 
served  with  his  regiment  in  Dakota  and  Montana  until  August 
4,  1868,  when  he  was  transferred,  at  his  own  request,  to  the  Fifth 
Cavalry.     He  joined  his  company  at  Atlanta,  Ga.,  September  11, 


MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  5G7 

1868,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service, 
until  April,  1869,  when  he  was  transferred  to  frontier  service,  and 
participated  in  the  Republican  River  expedition  of  1809,  and  was 
engaged  in  the  affair  at  Rock  Creek,  the  brilliant  action  at  Sum- 
mit  Springs,  the  affair  in  the  sand-hills  south  of  Julesburg,  and 
the  Niobrara  pursuit.  He  was  assigned,  in  October,  to  Fort  D. 
A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  (adjutant  detachment  Fifth 
Cavalry  November  20,  1869-March  21,  1870,  and  post  adjutant 
from  the  1st  of  January  to  the  21st  of  March,  1870)  until  July, 
1870,  when  he  was  transferred  to  field-service  at  Chug  Water,  and 
thence,  in  September,  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  sta- 
tion until  November  4,  1870,  when  his  resignation,  previously 
tendered,  was  accepted,  to  date  from  October  31,  1870.  He  is 
engaged  in  civil  pursuits  in  California. 


115.  William  F.  Smith  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  loth  of  June,  1869, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant.  He 
declined  the  appointment  and  engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  in 
New  York  City. 


119.  Edwakd  G-.  Stevens  was  born  in  Massachusetts.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  15th  of  June, 
1870,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant. 
He  was  on  duty  at  the  Military  Academy  as  an  assistant  in- 
structor of  artillery  and  signaling  until  the  30th  of  August,  when 
he  availed  himself  of  the  graduating  leave  of  absence  and  joined 
at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  on  the  29th  of  November,  where  he  had 
station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service  (engaged  in  the  affair 
on  Bird  wood  Creek,  Neb.,  May  24,  1871),  until  November,  1871. 
He  then  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of  the  regiment,  by  the 
way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and 
arrived  at  Camp  McDowell  on  the  8th  of  January,  1872,  where  he 
served  until  the  19th,  when,  his  resignation,  previously  tendered, 
having  been  accepted,  to  date  from  December  1,  1871,  he  was 
relieved  from  further  duty  with  the  regiment.  He  was  actively 
engaged  in  the  militia  service  of  Massachusetts,  1873-79,  and  was 


568  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

assistant  inspector-general  of  the  State,  1876-79,  and  a  member  of 
the  commission  appointed  by  the  governor  to  prepare  a  code  of 
regulations,  which  is  now  (as  it  came  from  the  commission),  by 
act  of  the  Legislature,  the  "blue-book"  of  the  Massachusetts 
militia.  He  was  a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives 
(chairman  of  Committee  on  Military  Affairs)  of  the  Legislature 
of  the  State,  1880-81,  and  is  now  engaged  in  an  insurance  business 
at  Clinton,  Mass. 


121.  Edward  C.  Edgerton  was  born  in  Indiana.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  loth  of  June,  1870, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant.  After  a 
brief  tour  of  detached  service  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  he 
joined  his  company  at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  on  the  9th  of  November, 
where  he  had  station  (commissary  and  quartermaster  November, 
1870-June,  1871,  and  adjutant  June-July,  1871)  until  July  25, 
1871.  He  was  then  transferred  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  and 
thence,  in  September,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where  he  served 
until  November.  He  then  accompanied  the  first  detachment  of 
the  regiment,  by  the  way  of  San  Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  Cali- 
fornia, to  Arizona,  and  arrived  at  Camp  Grant  January  30,  1872, 
where  he  served  (adjutant  from  the  11th  of  February  to  the  25th 
of  May,  1872),  with  a  tour  of  detached  service  at  Camp  Apache, 
until  June  11,  1872,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence, 
and,  without  rejoining  the  regiment,  tendered  his  resignation, 
which  was  accepted  December  31,  1872.  He  has  been  the  man- 
ager of  the  Fort  Wayne  (Ind.)  Steel  Plow  Works  since  1873. 


123.  Reid  T.  Stewart  was  born  in  Pennsylvania  in  1850.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  12th  of  June, 
1871,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant. 
He  joined  the  regiment  at  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  in  Novem- 
ber, and  accompanied  the  first  detachment,  by  the  way  of  San 
Francisco  and  the  Gulf  of  California,  to  Arizona,  and  served 
(commanding  company  from  the  20th  of  January  to  the  14th  of 
June,  1872)  at  Camps  McDowell,  Lowell,  and  Crittenden  from 
January  to  August,  18:2.     He  started  from  Camp  Crittenden  on 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF  OFFICERS.  H69 

the  morning  of  August  27,  1872,  en  route  to  Tucson  to  servo  as 
judge-advocate  of  a  general  court-martial  at  that  place.  lie 
traveled  on  a  bnckboard  with  a  soldier  driver,  and  the  escort  fol- 
lowed in  a  wagon.  Becoming  somewhat  impatient,  he  pushed 
ahead  and  entered  Davidson's  Canon  about  an  hour  in  advance  of 
the  escort,  notwithstanding  he  had  been  warned  to  proceed  cau- 
tiously. When  about  half  way  through  the  canon  he  was  am- 
buscaded by  a  party  of  Apaches  and  instantly  killed,  while  the 
driver,  who  escaped  the  first  volley,  was  pursued,  captured,  and 
tortured  to  death  about  half  a  mile  from  the  road.  When  the 
escort  arrived  at  the  scene,  until  then  unconscious  of  the  terrible 
tragedy  which  had  been  enacted,  his  body  was  found  lying  on  the 
road,  pierced  with  six  bullets — one  having  entered  the  brain.  It 
was  therefore  absolutely  certain  that  he  had  met  an  instantaneous 
death  and  escaped  a  horrible  torture.  He  gave  promise  of  a 
brilliant  career  and  was  universally  esteemed  for  his  manly  virtues. 
His  remains  were  sent  to  Erie,  Pa.,  where  they  now  rest. 


127.  Edward  L.  Keyes  was  bom  in  Massachusetts,  and  was 
appointed,  from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cav- 
alry, to  date  from  July  27,  1872,  and,  after  a  tour  of  duty  with  a 
detachment  of  recruits  at  Benicia  Barracks  and  en  route  to  Arizona, 
he  joined  the  regiment  at  Camp  McDowell  on  the  30th  of  Novem- 
ber. He  had  stations  at  Camps  McDowell,  Grant,  Apache,  San 
Cailos,  and  Bowie  until  May,  1875,  participated  in  the  Apache 
campaign  of  1872-73,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs  at  Bed  Rock 
Springs  in  Pleasant  Valley  (commanding)  and  on  Pinto  Creek, 
and  was  twice  nominated  to  the  United  States  Senate  to  be  a  bre- 
vet first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  April  9,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians  in 
Arizona.  He  marched,  in  May,  1875,  from  Camp  Bowie,  by  the 
way  of  Santa  Fe,  Forts  Union,  Lyon,  and  Dodge,  to  Camp  Sup- 
ply, I.  T.,  where  he  arrived  on  the  16th  of  July,  and  had  station, 
with  frequent  tours  of  field-service,  until  June,  1876,  when  he  was 
transferred  to  the  Department  of  the  Platte  and  participated  in 
the  Sioux  campaign  of  1876,  and  was  engaged  in  the  skirmish  at 
Slim  Buttes,  Dak. 

Upon   the  disbaudment  of  the  expedition   at  Fort  Robinson, 


570  MILITARY   RECORDS    OF   OFFICERS. 

Neb.,  in  October,  lie  was  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  where 
he  had  station  until  the  28th  of  April,  1877,  when  he  ceased  to  be 
an  officer  of  the  army.  He  is  the  author  of  a  volume  of  poems 
entitled  "  Random  Rhymes,  by  the  Poet  Lariat,"  which  was  pub- 
lished in  the  fall  of  1882. 


128.  William  Dulany  was  born  in  Maryland,  and  was  ap- 
pointed, from  that  State,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  December  12,  1872.  He  was  ordered,  in  January, 
1873,  to  report  for  duty  to  the  superintendent  of  the  Mounted 
Recruiting  Service,  and,  without  joining  the  regiment,  tendered 
his  resignation,  which  was  accepted,  to  take  effect  June  3,  1873. 


129.  Edwin  P.  Eckerson  was  born  in  Washington  Territory, 
and  was  appointed,  from  at  large,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  December  12,  1872.  He  joined  the  regi- 
ment in  Arizona,  April  23,  1873,  and  had  stations  at  Camps  Lowell 
and  Grant  (adjutant  and  quartermaster);  participated  in  the 
Apache  campaigns  of  1873-74  and  was  engaged  in  the  affairs 
(three)  in  the  Mazatzal  Mountains,  and  was  twice  nominated  to  be 
a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  October  30,  1873,  for  gal- 
lantry in  action  with  Delche's  band  of  Apache  Indians  in  the  Ma- 
zatzal Mountains.  He  was  out  of  service,  to  date  from  July  15, 
1875,  and  was  reappointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Seventh  Cav- 
alry, to  date  from  May  2,  1876,  and  was  promoted,  in  that  regi- 
ment, a  first  lieutenant  June  25,  187G.  He  participated  in  the 
Sioux  campaigns  of  1876,  and  served  against  the  hostile  Nez  Perces 
during  the  summer  of  1877,  and  was  distinguished  for  gallant 
conduct  in  several  combats  with  the  enemy.  He  ceased  to  be  an 
officer  of  the  army  on  the  30th  of  June,  1878. 


133.  Edwin  P.  Andrus  was  born  in  New  York.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  16th  of  June,  1875, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant.  He 
declined  a  transfer  as  a  second  lieutenant  to  the  Seventh  Cavalry, 
to  date  from  June  26,  1876.  He  joined  at  Fort  Wallace,  Kan., 
on  the  1st  of  October,  where  he  had  station,  with  frequent 
tours  of  field-service  (engaged  in  the  affair  on  Canon  Creek,  Kan.), 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  571 

until  July,  187G,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Robinson,  Nob., 
and  served  in  summer  camp  (engaged  in  the  affair  on  Chadron 

Creek,  Neb.)  until  the  1st  of  November,  when  lit;  joined  the 
Powder  River  expedition  (November-December,  1876),  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bates  Creek  (north  branch  of 
Powder  River),  Wyo.  He  had  station  at  Fort  1).  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
from  January,  1877,  to  October,  1878,  and  was  employed  on  field- 
service  and  in  the  Nez  Forces  campaign  as  adjutant  for  a  battalion 
of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  and  commanding  Indian  scouts,  during 
the  summer  and  fall  of  1877,  and  on  field-service  in  NorMern 
Wyoming  during  the  summer  of  1878.  He  then  served  at  Fort 
McPherson,  Neb.,  as  adjutant,  commissary,  and  epiartermaster, 
until  October,  1879,  when  ho  proceeded  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.  (com- 
manding company),  and  participated  in  the  operations  against  the 
hostile  Utes  of  Colorado  until  November,  when  he  returned  to 
Fort  McPherson  for  the  purpose  of  closing  his  accounts  as  com- 
missary and  quartermaster,  and,  upon  the  completion  of  these 
duties,  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  served  until 
April,  1880.  He  then  changed  station  to  Fort  Niobrara,  Neb., 
and  served  at  that  post  and  Fort  Robinson,  being  chiefly  employed 
in  making  surveys  and  reconnaissances,  until  October,  when  he 
was  placed  in  charge  of  the  ordnance  station  at  Cheyenne,  Wyo., 
and  continued  on  that  duty  until  January,  1881.  He  then  re- 
joined his  company  at  Fort  Robinson,  where  he  has  since  served, 
with  occasional  tours  of  detached  service,  as  a  company  oilicer, 
quartermaster,  commissary,  and  post  adjutant. 


134.  Homer  W.  "Wheeler  was  born  in  Vermont,  and  removed 
at  an  early  age  to  Kansas,  where  he  soon  won  favorable  attention 
by  frequent  volunteer  service  with  the  regular  troops  in  their  cam- 
paigns against  hostile  Indians  ;  his  most  important  service  was 
with  Captain  Bankhead's  expedition  which  was  dispatched  to  the 
rescue  of  Major  Forsythe's  command  on  the  Arickaree  Fork  of  the 
Republican  River  in  the  fall  of  1868.  lie  was  engaged  in  mercan- 
tile pursuits  at  Fort  Wallace,  Kan.,  when  he  accompanied,  as  a 
volunteer,  a  command  under  Lieutenant  Henley,  Sixth  Cavalry, 
and  participated  in  a  combat  with  hostile  Cheyennes  on  the  middle 
branch  of  Sappy  Creek  in  April,  1875.    He  was  highly  commended 


572  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

ill  department  orders  for  good  judgment  and  conspicuous  gallantry 
on  that  occasion,  and,  upon  the  recommendation  of  Brigadier- 
General  Pope,  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  date  from  October  15,  1875. 

He  joined  his  company  at  Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  on  the  12th  of 
December,  where  he  had  station,  with  occasional  tours  of  field- 
service,  until  July,  1876,  when  he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Robin- 
son, Neb.,  and  served  in  a  summer  camp  (engaged  in  the  affair  on 
Chadron  Creek,  Neb.)  until  the  1st  of  November,  when  he  joined 
the  Powder  River  expedition  (November-December,  1876)  and 
participated  in  the  brilliant  action  at  Bates  Creek  (north  branch 
of  Powder  River),  Wyo.,  where  he  was  conspicuous  for  gallant  and 
valuable  services.  He  had  station  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
from  January  to  May,  1877,  when  he  entered  upon  a  tour  of  field- 
service  in  Northern  Wyoming,  which  continued  until  October. 
He  participated  in  the  operations  against  the  hostile  Nez  Perces, 
and  served  with  the  escort  for  the  lieutenant-general  of  the  army 
c/i  route  from  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  by  the  way  of  the  Big  Horn 
Mountains,  to  Fort  Custer,  Mon.  He  then  served  at  Fort  Mc- 
Pherson,  Neb.,  with  occasional  tours  of  field-service,  as  a  company 
commander,  adjutant,  engineer  and  signal  officer,  commissary  and 
quartermaster,  until  December,  1878,  when  he  was  assigned  to 
Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  Avhere  he  arrived  in  January,  1879,  and  had 
station  as  a  company  commander,  adjutant,  engineer  and  signal 
officer,  commissary  and  quartermaster,  until  Juno,  1880,  and  cap- 
tured, in  the  spring  of  1879,  the  remnant  of  the  Bannack  Indians 
remaining  at  large  at  the  end  of  hostilities  with  that  tribe.  He 
then  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence  for  one  year,  and  rejoined 
at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  in  June,  1881,  and  a  few  days  thereafter 
changed  station  to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  ho  served  until  No- 
vember, 1881,  when  he  was  assigned  to  the  School  of  Application  at 
Fort  Leavenworth,  where  he  is  now  serving. 


135.  Samuel  A.  Cherry  was  born  in  Indiana  in  1852.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  16th  of  June, 
1875,  and  assigned  to  the  Twenty-third  Infantry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant. He  joined  his  regiment  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
where  he  served  until  October,  1876,  when  he  was  transferred,  at 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  C)TA 

his  own  request,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  rank  from  July  28,  1876, 
and  joined  the  regiment  in  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota  about  the 
middle  of  Octoher.  lie  had  stations  at  Forts  l>.  A.  Russell, 
Washakie  (quartermaster),  Fred  Steele,  and  Niobrara,  with  fre- 
quent tours  of  field-service,  during  the  years  1877-81,  and  was  dis- 
tinguished for  cool  courage  and  conspicuous  ability  in  the  action 
and  suhsequent  siege  of  Major  Thornhurgh's  command  (adjutant) 
at  Milk  Creek,  Col,  29th  of  September-5th  of  October,  1879,  for 
which  he  received  honorable  mention  in  department  orders  and  a 
joint  resolution  of  thanks  from  the  Sixth  Legislative  Assembly 
of  Wyoming  Territory  for  his  bravery,  heroic  conduct,  and 
efficient  services  during  the  engagement  and  subsequent  siege. 

lie  had  but  recently  returned  to  Fort  Niobrara  from  a  leave 
of  absence  when  he  was  dispatched  in  pursuit  of  a  party  of  out- 
laws, and,  when  about  twenty-five  miles  north  of  the  post,  was 
killed  on  the  11th  of  May,  1881,  by  an  enlisted  man  who  was  rid- 
ing at  his  left  rear.  The  murderer  was  brought  to  trial  in  March, 
1882,  before  the  United  States  Court  at  Deadwood,  Dak.,  and 
pleaded  guilty  of  manslaughter.  The  evidence  failed  to  show  any 
motive  for  the  crime.  Lieutenant  Cherry's  remains  received  a 
temporary  burial  at  Fort  Niobrara  until  the  spring  of  1882,  when 
they  were  removed  to  his  home  at  La  Grange,  Ind.  His  career, 
though  brief,  was  marked  by  a  soldierly  discharge  of  duty.  He 
made  friends  of  all  who  knew  him,  and  it  is  certain  that  he  never 
gave  just  cause  for  the  enmity  of  any  man.  He  was  positive, 
though  happy,  in  disposition,  a  loyal  and  devoted  friend,  and  a 
brave  and  capable  officer. 

"  The  elements 
So  mixed  in  him  that.  Nature  might  stand  up 
And  say  to  all  the  world,  '  This  was  a  man!'" 


130.  Ebex  Swift,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Texas.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  dune.  1876,  and 
assigned,  on  the  15th,  to  the  Fourteenth  Infantry  as  a  second 
lieutenant.  He  was  transferred,  at  his  own  request,  to  the  Fifth 
Cavalry,  to  rank  from  July  28,  1876,  and  joined  the  regiment 
in  the*  Black  Hills  of  Dakota  on  tin'  12th  of  October.  tJpou  the 
disbandment  of  the  expedition  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  in  October, 


574  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

he  was  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  lie  had  station 
until  April,  1880.  He  participated  in  the  Nez  Perces  campaign  d Liv- 
ing the  summer  of  1877,  serving  for  a  time  as  battalion  adjutant 
and  company  commander,  and  in  the  capture  of  disaffected  Bannack 
Indians  at  Ross  Fork  (Idaho)  Agency  in  January,  1878,  as  battalion 
adjutant,  commissary,  and  quartermaster.  He  served  in  field  oper- 
ations in  Northern  Wyoming  during  the  summer  and  fall  of  1878  ; 
in  field  operations  against  hostile  Cheyennes  in  the  sand-hills  of 
Western  Nebraska,  January-February,  1879,  as  battalion  adjutant 
and  company  commander ;  and  in  the  expedition  against  the  hos- 
tile Utes  of  Colorado  (acting  assistant  adjutant-general),  October- 
December,  1879,  and  participated  in  raising  the  siege  and  action 
of  Milk  Creek,  Col.  He  served  as  acting  adjutant  of  the  regiment 
from  January  28,  1878,  to  April  23,  1879,  when  he  was  appointed 
regimental  adjutant,  to  date  from  June  4,  1878.  He  changed 
station,  in  April,  1880,  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  as 
post  and  regimental  adjutant  until  August,  1882,  when  he  was 
transferred  with  the  regimental  headcpiarters  to  Fort  Sidney, 
Neb. 


137.  Horatio  G.  Sickel,  Jr.,  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June, 
1876,  and  assigned,  on  the  15th,  to  the  Fourteenth  Infantry  as  a 
second  lieutenant.  He  was  transferred  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  on 
the  18th  of  August,  but,  without  joining  the  regiment,  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Seventh  Cavalry  on  the  20th  of  September,  to  rank 
from  July  28,  1876.  He  was  promoted  a  first  lieutenant  December 
17,  18S2.  He  joined  his  regiment  in  the  Department  of  Dakota, 
and  has  served  at  Forts  Snelling,  Totten,  Lincoln,  and  Meade, 
with  frequent  tours  of  field-service,  to  the  present  time.  He  is 
now  serving  at  Fort  Meade,  Dak. 


138.  Fred  W.  Foster  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June,  1877, 
and  assigned,  on  the  15th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieuten- 
ant.    He  joined  at  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  on  the  30th  of  Decern- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  575 

bcr,  where  lie  had  station  until  May  15,  1878,  ami  was  employed 
(February-April)  in  surveying-  a  military  wagon  road  from  Fort 
Washakie  to  Rawlins,  Wyo.  He  was  then  employed  on  field- 
service  until  the  21st  of  July,  when  he  was  assigned  to  Fort 
McKinney,  Wyo.,  where  he  served  (commanding  company)  until 
July,  1870.  He  then  conducted  a  detachment  of  military  pris- 
oners to  Fort  Omaha,  Neb.,  and,  after  a  brief  leave  of  absence, 
rejoined  his  company  in  the  field  at  Rawlins,  Wyo.,  on  the  28th 
of  November,  and  conducted  a  company  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  April,  1880,  when  he  was  as- 
signed to  temporary  duty  at  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  whence  he  was 
transferred,  in  June,  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  has  since 
served  as  a  company  officer  and  post  commissary. 


130.  IlEsritY  J.  Goldmax  was  born  in  Hanover,  Germany, 
and  emigrated  at  an  early  age  with  his  parents  to  the  United 
States.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th 
of  June,  1877,  and  assigned,  on  the  15th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry 
as  a  second  lieutenant.  He  joined  at  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo., 
on  the  17th  of  December,  where  he  had  station  until  July,  1870, 
and  was  employed  on  escort  duty  (commanding)  to  Fort  Kcogh, 
Mon.,  January-February,  1878.  lie  served  as  engineer  officer 
for  an  expedition  to  the  Little  Missouri  River,  Dak.,  March-April, 
1878 ;  as  a  company  commander,  May-October,  1878  ;  on  field- 
service  in  Northern  Wyoming,  June-July,  1878  ;  and  as  post-ad  ju- 
taut  from  November,  1878,  to  January,  1870.  He  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until 
October,  1870,  when  he  served  with  the  expedition  against  the 
hostile  Utes  of  Colorado,  and  participated  in  raising  the  siege  and 
action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.  He  served  as  adjutant  for  a  battalion 
of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  on  White  River,  Col.,  during  the  winter 
of  1870-80.  He  then  proceeded  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where 
he  arrived  on  the  2d  of  April,  and  availed  himself  of  a  leave 
of  absence  until  August,  1880.  He  rejoined  at  Camp  Sheridan, 
Neb.,  where  he  had  station  (adjutant)  until  May,  1881,  when 
he  was  transferred  to  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.,  where  he  has  since 
served,  with  occasional  tours  of  detached  service  and  leaves  of  ab- 
sence, as  a  company  officer  and  post  adjutant. 


57G  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

140.  James  V.  S.  Paddock  was  born  in  Illinois.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June,  1877, 
and  assigned,  on  the  15th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant, He  joined  at  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  on  the  6th  of  December, 
where  he  had  station  until  May  15,  1878,  when  he  entered  upon 
a  tour  of  field-service  in  Northern  Wyoming,  which  continued 
to  the  11  th  of  December.  He  was  then  assigned  to  Fort  D.  A. 
Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  September,  1879,  when 
he  joined  Major  Thornburgh's  expedition  against  the  disaffected 
Utes  of  Colorado,  and  marched  from  Fort  Fred  Steele,  Wyo., 
towards  the  agency  on  White  River,  Col.  (commanding  com- 
pany), and  was  twice  wounded  during  the  memorable  action  and 
siege  at  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  29th  of  September-5th  of  October. 
He  received  an  honorable  mention  in  department  orders  and  a 
joint  resolution  of  thanks  from  the  Sixth  Legislative  Assembly  of 
Wyoming  Territory  for  his  bravery,  heroic  conduct,  and  efficient 
services  during  the  engagement  and  subsequent  siege.  He  was 
absent,  on  a  certificate  of  disability  and  leave  of  absence,  from 
October  18, 1879,  to  October  2,  1880,  when  he  rejoined  his  company 
at  Fort  Niobrara,  Neb.,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  a  company 
officer. 


141.  Jonsr  T.  Barnett  was  born  in  Indiana.  He  was  grad- 
uated from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  13th  of  June,  1878, 
and  assigned,  on  the  14th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant. He  joined  the  regiment  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo., 
on  the  1st  of  October,  where  he  remained  until  the  25th  of 
November,  when  he  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave  of  absence, 
which  continued  until  October  1,  1879.  He  then  rej,incd  at 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  and  was  employed  on  light  duty  until  the 
25th  of  November,  when  he  again  availed  himself  of  a  sick-leave 
of  absence,  which  continued  until  December,  1882,  when  he  was 
ordered  to  light  duty  in  the  Department  of  Texas,  where  he  is 
now  serving. 


142.  Augustus  C.  Macomb  was  born  in  Michigan,  and  was 
appointed,  from  at  large,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Fourth 
Infantry,  to  date  from  January  23,  1873.     He  served  with  a  bat- 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS,  57? 

"talion  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  Northern  "Wyoming  during  the 
summer  and  fall  of  1878,  and  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wy<>., 
until  March  8,  1879  (engaged  in  field  operations  against  tho 
hostile  Cheyennes  [commanding  company]  in  the  sand-hills  of 
Western  Nebraska,  January-February,  1879),  when  he  was  relieved 
from  duty  with  the  regimen^.  lie  was  transferred,  at  his  own 
request,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  rank  from  June  3,  1879,  and 
joined  at  Fort  D.  A.  "Russell  on  the  27th  of  June,  where  he 
served  until  October,  18S0,  when  he  participated  in  the  expedi- 
tion against  the  hostile  Utes  of  Colorado,  and  was  engaged  in 
raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.  lie  served  at  the 
White  River  Agency,  Col.,  until  November,  when  he  returned  to 
Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  where  he  had  station  until  April,  1SS0.  He 
was  then  transferred  to  Fort  Niobrara,  where  he  is  now  serving  as 
a  company  officer. 


143.  James  E.  Runcie  was  bom  in  Iowa.  lie  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  13th  of  June,  1879,  and  as- 
signed, on  the  13th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieutenant ; 
but,  without  joining  the  regiment,  was  transferred  to  the  First 
Artillery,  to  rank  from  August  11,  1879.  lie  served  with  his 
battery  at  Fort  Trumbull,  Conn.,  until  August,  1880,  when  he 
was  assigned  to  duty  as  an  acting  assistant  professor  of  mathe- 
matics at  the  Military  Academy,  where  he  is  now  serving. 


144.  Luther  S.  Welborx  was  born  in  Indiana.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  12th  of  June,  1879, 
and  assigned,  on  the  13th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant. He  joined  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  on  the  29th  of 
September,  and  participated  in  the  expedition  against  the  hostile 
Utcs'of  Colorado  (October,  1879-March,  1880),  and  was  engaged 
in  raking  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  and  served  at 
the  White  River  Agency,  Col.  (commanding  company  from  the 
20th  of  December,  1879,  to  the  2d  of  April,  1880),  until  March* 
1880.  He  then  returned  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  whence  he  was 
transferred,  on  the  29th  of  April,  to  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  where 
he  has  since  served,  with  occasional  tours  of  detached  service  and 
leaves  of  absence,  as  a  company  officer. 

37 


578  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

145.  Lorenzo  L.  C.  Biiooks  was  born  in  Iowa.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  12th  of  June,  1879, 
and  assigned,  on  the  13th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant. He  joined  his  company  at  the  White  River  Agency, 
Col.,  on  the  27th  of  October,  where  ho  served  until  March,  1880, 
He  has  since  served,  with  occasional  tours  of  detached  service  and 
leaves  of  absence,  as  a  company  Officer  at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell, 
Wyo.,  Fort  Robinson,  Neb.  (commanding  company),  Fort  Sidney, 
Neb.,  and  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo. 


146.  Henry  De  H.  Waitb  was  born  in  New  York.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  12th  of  June, 
1879,  and  assigned,  on  the  13th,  to  the  Third  Infantry  as  a  second 
lieutenant.  He  was  transferred,  at  his  own  request,  to  the  Fiftii 
Cavalry,  to  rank  from  September  4,  1879,  and  joined  his  company 
at  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo.,  on  the  1st  of  October,  where  he  served 
(adjutant)  until  May,  1880,  when  he  was  assigned  to  Fort 
Laramie,  Wyo.,  where  he  had  station  until  May,  18S2,  when  he 
was  transferred  to  Fort  Washakie,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  a 
company  officer. 


147.  William  E.  Almy  (a  son  of  Rear-Admiral  John  J. 
Almy,  United  States  navy)  was  born  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  12th  of 
June,  1879,  and  assigned,  on  the  13th,  to  the  Third  Infantry  as 
a  second  lieutenant.  He  was  transferred,  at  his  own  request,  to 
the  Fifth  Cavalry,  to  rank  from  September  4,  1879,  and  joined 
at  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  on  the  29th  of  September,  and  par- 
ticipated, as  cavalry  adjutant,  in  the  expedition  against  the  hostile 
Utes  of  Colorado  (October-November,  1879),  and  was  engaged  in 
raising  the  siege  and  action  at  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  and  served  at  the 
White  River  Agency,  Col.,  until  the  22d  of  November.  He  re- 
turned to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell  on  the  29th,  where  he  served  (com- 
manding company)  until  April  27,  1880,  when  he  was  transferred 
to  Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  has  since  served,  with  occasional 
tours  of  detached  service  and  leave  of  absence,  as  a  company  com- 
mander, post  adjutant,  and  acting  signal  and  ordnance  officer. 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS,  679 

148.    Lester  W.   Cornish  was  born  in  Massachusetts,      lie 

was  graduated  from  the  Military  Aoademy  on  the  10th  of  June, 
1881,  and  assigned,  on  the  11th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  a  second 
lieutenant.  He  joined,  on  the  expiration  of  the  graduating  leave, 
at  Fort  Niobrara,  Neb.,  where  he  served  until  August  10,  1882, 
when  he  proceeded  by  rail  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  where  he 
had  station  until  November  12,  1882,  when  he  was  transferred  to 
Fort  Sidney,  Neb.,  where  he  is  now  serving  as  a  company  officer. 


BREVET   SECOND   LIEUTENANTS. 

2.  Albert  V.  Colburn  was  born  in  Vermont  in  1831.  lie 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 
1855,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant,  lie  joined  at  Jefferson  Barracks  on  the  30th 
of  September,  where  he  served  (commanding  company)  until  the 
11th  of  October,  when  he  was  relieved  from  duty  with  the  regi- 
ment, having  been  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  First 
(present  Fourth)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  October  1,  1855.  He 
served  at  Fort  Leavenworth,  and  participated  in  quelling  the 
Kansas  disturbances,  1855-5?  ;  was  adjutant  of  the  First  Cavalry 
from  the  17th  of  February  to  the  30th  of  April,  1857;  partici- 
pated in  the  Cheyenne  expedition  of  1857,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  combat  on  Solomon's  Fork  of  Kansas  River  on  the  29th  of 
July  ;  served  at  Fort  Riley,  and  participated  in  the  Utah  expe- 
dition, 1857-58  ;  was  adjutant  of  the  First  Cavalry  from  June 
11,  1858,  to  July  1,  1861,  and  served  as  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general  for  Colonel  Edwin  V.  Sumner  during  the  campaign  against 
the  Kiowas  and  Comanches  in  1800.  He  was  promoted  a  first 
lieutenant  January  31,  1SG1,  and  vacated  the  commission  May  24, 
1861.  He  was  appointed  a  brevet  captain  and  assistant  adjutant- 
general  July  1,  1861;  a  captain  and  assistant  adjutant-general1 
August  3,  1861;  a  lieutenant-colonel  and  additional  aide-de-camp 
September  28,  18G1  ;  and  a  major  and  assistant  adjutant-general 
July  17,  1862. 

He  served  on  the  staff  of  General  McClellan  from  July  31. 
1861,  to  March  10,  18112.  and  as  an  assistant  adjutant  general  in 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  from  July  31,   1861,  to  November  ?„ 


080  MILITARY   RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

1862,  having  station  in  the  defenses  of  Washington  during  the 
winter  of  1861-62,  and  participating  in  all  the  battles  and  opera- 
tions of  the  Manassas,  Virginia  Peninsular,  and  Maryland  cam- 
paigns. He  was  assigned,  on  the  1st  of  December,  1862,  as 
assistant  adjutant-general  for  the  Department  of  the  Missouri, 
and  died  at  St.  Louis,  after  a  brief  illness,  on  the  17th  of  June, 

1863.  He  was  distinguished  for  gallantry  as  a  soldier,  was  esteemed 
for  his  social  qualities,  and  enjoyed  the  respect  and  affection  of 
his  comrades-in-arms. 


3.  Lunsford  L.  Lomax  (son  of  Major  Lomax,  of  the  Ordnance 
Corps)  was  born  in  Rhode  Island.  He  was  graduated  from  the 
Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1856,  and  assigned  to  the 
Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second  lieutenant,  but, 
without  joining  the  regiment,  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant 
in  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry,  to  date  from  September  30, 
1856.  He  served  at  Carlisle,  Pa.,  1856-57;  at  Fort  Leavenworth, 
and  participated  in  quelling  the  Kansas  disturbances,  1857 ;  par- 
ticipated in  the  Cheyenne  expedition  of  1857,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  combat  on  Solomon's  Fork  of  Kansas  River  on  the  29th  of 
Jul}',  and  in  a  skirmish  near  the  Saline  River,  Kan.,  on  the  6th 
of  August ;  served  at  Fort  Riley,  Kan.,  Fort  Kearney,  Neb.,  Fort 
Arbuckle,  I.  T.,  and  Fort  Cobb,  Col.,  1857-60,  and  participated 
in  the  Kiowa  and  Comanche  expedition,  June-September,  1860, 
and  was  engaged  in  several  skirmishes  with  the  savages.  He  was 
promoted  a  first  lieutenant  March  21,  1861,  and  resigned  his  com- 
mission April  25,  1861.  He  then  entered  the  Confederate  service, 
where  he  attained  the  grade  of  brigadier-general,  and  commanded 
a,  division  of  cavalry  during  the  Shenandoah  campaign  of  1864, 
and  was  conspicuous  for  important  services  at  Front  Royal,  Cedar 
Creek,  "Winchester,  Woodstock,  and  later  at  Morganton,  N.  C, 
where  he  had  an  engagement  with  General  Stoneman  in  April,  1S65. 

After  the  war  he  returned  to  civil  pursuits,  and  was  employed 
for  several  years  in  the  clerk's  office  of  the  United  States  House 
of  Representatives  at  AVashington,  D.  C. 


6.  John  T.  Magruder  was  born  in  Virginia  in   1837.     He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July, 


MILITARY    ItECOllDS   OF   OFFICERS.  581 

1857,  and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet 
second  lieutenant.  lie  served  ut  Carlisle,  Pa.,  until  April  '24, 
1838,  when  he  was  transferred,  without  joining  the  regiment,  in 
the  same  grade  to  the  First  (present  Fourth)  Cavalry.  He  joined 
his  regiment  in  Kansas,  and  died  at  Marysville,  X.  T.,  June  28, 
1858. 


8.  Wade  H.  Gibbes  was  born  in  South  Carolina.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  1st  of  July,  1800, 
and  assigned  to  the  Fifth  (old  Second)  Cavalry  as  a  brevet  second 
lieutenant.  After  a  few  weeks'  service  at  West  Point  in  charge 
of  a  cavalry  detachment  he  was  ordered  to  join  the  regiment  at 
Camp  Cooper,  Texas,  but,  at  his  request,  the  order  was  suspended 
until  the  31st  of  December.  He  resigned  his  commission  January 
1,  1861,  and  entered  the  Confederate  service  as  a  first  lieutenant 
of  artillery,  and  participated  in  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter. 
He  was  promoted,  in  July,  1861,  a  major  of  artillery,  and  reported 
to  General  Wise  in  West  Virginia,  where  he  served  until  October, 
when  an  attack  of  typhoid  fever  disabled  him  for  duty  until  the 
spring  of  1862.  He  then  served  at  the  conscript  camp  near 
Columbia,  S.  C,  until  the  next  September,  when  he  reported  to 
General  Kirby  Smith  in  Kentucky,  and  served  for  a  few  weeks  as 
chief  of  staff  for  General  Henry  Heth.  Another  severe  attack  of 
typhoid  fever,  from  which  his  friends  thought  he  could  not  recover, 
prostrated  him  until  the  spring  of  1863,  when  he  was  sent  to 
Bermuda,  where  he  was  finally  restored  to  health. 

Upon  his  return  he  was  assigned  to  duty  at  Wilmington,  N.  C, 
where  he  served  until  April,  1864,  when  he  had  his  first  battle 
experience  at  Spottsylvania.  He  afterwards  participated  in  the 
second  battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  and  served  in  the  defenses  of 
Petersburg,  where  he  was  severely  injured,  while  commanding 
a  battalion  of  artillery  (Mine  Hun  explosion),  by  a  gun-shot 
wound  through  the  right  collar-bone.  He  returned  to  duty 
in  February,  1865,  and  was  assigned  to  the  command  of  Chaffin's 
Bluff,  but  retreated  on  the  3d  of  April  with  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia,  and  surrendered  at  Appomattox  Conrt-llouse  on  the  9th 
of  April,  1865.  He  is  now  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  near 
Columbia,  S.  C,  and  has  been  for  a  number  of  years  the  treasurer 


.082  MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS. 

of  Richland  County.  He  claims  to  have  fired  the  first  shotted 
gun  at  Fort  Sumter,  and  believes  that  he  fired  the  last  shotted 
gun  at  Appomattox  Court-House,  although  this  distinction  is  now 
claimed  bv  others. 


ADDITIONAL   SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

10.  Geoege  W.  Baxter  was  born  in  North  Carolina.  He 
was  graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June, 
1877,  and  assigned,  on  the  loth,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  an  addi- 
tional second  lieutenant,  but,  without  joining  the  regiment,  was 
appointed  a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Third  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
September  16,  1877.  He  served  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte, 
having  stations  at  Spotted  Tail  Agency,  Forts  Robinson,  Laramie, 
Washakie,  and  D.  A.  Russell  (engaged  in  skirmishes  with  hostile 
Cheyenne  Indians,  January  9-22,  1879),  until  the  spring  of  1881, 
when  he  availed  himself  of  a  leave  of  absence,  tendered  his  resig- 
nation, which  was  accepted  July  1,  1881,  and  engaged  in  the  stock- 
growing  business  near  Fort  Washakie,  Wyo. 


II.  William  H.  Baldwin  was  born  in  Pennsylvania.  He  was 
graduated  from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  14th  of  June,  1877, 
and  assigned,  on  the  15th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  an  additional 
second  lieutenant,  but,  without  joining  the  regiment,  was  ap- 
pointed a  second  lieutenant  in  the  Seventh  Cavalry,  to  date  from 
September  30,  1877.  He  served  in  the  Department  of  Dakota, 
having  stations  at  Forts  Lincoln,  Bear  Butte,  and  Fort  Meade, 
until  April  9,  1880,  when  he  was  appointed  regimental  quarter- 
master, and  served  at  Fort  Meade,  Dak.,  until  November  30,  1881, 
when  he  was  relieved,  at  his  own  request,  and  returned  to  com- 
pany duty  at  that  station,  where  he  is  now  serving. 


12.  Britton  Davis  was  born  in  Texas.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Military  Academy  on  the  10th  of  June,  1881,  and  as- 
signed, on  the  11th,  to  the  Fifth  Cavalry  as  an  additional  second 
lieutenant,  but,  without  joining  the  regiment,  was  appointed  a 


MILITARY    UECOl&S   <>F   OFFICERS.  588 

second  lieutenant  in  the  Third  Cavalry  July  1,  1881.  He  served 
with  his  company  in  the  Department  of  the  Platte  until  May, 
18S2,  when  he  was  transferred,  with  his  regiment,  to  the  Depart- 
ment of  Arizona,  and  is  now  serving  at  Fort  Thomas  as  a  company 
officer. 


BUFFALO  BILL.' 


William  F.  Cody  was  born  in  Scott  County,  Iowa,  lie  re- 
moved at  an  early  age  to  Kansas,  and  was  employed  on  the  plains, 
until  the  beginning  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  as  a  herder,  wagon- 
master,  and  pony-express  rider.  He  went  to  Pike's  Peak  during 
the  excitement  which  followed  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Colorado, 
but,  failing  of  success,  returned  to  Kansas  and  became  a  trapper  on 
the  Republican  River.  In  the  fall  of  18G1  he  began  the  business  of 
a  government  scout  and  guide  at  Fort  Lamed,  Kan.,  and  in  1862 
served  as  a  scout  and  guide  for  the  Ninth  Kansas  Cavalry,  being 
chiefly  employed  in  Arkansas  and  South-western  Missouri  ;  in 
18(53  he  enlisted  in  the  Seventh  Kansas  Cavalry,  and  served  in 
Tennessee,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  and  Kansas,  and  participated  in 
several  battles.  He  was  made  a  non-commissioned  officer  and 
served  as  a  scout  for  his  regiment  after  the  battle  of  Tupelo.  He 
was  honorably'  discharged  at  the  end  of  the  war  and  engaged  in 
various  business  pursuits  until  the  spring  of  1867,  when  he  made 
a  contract,  for  a  monthly  compensation  of  five  hundred  dollars,  to 
deliver  all  the  buffalo  moat,  that  would  be  needed  for  food  purposes 
for  a  large  number  of  laborers  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railway,  in 
Western  Kansas;  and  during  this  engagement — a  period  of  less 
than  eighteen  months — he  killed  four  thousand  two  hundred  and 
eighty  buffaloes.  This  remarkable  success  gained  for  him  the  name 
of  Buffalo  Bill.  When  hunting  buffaloes  Cody  would  ride  his  horse, 
whenever  possible,  to  the  right  front  of  a  herd,  shoot  down  the 
leaders,  and  crowd  their  followers  to  the  left  until  they  began  to 
run  in  a  circle,  when  he  would  soon  kill  all  that  he  required. 

Cody  again  entered  the  government  service  in  18G8  as  a  scout 
and  guide,  and,  after  a  series  of  dangerous  rides,  as  bearer  of  im- 
portant dispatches,  through  a  country  which  was  infested  with 
hostile  Indians,  was  appointed  by  General  Sheridan  chief   scout 


584  MILITARY    KECOKDS   OF   OJTFICEES. 

and  guide  for  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  which  had  been  recently  ordered 
from  reconstruction  duty  in  the  Southern  States  for  a  campaign 
against  the  hostile  Sioux  and  Cheyennes.  He  joined  a  detachment 
of  the  regiment  at  Fort  Hays,  Kan.,  and  was  engaged  during  the 
fall  of  18GS  in  the  combats  on  Beaver  and  Shnter  creeks  and  the 
north  branch  of  Solomon  River.  He  then  served  with  the  Cana- 
dian River  expedition  during  the  winter  of  1S68-G9,  and  became 
deservedly  conspicuous  for  cheerful  service  under  dispiriting  cir- 
cumstances, and  the  successful  discharge  of  important  duties.  He 
marched  with  a  battalion  of  the  regiment  across  the  country  from 
Fort  Lyon,  Col.,  to  Fort  McPherson,  Neb.,  during  May,  1869,  and 
was  engaged  en  route  in  the  combat  at  Beaver  Creek,  Kan.,  where 
he  rendered  an  important  and  brilliant  service  by  carrying  dis- 
patches from  a  detached  party  to  the  cavalry  camp,  after  a  soldier 
courier  had  been  driven  back  by  the  Indians  ;  and  again  *t  Spring 
•Creek,  Neb.,  three  days  later,  where,  when  the  advance-guard 
under  Lieutenant  Babcock  were  surrounded  by  a  large  force  of  the 
enemy,  he  was  distinguished  for  coolness  and  bravery. 

Cody  was  appointed  chief  scout  and  guide  for  the  Republican 
River  expedition  of  1869,  and  was  conspicuous  during  the  pursuit 
of  the  Dog  Soldiers,  under  the  celebrated  Cheyenne  chief  Tall 
Bull,  to  Summit  Springs,  Col.  ;  he  also  guided  the  Fifth  Cavalry 
to  a  position  whence  the  regiment  was  enabled  to  charge  upon  the 
enemy  and  win  a  brilliant  victory.  He  afterwards  participated  in 
the  Niobrara  pursuit,  and  later  narrowly  escaped  death  at  the  hands 
of  hostile  Sioux  on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Kan.,  September  26,  1869. 
He  was  assigned  to  Fort  McPherson  when  the  expedition  was  dis- 
banded, and  served  at  that  station  (was  a  justice  of  the  peace  in 
1871)  until  the  Fifth  Cavalry  was  transferred  to  Arizona.  He 
served  during  this  period  with  several  expeditions,  and  was  con- 
spicuous for  gallant  conduct  in  the  Indian  combats  at  Red  Willow 
and  Bird  wood  creeks,  and  also  for  successful  services  as  chief  scout 
and  guide  of  the  buffalo-hunt  which  was  arranged  by  General 
$heridan  for  the  Grand  Duke  Alexis  of  Russia. 

Cody  was  then  assigned  to  duty  with  the  Third  Cavalry,  and 
served  with  that  regiment  until  the  fall  of  1873,  when  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Nebraska  Legislature,  and  thus  acquired 
the  title  of  "  Honorable."  But,  accepting  the  advice  of  Eastern 
friends,  he  resigued  his  seat  in  the  Legislature  and  also  his  position 


MILITARY    RECORDS   OF   OFFICERS.  .085 

of  scout  and  guide  at  Fort  McPherson,  and  proceeded  to  Chicago, 
where  he  made  his  first  appearance  as  an  actor  in  a  drama 
entitled  "  The  Scouts  of  the  Plains,"  winning  an  instant  suc- 
cess. He  continued  in  the  theatrical  business  until  the  beginning 
of  the  Sioux  war  of  1876,  when  he  discharged  his  company, 
hastened  to  Cheyenne,  Wyo.,  joined  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  which  had 
recently  returned  from  Arizona,  and  was  engaged  in  the  affair  at 
War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  where  he  killed  in  a  hand- 
to-hand  combat  the  Cheyenne  chief  Yellow  Hand.  lie  then 
accompanied  the  Fifth  Cavalry  to  Goose  Creek,  Mon.,  and  served 
with  the  Big  Horn  and  Yellowstone  expedition  until  September, 
Avhen  business  engagements  compelled  him  to  return  to  the 
Eastern  States.  Cody  abundantly  proved  during  this  campaign 
that  he  had  lost  none  of  his  old-time  skill  and  daring  in  Indian 
warfare.  He  enjoys  a  brilliant  reputation  as  a  scout  and  guide, 
which  has  been  fairly  earned  by  faithful  and  conspicuous  services. 
He  is  modest  and  unassuming,  and  free  from  the  common  faults 
of  the  typical  frontier-man.  His  present  lucrative  business  has 
made  him  widely  known  throughout  the  country.  He  has  valuable 
property  interests  at  North  Platte,  Neb.,  and  is  part  owner  of  an 
extensive  cattle  ranch  on  Dismal  River,  sixty-five  miles  north  of 
North  Platte,  having  for  a  partner  in  the  business  Major  Frank 
North,  who  is  well  known  as  the  whilom  commander  of  the 
celebrated  Pawnee  Scouts. 

William  F.  Cody  is  one  of  the  best  scouts  and  guides  that  ever 
rode  at  the  head  of  a  column  of  cavalry  on  the  prairies  of  the  far 
West.  His  army  friends,  from  general  to  private,  hope  that  he 
may  live  long  and  prosper  abundantly.  Should  the  wild  Sioux 
again  go  on  the  war-path,  Cody  (if  living)  will  be  found  with  the 
cavalry  advance,  riding  another  "Buckskin  Joe"  and  carrying 
his  Springfield  rifle  "Lucretia  "  across  the  pommel  of  his  saddle. 


PART    Til  HID. 


The  Appendix. 


I.  Field  Officers. 
II.  Commissioned  Staff. 

III.  NON-COMMISSIONED   STAFF. 

IV.  Regimental  Commanders. 
V.  Company  Officers. 

VI.  Company  Officers,  arranged  by  Companies. 

VII.  Officers  commissioned  in   the  Regular  and  Volunteer  Armies  of 
the  United  States  who  have   served  as  Enlisted   Men  in  the 
Regiment. 
VIII.  Stations,  Changes  of  Station,  and  Field-Service. 
IX.  Battle  Record. 
X.  Roll  of  Honor  of  Enlisted  Men. 
XI.-  Officers  who  have  been  killed  or  v.-ounded  in   Battle  or   in   tub 

Line  of  their  Duty. 
XII.  Officers    who    have    served    in    the    Volunteer    Armies    of    the 
United  States. 
XIII.  Brevet    Commissions    conferred    and    recommended    for    gallant, 

FAITHFUL,    AND   MERITORIOUS   SERVICES. 


PART   THIRD. 


THE  APPENDIX, 


No.    1. 

FIELD-OFFICERS    OF    THE    FIFTH    CAVALRY. 


[Officers  to  whose  names  a  *  is  ajfixed never  joined the  regiment  in  the  grade  indicated.] 


Colonels. 


Mar.   3,  '55 

May    3,  '61 

Oct.  27,  '63 

July    1,  '76 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  16,  '6i 
Apr.  25,  '61 
May  3,  *6i 
Oct.  1,  '61 
May  g,  '64 
July  28,  '66 
Jan.  15,  '73 
Apr.  10,  '73 
Apr.  29,  "79 


1.  Albert  S.  Johnston. 

2.  George  H.  Thomas 

3.  William  H.  Emory  . 

4.  Wesley  Merritt 


Lieutenant-Colonels. 


Mar. 

3, 

'55 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

May 

12, 

'55 

June 

2&, 

'60 

Jan. 

3i. 

'61 

Apr. 

6, 

'6 1 

Apr. 

25. 

'6 1 

Nov 

12, 

'61 

Robert  E.  Lee 

John  Sedgwick  * 

George  H.  Thomas 

DelosB.  Sacket* 

Lawrence  P.  Graham*... 

Andrew  J.  Smith  * 

Thomas  Duncan 

John  P.  Hatch* 

Eugene  A.  Carr 

Charles  E.  Compton 

Majors. 

William  J.  Hardee 

William  H.  Emory  * 

George  H.  Thomas 

Earl  Van  Dorn 

Edmund  K.  Smith  * 

James  Oakes 

Innis  N.  Palmer 

Joseph  IL  Whittlesey 


May  3,  '61. 
Oct.  27,  '63. 
July    1,  '76. 


Mar. 
Apr. 
May 
Oct. 
May 

July 

Jan. 
Apr. 
Apr. 


16,  '61. 
25,  '61. 
3,   '&". 

i,   '61. 

9,  '64. 
23,  '66. 
15,  '73- 
io,  '73- 
29.  '79- 


June 
May 
Apr. 
Jan. 
Apr. 
Nov. 
Sept. 
Nov. 


28,  '60. 
26,  '55- 
25,  '61. 
31,  '61. 
6,  '61. 
12,  '61. 
23, '63. 
30,  '63- 


rm 


APPENDIX. 


July  17, 

•62 

Sept.  23, 

'63 

Dec.    I, 

'63 

Dec.    7. 

'63 

July  28, 

'66 

Apr.  24, 

•67 

Feb.  10, 

'73 

Aug.    I, 

'74 

Dec.    2, 

'75 

Mar.    4, 

'79 

Feb.  17, 

'S3 

Majors — Continued.  T0- 

9.  Eugene  A.  Carr  ' ;  Jan.   7,  '73. 

10.  David  H.  Hastings  * 1  Dec.  7,  '63. 

11.  David  S.  Stanley* !  July  28,  '66. 

12.  William  B.  Royall !  Dec.   2,  '75. 

13.  Nelson  B.  Sweitzer2 !  Apr.  24,  '67. 

14.  Eugene  W.  Crittenden2 |  Aug.  1,  '74. 

15.  George  A.  Gordon  3 j  Oct.  26,  '78. 

16.  John  J.  Upham !     

17.  Verling  K.  Hart j  Feb.  17, '83. 

18.  Edwin  V.  Sumner 4 

19.  Louis  H.  Carpenter  5 1 


No.    2. 
COMMISSIONED    STAFF    OF    THE    FIFTH    CAVALRY. 


Apr.  20,  '55 

May  31,  '58 

June   I,  *6i 

May    9,  '62 

Dec.    1,  '62 

July  31,  '66 

Dec.  31,  '66 

July  12,  '69 

Oct.    5,  '76 

June   4,  '78 


June  12,  "55 
Oct.  1,  '56 
Apr.    I,    '61 


Adjutants. 

1.  Kenner  Garrard 

2.  William  W.  Lowe 

3.  Abraham  K.  Arnold 

4.  Thomas  E.  Maley 

5.  James  Hastings 

6.  Kenelm  Robbins 

7.  Robert  H.  Montgomery   . . . 

8.  William  C.  Forbush 

9.  Charles  King 

10.  Eben  Swift,  Jr.0 


May  31, 

•58. 

May   9, 

'6i. 

May  9, 

'62. 

Dec.   1, 

'62. 

July  31, 

'66. 

Dec.  31 

'66. 

July  12, 

•69. 

Oct.    5, 

•76. 

Jan.  28, 

•78 

Quartermasters. 

1.  Richard  W.  Johnson 

2.  Joseph  F.  Minter 

3.  A.  Parker  Porter 


Sept.  30,  '56. 
Mar.  31,  '61. 
Aug.   3,  '6 1. 


1  Act  of  Congress,  July  17,  1862,  authorized  three  majors  to  each  cavalry  regiment. 

3  Assignment  revoked  by  the  War  Department,  and  Crittenden  assigned,  to  date  from  July  2S, 
1 365,  but  Sweitzer  served  as  major  for  the  period  as  stated. 

>  Reappointed  to  service  February  10,  1873,  with  his  original  rank  from  November  1,  1S67— Act 
of  Congress,  February  10,  1873. 

*  Confirmed  by  the  Senate,  to  date  from  March  4,  1879,  vice  Gordon,  deceased  October  26,  1878. 

*  Major  Hart  died  at  Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.,  February  17,  1883,  of  paralysis  of  the  heart,  as 
the  military  records  of  officers  were  going  through  the  press,  and  Major  Carpenter  succeeded  to 
the  vacancy.  The  compiler  is  unable  at  this  late  date  to  prepare  a  satisfactory  statement  of  the 
military  services  of  the  junior  major  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 

*  There  were  fourteen  first  lieutenants  in  the  regiment  from  January  28,  1878,  to  June  4,  1878. 
Second  Lieutenant  Eben  S  vift,  Jr.,  was  acting  regimental  adjutant  during  this  period. 


APPENDIX. 


CvJl 


Quartermasters —  Continued. 


Aug.  3, 
Dec.  I, 
Dec.  I, 
Aug.  3, 
Dec.  31, 
June  22, 
May  I, 
Aug.  29, 
Oct.    5, 


4.  Charles  II.  Tompkins7  . 

5.  William  H.  Brown  H. . . . 

6.  Thomas  E.  Maley 

7.  Robert  II.  Montgomery 

8.  Alfred  B.  Taylor 

9.  Edward  M.  Hayes 

10.  George  F.  Price 

11.  Charles  H.  Rockwell... 

12.  William  P.  Hall 


Commissaries. 


Nov.  29, 

'62 

July  31, 

'66 

Dec.  31, 

'66 

Apr.  25, 

•69 

1.  Philip  Dwyer 

2.  James  C.  Cooley.. 

3.  Kenelm  Robbins  8 

4.  Alfred  B.  Bache . . 


Dec.  1,  '61. 
Dec.  1,  '62. 
Nov.  30,  '64. 
Dec.  31,  '66. 
June  22,  '69. 
May  1,  '72. 
Aug.  29,  '72. 
Oct.    5,  '76. 


July  31,  '66. 
Dec.  31,  '66. 
Mar.  31,  '67. 
July  20,  '69. 
July  20,  '69       5.  Jacob  Almy10 July  15,  '70. 


No.    3. 

NON-COMMISSIONED  STAFF  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY 


June  1,  '55 
July  1,  '58 
May  i,  '60 
Aug.  1,  "62 
Nov.  1,  '62 
May  14,  '63 
Aug.  10,  '63 
Feb.  19,  '65 
Nov.  1,  '65 
Apr.  1,  '71 
July  I,  '71 
Aug.  1,  '72 
Jan.  14,  '75 
Feb.    3,    '76 


Sergeant-Majors. 

David  Hulton 

Enoch  F.  Deaton 

Jeremiah  C.  Denney  " 

Henry  Baker  u 

Alexander  W.  Simons 


6.  Joseph  Blattler 


George  Nichols 

Alfred  Guiton 

Joseph  H.  Maynard 

James  R.  Redfield 

Francis  M 'Court I  Aug.    1, 

Augustin  Knoflach I  Jan.  12, 

Gustave  Walden Jan.  30, 

James  E.  Derwent M  ay  1 6, 


July  31. 
May  I, 
July  25. 
Sept.  22, 
May  14, 
Aug.  9. 
Feb.  14, 
Oct.  4, 
Mar.  30, 
June  1, 


T  Appointed  assistant  quartermaster.  U.  S.  Army,  to  rank  from  November  13,  i36r. 
8  Appointed  assistant  quartermaster  of  volunteers,  to  rank  from  October  20,  iSi  2. 
•  Promoted  captain,  Korty-third    Infantry,  to  rank   from  January  22,  1SC7,  and   relieved  fi 
duty  with  the  regiment  March  31,  1867. 

10  Grade  abolished — Act  of  Congress,  July  15,  1870. 

11  Commissioned  seconi  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  July  17,  \i  2. 


592 


APPENDIX. 


Aug.  I,  '76 
Dec.  1,  '78 
July    i,    '81 


Sergeant-Majors— Continued 

15.  Paul  F.  A.  Hiimme 

16.  Charles  Rastaetter , 

17.  Charles  W.  Seymore. 


July  1, 
Feb.  i, 
Apr.  16, 
Mar.  I, 
Sept.  16, 
Nov.  1, 
Deo.  1, 
Mar.  11, 
&ag.  1. 
1  cb.  22, 
Mar.  13, 
Jan.  1, 
Aug.  1, 
Oct.  20, 
Nov.  1, 
Aug.  10, 
Apr.  12, 
Nov.   6, 


67  10. 
'71  I  11. 
'72  I  12. 


77  '  18. 


Quartermaster-Sergeants. 

Charles  F.  Flamant 

Thomas  E.  Maley 

Michael  Goodwin 

Gustavus  Urban 

Philip  Dwyer  a 

William  Archer 

Louis  D.  Babcock 

James  B.  Tooker 

Edward  Wunderligh 

John  Young 

Horace  A.  Richardson 

Bernhard  Klein 

Michael  Bryan 

Charles  W.  Bennett 

Albert  E.  Barker 

Michael  Bryan 

John  F.  C.  Rohrs 

Michael  Sliney 


Commissary-Sergeants. 


Dec.  I.  '62 
Nov.  23,  "63 
July  1,  '64 
Aug.  20,  '67 
Oct.  10,  '68 


Apr.  7,    '56 

Oct.  12,  '6l 

June  22,  '64 

Apr.  I,    '69 

Apr.  20,  '70 

Aug.  13,  '77 
Nov.   8,   '78 

Oct.  4,    '80 

Dec.  2,   '80 


James  Burns 

Timothy  Casey  . . 
Charles  H.  Ball.. 
Daniel  Brown  .  .  . 
Frederick  Smith'3 


Dec.  I,   '78. 
July   1,    '81. 


Aug.  8, 

'56. 

Apr.  15, 

V,o 

Jan.  21, 

'6i 

Sept.  16, 

■61 

Sept.  22, 

'62. 

Dec.  I, 

'62 

Mar.  11, 

'63 

Aug.  1, 

'63 

Feb.  12, 

'67. 

Feb.  5, 

'71- 

Dec.  16, 

'7i 

Aug.  1, 

'72. 

Oct.  20, 

'73- 

Sept.  3, 

'74- 

July  23, 

'75- 

Apr.  12, 

•76. 

Nov.  6, 

'77. 

July  28,  '63. 
May  1,  '64. 
Feb.  21,  '67. 
June  6,  '68. 
Apr.   I,  '69. 


Chief  Musicians. 

Joseph  E.  Kreutzer I  Apr.  9,   '6l. 

Pascual  Chinchilla ;  June  22,  '64. 

Gustavus  Peters  u -  •  •  -I  Mar.  31,  "67. 

Frederick  Smith •   Apr.  II,  '70. 

Frederick  W.  Lewis '•   June  30,  '77. 

Patrick  Bradley Oct.  25,  '78. 

John  Good Oct.   3,   |8o. 

Edward  Davenport Nov.  16,  '80. 

James  F.  O.  Smith ' 


"  Commissioned  second  lieutenant  in  the  regiment,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862. 
>3  Grade  abolished— Act  of  Congress,  July  15,  1870. 

>*  Grade  abolished— Act  of  Congress,  August  1,  1866,  on  which  date  Peters  vacated.       Whe 
the  grade  was  afterwards  restored  he  was  again  appointed,  January  2J,  1867. 


APPENDIX. 


593 


Chief  Buglers  and  Trumpeters." 


Sept. 

IT, 

'57 

Aug. 

I, 

'58 

Oct. 

I, 

'59 

Mar. 

25. 

'61 

June 

I, 

'61 

Jan. 

15. 

'62 

Oct. 

2, 

'62 

Dec. 

8, 

'63 

Mar. 

1, 

'72 

Nov. 

1, 

'62 

Feb. 

16, 

•67 

May 

28, 

'7i 

Aug. 

I, 

'72 

Nov. 

I, 

'78 

Feb. 

I, 

'81 

1.  August  Henze 

2.  Jeremiah  C.  Denney,  1st  class  . . 

3.  August  Hausser,16  2d  class 

4.  Christopher  Buerman,  1st  class  . 

5.  Alexander  W.  Simons,17  2d  class 

6.  August  Westphal,  2d  class 

7.  Edward  Kline,  1st  class 

8.  John  Uhlman 

9.  John  Banse 


Saddler-Sergeants. 

1.  Michael  M.  Brown 

2.  Jacob  Feathers 

3.  Alexander  Dever 

4.  Jacob  F.  Rapp 

5.  Leo  Ruschenburg 

6.  Michael  Dougherty 


July  11,  '58. 
May  1,  '6o. 
Mar.  25,  '61. 
Jan.  15,  '62. 
Nov.  1,  '62. 
Oct.  1,  *62. 
Dec.  7,  '63. 
Mar.   1,  '72. 


Feb.  12,  '67. 
May  28,  '71. 
Aug.  1,  '72. 
Oct.  3,  '78. 
Oct.  26,  '80. 


Veterinary  Surgeons  I8  attached  to  the  Regiment,  1 865-1 883. 


Jan. 

7. 

'65 

Apr. 

26, 

'66 

Apr. 

9, 

'67 

Mar. 

15, 

'73 

July 

18, 

'77 

1.  Thomas  S.  Palmer  . 

2.  James  McCullough. 

3.  Francis  Regen 

4.  Charles  M.  Smith  . . 

5.  Solomon  Bock 


Mar.  17,  '66. 

Sept.  6,  '66. 
Aug.  31,  '69. 
Dec.   I,  '76. 


No.    4=. 
COMMANDING  OFFICERS  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY. 


Apr.  20,  '55 
May  28,  '55 
Sept.  16,  '55 
Sept.  21,  '55 
Oct.  11,  '55 
July  28,  '57 


1.  Robert  E.  Lee 

2.  Albert  S.  Johnston 

3.  Earl  Van  Dora .... 

4.  William  J.  Hardee 

5.  Albert  S.  Johnston 

6.  Robert  E.  Lee 


Lieut.-Colonel 

Colonel 

Captain 

Major 

Colonel 

Lieut.-Colonel 


May  28,  '55. 
Sept.  16,  '55. 
Sept.  21, '55. 
Oct.  11,  '55. 
July  28,  '57. 
Oct.  21,  '57. 


16  Title  changed  to  "  Chief  Trumpeter"— Act  of  Congress,  April,  1872. 

18  First  class  from  May  1,  i860. 

17  First  class  from  January  15,  1862. 

19  By  Section  37,  Act  of  Congress,  March  3,  1863,  the  grade  of  veterinary  surgeon  was  created, 
with  assimilated  rank  of  sergeant-major. 


594 


APPENDIX. 


Commanding  Officers—  Continued. 


FROM. 

Oct.  21,  '57 
Nov.  12,  '6o 
Dec.  24,  '6o 

Feb.   13,  '6i 


Apr.    II,  '6i 


NAME. 

George  H.  Thomas. 

Earl  Van  Dorn 

Robert  E.  Lee 


William  W.  Lowe  " 


Aug.  28, 
Sept.  26, 
Nov.  12, 
Jan.  14, 
May  21. 
June  27, 
Aug.  12, 
Sept.  19, 
Nov.  28, 
Dec.  28, 
Mar.  19, 
Mar.  23, 
Apr.  1, 
June  13, 
Aug.  3, 
Oct.  11, 
Oct.  12, 
Jan.  26, 
Feb.  10, 
Mar.  28, 
Apr.  6, 
July  24, 
July  28, 
Aug.  31, 
Sept.  4, 
Dec.  3, 
Jan.  13, 
Feb.  1, 
Mar.  30, 
Apr.  1, 
May  1, 
June  25, 
Sept.  19, 
Mar.    5, 


11.  George  H.  Thomas. 


Innis  N.  Palmer 

James  Oakes 

James  Oakes,  Fourth  Cavalry 

Joseph  H.  Whittlesey 

Charles  J.  Whiting 

Joseph  H.  McArthur 

Chas.  J.  Whiting,  Third  Cav. 

James  E   Harrison 

Wesley  Owens 

James  E.  Harrison 

Julius  W.  Mason 

Wesley  Owens 

James  E.  Harrison 

Julius  W.  Mason 

Thomas  Drummond 

Julius  W.  Mason 

Abraham  K.  Arnold 

Julius  W.  Mason 

Abraham  K.  Arnold 

Joseph  P.  Ash 

Abraham  K.  Arnold 

Thomas  E.  Maley 

Jeremiah  C.  Denney 

James  Hastings 

Gustavus  Urban 

Edward  H.  Leib 

Thomas  Drummond 

Edward  H.  Leib 

Thomas  Drummond 

Gustavus  Urban 

Jeremiah  C.  Denney 

Edward  H.  Leib    

Wesley  Owens 

William  H.  Emory 


Major. 


Lieut. -Colonel  . . .  . 

I  First  Lieutenant  ) 

I     and  Adjutant.  ) 

Major 

Lieut. -Colonel 
Colonel 

Major 


Lieut.-Colonel 
Major. ...... 

Captain 


Major. . 
Captain 


First  Lieutenant. 


Captain 


First  Lieutenant. , 

Captain    , 

Colonel 


Nov.  12,  '60. 
Dec.  24,  '60. 
Feb.  13,  '61. 

Apr.  11,  '61. 


Aug.  28,  '61. 

Sept.  26,  '61. 
Nov.  12,  '61. 
Jan.  14,  '62. 
May  21,  '62. 
June  27,  '62. 
Aug.  12,  '62. 
Sept.  19,  '62. 
Nov.  28,  '62. 
Dec.  28,  '62. 
Mar.  19,  '63. 
Mar.  23,  '63. 
Apr.  1,  '63. 
June  13,  '63. 
Aug.  3,  '63. 
Oct.  11,  '63. 
Oct.  12,  '63. 
Jan.  26,  '64. 
Feb.  10,  '64. 
Mar.  28,  '64. 
Apr.  6,  '64. 
July  24,  '64. 
July  28,  '64. 
Aug.  31,  '64. 
Sept.  4,  "64. 
Dec.  3,  '64. 
Jan.  13,  '65. 
Feb.  1,  '65. 
Mar.  30,  '65. 
Apr.  1,  '65. 
May  1,  '65. 
June  25,  '65. 
Sept.  19,  '65. 
Mar.  5,  '66. 
May  25,  '70. 


l'  In  charge  of  the  band,  non-commissioned  staff,  and  regimen. al  records. 


APPENDIX. 


595 


Commanding  Officers— Continued. 


FROM. 

May  25,  '70 
July  21,  '70 
Oct.  26,  '71 
Nov.  16,  '71 
Nov.  20,  '71 
Nov.  27,  '71 
Jan.  7,  '73 
Mar.  13,  '73 
Mar.  25,  '73 
Apr.   10,  '73 

Apr.    9,  '74 

Apr.  20,  '74 
July  18,  '74 
June  28,  '75 
July  1,  '76 
Aug.  4,  '76 
Oct.  25,  '76 
Aug.    4,  '82 


46.  Thomas  Duncan 

47.  William  H.  Emory 

48.  Thomas  Duncan 

49.  William  H.  Emory 

50.  Thomas  Duncan , 

51.  Eugene  A.  Carr , 

52.  Eugene  A.  Carr,  Fourth  Cav 

53.  William  B.  Royall   

54.  Eugene  A.  Carr,  Fourth  Cav. 

55.  Eugene  A.  Carr 

56.  William  C.  Forbush 20 

57.  Eugene  W.  Crittenden.... 

58.  William  B.  Royall 

59.  Eugene  A.  Carr 

60.  Wesley  Merritt 

61.  Eugene  A.  Carr 

62.  Wesley  Merritt 

63.  Charles  E.  Compton 


Lieut. -Colonel  . . . 

Colonel 

Lieut-Colonel  . . . 

Colonel , 

Lieut. -Colonel  . . 

Major 

Lieut.-Colonel  . . , 

Major , 

Lieut.-Colonel  . . 

{  First  Lieutenant 
(  and  Adjutant. 
Major 


Lieut.-Colonel 

Colonel 

Lieut.-Colonel 

Colonel 

Lieut.-Colonel 


July  2i, 
Oct.  26, 
Nov.  16, 
Nov.  20, 
Nov.  27, 
Jan.  7, 
Mar.  13, 
Mar.  25, 
Apr.  10, 
Apr.  9, 


Apr.  20,  '74 


July  18, 
June  28, 
July  1, 
Aug.  4, 
Oct.  25, 
Aug.  4, 


No.    5. 


COMPANY  OFFICERS  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY, 


CHRONOLOGICALLY  ARRANGED  IN  EACH  GRADE. 

[Numbers  denote  the  order  0/  appointment  or  promotion  to  each  grade  in  the  regiment.] 
[Officers  to  whose  names  a  *  is  affixed  never  joined  in  the  grade  indicated.} 


Captains. 


Mar. 

3. 

'55 

1. 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

2. 

Mar. 

3. 

'55 

3- 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

4. 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

5- 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

6. 

Mar. 

3- 

'55 

7- 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

8. 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

9- 

Mar. 

3, 

'55 

10. 

Earl  Van  Dorn 1  June  28,  '60. 

31,  '61. 
6,    '6i. 


Edmund  K.  Smith 

James  Oakes 

Innis  N.  Palmer 

George  Stoneman,  Jr 

6.   Theodore  O'Hara 

William  R.  Bradfute |  Mar. 

Charles  E.  Travis May 

Albert  G.  Brackett July 

10.  Charles  J.  Whiting July 


Jan. 
Apr. 
Apr. 
May 
Dec. 


25.  '61. 
9,    '61. 

1,  '56. 
21,  '61. 

1,  '56- 
17,  '62. 
17,  '62. 


In  charge  of  the  band,  non-commissioned  staff,  and  regimental  records. 


596 


APPENDIX. 


Captains — Continued. 


May  i,  '56 
Dec.  1,  '56 
June  28,  '60 
Jan.  31,  '6i 
Feb.  27,  '61 
Mar.  21,  '61 
Apr.  6,  '61 
Apr.  25,  '61 
May  g,  '61 
May  30,  '61 
Jan.  15,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
Dec.  6,  '62 
Apr.  13,  '63 
Sept.  25,  '63 
Nov.  2,  '63 
Dec.  7,  '63 
Mar.  30,  '64 
May  8,  '64 
Apr.  i,  '65 
July  28,  '66 
July  28,  '66 
July  28,  '66 
July  31,  '66 
Aug.  11,  '67 
Nov.  4,  '67 
Dec.  22,  '68 
June  12,  '69 
June  22,  '69 
Jan.  3,  '70 
Aug.  31,  '70 
Dec.   15,  '70 


Nathan  G.  Evans 

Richard  W.  Johnson 

Joseph  H.  McArthur  . . . 

Charles  W.  Field 

Kenner  Garrard 

William  B.  Royall 

William  P.  Chambliss  . . 

Robert  N.  Eagle 

William  W.  Lowe  S1 . . . . 

James  E.  Harrison 

Wesley  Owens 

Abraham  K.  Arnold. . . . 

William  McLean 

Louis  D.  Watkins  *  . . . . 

Junius  B.  Holloway 

Thomas  Drummond. . . . 

Julius  W.  Mason 

Edward  H.  Leib 

Joseph  P.  Ash 

Leicester  Walker 

JohnB.  Mcintosh*..., 

Samuel  S.  Sumner 

George  A.  Custer  * 

William  H.  Brown 

Thomas  E.  Maley  .    . . . 

Gustavus  Urban 

Jeremiah  C.  Denney. . , . 

Philip  Dwyer 

James  Hastings  M 

Robert  Sweatman 

John  H.  Kane 

Robert  P.  Wilson    

Alfred  B.  Taylor 

Robert  H.  Montgomery 
Alexander  S.  Clarke 23  . . 
Emil  Adam  24 


Feb. 27, 
July  17. 
Sept.  25, 
May  30, 
Nov.  2, 
Dec.  7, 
Mar.  30, 
Jan.  15, 
July  Si, 
Nov.  4, 
Aug.  11, 
June  22, 
Apr.  13, 
July  28, 
Dec.  6, 
Apr.  I, 
July  I, 
May  9, 
May  8, 
Dec.  30, 
July  28, 
Apr.  2, 
July  28, 
June  4, 
Dec.  15, 
Jan.  11, 
June  12, 
Aug.  29, 
Dec.  22, 
Jan.  3, 
Aug.  31, 
July  29, 
May  1, 


Mar.   1,  '72. 


,l  First  Lieutenant  George  B.  Cosby  was  announced  in  General  Orders  24,  A.G.O.,  series  1861, 
"  to  be  captain  May  9,  1861,  vice  Stoneman,  promoted  into  the  First  Cavalry,"  but  upon  tender- 
ing his  resignation  as  a  first  lieutenant,  to  take  effect  May  10,  1861,  he  was  not  confirmed  by  the 
Senate.  His  name  is  therefore  omitted  from  the  list  of  captains.  First  Lieutenant  William  W. 
Lowe  succeeded  to  the  vacancy. 

M  Declined  appointment  of  captain  in  the  Tenth  Cavalry  July  28,  1866. 

**  Transferred  from  the  unassigned  list,  with  original  rank  as  a  captain  in  the  Forty-fourth  In- 
fantry, to  date  from  July  28,  1866. 

»«  Transferred  from  the  unassigned  list,  with  original  rank  as  a  captain  in  the  Thirty-ninth 
Infantry,  to  date  from  May  31,  1867. 


APPENDIX. 


597 


Captains—  Continued. 


Dec.  30,  '70 
Jan.  11,  '71 
Mar.  1,  '72 
Aug.  29,  '72 
Aug.  15,  '74 
June  4,  '75 
July  i,  '76 
July  29,  '76 
May  9,  '77 
Aug.  23,  '78 
Apr.  2,  '79 
May  1,  '79 
May  1,  '79 
June  14,  '79 


Mar.   3,    '55 


Mar.  3, 
Mar.  3, 
Mar.  3, 
Mar.  3, 
Mar.  3, 
Mar.  3, 
Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  3,  '55 
June  30,  '55 
May  1,  '56 
May  1,  '56 
Dec.  1,  '56 
Aug.  18,  '58 
June  28,  '60 
Aug.  31,  '61 
Feb.  22,  '61 
Feb.  27,  '61 
Mar.  20,  '61 
Mar.  21,  '61 
Mar.  31,  '61 
Apr.  1,  '61 
Apr.  6,  '61 
Apr.  16,  '61 
Apr.  25,  '6i 
Apr.  30,  '61 


John  M.  Hamilton". 
Sanford  C.  Kellogg  . . 

James  Burns 

George  F.  Price 

Edward  M.  Hayes  . . . 

J.  Scott  Payne 

Albert  E.  Woodson  . . 
Calbraith  P.  Rodgers. 

John  B.  Babcock 

Edward  W.  Ward  *  . . 
William  J.  Volkmar  . 
William  C.  Forbush. . 
Charles  King  *  . .' . . . . 
Jacob  A.  Augur , 


First  Lieutenants. 


Nathan  G.  Evans 
Richard  W.  Johnson  . , 
Joseph  H.  McArthur  . 

Charles  W.  Field , 

Kenner  Garrard , 

Walter  H.  Jenifer 

William  B.  Royall  . . . 
Alexander  H.  Cross  . . 
William  P.  Chambliss  . 

Robert  N.  Eagle 

Charles  Radziminski  . 

John  T.  Shaaff 

George  B.  Cosby , 

William  W.  Lowe 

John  B.  Hood 

James  B.  Witherell  . . . 
Joseph  F.  M inter  *. . . 
Charles  W.  Phifer*.., 
James  E.  Harrison.. ., 

A.  Parker  Porter 

Wesley  Owens 

Fitzhugh  Lee  * 

Manning  M.  Kimmel. 
Abraham  K.  Arnold. . 

John  J.  Sweet 

William  O.  Williams  . 
Charles  H.  Tompkins 


Aug.  15,  '74. 


Aug.  23, 
May   1, 


June  14,  '79. 


May  1, 
Dec.   1, 

June  28, 
Jan.  31, 
Feb.  27, 
Apr.  30, 
Mar.  21, 
May  1, 
Apr.  6, 
Apr.  25, 
Aug  18, 
Feb.  22, 
May  10, 
May  9, 
Apr.  16, 
Mar.  20, 
Mar.  31, 
Apr.  1, 
May  30, 
Jan.  15, 
Jan.  15, 
May  21, 
Aug.  14, 
July  17, 
June  27, 
June  10, 
July  17, 


»*  Transferred  from  the  unassigned  list,  with  original  rank  as  a  captain  in  the  Thirty-ninth 
Infantry,  to  date  from  June  6,  1867. 


598 


APPENDIX. 


First  Lieutenants — Continued. 


May   9, 

'61 

28. 

May  14, 

'61 

29. 

June  22, 

'61 

30. 

May  21, 

•61 

31. 

May  30, 

'61 

32. 

June    1, 

'61 

33- 

June  10, 

'61 

34- 

Jan.   15, 

'62 

35- 

Jan.   15, 

'62 

36. 

June  27, 

'62 

37- 

July  17, 

'62 

33. 

July  17, 

'62 

39- 

July  17, 

'62 

40. 

July  17, 

'62 

*x. 

July  17, 

'62 

42. 

July  17, 

'62 

43- 

July  17, 

'62 

44. 

July  17, 

'62 

45- 

July  17, 

•62 

46. 

July  17, 

'62 

47- 

Oct.    10, 

'62 

48. 

Apr.  13, 

'63 

49- 

Sept.  25, 

'63 

50. 

Sept.  25, 

'63 

51. 

Nov.    2, 

'63 

52. 

Nov.  ig, 

'63 

53- 

Dec.    7, 

'63 

54- 

Mar.  30, 

'64 

55- 

May    8, 

'64 

56. 

June  12, 

•64 

57- 

June  12, 

•64 

58. 

Sept.  12, 

■64 

59- 

Sept.  19, 

'64 

60. 

Sept.  29, 

•64 

61. 

Apr.  25, 

'65 

62. 

Aug.    3, 

'65 

63. 

Jan.    12, 

'66 

64. 

Feb.   17, 

'66 

65. 

July  28, 

'66 

66. 

July  28, 

'66 

67. 

William  McLean 

Sullivan  W.  Burbank  *26. , 

Louis  D.  Watkins 27 

Junius  B.  Holloway 

Thomas  Drummond , 

Julius  W.  Mason. 

Edward  H.  Leib 

Joseph  P.  Ash 

Leicester  Walker , 

John  B.  Mcintosh 

Samuel  S.  Sumner , 

George  A.  Custer 

Richard  Byrnes 

William  H.  Brown 

Harrison  Fosdick 

Frank  W.  Dickerson . 

Thomas  E.  Maley 

Gustavus  Urban 

Jeremiah  C.  Denney 

Philip  Dwyer , 

Henry  Jones 

Henry  Baker 

James  Hastings , 

Robert  Sweatman 

James  T.  Baden 

John  H.  Kane 

Edward  Murphy 

Joseph  P.  Henley 

Robert  P.  Wilson   

Kenelm  Robbins 

Richard  Fitzgerald 

Alfred  B.  Taylor 

John  Trevor 

Edward  Harris 

Robert  H.  Montgomery  . 
William  H.  Churchill  . . . 
Augustus  H.  D.  Williams 

James  P.  Ruggles  M 

James  C  Cooley 

James  Burns 


July  17, 
June  22, 
July  17, 
July  17, 
July  17, 
Dec.  6, 
Apr.  13, 
Sept.  25, 
Nov.  2, 
Dec.  7, 
Mar.  30, 
May  8, 
June  12, 
Apr.  I, 
Oct.  10, 
Feb.  17, 
July  28, 
July  28, 
July  28, 
July  31. 
Nov.  19, 
Jan.  12, 
Aug.  11, 
Nov.  4, 
Sept.  12, 
Dec.  22, 
Apr.  25, 
June  12, 
June  12, 
Jan.  22, 
Sept.  19, 
June  22, 
Sept.  29, 
Oct.  31, 
Jan.  3, 
Aug.  20, 
July  20, 
June  9, 
Mar.  1, 
Mar.  1, 


28  Transferred  to  Fourteenth  Infantry  June  22,  1861,  with  original  rank,  to  date  from  May  14, 
1. 
27  Transferred  from  Fourteenth  Infantry  June  22,  1861,  with  original  rank,  to  date  from  May 


n  Out  of  service  from  August  15.  1867,  to  December  31,  1867. 


APPENDIX. 


599 


First  Lieutenants — Continued. 


July  28,  '66 
July  31,  '66 
Aug.  20,  '66 
Oct.  31,  '66 
Mar.  i,  '67 
May  23,  '67 
Aug.  11,  '67 
Aug.  15,  '67 
Feb.  14,  '68 
June  9,  '68 
July  20,  '68 
Sept.  12,  '68 
Dec.  22,  '68 
Apr.  15,  '69 
Apr.  25,  '69 
June  22,  '69 
Jan.  3,  '70 
Mar.  I,  '70 
Mar.  19,  '70 
Mar.  19,  '70 
Dec.  15,  '70 
Dec.  15,  '70 
Jan.  1,  '71 
Jan.  11,  '71 
Mar.  1,  '72 
Aug.  29,  '72 
May  27,  '73 
June  4,  '75 
July  1,  '76 
July  29,  '76 
Nov.  12,  '76 
May  9,  '77 
Aug.  23,  '78 
Apr.    2,    '79 


69. 
70. 
7i- 
72. 

73- 
74- 

75- 
76. 
77- 
78. 

79 
80. 


William  Binning. 

George  F.  Price 

Edward  M.  Hayes 

Robert  F.  Stockton29... 
Edward  P.  Doherty 

J.  Scott  Payne 30 

Charles  B.  Brady 

Calbraith  P.  Rodgers... 

John  B.  Babcock 

Amos  Webster*'-" 

Alfred  B.  Bache 

Jules  C.  A.  Schenofsky 

Peter  V.  Haskin 

Jacob  Almy 

Edward  W.  Ward 

George  F.  Mason 

Frank  C.  Morehead  . . . 

Bernard  Reilly,  Jr 

William  J.  Volkmar.  .  . 

William  C.  Forbush. . . 

Sanford  C.  Kellogg  32. . 

Albert  E.  Woodson33.. 

Charles  King 34 

Jacob  A.  Augur 

Earl  D.  Thomas 

Charles  H.  Rockwell.. 

Adolphus  W.  Greely*. 

Phineas  P.  Barnard  . . . 

William  P.  Hall 

Walter  S.  Schuyler 

Frank  Michler 

George  B.  Davis 

Charles  D.  Parkhurst., 

Charles  H.  Watts  .... 


Jan.    1, 

'68. 

Aug.  29, 

'72. 

Aug.  15, 

'74- 

Feb.  14, 

'68. 

Dec.  27, 

•70. 

June  4, 

'75- 

Nov.  30, 

'70. 

July  29, 

•76. 

May   9, 

'77- 

Apr.  15, 

•69. 

Nov.  12, 

'76. 

Oct.    I, 

'70. 

Mar.  19, 

'70. 

May  27, 

'73- 

Aug.  23 

'78. 

Mar.   1, 

'70. 

Oct.    I, 

'70. 

June  4, 

•78. 

Apr.   2, 

'79- 

May   I, 

'79- 

Jan.  11 

■71. 

July    1, 

•76. 

May   1, 

'79- 

June  14 

'79 

29  Out  of  service  from  May  23,  1867,  to  November  21,  1867. 

ao  Out  of  service  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry  from  September  12.  1868.  to  June  23,  1874. 

11  Second  Lieutenant  (  ummings  (No.  77)  was  nominated  to  be  a  first  lieutenant,  vice 
Ruggles  (No.  65),  to  date  from  June  g,  1868,  but  was  not  confirmed  by  the  Senate.  His  name 
is  therefore  omitted  from  the  list  of  first  lieutenants.  Second  Lieutenant  Webster  succeeded  to  the 
vacancy. 

"  Transferred  from  the  unassigncd  list,  with  original  rank  as  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Eight- 
eenth Infantry,  to  date  from  May  15,  1866. 

"Transferred  from  the  unassigned  list,  with  original  rank  as  a  first  lieutenant  in  the  Thirty- 
sixth  Infantry,  to  date  from  August  5,  1867. 

"  Transferred  from  the  First  Artillery,  with  original  rank  as  a  first  lieutenant  in  that  regiment, 
to  date  from  May  15,  1870. 


600 


APPENDIX. 


from.  First  Lieutenants — Continued. 

May    i,    '79;  102.  Robert  London 

May    1,    '79  I  103.  George  O.  Eaton 

June  14,  '79  i  104.  Hoel  S.  Bishop 


Second  Lieutenants. 


Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
Mar.  3 
June  18,  '55 
July  1,  '55 
Aug.  2i,  '55 
June  27, 
July  i, 
July  i, 
Dec.  i, 
Jan.  1, 
Aug.  18, 
Oct.  I, 
June  28, 
Jan.  31, 
Mar.  23, 
Mar.  23, 
Mar.  27, 
Mar.  27, 
Apr.  26, 
Ap 

Apr.  26; 
Apr.  26,  '6 
Apr.  26, 
Apr.  26, 
Apr.  30, 
May   6, 


'56 
'56 
•58 
'58 
'58 
'60 
'61 
'6 1 
'61 
'6i 
'61 
'61 
26,  '61 


■6 1 


John  T.  Shaaff  

George  B.  Cosby 

George  B.  Anderson  *  . . 
Nelson  B.  Sweitzer  *. . . 

William  W.  Lowe 

Edwin  R.  Merrifield  *. . 

George  Hartwell  * 

Joseph  F.  Minter 

Charles  W.  Phifer 

Robert  C.  Wood,  Jr 

John  B.  Hood 

James  B.  Witherell 

John  Williams  *  35 

Cornelius  Van  Camp  . . . 

Junius  B.  Wheeler 

James  E.  Harrison 

A.  Parker  Porter 

Wesley  Owens 

James  P.  Major 

Fitzhugh  Lee 

Manning  M.  Kimmel  . . 
George  A.  Cunningham. 
Abraham  K.  Arnold. .  .  . 

John  J.  Sweet 

William  O.  Williams  .. . 
Charles  H.  Tompkins  .  . 

William  McLean 

Sullivan  W.  Burbank  *  . 
Junius  B.  Holloway.  . . . 
Thomas  Drummond.  .  .  . 

Julius  W.  Mason 

Edward  W.  Hinks  *  .  . . 

E.  B.  Shields  * 

Edward  H.  Leib 

Joseph  P.  Ash 

Charles  E.  Hazlett 36 . . . 


May   1, 
May  1, 
Declined 
Declined 
Dec.    1,  ; 
Declined 
Aug.  21, 
Jan.  31, 
Feb.  22, 
Jan.    1, 
Aug.  18, 
June  28, 
June  30, 
Oct.    1, 
June  27, 
Feb.  27, 
Mar.  20, 
Mar.  2i, 
Mar.  21, 
Mar.  31, 
Apr.    1, 
Feb.  27, 
Apr.    6, 
Apr.  16, 
Apr.  25, 
Apr.  30, 
May  9, 
May  14, 
May  21, 
May  30, 
June    I, 
June   4, 
Declined 
June  10, 
Jan.  15,  ; 
June  18, 


36  Transferred  from  the  First  Dragoons,  with  1 
»•  Transferred  to  the  Fifth  Artillery  June  18,  1 
May  14,  1861. 


inal  rank,  to  date  from  June  18,  1855. 

,  as  a  first  lieutenant,  with  rank  to  date  from 


APPENDIX. 


601 


Second  Lieutenants—  Continued. 


May  7,  '61 
May  8,  '6i 
June  8,  '6i 
June  8,  '6i 
June  io,  '6 1 
June  ii,  '6i 
June  24,  '61 
June  24,  '61 
Aug.  5,  '61 
Aug.  7,  '6 1 
Sept.  21,  '61 
Oct.  23,  '61 
Oct.  26,  '61 
Feb.  19,  '62 
Mar.  24,  '62 
Apr.   14,  '62 

July  17,  '62 
July  17,  '62 

July  17,  '62 

July  17,  '62 
July  17,  62 
July  17,  '62 
July  '.7,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
Ncv.  29,  '62 
Feb.  19,  '63 
F;b.  19,  '63 
Feb.  19,  '63 
Feb.  19,  '63 
Feb.  19,  '63 
Feb.   19,  '63 


37.  Thomas  M.  Anderson37. 

38.  Leicester  Walker 

39.  John  B.  Mcintosh 

40.  Louis  C.  Bailey  3" 

41.  Henry  M.  Hyde* 

42.  Samuel  S.  Sumner 

43.  John  R.  Edie,  Jr 

44.  George  A.  Custer 

45.  Reuben  C.  Winslow. . .  . 

46.  Osgood  Welsh*38 

47.  Richard  Byrnes  39 

48.  William  H.  Brown  40  . .  . 

49.  Harrison  Fosdick 

50.  Frank  W.  Dickerson  . . . 

51.  Charles  S.  Brooks 

52.  Thomas  E.  Maley 

53.  Gustavus  Urban 


54.  Jeremiah  C.  Denney. 


55.  Philip  Dvvyer 

56.  Henry  Jones , 

57.  Henry  Baker 

58.  James  Hastings 

59.  Robert  Sweatman 

60.  James  T.  Baden 

61.  Robert   H.  Montgomery41 
62.-  Temple  Buford 

63.  Conrad  Murat 

64.  Myles  Moylan 

65.  John  H.  Kane 

66.  Edward  Murphy 

67.  William  Brophy 


Aug.  23,  '61. 
Jan.  15,  '62. 
June  27,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 
Dec.  14,  *6i. 
July  17,  '62. 
Oct.  23,  '61. 
July  17,  '62. 
Sept.  21,  '61. 
Declined. 
July  17,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 
July  7,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 
j  1st  Lieut. 
\  same  date, 
j  1st  Lieut. 
(  same  date. 
j  1st  Lieut. 
(  same  date. 
Oct.  10,  '62. 
Apr.  13,  '63. 
Sept.  25,  '63. 
Sept.  25,  '63. 
Nov.  2,  '63. 
Apr.  25,  '65. 
Jan.  11,  '64. 
Aug.  27,  '63. 
Oct.  20,  '63. 
Nov.  19,  '63. 
Dec.  7,  '63. 
Sept.  12,  "63. 


51  Transferred  to  the  Twelfth  Infantry  August  23,  1861,  as  a  captain,  with  rank  to  date  from 
May  14,  1861.     Served  with  the  Fifth  Cavalry  to  September  30,  1861. 

58  Lieutenant  Bailey  held  until  August  7,  1861,  when  his  appointment  expired  by  constitu- 
tional limitation.  Lieutenant  Welsh  was  then  appointed,  vice  Lieutenant  Bailey,  to  date  from 
August  7,  1861,  but  declined  the  appointment,  whereupon  Lieutenant  Bailey  was  again  ap- 
pointed, with  his  original  rank,  June  8,  1861,  and  held  until  July  17,  1862,  when  he  was  finally 
dropped,  the  Senate  having  failed  to  confirm  the  appointment. 

39  Transferred  from  the  Seventeenth  Infantry,  in  which  regiment  he  had  rank  from  May 
14,  1861. 

40  Second  lieutenant,  Eleventh  Infantry,  May  14,  1861  ;  first  lieutenant  September  9,  1861. 
Resigned  October  23,  1861. 

41  Out  of  service  from  November  19,  1863,  to  February  16,  1865. 


602 


APPENDIX. 


Feb.  19,  '63 
Feb.  25,  '63 
Apr.  22,  '63 
June  1,  '63 
June  n,  '63 
Oct.  31,  '63 
Oct.  31,  '63 
May  18,  '64 
June  7,  '64 
June  7,  '64 
Mar.  12,  '65 
May  3,  '65 
May  3,  '65 
Aug.  9,  '65 
Oct.  9,  '65 
Feb.  23,  '66 
Feb.  23, 
Feb.  23, 
Feb.  23, 
Feb.  23, 
Apr.  19, 
May  4, 
May  4, 
June  18, 
Nov.  16, 
Nov.  19, 
Jan.  22, 
Feb.     5, 


Mar.  7 
Mar.  7 
Mar. 


Mar.  30,  '67 
June  13,  '67 


June 
June 


July  22,  '67 
Aug.  9,  '67 
Aug.  17,  '67 


'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'66 
'67 
'67 
•67 
,  '67 
,   '67 


7,  '67 
,'67 


90. 

91. 

92. 

93- 

94. 

95- 

96. 

97- 

98. 

99. 
100. 
101. 
102. 
103. 
r.04. 
105. 


Second  Lieutenants— Continued. 

John  Stoddard 

Joseph  H.  Wood42 

Joseph  P.  Henley 

Robert  P.  Wilson 

Kenelm  Robbins 

Richard  Fitzgerald 

Alfred  B.  Taylor 

John  Trevor , 

Edward  Harris 

William  H.  Churchill 

Augustus  H.  D.  Williams 

James  P.  Ruggles , 

James  C.  Cooley 

James  Burns , 

William  Binning 

George  F.  Price 

Henry  Jayne  * 

Edward  M.  Hayes 

Michael  V.  Sheridan 

Robert  F.  Stockton 

Edward  P.  Doherty 

James  W.  Walsh 

Henry  P.  Wade 

J.  Scott  Payne 

Charles  B.  Brady 

Calbraith  P.  Rodgers 

John  B.  Babcock 

John  P.  Cummings  43 

Amos  Webster  * 

Daniel  Hitchcock 

Alfred  B.  Bache 

Jules  C.  A.  Schenofsky  " 

Peter  V.  Haskin 

Jacob  Almy 

E.  Willard  Warren  * 

Edward  W.  Ward 

William  L.  Porter 

J.  Edwin  Leas 


May  25,  ' 
June  1,  ' 
Mar.  30, ' 
May  8,  ' 
June  12,  ' 
June  12,  ' 
Sept.  12, 
Sept.  19, 
Sept.  29, 
Aug.  3,  ' 
Jan.  12,  ' 
Feb.  17, 
July  28,  ' 
July  28,  ' 
July  28,  ; 
July  31,  ' 
Declined 
Aug.  20, 
July  28,  ' 
Oct.  31, 
Mar.  I, 
July  28,  ' 
Mar.  7, 
May  23, 
Aujj.  II, 
Aug.  15, 
Feb.  ti, 
Aug.  I&, 
June  9, 
July  10, 
July  20, 
Sept.  12, 
Dec.  22, 
Apr.  15, 
Declined 
Apr.  25, 
Apr.  23, 
Aug.  13, 


4*  Transferred  to  the  Sixth  Cavalry,  with  original  rank,  having  been  assigned  through  error 
to  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 

43  Succeeded  in  regular  order  to  first  lieutenant,  vice  Ruggles,  to  date  from  June  9,  1868  ;  but 
the  appointment  was  withheld,  and  he  was  "  out  of  service,"  August  18,  1868,  as  a  second 
lieutenant. 

44  Transferred  from  the  Seventh  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  March  30,  1867,  in  which  regi- 
ment he  had  rank  from  May  n,  1866. 


APPENDIX. 


603 


FROM 

Aug.  19, 

'67 

106. 

Sept.  4, 

'67 

107. 

May    4, 

'68 

108. 

June  15, 

'68 

109. 

June  15, 

'68 

no. 

Aug.    4, 

'68 

in. 

June  15, 

•<><> 

112. 

June  15, 

•69 

"3- 

June  15, 

'69 

114. 

June  15, 

'69 

115. 

July  14, 

'69 

116. 

July  14, 

'69 

117. 

July  14, 

•69 

118. 

June  15, 

'70 

119. 

June  15, 

'70 

120. 

June  15, 

'70 

121. 

June  15, 

'70 

122. 

June  12, 

'7i 

123. 

June  12, 

'7i 

124. 

June  14, 

'72 

125. 

June  14, 

'72 

126. 

July  27, 

'72 

127. 

Dec.  12, 

'72 

128 

Dec.  12, 

'72 

129 

June  13, 

'73 

130. 

June  13, 

'73 

131 

June  13, 

'73 

132 

June  16, 

'75 

133 

Oct.    15, 

'75 

134 

July  28, 

'76 

135 

July  28, 

•76 

136 

Second  Lieutenants — Continued. 

George  F.  Mason 

Frank  C.  Morehead  " 

Bernard  Reilly,  Jr 

William  J.  Volkmar 

William  C.  Forbush 

Robert  A.  Edwards  " 

Jacob  A.  Augur 

Earl  D.  Thomas 

Charles  H.  Rockwell 

William  F.  Smith  * 

Adolphus  W.  Greely  ir 

Phineas  P.  Barnard  w 

William  P.  Hall 49 

Edward  G.  Stevens 

Walter  S.  Schuyler 

Edward  C.  Edgerton 

Frank  Michler 

Reid  T.  Stewart 

George  B.  Davis 

Charles  D.  Parkhurst 

Charles  H.  Watts 

Edward  L.  Keyes 

William  Dulany  * 

Edwin  P.  Eckerson 

Robert  London 

George  O.  Eaton  60 

Hoel  S.  Bishop 

Edwin  P.  Andrus  51 

Homer  W.  Wheeler 

Samuel  A.  Cherry  52 

Eben  Swift,  Jr.53 


June  22,  '69. 
Jan.  3,  '70. 
Mar.  1,  '70. 
Mar.  19,  '70. 
Mar.  19,  '70. 
Oct.  31,  '70. 
Jan.  11,  '71. 
Mar.  1,  '72. 
Aug.  29,  '72. 
Declined. 
May  27,  '73. 
June  4,  '75. 
July  1,  '76. 
Dec.  1,  '71. 
July  29,  '76. 
Dec.  31,  '72. 
Nov.  12,  '76. 
Aug.  27,  '72. 
May  9,  '77- 
Aug.  23,  "78. 
Apr.  2,  '79. 
Apr.  28,  '77. 
June  3,  '73- 
July  15,  '75- 
May  1,  '79- 
May  1,  '79- 
June  14,  '79- 


May  11,  '8i. 


45  Appointment  expired  by  constitutional  limitation  August  1,  1868,  and  dropped  August  9, 
1868.  Out  of  service  until  March  n,  1869,  when  he  was  reappointed,  to  date  from  September 
4,  1867. 

46  Transferred  from  the  Thirteenth  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  August  4,  1868,  in  which 
regiment  he  had  rank  from  January  22,  1867. 

47  Transferred  from  the  Thirty-sixth  Infantry  July  14,  1869,  in  which  regiment  he  had  rank 
from  March  7,  1S67. 

49  Transferred  from  the  Fourth  Infantry  July  14,  1869,  in  which  regiment  he  had  rank  from 
March  7,  1867. 

49  Transferred  from  the  Nineteenth  Infantry  July  14,  1869,  in  which  regiment  he  had  rank 
from  June  15,  1868. 

60  Declined  appointment,  by  transfer,  of  second  lieutenant,  Seventh  Cavalry,  June  26,  1876. 

"  Declined  appointment,  by  transfer,  of  second  lieutenant,  Seventh  Cavalry,  June  26,  1876. 

53  Transferred  from  the  Twenty-third  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  July  28,  1876,  in  which 
regiment  he  had  rank  from  June  16,  1875. 

68  Transferred  from  the  Fourteenth  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  July  28,  1876,  in  which  regi- 
ment he  had  rank  from  June  15,  1876, 


604 


APPENDIX. 


Aug.  18, 

'76 

137. 

June  15, 

'77 

138. 

June  15, 

'77 

139- 

June  15, 

'77 

140. 

June  14, 

'78 

141. 

June    3, 

'79 

142. 

June  13, 

'7') 

143- 

June  13, 

'79 

144. 

June  13, 

'79 

145- 

Sept.  4, 

'79 

146. 

Sept.  4, 

'79 

147. 

June  11, 

'81 

148. 

Second  Lieutenants — Continued. 

Horatio  G.  Sickel,  Jr.  *  " 

Fred  W.  Foster 

Henry  J.  Goldman 

James  V.  S.  Paddock 

John  T.  Barnett 

Augustus  C.  Macomb  " 

James  E.  Runcie  * 

Luther  S.  Welborn 

Lorenzo  L.  C.  Brooks 

Henry  De  H.  Waite  66 

William  E.  Almy  " 

Lester  W.  Cornish  


Sept.  20,  '76. 


Aug.  11,  '79. 


July   i, 

'55 

July    1, 

'55 

July    1, 

'56 

July    I, 

'56 

July    1, 

'57 

July   1, 

'57 

July    1, 

'59 

July   1, 

'60 

July  1, 

'60 

June  15 

'77 

June  15 

'77 

June  11 

'81 

Brevet  Second  Lieutenants. 

1.  Junius  B.  Wheeler  * 

2.  Albert  V.  Colburn 

3.  Lunsford  L.  Lomax  * 

4.  Fitzhugh  Lee  * 

5.  Manning  M.  Kimmel  * 

6.  John  T.  Magruder* 

7.  Abraham  K.  Arnold 

8.  WadeH.  Gibbes  * 

9.  John  J.  Sweet  * 


Additional  Second  Lieutenants. 


10.  George  W.  Baxter  *  68 . . 

11.  William  H.  Baldwin*68 

12.  Britton  Davis*  68 


Aug.  21, '55- 
Oct.  i,  '55- 
Sept.  30,  '56. 
Jan.  1,  '58. 
Apr.  24,  '58. 
Apr.  24,  '58. 
June  28,  '60. 
Jan.  I,  '61. 
Jan.  31,  '61. 


Sept.  16,  '77. 
Sept.  30,  '77- 
July    1,  '81. 


64  Transferred  from  the  Fourteenth  Infantry,  and  afterwards  transferred  to  the  Seventh 
Cavalry. 

"  Transferred  from  the  Fourth  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  June  3,  1879,  in  which  regiment 
he  had  rank  from  January  23,  1878. 

™  Transferred  from  the  Third  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  September  4,  1879.  "»  which  reg>- 
ment  he  had  rank  from  June  13,  1879. 

67  Transferred  from  the  Third  Infantry,  at  his  own  request,  September  4,  1879,  in  which  regi- 
ment he  had  rank  from  June  t3,  1879. 

68  Not  assigned  to  companies  in  the  regiment. 


APPENDIX. 


605 


No.    6. 
COMPANY  OFFICERS  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY, 

CHRONOLOGICALLY  ARRANGED  BY  COMPANIES. 

[Numbers  denote  the  order  of  appointment  or  promotion  to  each  grade  in  the  regiment.} 
{Officers  to  whose  names  a  *  is  affixed  never  joined  the  company  in  the  grade  indicated.} 


COMPANY  A. 
Captains. 


Mar.  3,  '55 
June  28,  '60 
Sept.  25,  '63 
May  8,  '64 
July  28,  '66 
June  12,  '69 
July  29,  '76 
Aug.  23,  '78 
May  1,  '79 
June  14,  '79 

Mar.  3,  '55 
May  i,  '56 
May  9,  '61 
May  14,  '61 
June  1,  '61 
Oct.  23,  '61 
June  27,  '62 
Dec.  7,  '63 
Apr.  25,  '65 
Aug.  3.  '65 
July  31,  '66 
Dec.  15,  '70 
Jan.  11,  '71 
June  14,  '79 


Mar.  3,  '55 

July  I,    '56 

Apr.  26,  '6i 

June  8,   '61 


1.  Earl  Van  Dorn 

13.  Joseph  H.  McArthur  . 

29.  Joseph  P.  Ash 

33.  George  A.  Custer*. . . 
37.  Jeremiah  C.  Denney  . 

42.   Robert  P.  Wilson 

54.  Calbraith  P.  Rodgers. 
56.  Edward  W.  Ward  *  . . 

59.  Charles  King  * 

60.  Jacob  A.  Augur 


First  Lieutenants. 


Alexander  H.  Cross. . . . 

George  B.  Cosby 

William  McLean  * 

Sullivan  W.  Burbank  *  . 

Julius  W.  Mason 

John  J.  Sweet 

JohnB.  Mcintosh 

Edward  Murphy  * 

Robert  H.  Montgomery 
63.  William  H.  Churchill  . . 

69.  George  F.  Price 

88.  SanfordC.  Kellogg*... 

91.  Jacob  A.  Augur 

104.  Hoel  S.  Bishop 


Second  Lieutenants. 

2.  George  B.  Cosby 

17.  A.  Parker  Porter 

29.  Junius  B.  Holloway  * 

40.  Louis  C.  Bailey 


June 
Sept. 
May 
July 
June 
July 
Aug. 
May 
June 


28,  '6o. 
25/63. 
8,  '64. 

28,  '66. 
12,  '69. 

29,  '76. 
23,  '78. 

1.  '79- 
14.  '79- 


May 
May 
June 
June 
Oct. 
June 
Dec. 
Apr. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
June 


I,  '56. 

10,  '61. 

19,  '61. 

22,  '61. 

23,  '61. 
27,  '62. 

7,  '63. 
25.  '°5- 
3,  '65- 

20,  '66. 
16,  '70. 

11,  '7i- 
14-  '79- 


May  1,  '56. 
Mar.  20,  '61. 
May  21,  '61. 
July  17,  '62. 


606 


APPENDIX. 


Second  Lieutenants— Continued. 


Aug.    7- 

'61 

46. 

July  17, 

'62 

57 

Apr.  22, 

'63 

70 

Sept.   4, 

'63 

7i 

Oct.    9, 

'65 

82 

Aug.   19, 

'67 

106 

June  15, 

'70 

119 

Oct.    21, 

'70 

116 

June  13, 

'73 

131 

June  13, 

'79 

145 

46.  Osgood  Welsh  * , 

Henry  Baker 

Joseph  P.  Henley.. .. 

Robert  P.  Wilson 

William  Binning 

George  F.  Mason. . . . 
Edward  G.  Stevens  *  . 
Adolphus  W.  Greely  . 

George  O.  Eaton 

Lorenzo  L.  C.  Brooks 


Declined. 
Apr.  13,  '63. 
Sept.  4,  '63. 
May  8,  '64. 
July  28,  '66. 
June  22,  '69. 
Oct.  21,  '70. 
May  27,  '73. 
May   1,  '79. 


July    1,    '56  I 


Brevet  Second  Lieutenant. 
3.  Lunsford  L.  Lomax  * 


I  Sept.  30,  '56. 


Mar.   3, 

'55 

Jan.   31, 

'6 1 

May  30, 

'61 

Nov.   4, 

'67 

Jan.    3, 

'70 

Mar.   3, 

'55 

Jan.   13, 

'58 

Aug.    2, 

'59 

Apr.  30, 

'61 

July   17, 

'62 

June  12, 

'64 

Sept.  19, 

'64 

Sept.  29, 

'64 

Oct.   31, 

'66 

May  23, 

'67 

Sept.  12, 

'68 

Nov.    1, 

'70 

Apr.    2, 

'79 

May  25, 

•8o 

Mar.   3, 

'55 

Jan.    1, 

'58 

Jan.  31,  '61  • 
May  30,  '61. 
Nov.  4,  '67. 
Jan.  3,    '70. 


COMPANY  B. 
Captains. 

2.  Edmund  K.  Smith 

14.  Charles  W.  Field 

20.  James  E.  Harrison 

40.  Robert  Sweatman 

44.  Robert  H.  Montgomery 

First   Lieutenants. 

6.  Walter  H.  Jenifer 

12.  John  T.  Shaaff 

6.  Walter  H.  Jenifer 

27.  Charles  H.  Tompkins 

40.  Richard  Byrnes 

58.  Richard  Fitzgerald  * 

60.  John  Trevor  * 

61.  Edward  Harris 

71.  Robert  F.  Stockton* 

73.  J.  Scott  Payne 

79.  Jules  C.  A.  Schenofsky 

86.  William  J.  Volkmar 

101.  Charles  H.  Watts 

94.  Adolphus  W.  Greely  * 

Second  Lieutenants.69 

10.   Robert  C.  Wood,  Jr I  Jan.    I,  '58. 

20.  Fitzhugh  Lee I  Mar.  31, '61. 

69  Lieutenant  Denney  served  as  a  second  lieutenant  in  Company  B  from  October  16,  1862,  to 
February  19,  1863;  but  as  he  was  commissioned  a  first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862,  which 
was  also  the  date  of  his  second  lieutenant's  commission,  his  name  [is  omitted,  as  a  second  lieu- 
tenant, from  the  rolls  of  Company  B. 


Jan.  13,  '58 
Aug.  2,  '59. 
Apr.  30,  '6i 
July  17,  '62 
June  12,  '64, 
Sept.  19,  '64 
Sept.  29,  '64 
Oct.  31,  '66 
May  23,  '67 
Sept.  12,  '68 
Oct.  1,  '70 
Apr.  2,  '79 
May  25,  '80 


APPENDIX. 


6M 


Apr.  26, 

•61 

31. 

Oct.  23, 

•61 

48. 

Feb.   19, 

'63 

64. 

June    7, 

•64 

76. 

Nov.  16, 

'66 

92. 

Aug.   9, 

'67 

104. 

Nov.  14, 

'67 

99. 

June  15, 

'69 

114. 

June  15, 

'70 

120. 

July  28, 

'76 

136. 

June   3, 

'79 

142. 

Second  Lieutenants— Continued. 

Julius  W.  Mason 

William  II.  Brown 

Myles  Moylan 

Edward  Harris 

Charles  B.  Brady 

William  L.  Porter 

Jules  C.  A.  Schenofsky 

Charles  H.  Rockwell  * 

Walter  S.  Schuyler 

Eben  Swift,  Jr 

Augustus  C.  Macomb 


June  I,  '61. 
July  17,  '62. 
Sept.  4,  '63. 
Sept.  29,  '64. 
Aug.  11,  '67. 
Nov.  14,  '67. 
Sept.  12/68. 
Nov.  30,  '69. 
July  29,  '76. 
June  4,   '78. 


COMPANY  C. 


Mar.    3, 

'55 

Apr.    6, 

'61 

Apr.   25, 

'61 

June  28, 

'61 

Dec.    7, 

'63 

July  28, 

'66 

Dec.    8, 

'66 

Dec.   15, 

'70 

3.  James  Oakes 

17.  William  P.  Chambliss*. 

18.  Robert  N.  Eagle* 

16.  William  B.  Royall 

31.  John  B.  Mcintosh  *  . . . 

36.  Gustavus  Urban  * 

35.   Thomas  E.  Maley 

46.  Emil  Adam 


Apr.  6, 

'61. 

Apr.  25, 

•61. 

June  28, 

'61. 

Dec.   7, 

'63- 

July  28, 

'66 

Dec.  8, 

'66. 

Dec.  15, 

'70. 

First   Lieutenants. 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  21,  '61 
Jan.  15,  '62 
Nov.  2,  '63 
Sept.  12,  '64 
Jan.  2,  '67 
Mar.  1,  '67 
May  27,  '70 
Nov.  21,  '71 
Apr.  24,  '73 
May  9,  '77 
Nov.  20,  '78 


7.  William  B.  Royall . . 

21.  Wesley  Owens 

36.  Leicester  Walker  . . . 
52.  James  T.  Baden*... 
59.   Alfred  B.  Taylor  . . . 

66.  James  C.  Cooley  *  . 
72.  Edward  P.  Doherty  , 

67.  James  Burns , 

78.  Alfred  B.  Bache 

76.  John  B.  Babcock  . . , 
99.  George  B.  Davis  *  . 
97.  Walter  S.  Schuyler. 


Mar.  21, 

'61. 

Jan.  15, 

'62. 

Nov.  2, 

'63. 

Sept.  12 

'64 

Dec.  31, 

'66 

Mar.   1, 

'67. 

May  27, 

'70 

Nov.  21, 

'7i 

Apr.  24, 

'73 

May  9, 

'77 

Nov.  20 

•78 

Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  3,  '55 
June  28,  '60 
Apr.  26,  '61 


Second   Lieutenants. 

6.   Edwin  R.  Merrifield  * 

12.  James  B.  Witherell 

23.  Abraham  K.  Arnold 

33.  E.  B.  Shields* 


Declined. 
June  28,  '60. 
Apr.  6,   '61. 
Declined. 


APPENDIX. 


Second  Lieutenants— Continued. 


May  7,  '61 
Aug.  5,  '6 1 
Sept.  21,  '6i 
Feb.  19,  '63 
June  ii,  '63 
Sept.  3.  '63 
Feb.  23,  '66 
June  13,  '67 
Sept.  4,  '67 
Aug.  4,  '68 
Mar.  11,  '69 
June  15,  '70 
Nov.  21,  '71 
June  14,  '72 
Dec.  7,  '72 
June  15,  '77 
June  13,  '79 
Sept.  4.  '79 


37.   Thomas  M.  Anderson 
45.   Reuben  C.  Winslow. . 

47.  Richard  Byrnes 

68.  John  Stoddard. 


72. 

62. 

87. 
100. 
107. 


Kenelm  Robbins  . . . 

Temple  Buford 

Robert  F.  Stockton  . 

Peter  V.  Haskin  *  . . 

Frank  C.  Morehead  . 
in.  Robert  A.  Edwards  . 
107.  Frank  C.  Morehead., 
121.  Edward  C.  Edgerton 
113.   Earl  D.  Thomas*. . 

126.  Charles  H.  Watts*60 

127.  Edward  L.  Keyes61 . 
139.  Henry  J.  Goldman. . 
143.  James  E.  Runcie  *. . 
147.  William  E.  Almy  .  . . 


Brevet  Second  Lieutenants. 
July    1,    '56  I       4.  Fitzhugh  Lee 
July    1,    '57 


Aug.  23 

'61. 

Sept.  21 

'61 

July  17, 

'62 

May  25, 

'63 

Sept.  3, 

'63 

Jan.  11, 

'64 

Oct.  31, 

'66 

Nov.  6, 

'67 

Aug.  9, 

'68 

Apr.  3, 

•6q 

Jan.    3, 

'70 

Nov.  21 

'71 

Mar.    1, 

'72 

Dec.  7, 

'r- 

Apr.  28, 

'11 

June  18, 

'79 

Aug.  11, 

'79- 

I  Jan.    1,  '58. 

6.  John  T.  Magruder* |  Apr.  24,  '58. 


Mar.  3, 
Apr.  25, 
Mar.  30, 
Apr.    2, 

Mar.  3, 
Apr.  6, 
June  19, 
July  8, 
Jan.  15, 
May    1, 


COMPANY  D. 

Captains. 

4.  Innis  N.  Palmer 

17.  William  P.  Chambliss 

32.  Samuel  S.  Sumner 

57.  William  J.  Volkmar 


First  Lieutenants." 

9.  William  P.  Chambliss 

24.  Abraham  K.  Arnold  * 

28.  William  McLean  * 

30.  Louis  D.  Watkins 

35.  Joseph  P.  Ash 

30.  Louis  D.  Watkins 


Apr.  25,  '61, 
Mar.  30,  '64. 
Apr.  2,  '79. 


Apr.  6,  '61. 
June  1,  '61. 
July  8,  '61. 
Jan.  21,  '62. 
May  1,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 


•°  Dropped  from  company  rolls  by  regimental  order,  December  7,  1872. 

81  Assigned  to  company — regimental  order,  October  2,  1872— to  date  from  July  27,  1872. 

64  First  Lieutenant  Porter  was  transferred  from  Company  E  to  Company  D,  vice  Watkins,  Janu- 
ary 21,  1862.  He  then  held  a  commission  as  a  commissary  of  subsistence,  to  date  from  August  3, 
1861,  and,  having  resigned  his  regimental  commission,  to  take  effect  January  15,  1862,  his  name  is 
omitted,  as  a  first  lieutenant,  from  the  rolls  of  Company  D. 


APPENDIX. 


609 


July  17, 

'62 

Feb.  17, 

'66 

Aug.  15, 

•67 

July  29, 

'76 

Nov.  20, 

'78 

Mar.  3,  '55 
July  1,  '55 
Oct.  i,  '58 
Mar.  23,  '61 
May  6,  '61 
June  11,  '61 
June  24,  '61 
Feb.  25,  '63 
July  18,  '63 
May  3,  '65 
Mar.  7,  '67 
Apr.  3,  '69 
June  12,  '71 
June  15,  '77 


First  Lieutenants—  Continued. 

43.  Frank  W.  Dickerson 

65.  James  P.  Ruggles 

75.  Calbraith  P.  Rodgers 

97.  Walter  S.  Schuyler  * 

99.  George  B.  Davis 


Second  Lieutenants." 


7.  George  Hartwell  * 

14.  Cornelius  Van  Camp  . . . 
22.  George  A.  Cunningham 
26.  Charles  H.  Tompkins*. 
36.  Charles  E.  Hazlett 

42.  Samuel  S.  Sumner 

43.  John  R.  Edie  * 

69.  Joseph  H.  Wood 

65.  John  H.  Kane 

80.  James  C.  Cooley 

98.  Alfred  B.  Bache 

in.  Robert  A   Edwards 

124.  George  B.  Davis 

140.  James  V.  S.  Paddock. . . 


Feb.  17,  '66. 
Aug  15,  '67. 
July  29,  '76. 
Nov.  20,  '78. 


Aug.  21,  '55. 
Oct.  1,  '58. 
Feb.  27,  61. 
Apr.  30,  '61. 
June  18,  '61. 
July  17,  '62. 
Oct.  17,  '61. 
June  1,  '63. 
Nov.  19,  '63. 
July  28,  '66. 
July  20,  '68. 
Oct.  31,  '70. 
May  9,  '77. 


Brevet  Second  Lieutenants. 
July    1,    '55  I       2.  Albert  V.  Colburn I  Sept.  30/55. 


July    1,    '60  I       8.  Wade  H.  Gibbes  * 


Nov.   1,  '60. 


Mar.  3,  '55 
May  9,  '61 
July  31,  '66 
Aug.  29,  "72 


Mar.  3,  '55 

May  17,  '57 

June  28,  '60 

Mar.  20,  '61 


COMPANY  E. 

Captains. 

5.  George  Stoneman,  Jr. .  * 

19.  William  W.  Lowe 

38.  Philip  Dwyer 

50.  George  F.  Price 


First   Lieutenants. 

10.  Robert  N.  Eagle 

3.  Joseph  H.  McArthur 

16.  James  B.  Witherell 

20.  A.  Parker  Porter 


May  9,  '6r. 
Aug.  31,  '66. 
Aug.  29,  '72. 


May  17,  '57. 
June  28,  '60. 
Mar.  20,  '61. 
Jan.  15,  '62. 


83  Second  Lieutenant  Dwyer  appears  on  rolls  following  Second  Lieutenant  Sumner,  and  served 
in  that  grade  from  September  22,  1862,  to  November  29,  1862  ;  but  as  he  was  commissioned  a  first 
lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  17, 1862,  wh'ich  was  also  the  date  of  his  second  lieutenant's  commis- 
sion, his  name  is  omitted,  as  a  second  lieutenant,  from  the  rolls  of  Company  D. 


610 


APPENDIX. 


First  Lieutenants — Continued. 


Jan.  21, 

'62 

May  I, 

'62 

Sept.  25, 

'63 

Jan.     1, 

'65 

Nov.  21, 

'67 

Feb.   14, 

'68 

Aug.    3. 

'68 

July  12, 

'69 

Jan.    3, 

'70 

Dec.  16, 

'70 

May    1, 

'72 

Aug.  22, 

'72 

Aug.  20, 

'73 

Aug.  15, 

'74 

June   4, 

'75 

Mar.  14, 

'82 

Mar.  3,  '55 
Jan.  31,  '61 
Apr.  26,  '61 
June  10,  '61 
Feb.  19,  '62 
May  1,  '62 
July  17,  '62 
Nov.  29,  '62 
Sept.  4,  '63 
May  4,  '66 
Mar.  7,  '67 
June  15,  '69 
June  14,  '72 
June  21,  '79 


Louis  D.  Watkins 

Joseph  P.  Ash 

Robert  Sweatman 

Thomas  E.  Maley  * 

Robert  F.  Stockton 

John  B.  Babcock  * 

Robert  P.  Wilson   

Robert  H.  Montgomery 
Frank  C.  Morehead. . . . 

George  F.  Price 

Edward  M.  Hayes  *  . . . 
Albert  E.  Woodson  *. . . 

Edward  M.  Hayes  * 

J.  Scott  Payne 

Phineas  P.  Barnard 

Charles  D.  Parkhurst. . . 


Second  Lieutenants. 


8.  Joseph  F.  Minter 

24.  John  J.  Sweet  * 

34.  Edward  H.  Leib 

41.   Henry  M.  Hyde  * 

50.  Frank  W.  Dickerson  . . . 

52.  Thomas  E.  Maley 

58.  James  Hastings 

61.  Robert  H.  Montgomery 

67.   William  Brophy  * 

90.   Henry  P.  Wade 

97.   Daniel  Hitchcock 

112.  Jacob  A.  Augur 

125.  Charles  D.  Parkhurst  . . 
141.  John  T.  Barnett* 


May    1, 

'62. 

Sept.  25 

'63. 

Nov.  4, 

'67. 

Oct.  15, 

'65. 

Feb.  14, 

'68. 

Aug.  10, 

'68. 

June  12, 

'69. 

Jan.    3. 

70. 

Oct.    1, 

'70. 

May  1, 

'72. 

Aug.  22, 

'72- 

Aug.  20, 

'73- 

Aug.  15, 

'74- 

June  4, 

'75- 

Mar.  14, 

'82. 

Jan.  31, 

'6i. 

Apr.  16, 

'6i. 

June  10, 

'6i. 

Dec.  14 

'61. 

May  1, 

■62. 

May   9, 

'62 

Dec.   1, 

02 

Nov.  19 

'63 

Sept.  12 

,'63. 

Mar.   7, 

67 

July  10, 

'68 

Jan.  11, 

'7i 

Aug.  23 

'73 

July  i,  '57 
July  1,  '59 
July    i,    '60 


Brevet  Second  Lieutenants. 

5.   Manning  M.  Kimmel  * 

7.  Abraham  K.  Arnold  * 

9.  John  J.  Sweet  * 


Apr.  24,  '58. 
June  28,  '60. 
Jan.  31,  '61. 


COMPANY  F. 


Captains. 

Mar.    3,  '55  I      6.  Theodore  O'Hara I  Dec.   1,  '56. 

Dec.    1,    '56  I     12.  Richard  W.  Johnson |  July  17,  '62. 


APPENDIX. 


Gil 


from.  Captains— Continued. 

July  17,   '621  26.  Thomas  Drummond 

Apr.    i,    '65  34.  William  H.  Brown 

June  4,    '75  I  52.  J.  Scott  Payne 


Apr.    1,   '65. 
June  4,   '75. 


First   Lieutenants. 


Mar.  3,  '55 
May  1,  '56 
Jan.  13,  '58 
Aug.  2,  '59 
Feb.  22,  '61 
Apr.  I,  '61 
June  10,  '61 
Apr.  13,  '63 
Jan.  12,  '66 
July  20,  '68 
Apr.  25,  '69 
May  4,  '70 
Apr.  24,  '73 
Nov.  12,  '76 


Nathan  G.  Evans 

John  T.  Shaaff 

Walter  H.  Jenifer 

John  T.  Shaaff 

Charles  W.  Phifer  * 

Manning  M.  Kimmel  *. . . 

34.  Edward  H.  Leib 

49.   Henry  Baker 

64.  Augustus  H.  D.  Williams. 

78.  Alfred  B.  Bache 

82.  Edward  W.  Ward 

76.  John  B.  Babcock 

78.  Alfred  B.  Bache 

qS.   Frank  Michler 


23 


May 
Jan. 
Aug. 
Feb. 
Apr. 
Aug. 
Apr. 
Jan. 

July 

Apr. 
May 
Apr. 
Nov. 


1,  '56. 

13.  '58. 

2,  '59- 

22,  '6l. 
I,    '6l. 

14,  '6l. 
13.  '63- 

12,  '66. 
20,  '68. 
25,  '69- 
4,  '70. 
24.  '73- 
12,  '76. 


Second  Lieutenants. 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  27,  '61 
June  8,  '61 
July  17,  '62 
Mar.  12,  '65 
Feb.  23,  '66 
Feb.  5,  '67 
June  15,  '68 
July  14,  '69 
July  28,  '76 
Aug.  18,  '76 
June  11,  '81 


Charles  W.  Phifer 

Sullivan  W.  Burbank  *  . . . 

John  B.  Mcintosh 

James  T.  Baden 

Augustus  H.  D.  Williams. 

Edward  M.  Hayes 

John  P.  Cummings 

William  C.  Forbush 

William  P.  Hall 

Samuel  A.  Cherry 

Horatio  G.  Sickel,  Jr.  * . . . 
Lester  W.  Cornish 


Feb. 
May 
June 
Nov. 
Jan. 
Aug. 
Aug. 
July 
July 
May 
Sept. 


22,  '61. 
14,  '61. 
27,  '62. 
2,  '63. 
12,  '66. 
20,  '66. 
18,  '68. 

12,  '69. 

I,  '76. 
II, '81. 

20/76. 


July   1,   '55  I 


Brevet  Second  Lieutenant. 
1.  Junius  B.  Wheeler  * 


I  Aug.  21,  '55- 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  21,  '61 
June  28,  '61 


COMPANY  G. 

Captains. 

7.  William  R.  Bradfute 

[6.  William  B.  Royall  * 


18.  Robert  N.  Eagle Jan.  15 


Mar.  21,  '61. 
June  28,  '61. 


612 


APPENDIX. 


Jan.  15,  '62 
Aug.  11,  '67 
Dec.  22,  '68 
Aug.  31,  '70 
Mar.  1,  '72 
Aug.  15,  '74 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Dec.  1,  '56 
May  31,  '58 
Feb.  27,  '61 
May  30,  '61 
Oct.  10,  '62 
Aug.  31,  '63 
July  28,  '66 
Jan.  1,  '68 
June  9,  '68 
Apr.  15,  '69 
July  20,  '69 
Nov.  21,  '71 
Mar.   1,    '72 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Mar.  3,  '55 
Aug.  18,  '58 
Apr.  26,  '61 
June  24,  '61 
July  17,  '62 
Feb.  19,  '63 
Sept.  4,  '63 
Oct.  31,  '63 
May  3,  '65 
Feb.  23,  '66 
June  18,  '66 
Aug.  17,  '67 
Aug.  13,  '69 
Oct.  21,  '70 
Apr.  29,  '72 
Dec.  12,  '72 
June  13,  '73 
Sept.  4,  '79 


Captains — Continued. 

21 .  Wesley  Owens 

39.  James  Hastings , 

41.  John  H.  Kane 

45.  Alexander  S.  Clarke , 

49.  James  Burns 

5 1 .   Edward  M.  Hayes 


First  Lieutenants. 


2.  Richard  W.  Johnson 
14.  William  W.  Lowe  . . 

5.   Kenner  Garrard 

19.  James  E.  Harrison. . 
32.   Thomas  Drummond. 

45.  Henry  Jones 

46.  Jeremiah  C.  Denney. 
William  Binning. . . . 
James  P.  Ruggles. . . 
Amos  Webster  *  . . . . 

Jacob  Almy 

Alfred  B.  Bache 

James  Burns 


92.  Earl  D.  Thomas. 


Second  Lieutenants. 


21. 
32. 
44- 
56. 
63- 
66. 
74- 
79- 
86. 
91. 
K>5. 
116. 
119, 
123, 
128 
132 
146 


George  B.  Anderson  *  . 

John  B.  Hood 

Manning  M.  Kimmel  . 
Edward  W.  Hinks*... 
George  A.  Custer  . . . , . 

Henry  Jones 

Conrad  Murat 

Edward  Murphy 

Alfred  B.  Taylor 

James  P.  Ruggles 

Michael  V.  Sheridan  *  ' 

J.  Scott  Payne , 

J.  Edwin  Leas 

Adolphus  W.  Greely  *. 
Edward  G.  Stevens  . . 

Reid  T.  Stewart* 

William  Dulany  *...., 

Hoel  S.  Bishop , 

Henry  De  H.  Waite  . 


Aug.  11,  '67. 
Dec.  22,  '68. 
Aug.  31, '70. 
Mar.  1,  '72. 
Aug.  15, '74- 


Dec. 
May 
Feb. 
May 
July 
Aug. 

July 

Jan. 
June 
Apr. 

July 

Nov. 
Mar. 


I,  '56. 
3i,  '58. 

27,  '61. 
30,  '61. 
17,  '62. 
3i,  '63- 

28,  '66. 
1,  '68 
9,  '68. 
15,  '69. 

20,  '69. 

21,  '71. 
1,  '72. 


Declined 
Aug.  18, 
Apr.  1, 
June  4, 
July  17- 
Oct.  10, 
Aug.  27, 
Dec.  7, 
Sept.  12, 
Feb.  17, 
July  28, 
May  23, 
Aug.  13, 
Oct.  21, 
Dec.  1, 
Aug.  27, 
June  3, 
June  14, 


•4  See  foot-note  on  page  615. 


APPENDIX. 


611 


FROM. 

Sept.  30,  '55  I 


Brevet  Second   Lieutenant. 
2.  Albert  V.  Colburn 


TO. 

I  Oct.   i,   '55. 


COMPANY  H. 


Mar.  3.  '55 
May  1,  '56 
Feb.  27,  '61 
Nov.  2,  '63 
Dec.  30,  '70 


Mar.  3,  '55 
May  17,  '57 
Apr.  25,  '61 
June  22,  '61 
July  8,  '61 
July  17,  '62 
Oct.  10,  '62 
Aug.  3i.  '63 
Nov.  30,  '64 
Nov.  19,  '63 
Dec.  22,  '68 
Mar.  19,  '70 
Aug.  4,  '70 
June  5,  '71 
Aug.  23,  '78 
Mar.  14,  '82 


Mar.  3, 
June  18, 
Aug.  21, 
Aug.  27, 
Mar.  23, 
Apr.  30, 
Oct.  17, 
Mar.  24, 
July  13, 


Captains. 


8.  Charles  E.  Travis. . 

11.  Nathan  G.  Evans  . . 

15.  Kenner  Garrard  . . . 

30.  Leicester  Walker  .  . 

47.  John  M.  Hamilton. 


First  Lieutenants. 


3.  Joseph  H.  McArthur. 

10.  Robert  N.  Eagle 

26.  William  O.  Williams  . 

30.  Louis  D.  Watkins  *  . . 

28.  William  McLean 

42.  Harrison  Fosdick 

46.  Jeremiah  C.  Denney  . 

48.  Henry  Jones 

44.  Thomas  E.  Maley  *  . . 

53.  John  H.  Kane 

80.  Peter  V.  Haskin 

86.  William  J.  Volkmar* 

81.  Jacob  Almy* 

82.  Edward  W.  Ward  . . . 
100.  Charles  D.  Parkhurst. 

95.  Phineas  P.  Barnard*. 


Second  Lieutenants. 


4.  Nelson  B.  Sweitzer  *  . 
13.  John  Williams  * 

15.  Junius  B.  Wheeler  . . . 

16.  James  E.  Harrison. . . 
25.  William  O.  Williams. 

35.  Joseph  P.  Ash 

35.  Joseph  P.  Ash 

51.  Charles  S.  Brooks 

49.  Harrison  Fosdick  .  . . 


May  i,  '56. 
Feb.  27,  '61. 
Nov.  2,  '63. 
Dec.  30,  '70. 


May  17, 

'57- 

Apr.  25, 

*6i. 

June  10, 

•61. 

July  8, 

•6i. 

July  17, 

•62. 

Oct.  10, 

•02. 

Aug.  31, 

'63. 

Nov.  19 

'63. 

Jan.    I, 

Y,5. 

Dec.  22, 

'68. 

Mar.  19, 

'70 

Aug.  4, 

'70 

June  5, 

'71. 

Aug.  23, 

'78. 

Mar.  14 

'82 

Declined. 
June  30,  '55. 
June  27,  '56. 
Feb.  27,  '61. 
Apr.  25/61. 
July  21,  '61. 
Jan.  15,  '62. 
July  7,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 


•&  Lieutenant  Denney  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant,  vice  Fosdick,  to  date  from  July 
17,  1862,  and  served  as  such  in  Company  H  to  October  16,  1862  ;  but  as  he  was  commissioned  a 
first  lieutenant,  to  date  from  July  17,  1862,  which  was  also  the  date  of  his  second  lieutenant's  com- 
mission, his  name  is  omitted,  as  a  second  lieutenant,  from  the  rolls  of  Company  H. 


614 


APPENDIX. 


Second  Lieutenants — Continued. 


Feb.  19,  '63  66.  Edward  Murphy 

Sept.   4,  '63  64.  Myles  Moylan 

May  18,   '64  75-  J°hn  Trevor 

Jan.    I,    '65  77.  William  H.  Churchill 

Apr.   19,  '66  88.  Edward  P.  Doherty  . . 

June  17,  '67  101.  Jacob  Almy 

July  14,   '69  117.  Phineas  P.  Barnard.. 

June  16,  '75  133-  Edwin  P.  Andrus 


Sept.  4,  '63. 
Oct.  20,  '63. 
Sept.  19, '64. 
Aug.  3,  '65. 
Mar.  I,  '67. 
Apr.  15, '69. 
June  4,  '75. 


COMPANY  I. 


Mar.   3,  '55 

July  17,  '62 

July  28,  '66 

Dec.    8,  '66 

Jan.  II,  '71 


Mar.  3, 
Jan.  31, 
Mar.  31, 
May  21, 
July  17, 
Dec.  1, 
Sept.  4, 
Aug.  20, 
June  22, 
Mar.  1, 
June  4, 
May    1, 


Captains. 


9.  Albert  G.  Brackett. 

24.  Louis  D.  Watkins  * 

35.  Thomas  E.  Maley  * 

36.  Gustavus  Urban  . . . 
48.  Sanford  C.  Kellogg 


First  Lieutenants. 


4.  Charles  W.  Field  . . . 
17.  Joseph  F.  Minter*. . 

22.   Fitzhugh  Lee  * 

31.  Junius  B.  Holloway. 
45.  Gustavus  Urban  *. . . 
41.  William  H.  Brown* 
45.  Gustavus  Urban 
70.  Edward  M.  Hayes  . . 
83.  George  F.  Mason  *  . 
85.  Bernard  Reilly,  Jr.. . 

90.  Charles  King  * 

103.  George  O.  Eaton. . . . 


July  17, 

'62. 

July  28, 

'66. 

Dec.  8, 

'66. 

Jan.  II, 

'71. 

Jan.  31, 

'61. 

Mar.  31, 

'61. 

May  21, 

'61. 

July  17, 

'62. 

Aug.  12, 

'63. 

Sept.  4, 

63- 

July  28, 

'66. 

June  22 

'69. 

Mar.  I, 

'70. 

June  4, 

'78. 

May   1, 

'79- 

Second  Lieutenants. 


Mar.  3, 
July  1, 
Apr.  26, 
July  21, 
Oct.  17, 
Oct.  26, 
Feb.  19, 
Sept.  4, 
Oct.  31, 


John  T.  Shaaff 

Wesley  Owens 

Thomas  Drummond. 

Joseph  P.  Ash 

John  R.  Edie  * 

Harrison  Fosdick  . . . 
67.  William  Brophy 
70.  Joseph  P.  Henley. . . 
73.  Richard  Fitzgerald  * 


May 
Mar. 
May 
Oct. 
Oct. 

July 

Sept. 
Mar. 
June 


1,  '56. 
21,  '61. 
30,  '61. 
17,  '61. 
23,  '61. 
13,  '62. 
•  4.  '63- 
30.  '64- 
12,  '64. 


APPENDIX. 


615 


FKOM. 

Feb.  23,  *66 
June  18,  '67 
July  22,  '67 
June  15,  '69 
Nov.  21,  '71 
June  13,  '73 
June  13,  '79 


Second  Lieutenants — Continued. 
84.   Henry  Jayne  * 

102.  E.  Willard  Warren  * 

103.  Edward  W.  Ward 

113.   Earl  D.  Thomas 

121.  Edward  C.  Edgerton 

1 30.   Robert  London 

144.   Luther  S.  Welborn 


Declined. 
Declined. 
Apr.  25,  '69. 
Nov.  21,  '71. 
Dec.  31,  '72. 
May   1,   '79. 


Mar.    3,  *55 

July  17,  '62 

Dec.   6,  '62 

July    1,  '76 


Mar.  3,  '55 
June  30,  '55 
Aug.  18,  '58 
Apr.  16,  '61 
Oct.  23,  '61 
Aug.  12,  '63 
Sept.  4,  '63 
Oct.  15,  '65 
July  28,  '66 
May  27,  '70 
Jan.  1,  '71 
Oct.  5,  '76 
May    I,    '79 


Mar.  3,  '55 
Dec.  1,  '56 
Mar.  27,  '61 
May  8,  '61 
Apr.  14,  '62 
May  I,  '62 
July  17,   '62 


COMPANY  K. 

Captains. 

10.  Charles  J.  Whiting I  July  17,  '62. 

25.  Junius  B.  Holloway  * |  Dec.  6,  '62. 

27.  Julius  W.  Mason I  July   1,    '76. 

53.  Albert  E.  Woodson I 

First  Lieutenants. 

5.  Kenner  Garrard 

11.  Charles  Radziminski 

15.  John  B.  Hood 

25.  John  J.  Sweet 

33.  Julius  W.  Mason. . . . 

45.  Gustavus  Urban  .... 

41.  William  H.  Brown  * 

44.  Thomas  E.  Maley  *. 

67. 

72. 

90. 

87. 

102. 


James  Burns 

Edward  P.  Doherty  . . 

Charles  King 

William  C.  Forbush  * 
Robert  London 


Second   Lieutenants. 

5.  William  W.  Lowe 

19.  James  P.  Major 

27.  William  McLean 

38.  Leicester  Walker 

52.  Thomas  E.  Maley 

50.  Frank  W.  Dickerson 

59.  Robert  Sweatman 


Apr.  20, 

'55 

Aug.  18, 

'58 

Apr.  16, 

'61 

Oct.  23, 

'61 

Dec.  6, 

'62 

Sept.  4, 

•63. 

Apr.  1, 

6S 

July  28, 

'66 

May  27, 

?o. 

Dec.  27, 

'70. 

Oct.    5, 

•70 

May  1, 

'79 

Dec.  1,  '56. 
Mar.  2i,  '61. 
May  9,  '61. 
Jan  15,  '62. 
May  I,  '62. 
July  17,  '62. 
Sept.  25, '63. 


«•  Lieutenant  Sheridan  was  assigned  to  Company  K,  by  transfer  from  Company  G,  October 
9,  1866,  and  served  with  Company  K  October  10-20,  1866  ;  but  as  his  commission  of  captain  in 
the  Seventh  Cavalry  dates  from  July  28,  1866,  his  name  is  dropped  from  the  rolls  of  Company 
G  on  that  date,  and  is  also  omitted,  as  a  second  lieutenant,  from  the  rolls  of  Company  K. 


616 


APPENDIX. 


June 

7. 

'64 

Aug. 

9. 

'65 

Nov. 

19. 

'66 

Nov. 

6, 

'67 

Nov. 

30. 

'67 

May 

4, 

*68 

June 

15. 

'70 

June 

15. 

'77  1 

Second  Lieutenants — Continued. 

77.  William  H.  Churchill 

81.   James  Burns 

93.  Calbraith  P.  Rodgers 

94.  John  B.  Babcock 

96.  Amos  Webster  * 

108.  Bernard  Reilly,  Jr 

122.  Frank  Michler 


Nov.    1,   '60  J 


Brevet  Second  Lieutenant. 
8.  Wade  H.  Gibbes  * , 


Jan.  i,  '65. 
July  28,  '66. 
Aug.  15,  '67. 
Feb.  14,  '68. 
June  9,  '68. 
Mar.  i,  '70. 
Nov.  12,  '76. 


I  Jan. 


'61. 


COMPANY  L. 


[Authorized  by  Act  of  Congress,  July  17,  1862.     Fully  organized  October  27,  1865.] 


July  17,  '62 
June  22,  '69 
May    1,   '79 


July  17,  '62 
Mar.  30,  '64 
June  12,  '64 
July  31,  '66 
Aug.  11,  '67 
Dec.  15,  '70 
Aug.  22,  '72 
Aug.  20,  '73 
July  1,  '76 
Oct.    5,    '76 


Feb.  19,  '63 
June  I,  '63 
May  4,  '66 
Jan.  22,  '67 
Nov.  6,  '67 
June  15,  '69 


Captains. 
22.  Abraham  K.  Arnold  *. . . , 

43.  Alfred  B.  Taylor 

58.  William  C.  Forbush 


June  22,  '69. 
May  1,   '79. 


First  Lieutenants. 


38.  Samuel  S.  Sumner  *. , 
55.  Joseph  P.  Henley  *  . , 
57.   Kenelm  Robbins  *. . , 

50.  James  Hastings 

74.  Charles  B.  Brady  . . . 
89.  Albert  E.  Woodson  . 
70.  Edward  M.  Hayes*  . 
89.  Albert  E.  Woodson  . 


William  P.  Hall  * Oct. 

Charles  H.  Rockwell ' 


Mar.  30 

'64 

June  12, 

'64 

July  31. 

V,6 

Aug.  11, 

•67. 

Nov.  30, 

'70. 

Aug.  22, 

'72. 

Aug.  20, 

'73 

July   1, 

•76 

Oct.    5, 

'76. 

Second  Lieutenants. 

65.  John  H.  Kane  * 

71.  Robert  P.  Wilson  * 

89.  James  W.  Walsh 

94.  John  B.  Babcock 

100.   Peter  V.  Haskin 

115.  William  F.  Smith  * 


July  18,  '63. 
Sept.  4,  '63. 
July  28,  '66. 
Nov.  6,  '67. 
Dec.  22,  '68. 
Declined. 


87  Lieutenant  Urban  was  appointed  a  second  lieutenant  July  17,  1862.  to  fill  an  original  va- 
cancy ;  but  as  he  was  commissioned  a  first  lieutenant  with  the  same  date,  July  17,  1862,  his  name 
is  omitted,  as  a  second  lieutenant,  from  the  roils  of  Company  L. 


APPENDIX. 


017 


Nov.  30,  '69 
Dec  12,  '72 
Oct.    15,  '75 


Second  Lieutenants — Continued. 

114.  Charles  H.  Rockwell 

1 29.  Edwin  P.  Eckerson 

134.   Homer  W.  Wheeler 


Aug.  29,  '72. 
July  15,  '75. 


COMPANY  M. 
[Authorized  by  Act  of  Congress,  July  17,  1862.     Fully  organized  February  23,  1863. 

Captains. 


July  17,  '62 
Apr.    13,  '63 

May  9,     '77 


July  17,  '62 
May  8,  '64 
Aug.  10,  '68 
May  4,  '70 
Aug.  4,  '70 
June  5,  '71 
May  27,  '73 
May  25,  '80 


23.  William  McLean 
28.  Edward  H.  Leib. 
55.  John  B.  Babcock 


First  Lieutenants. 


39.   George  A  Custer 

56.  Robert  P.  Wilson 

76.  John  B.  Babcock 

82.   Edward  W.  Ward 

86.  William  J.  Volkmar. . . 

81.  Jacob  Almy 

94.  Adolphus  \V.  Greely*. 
101.  Charles  H.  Watts   


Apr.  13,  '63. 
May  9,  '77. 


May  8,  '64. 
Aug.  3,  '68. 
May  4,  '70. 
June  5,  '71. 
Nov.  I,  '70. 
May  27,  '73. 
May  25,  '80. 


Second  Lieutenants. 


Feb.  19,  '63 
Sept.  3,  '63 
Feb.  16,  '65 
Feb.  23,  '66 
Mar.  30,  '67 
Nov.  14,  '67 
June  15,  '68 
June  12,  '71 
July  27,  '72 
Dec.  7,  '72 
June  18,  '79 


02. 

72. 

61. 

83. 

99. 
104. 
109. 
123. 
127. 
120, 
138, 


Temple  Buford 

Kenelm  Robbins 

Robert  H.  Montgomery. 

George  F.  Price 

Jules  C.  A-  Schenofsky  . 

William  L.  Porter 

William  J.  Volkmar 

Reid  T.  Stewart  * 

Edward  L.  Keyes  *  . . . . 

Charles  H.  Watts 

Henry  J.  Goldman 


Sept.  3, 

■<>3 

June  12, 

'64. 

Apr.  25, 

'65 

July  31. 

'66. 

Nov.  14, 

'67. 

Apr.  23, 

'68 

Mar.  19, 

70 

Apr.  29, 

'72 

Dec.  7, 

'72 

Apr.  2, 

'79 

618 


APPENDIX. 


No.    7. 
OFFICERS     COMMISSIONED 

in  the  Armies  of    the   United   States  who  have  served  as 
Enlisted  Men  in  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 


First  Sergeant  James  T.  Baden. 
Sergeant-Major  Henry  Baker. 
First  Sergeant  William  Berry. 
Private  Matthew  Berry. 
Bugler  Peter  M.  Boehm. 
First  Sergeant  William  Brophy. 
Sergeant  William  H.  Brown. 
Private  George  Buckley. 
First  Sergeant  James  Burns. 

Sergeant  James  Cahill. 

Sergeant  Miles  G.  Carter.68 

First  Sergeant  William  H.  Churchill. 

Private  James  C.  Cooley. 

Sergeant  Patrick  Collins. 

Private  John  P.  Cummings. 

Sergeant-Major  Jeremiah  C.  Denney. 
Quartermaster-Sergeant  Philip  Dwyer. 

First  Sergeant  Richard  Fitzgerald. 

First  Sergeant  Henry  Gordon. 

Private  Edward  Harris. 
Sergeant  James  Hastings. 
Bugler  Edward  M.  Hayes. 
Sergeant  William  C.  Hemphill. 


First  Sergeant  Joseph  P.  Henley. 
Private  Francis  Hitchcock. 

First  Sergeant  Henry  Jones. 

First  Sergeant  John  H.  Kane. 

Quartermaster-Sergeant  Thos.  E.  Maley. 
Sergeant  Joseph  S.  McCoy. 
Sergeant  Curwin  B.  McLellan. 

Sergeant McQuinn. 

Sergeant  Wilbur  F.  Melbourne. 

First  Sergeant  Robert  H.  Montgomery. 

Sergeant  Edward  Murphy. 

Private  William  C.  Sammons.  " 

Private  Fred  W.  Schaurte. 

First  Sergeant  John  W.  Spangler. 

First  Sergeant  Samuel  P.  Spear. 

Sergeant  John  Stoddard. 

First  Sergeant  Robert  Sweatman. 

Private  Alfred  B.  Taylor. 

Quartermaster-Sergt.  Gustavus  Urban. 

Sergeant  Gustavus  Valois. 

Sergeant  Robert  B.  Ward. 
Corporal  Augustus  H.  D.  Williams. 


•8  Was  a  captain,  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry. 
Cavalry,  revoked  July  28,  1866. 

•»  Appointment  canceled  September  18,  1866. 


Appointment  as  a  second  lieutenant,  Eighth 


APPENDIX. 


G19 


No.    8. 

STATIONS,  CHANGES    OF    STATIONS,  AND  FIELD-SER- 
VICE OF   THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY. 


REGIMENTAL  HEADQUARTERS. 


Apr.  20,  '55 
Sept.  9,  '55 
Oct.  27,  '55 
Dec.  27,  '55 
Jan.  2,  '56 
Jan.  14,  '56 
Apr.  1,  '56 
Dec.  9,  '57 
Dec.  13,  '57 
June  26,  '58 
July  8,  '58 
Feb.  23,  '59 
Feb.  24,  '59 
Oct.  I,  '59 
Nov.  22,  '59 
July  23,  '60 
Aug.  30,  '60 
Nov.  5,  '60 
Nov.  11, '60 
Mar.  29,  '61 
Apr.  27,  '61 
June  1,  '61 
Aug.  28,  '61 
Mar.  10,  '62 
June  5,  '65 
Oct.  24,  '65 
Oct.  26,  '65 
July  I,  '69 
July  9,  '69 
Nov.  27,  '71 
Jan.  8,  '72 
Mar.  4,  '73 
Mar.    8,  '73 


Louisville 

Jefferson  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. . . . 

Fort  Belknap   

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

San  Antonio 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. . . 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper. . . . 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks. 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson. 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell. 

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Lowell. . . . 
Camp  Lowell 


Kentucky 

Missouri 

Texas 

Pennsylvania 

Va.,  Md.... 

D.  C 

Va.,  Md.,  Pa 
Maryland.. . 
D.  C 

Nebraska . . . 

Arizona  Ter. 


Sept.  9, 
Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
Apr.  1, 
Dec.  9, 
Dec.  13, 
June  26, 
July  8, 
Feb.  23, 
Feb.  24, 
Oct.  1, 
Nov.  22, 
July  23, 
Aug.  30, 
Nov.  5. 
Nov.  11, 
Mar.  29, 
Apr.  27, 
June  1, 
Aug.  28, 
Mar.  10, 
June  5, 
Oct.  24, 
Oct.  26, 
July  1, 

July  9. 

Nov.  27, 
Jan.  8, 
Mar.  4, 
Mar.  8, 
May   1, 


620 


APPENDIX. 


FR0M-  Regimental  Headquarters — Continued. 

May    i,    '75  En  route  to  Fort  Hays 

June  29,  '75  Fort  Hays 

Oct.   28,  '75  Field-service 

Nov.    4,   '75  Fort  Hays 

June    5,    '76  Field-service  (B.  H.&Y.  Expedition) 

Nov.   2,   '76  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Aug.  29,  '77  Field-service 

Oct.   25,  '77  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

May  20,  '78  Field  service 

Nov.  24,  '78  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Oct.    1,    '79  Field-service  (Ute  Expedition) 

Nov.  29,  '79  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Apr.   29,  '80  En  route  to  Fort  Laramie 

May    2,    '8o  Fort  Laramie 

Aug.  11,  '82  En  route  to  Fort  Sidney 

Aug.   16,  '82  Fort  Sidney 


COMPANY  A. 


June  22,  '55  Jefferson  Barracks 

Oct.  27,   '55  En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Dec.  27,  '55  Fort  Belknap 

Dec.  31,  '55  En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Jan.    3,    '56  Camp  Cooper 

June   12,  '56  Field-service 

July  23,  '56  Camp  Cooper 

July  28,  '56  En  route  to  Camp  Colorado 

Aug.    2,  '56  Camp  Colorado 

Nov.  13,  '57  Field-service 

Dec.  15,  "57  Camp  Colorado 

July   2,    '58  Field-service 

Aug.   6,    '58  Fort  Chadbourne 

Sept.   5,   '58  En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Sept.  11,  "58  Fort  Belknap 

Sept.  15,  '58  En  route  to  Camp  Radziminski. 

Sept.  23,  '58  Camp  Radziminski 

Sept.  29,  '58  Field-service 

Oct.    IO,   '58  Camp  Radziminski 

Oct.  28,  '58  i  Field-service 

Nov.  14,  '58  Camp  Radziminski 

Dec.   12,  '58  Field-service 

Dec.  23,  '58  Camp  Radziminski 

Apr.  30,   '59  Field-service 

May  31,  '59  Camp  Radziminski 


Missouri. 
Texas . . . 


C.N. 


Texas 

C.  N 

C.  N.,  Texas. 

N 

N  ,  Texas. 

N 

N.,  Texas. 

N 


Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Dec.  31, 
Jan.  3, 
June  12, 
July  23, 
July  28, 
Aug.  2, 
Nov.  13, 
Dec.  15, 
July  2, 
Aug.  6. 
Sept.  5, 
Sept.  11, 
Sept  15, 
Sept.  23, 
Sept.  29, 
Oct.  10, 
Oct.  28, 
Nov.  14, 
Dec.  12, 
Dec.  23, 
Apr.  30. 
May  31, 
June  12, 


APPENDIX. 


621 


Company   A — Continued. 


June  12, '59 
June  19,  '59 
July  26,  '59 
July  29,  '59 
Sept.  I,  '59 
Sept.  4,  '59 
Apr.  22,  '60 
June  10,  '60  I 
July  22,  '60 
Aug.  24,  '60 
Mar.  29,  '61 
Apr.  27,  '61 
June  1,  '61 
Sept.  14,  '61 
Mar.  10,  '62 
June  5,  '65 
Jan.  3,  '66 
Jan.  4,  '66 
Jan.  15,  '66 
Jan.  28,  '66 
Feb.  12,  '66 
Mar.  4,  '66 
Apr.  1,  '66 
Apr.  6,  '66 
June  12,  '67 
June  15,  '67 
July  26,  '67 
Aug.  3,  '67 
Oct.  27,  '67 
Oct.  30,  '67 
Aug.  29,  '68 
Aug.  30,  '68 
Sept.  13,  '68 
Sept.  27,  '68 
Oct.  1,  '68 
July  23,  '69 
Oct.  2,  '69 
Nov.  13,  '69 
Mar.  27,  '70 
Mar.  27,  '70 
July  7.  '/O 
Sept.  25,  '70 
June  8,  '71 
June  9,  '71 
Sept.  13,  '71 


En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Camp  Colorado . . 

Camp  Colorado 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason  . 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks . 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland , 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

En  route  to  Charleston 

Charleston 

En  route  to  Salisbury 

Salisbury 

En  route  to  Raleigh 

Raleigh 

En  route  to  Kinston 

Kinston , 

En  route  to  Asheville 

Asheville 

En  route  to  Morganton 

Morganton 

En  route  to  Raleigh 

Raleigh 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker  . .  . 

Fort  Harker 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  Laramie 

Field-service 

Fort  Laramie 

Field-service 


Pennsylvania . 

Va.,  Md...    . 

D.  C 

Va.,   Md.,   Pa 
Maryland  .... 

D.  C 

D.  C 

S.  Carolina  . . 

N.  Carolina. . 


Kansas. 


Kans.,  Neb. 
Nebraska  . .  . 
Neb.,  Wyo  . 
Wyoming . . . 


June  19,  '59. 
July  26,  '59. 
July  29,  '59. 
Sept.  1,  '59. 
Sept.  4,  '59. 
Apr.  22,  '60. 
June  10,  '60. 
July  22,  '60. 
Aug  24,  '60. 
Mar.  29,  '61. 
Apr.  27,  '61. 
June  1,  '61. 
Sept.  14,  '61. 
Mar.  10,  '62. 
June  5,  '65. 
Jan.  3,  '66. 
Jan.  4,  '66. 
Jan.  15,  '66. 
Jan.  28,  '66. 
Feb.  12,  '66. 
Mar.  4,  '66. 
Apr.  1,  '66. 
Apr.  6,  '66. 
June  12,  '67. 
June  15,  '67. 
July  26,  '67. 
Aug.  3,  '67. 
Oct.  27,  '67. 
Oct.  30,  '67. 
Aug.  29,  '68. 
Aug.  30,  '68. 
Sept.  13,  '68. 
Sept.  27,  '68. 
Oct.  1,  '68. 
July  23,  '69. 
Oct.  2.  '69. 
Nov.  13,  '69. 
Mar.  27,  '70. 
Mar.  27,  '70. 
July  7,  '70. 
Sept.  25,  '70. 
June  8,  '71. 
June  9,  '71. 
Sept.  13/71. 
Sept.  18,  '71 


622 


APPENDIX. 


Company  A — Continued. 


Sept.  iS,  '71 
Sept.  18,  '71 
Oct.  3.  '7i 
Nov.  27,  71 
Jan.  io,  '72 
Apr.  23,  '72 
May  5,  '72 
May  19,  '72 
May  20,  '72 
July  7.  '72 
July  9,  '72 
Aug.  14,  '72 
Aug.  17,  '72 
Nov.  17,  '72 
Dec.  15,  '72 
Dec.  23,  '72 
Jan.  5,  '73 
Jan.  16,  '73 
Mar.  28,  '73 
May  8,  '73 
May  13,  '73 
Aug.  28,  '73 
Oct.  28,  '73 
Apr.  21,  '74 
Apr.  27,  '74 
Apr.  29,  '74 
May  14,  '74 
May  20,  '74 
June  9,  '74 
July  11,  '74 
July  16,  '74 
Oct.  28,  '74 
Nov.  7,  '74 
Nov.  17,  '74 
Dec.  5,  '74 
May  3,  '75 
June  29,  '75 
Oct.  28,  '75 
Nov.  5,  '75 
June  5,  '76 
Nov.  2,  '76 
May  29,  '77 
Oct.  25,  '77 
May  20,  '78 
Dec.   11,  '78 


Fort  Laramie 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson    . . , 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell  . . . 

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Verde 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field  service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Camp  near  Peck's  Lake 

Camp  Verde 

Field  service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

En  route  to  Fort  Hays 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 


Arizona  Ter. 


Kansas 


Wyoming (  Sept.  18,  '71. 

Oct.   3,   '71. 

Nov.  27,  '71. 

Jan.  10,  '72. 

Apr.  23,  '72. 

May  5,    '72. 

May  19,  '72. 

May  20,  '72. 

July   7,    '72. 

July   9>   '72. 

Aug.  14,  '72. 

Aug.  17,  '72. 

Nov.  17,  '72. 

Dec.  15,  '72. 

Dec.  23,  '72. 

Jan.    5,    '73. 

Jan.  16,  '73. 

Mar.  28,  '73. 

May  8,   '73. 

May  13,  '73. 

Aug.  28,  '73. 

Oct.  28,  '73. 

Apr.  21,  '74. 

Apr.  27,  '74. 
Apr.  29,  '74. 

May  14,  '74. 

May  20,  '74. 
June  9,  '74. 
July  11,  '74. 
July  16,  '74. 
Oct.  28,  '74. 
Nov.  7,  '74. 
Nov.  17,  '74. 
Dec.  5,  '74. 
May  3,  '75. 
June  29,  '75. 
Oct.  28,  '75. 
Nov.  5,  '75. 
June  5,  '76. 
Nov.  2,  '76. 
May  29,  '77. 
Oct.  25,  '77. 
May  20,  '78. 
Dec.  11,  '78. 
Jan.  20,  '79. 


Wyoming , 


Appendix. 


G23 


FROM-  Company  A — Continued. 

Jan.  20,   '79  Field-service 

Feb  28,   '79  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Oct.     1,    '79  Field-service  (Ute  Expedition). 

Apr.    2,    '80  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Apr.  29,  '80  En  route  to  Fort  Laramie 

May    2,    '80  Fort  Laramie 


Wyo.,  Neb. , 
Wyoming . . 


Wyoming .... 


Feb.  28, 
Oct.  1, 
Apr.  2, 
Apr.  29, 
May   2, 


COMPANY   B. 


'55  Jefferson  Barracks 

'55  En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. . . . 

'55  Fort  Belknap 

'56  En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

'56  Fort  Mason 

'56  Field-service 

'56  Fort  Mason 

'57  En  route  to  Fort  Inge 

'57  Fort  Inge 

'58  En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. . . . 

'58  Camp  near  Fort  Belknap 

'58  En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

'58  Fort  Mason 

'58  Field-service 

'58  Camp  Radziminski 

'58  Field-service 

'58  Camp  Radziminski 

'59  Field-service 

'59  Camp  Radziminski 

'59  En  rotite  to  Camp  Cooper  . . . 

'59  Camp  Cooper 

'59  En  route  to  Camp  Colorado. . 

'59  Camp  Colorado 

'60  Field-service 

'60  Camp  Colorado 

'61  En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks. 

'61  Carlisle  Barracks 

'61  Field-service 

'61  Washington 

'62  Field-service 

'65  Washington 

'65  En  route  to  Nashville 

'65  Nashville 

'66  En  route  to  Grenada 

'66  Grenada 


Missouri. 
Texas . . . 


C.  N. 
Texas 
C.  N., 
Texas 
C.  N. 
Texas 


Pennsylvania . 


Va.,  Md 

D.  C 

Va.,  Md.,  Pa. 

D.  C 

Tennessee  . . . 

Mississippi, . . 


Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
June  12, 
July  23, 
Mar.  4, 
Mar.  13, 
May  17, 
June  18, 
July  31, 
Aug.  7, 
Oct.  30, 
Nov.  15, 
Dec.  9, 
Dec.  22, 
Apr.  30, 
May  31, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  1, 
Nov.  23, 
Nov.  27, 
July  27, 
Aug.  23, 
Feb.  26, 
Apr.  13, 
May  1, 
Aug.  20, 
Mar.  10, 
May  7, 
Oct.  25, 
Nov.  1, 
Nov.  20, 
Nov.  26, 
Mar.  26, 


624 


APPENDIX. 


Company  B — Continued, 


Mar.  26,  '67 
Apr.  3,  '67 
Sept.  16,  '68 
Sept.  25,  '68 
Oct.  i,  '68 
Nov.  13,  '69 
Mar.  10,  '70 
Mar.  22,  '70 
Aug.  4,  '70 
Aug.  24,  '70 
Dec.  12,  '71 
Feb.  2,  '72 
June  27,  '72 
Feb.  8,  '73 
May  6,  '73 
May  20,  '73 
May  25,  '73 
June  6,  '73 
July  6,  '73 
July  20,  '73 
July  29,  '73 
Aug.  3,  '73 
Aug.  12,  '73 
Sept.  2,  '73 
Sept.  12,  '73 
Sept.  15,  '73 
Oct.  10,  '73 
Oct.  13,  '73 
Dec.  1,  '73 
Jan.  15,  '74 
Feb.  2,  '74 
May  24,  '74 
Nov.  16,  '74 
Dec.  5,  '74 
July  17,  '75 
Sept.  8,  '75 
Oct.  28,  '75 
Nov.  5,  '75 
May  19,  '76 
June  1,  '76 
June  5,  '76 
Nov.  2,  '76 
May  29,  '77 
Oct.  25,  '77 
Jan.    6,    '78 


En  route  to  Nashville , 

Nashville , 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker 

Fort  Harker 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant ... . 

Eh  route  to  Camp  McDowell   

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Apache 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-servicfe 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

En  route  to  Fort  Hays 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 


Tennessee 
Kansas . . . 


Kan.,  Neb, 
Wyoming.  . 


Arizona  Ter. 


Kansas 


Wyoming , . . 
Utah,  Idaho. 


Apr.  3,  '67, 
Sept.  16,  '68. 
Sept.  25,  '68. 
Oct.  1,  '68. 
Nov.  13,  '69. 
Mar.  10,  '70. 
Mar.  22,  '70. 
Aug.  4,  '70. 
Aug.  24,  '70. 
Dec.  12,  '71. 
Feb.  2,  '72. 
June  27,  '72. 
Feb.  8,  '73. 
May  6,  '73. 
May  20,  '73. 
May  25,  '73. 
June  6,  '73. 
July  6,  '73. 
July  20,  '73. 
July  29,  '73. 
Aug.  3,  '73. 
Aug.  12,  '73. 
Sept.  2,  '73. 
Sept.  12,  '73. 
Sept.  15,  '73. 
Oct.  10,  '73. 
Oct.  13,  '73. 
Dec.  1,  '73. 
Jan.  15,  '74. 
Feb.  2,  '74. 
May  24,  '74. 
Nov.  16,  '74. 
Dec.  5,  '74. 
July  17,  '75- 
Sept.  8,  '75. 
Oct.  28,  '75. 
Nov.  5,  '75. 
May  19,  '76. 
June  I,  '76. 
June  5,  '76, 
Nov.  2,  '76. 
May  29,  '77. 
Oct.  25,  '77. 
Jan.  6,  '78. 
Jan.  25,  '78. 


APPENDIX. 


Company  B — Continued. 


Jan.   25,  '78     Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

May  20,   '78     Field-service 

Dec.  11,  '78     Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Jan.  20,  '79     Field-service 

Feb.  28,  '79     Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Oct.    1,     '79  Field-service  (Ute  Expedition). 

Nov.  29,  '79     Fort  D.  A,  Russell 

Apr.    5,    '80  En  route  to  Fort  Niobrara. . . . 

Apr.  22,  '80     Fort  Niobrara 


Wyoming. 


Wyo.,  Neb. 
Wyoming . . 


Wyoming. 

Nebraska  . 


May  20,  '78. 
Dec.  11,  '78. 
Jan.  20,  '79. 
Feb.  28,  '79. 
Oct.  I,  '79. 
Nov.  29,  '79. 
Apr.  5,  '80. 
Apr.  22,  '80. 


COMPANY  a 


May  12, 
Aug.  17, 
Aug.  24, 
Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
Feb.  14, 
Mar.  4, 
Apr.  20, 
May  11, 
Aug.  I, 
Aug.  12, 
Aug.  20, 
Sept.  8, 
July  21, 
Aug.  29, 
Nov.  5, 
Nov.  12, 
May  16, 
June  9, 
July  28, 
Aug.  15, 
Oct.  26, 
Nov.  1, 
Dec.  9, 
Dec.  28, 
Apr.  30, 
May  31, 
June  2, 
June  6, 
Oct,    1, 


55 
'55 
'55 
'55 
'55 
"56 
•56 
'56 
•50 
'5'< 
'56 
'56 
'56 
"56 
'56 
'57 
'57 
'57 
'57 
'53 
'58 
'58 
•53 
'58 
'58 
'58 
'58 
'59 
'59 
'59 
'59 
'59 
40 


Pittsburgh 

En  route  to  Jefferson  Barracks  . . 

Jefferson  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Fort  Clark. 

Fort  Clark , 

Field-service  ............. 

Fort  Clark , 

Field-service , 

Fort  Clark 

Field-service 

Fort  Clark 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Camp  near  Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Fort  Clark 

Fort  Clark 

En  route  to  Camp  Radziminski . 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 


Pennsylv; 
Missouri. 


Texas 


C.  N. 

Texas 
C.  N. 
Texas 
C.  N. 
Texas 


Aug.  17, 
Aug.  24, 
Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
Feb.  14, 
Mar.  4, 
Apr.  20, 
May  II, 
Aug.  1, 
Aug.  12, 
Aug.  20, 
Sept.  8, 
July  21, 
Aug.  29, 
Nov.  5, 
Nov.  12, 
May  16, 
June  9, 
July  28, 
Aug.  15, 
Oct.  26, 
Nov.  1, 
Dec.  9, 
Dec.  28, 
Apr.  30, 
May  31, 
June  2, 
June  6, 
Oct.  1, 
Nov.  19, 


55- 
'55- 
'55- 
'55- 
'56. 
'56. 
•56. 
•56. 
'56. 
'56, 
•56. 
'56. 
'56. 
'56. 
'57- 
'57- 
'57- 
'57- 
'58. 
'58. 
*58. 
'58. 
'58. 
'58. 
•58. 
'58. 
'59- 
■'59- 
'59- 
'59- 
'59- 
'59. 


APPENDIX. 


Nov.  19,  '59 
■Nov.  27,  '59 
Dec.  20,  '59 
Feb.  7,  '60 
Feb.  9,  '60 
Feb.  25,  '61 
Mar.  2,  '61 
Mar.  19,  '61 
Apr.  27,  '61 
June  1,  '61 
Sept.  30,  '61 
Mar.  10,  '62 
May  31,  '65 
July  14,  '66 
July  15,  '66 
Aug.  28,  '66 
Aug.  29,  '66 
Apr.  26,  '67 
Apr.  30,  '67 
Oct.  16,  '68 
Oct.  19,  '68 
Nov.  1,  '68 
Nov.  3,  '68 
Apr.  12,  '69 
May  23,  '69 
June  9,  '69 
Nov.  30,  '69 
Apr.  23,  '70 
Oct.  6,  '70 
Nov.  24,  '71 
Nov.  25,  '71 
Dec.  12,  '71 
Jan.  31,  '72 
June  27,  '72 
Feb.  5,  '73 
Apr.  19,  '73 
Apr.  23,  '73 
May  25,  '73 
June  6,  '73 
June  9,  '73 
June  22,  '73 
Aug.  5,  '73 
Aug.  10,  '73 
Aug.  12,  '73 
Sept.  3,   '73 


Company  C — Continued* 

Camp  Cooper T 

En  route  to  Camp  Lawson 

Camp  Lawson 

En  route  to  Fort  Inge ...    

Fort  Inge 

Field-service 

Fort  Inge 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks Pennsylvania. 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service Va.,  Md 

Washington D.  C 

Field-service Va. ,  Md. ,  Pa. 

Washington D.  C 

En  route  to  Leesbarg Virginia 

Leesburg *' 

En  route  to  Washington D.  C 

Washington 

En  route  to  Atlanta Georgia. 

Atlanta 

En  route  to  Athens 

Athens 

En  route  to  Atlanta 

Atlanta 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson Nebraska. 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service Neb.,  Kan. 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell Wyoming. 

Field-service Wyo.,  Neb. . . 

Sidney  Barracks Nebraska. 

En  route  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell Wyoming 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell Arizona  Ter. 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell .... 

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Apache 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 


Nov.  27 

'59- 

Dec.  20 

'59- 

Feb.  7, 

'60. 

Feb.  9, 

'60. 

Feb. 25 

'61. 

Mar.  2, 

•61. 

Mar.  19 

'61. 

Apr.  27 

'61. 

June  1, 

•61. 

Sept.  30 

'61. 

Mar.  10 

•62. 

May  31 

'65- 

July  14, 

'66. 

July  15, 

'66. 

Aug.  2  3 

'66. 

Aug.  29 

'66. 

Apr.  26 

'67. 

Apr.  30, 

•67. 

Oct.  16, 

'68. 

Oct.  19, 

'68. 

Nov.  i, 

'68. 

Nov.  3, 

'68. 

Apr.  12, 

•69. 

May  23, 

'69, 

June  9, 

'69. 

Nov.  30 

69. 

Apr.  23, 

'70. 

Oct.  6, 

'70. 

Nov.  24, 

'71. 

Nov.  25, 

'71- 

Dec.  12, 

'71. 

Jan.  31, 

'72. 

June  27, 

'72. 

Feb.  5, 

'73- 

Apr.  19, 

'73- 

Apr.  23, 

'73. 

May  25, 

'73- 

June  6, 

'73- 

June  9, 

'73- 

June  22, 

'73- 

Aug.  5, 

'73- 

Aug.  10, 

'73- 

Aug.  12, 

'73- 

Sept.  3, 

'73- 

Sept.  9, 

'73- 

APPENDIX. 


627 


Company  C — Continued. 


Sept.  9,  '73 
Nov.  2,  '73 
Dec.  5,  '73 
Jan.  20,  '74 
Nov.  5,  '74 
Nov.  14,  '74 
Jan.  24,  '75 
Feb.  i,  '75 
May  1,  '75 
July  16,  '75 
Aug.  14,  '75 
Sept.  3 
Nov.  15,  '75 
Mar.  11,  '76 
June  4, 
Nov.  7, 
July  25, 
July  27, 
Aug.  15, 
Aug.  17, 
Aug.  30, 
Nov.  3, 
Jan.  ii, 
Feb.  3, 
Mar.  29, 
Apr.  14, 
June  7, 
July  21, 
Sept.  18, 
Oct.  6, 
Nov.  29 
Apr.  27 
May  1, 
Nov, 
Dec.  1 
Mar.  1 
Mar.  1 
Mar.  2 
Mar.  2 


'76 
'76 
'77 
77 
77 
77 
77 
'77 
'73 
73 
73 
'78 
'78 
•78 
!,'79 
'79 
79 
'So 

'8o 


20. 


Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

San  Carlos  Agency 

En  route  to  Camp  Lowell 

Camp  Lowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Lowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Supply 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Fort  McPherson 

En  rotite  to  Chicago 

Chicago 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field-service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field  service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field-service 

Camp  near  Fort  McKinney 

Fort  McKinney 

Field  service  (Ute  Expedition) 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Fort  Sidney 

Fort  Sidney 

Field-service 

Fort  Sidney 

En  route  to  Omaha 

Omaha 

En  route  to  Fort  Sidney 

Fort  Sidney 


Arizona  Ter. , 


Indian  Ter. 


Texas,  I.  T.. 
Indian  Ter. ., 


Nebraska 
Illinois. . . 


Nebraska. 


Wyoming . . 


Wyoming . 
Nebraska., 


Nov.  2, 
Dec.  5, 
Jan.  20, 
Nov.  5, 
Nov.  14, 
Jan.  24, 
Feb.  i, 
May  1, 
July  16, 
Aug.  14, 
Sept.  3, 
Nov.  15, 
Mar.  11, 
June  4, 
Nov.  7, 
July  25, 
July  27, 
Aug.  15, 
Aug.  17, 
Aug.  30, 
Nov.  3, 
Jan.  11, 
Feb.  3, 
Mar.  29, 
Apr.  14, 
June  7, 
July  21, 
Sept.  18, 
Oct.  6, 
Nov.  29, 
Apr.  27, 
May  1, 
Nov.  20, 
Dec.  10, 
Mar.  10, 
Mar.  11, 
Mar.  20, 
Mar.  21, 


73- 
73- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'75- 
'75- 
'75- 
75- 
'75- 
'75- 
'75- 
'76. 
'76. 
'76. 
'77- 
'77- 
'77- 
'77 
'77- 
'77- 
78. 
'78. 
'78. 
'78. 
'78. 
'78. 
'79- 
'79- 
'79- 
'8o. 
'80. 
'81. 
'81. 

'32. 

'82. 
'82. 
'82. 


COMPANY  D. 

June  19,  '55  I  Jefferson  Barracks I  Missouri |  Oct.  27.  '55. 

Oct.  27,   '55  J  En  route  to  Fort  Belknap |  Texas |  Dec.  27,  '55. 


628 


APPENDIX. 


Company   D — Continued. 


Dec.  27,  '55 
Jan.  2,  '56 
Jan.  14,  '56 
July  3.  '56 
July  8,  '56 
Oct.  29,  '57 
Nov.  3,  '57 
Jan.  25,  '58 
Feb.  24,  '58 
May  20,  '58 
May  28,  '58 
June  22,  '58 
July  3.  '58 
Sept.  27,  '58 
Sept.  28,  '58 
Nov.  7,  '58 
Nov.  8,  '58 
Feb.  23,  '59 
Feb.  24, 
June  22, 
Aug.  22, 
Oct.  1, 
Nov.  22, 
July  23, 
Aug.  30, 
Feb.  2i, 
Apr.  17, 
July  31, 
Sept.  22, 
Mar.  10, 
May  31, 
Oct.  25, 
Nov.  1, 
Nov.  14. 
Dec.  14 
Dec.  28 
July  9. 
July  13 
Sept.  11 
Oct.  30 
Apr. 
Apr. 
May 
May 
Mar. 


'59 

'59 

59 

'59 

'59 

'60 

'60 

61 

'6 1 

'61 

'61 

'62 

'65 

'^5 

'65 

'65 

.'65 

,  '65 

'66 

_,  '66 

11,  '66 

30,  '66 

25,  '67 

30,  "67 
2,   '67 

4.   '67 

31,  '69 


Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

En  rottte  to  Camp  Verde 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

P^ield-service 

Camp  Verde 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason. 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. . . . 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper. . . . 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-servioe 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Washington . 

Washington 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Washington 

En  route  to  Edgefield 

Edgefield 

Nashville 

Field-service 

Nashville 

En  route  to  Memphis 

Memphis 

Field  service 

Nashville 

En  route  to  Vicksburg 

Vicksburg 

En  route  to  Jackson 

Jackson  

En  route  to  Omaha  Barracks. 


Texas 


Texas, 
Texas 


Ark 


D.  C. 


Va.,  Md 

D.  C 

Va.,  Md.,  Pa. 
D.  C 

Tennessee. . . . 


Mississippi. 


Nebraska 


Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
July  3. 
July  8, 
Oct.  29, 
Nov.  3, 
Jan.  25, 
Feb.  24, 
May  20, 
May  28, 
June  22, 
July  3, 
Sept.  27, 
Sept.  28, 
Nov.  7, 
Nov.  8, 
Feb.  23, 
Feb.  24, 
June  22, 
Aug.  22, 
Oct.  1, 
Nov.  22, 
July  23, 
Aug.  30, 
Feb.  21, 
Apr.  17, 
July  gi, 
Sept.  22, 
Mar.  10, 
May  31, 
Oct.  25, 
Nov.  1, 
Nov.  14, 
Dec.  14, 
Dec.  28, 
July  9. 
July  13. 
Sept.  11, 
Oct.  30, 
Apr.  25, 
Apr.  30, 
May  2, 
May  4, 
Mar.  31, 
Apr.  18, 


APPENDIX. 


629 


Company  D — Continued. 


Apr.  18,  '69 
Apr.  27,  '69 
June  6,  '69 
June  24,  '69 
Oct.  28,  '69 
Dec.  26,  '69 
Dec.  28,  '69 
May  17,  '70 
Aug.  26,  '70 
Sept.  19,  '70 
Oct.  10,  '70 
Dec.  12,  '71 
Feb.  11,  '72 
Aug.  19,  '72 
Nov.  17,  '72 
July  9.  '73 
Aug.  2,  '73 
July  27,  '75 
Sept.  13,  '75 
Nov.  6,  '75 
Nov.  13,  '75 
June  5,  '76 
Oct.  31,  '76 
Aug.  31,  '77 
Oct.  26,  '77 
May  15,  '78 
Dec.  11,  '78 
Jan.  20,  '79 
Feb.  28,  '79 
Sept.  19,  '79 
Nov.  29,  '79 
Apr.  5,  '80 
Apr.  22,  '8o 


Omaha  Barracks 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  Bowie 

Camp  Bowie 

Field-service 

Camp  Bowie 

Field-service 

Camp  Bowie 

En  route  to  Fort  Hays 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service 

Fort  Hays 

Field  service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Sidney  Barracks 

Field-service 

Sidney  Barracks 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service  (Ute  Expedition). . 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Fort  Niobrara 

Fort  Niobrara , 


Nebraska 


Neb.,  Col. 
Wyoming . 


Wyo.,Neb. 
Wyoming . . 


Arizona  Ter. . . 


Kansas 


Nebraska  . 
Wyoming  . 
Nebraska  . 
Wyoming . 


Wyo.,  Neb. 
Wyoming  . . 


Wyoming 
Nebraska  , 


Apr.  27,  '69, 
June  6,  '69. 
June  24,  '69. 
Oct.  28,  '69. 
Dec.  26,  '69. 
Dec.  28,  '69. 
May  17,  '70. 
Aug.  26,  '70. 
Sept.  19,  '70 
Oct.  10,  '70. 
Dec.  12,  '71. 
Feb.  11,  '72. 
Aug.  19,  '72. 
Nov.  17,  '72. 
July  9,  '73- 
Aug.  2,  '73. 
July  27,  '75- 

Sept.  13,  '75- 

Nov.  6,  '75. 

Nov.  13,  '75. 

June  5,  '76. 

Oct.  31,  '76. 

Aug.  31,  '77- 

Oct.  26,  '77. 

May  15,  '78. 

Dec.  11,  '78. 

Jan.  20,  '79. 

Feb.  28,  '79. 

Sept.  19,  '79. 

Nov.  29,  '79. 

Apr.    5,  '80. 

Apr.  22,  '80. 


COMPANY  E. 


Apr.  30, 
Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Dec.  31, 
Jan.  3, 
July  1, 
July   19, 


Jefferson  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 


Missouri. 
Texas  . . . 


Oct.  27,  '55. 
Dec.  27,  '55. 
Dec.  31,  '55. 
Jan.  3,  '56. 
July  1,  "57. 
July  19,  '57. 
June  29,  '58-. 


630 


APPENDIX. 


Company  E — Continued. 


June  29,  '58 
June  30,  '58 
July  29,  '58 
Aug.  3,  '58 
Mar.  10,  '59 
Apr.  I,  '59 
Apr.  14,  '59 
Apr.  30,  '59 

June   4,    '59 

Mar.  20,  '61 
Apr.  13,  '61 
May  1,  '61 
July  31,  '61 
Mar.  10,  '62 
June  5,  '65 
Oct  23,  '65 
Oct.  29,  '65 
Nov.  14,  '65 
Nov.  14,  '65 
July  9,  '66 
July  13,  '66 
July  23,  '66 
July  23,  '66 
Sept.  3,  '66 
Sept.  22,  '66 
Nov.  27,  '66 
Nov.  29,  '66 
Mar.  10,  '67 
Mar.  20,  '67 
Apr.  25,  '67 
Apr.  30,  '67 
May  3,  '67 
May  3,  '67 
July  2,  '67 
July  4.  '67 
Oct.  8,  '67 
Oct.  10,  '67 
Mar.  31,  '69 
Apr.  18,  '69 
Apr.  27,  '69 
May    31,  '69 

June  9,  '69 
July  23,    '69 


En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Colorado. . 

Camp  Colorado 

En  route  to  Camp  Hudson. . . 

Camp  Hudson 

En  route  to  Camp  Van  Camp . 
Camp  Van  Camp 

Field-service 


En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks. 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Edgefield 

Edgefield 

En  route  to  Nashville 

Nashville 

En  route  to  Memphis 

Memphis  ....    

En  route  to  Grenada 

Grenada 

En  route  to  Nashville 

Nashville 

En  route  to  Morganton 

Morganton 

En  route  to  Nashville 

Nashville 

En  route  to  Vicksburg 

Vicksburg 

En  route  to  Big  Black  River. . 

Big  Black  River 

En  route  to  Yazoo  City 

Yazoo  City 

En  route  to  Jackson 

Jackson 

En  route  to  Omaha  Barracks. 

Omaha  Barracks 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 


Fort  McPherson. 


Texas 


f  Tex.,N.M., 
\      Mexico. 
Pennsylvania. 

Va.,  Md.  . 

D.  C 

Va.,Md., 

Maryland. 
Tennessee 


Mississippi 
Tennessee 
Georgia . . . 
Tennessee 
Mississippi 


Nebraska 


(  Neb.Wyo., 
(      Kan. 
Nebraska  . . . . 


'65. 
•65. 
'65- 
'65. 


TO. 

June  30,  '58. 
July  29,  '58. 
Aug.  3, 
Mar.  10, 
Apr.  I, 
Apr.  14,  '59. 
Apr.  30,  59. 
June  4,   '59. 

Mar.  20, 

Apr.  13,  '61 
May  i,  '61 
July  31,  '6i 
Mar.  10,  '62 
June  5,  '65 
Oct.  23,  *" 
Oct.  29, 
Nov.  14, 
Nov.  14, 
July  9. 
July  13, 
July  23, 
July  23, 
Sept.  3, 
Sept.  22, 
Nov.  27, 
Nov.  29, 
Mar.  10, 
Mar.  20, 
Apr.  25, 
Apr.  30 
May  3 
May  3 
July  2 
July  4 
Oct.  8, 
Oct. 
Mar 
Apr. 
Apr 
May 
June 


'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
•66. 
*66. 
"66. 
'67. 
'67. 
•67. 
',  '67- 
•67. 
'67. 
•67. 
'67. 
'67- 
'67. 
1,  '69. 

8,  '69. 
'69. 

31,  '69. 

9,  '69. 


10 


27 


July  23, 
Aug.  21, 


•69. 
•69. 


APPENDIX. 


031 


COMPANY  E— Continued. 


Aug.   21,  '69 
Nov.  13.  '69 
Apr.   15,  '70 
Aug.  26,  '70 
Sept.  19,  '70 
Oct.   11,  '70 
Dec.    12,  '71 
Feb.   11,  '72 
June  24,  '72 
July    6,    '72 
Dec.    2,    '72 
Mar.  24,  '73 
May  19,  '73 
May  25,  '73 
June  26,  '73 
June  29,  '73 
Apr.    8,  '74 
Apr.    12,  '74 
Apr.  25,  '74 
Apr.  30,  '74 
May  14,  '74 
May  23,  '74 
May  31,  '74 
June    3,    '74 
Sept.  19,  '74 
Sept.  21,  '74 
Mar.   6,    '75 
Mar.  12,  '75 
Apr.  20,  '75 
June  29,  '75 
Oct.  28,   '75 
Nov.    5,  '75 
May   16,  '76 
June    5,    '76 
July  17,  '76 
Nov.    7,  '76 
July  26,  '77 
July  27,  '77 
Aug.    5,  '77 
Aug.    6,  '77 
Aug.  30,  '77 
Nov.    3,  '77 
Mar.  29,  '78 
Apr.   14,  '78 
June    7,   '78 


Field-service Neb.,  Wyo, 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell Wyoming 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  Date  Creek. Arizona  Ter. 

Camp  Date  Creek 

Field-service 

Camp  Date  Creek 

Field-service  

Camp  Date  Creek 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell . . 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field  service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Fort  Hays 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service 

Fort  Hays 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 
Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Omaha  Barracks 

Omaha  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field  service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field-service  


Kansas. 


Nebraska. 


Wyoming. 


Nov.  T3,  '69. 
Apr.  15,  '70. 
Aug.  26,  '70. 
Sept.  19,  '70. 
Oct.  11,  '70. 
Dec.  12,  '71. 
Feb.  11,  '72. 
June  24,  '72. 
July    6,  '72. 
Dec.   2,  '72. 
Mar.  24,  '73. 
May  19,  '73- 
May  25,  '73. 
June  26,  '73. 
June  29,  '73. 
Apr.  8,  '74- 
Apr.  12,  '74- 
Apr.  25,  '74- 
Apr.  30,  '74. 
May  14,  '74- 
May  23,  '74. 
May  31,  '74- 
June  3,  '74- 
Sept.  19,  '74- 
Sept.  21,  '74- 
Mar.  6,  '75. 
Mar.  12,  '75. 
Apr.  20,  '75. 
June  29,  '75- 
Oct.  28,  '75- 
Nov.   5,  '75- 
May  16,  '76. 
June  5,  '76. 
July  17,  '76- 
Nov.  7,  '76. 
July  26,  '77- 
July  27,  '77- 
Aug.  5,  '77- 
Aug.  6,  '77. 
Aug.  30,  '77- 
Nov.  3,  '77- 
Mar.  29,  '78. 
Apr.  14,  '78. 
June  7,  '78. 
July  21,  '78. 


632 


APPENDIX. 


Company  E— Continued. 


July  21,  '78  Camp  near  Fort  McKinney. . . 

Oct.    6,    '79  Field-service  (Ute  Expedition). 

Nov.  29,  '79     Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Apr.   27,  '80     En  route  to  Fort  Sidney 

May     1,  '80     Fort  Sidney 

Mar.  10,  '82     En  route  to  Omaha 

Mar.  ri,  '82     Omaha 

Mar.  20,  '82     En  route  to  Fort  Sidney 

Mar.  21,  '82     Fort  Sidney 

June  15,  '82  En  route  to  Fort  McKinney. . . 

July    2,    '82     Fort  McKinney 


Wyoming . 


Wyoming. 
Nebraska.. 


Wyoming. 


TO. 

Oct.  6,  '79. 
Nov.  29,  '79. 
Apr.  27,  '80. 
May  1,  '80. 
Mar.  10/82. 
Mar.  11,  '82. 
Mar.  20,  '82. 
Mar.  21,  'S2. 
June  15,  '82. 
July   2,    '82. 


June  5,  '55 
Oct.  27,  '55 
Dec.  27,  '55 
Dec.  31,  '55 
Jan.  3,  '56 
June  12,  '56 
July  23,  '56 
July  28,  '56 
Aug.  2,  '56 
Dec.  16,  '56 
Dec.  28,  '56 
Feb.  22,  '57 
Mar.  1,  '57 
May  18,  '57 
June  14,  '57 
Sept.  28,  '57 
Oct.  28,  '57 
Feb.  12,  '58 
Feb.  21,  '58 
Sept.  15,  '58 
Sept.  23,  '58 
Sept.  29,  '58 
Oct.  10,  '58 
Oct.  28,  '58 
Nov.  14,  '58 
Apr.  30,  '59 
May  31,  '59 
Aug.  6,  '59 
Aug.  11,  '59 
Oct.    1,    '59 


COMPANY  F. 

Jefferson  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Camp  Colorado 

Camp  Colorado 

Field-service 

Camp  Colorado 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Radziminski. . . 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field  service 

Camp  Radziminski 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 


Mis 

Te: 

C. 

souri 

:as 

N 

Te 
C. 

Te 
C. 
Te 
C. 
Te 

cas 

N 

cas 

N 

cas 

N 

cas 

Oct.  27,  '55- 
Dec.  27,  '55. 
Dec.  31,  '55. 
Jan.  3,  '56. 
June  12,  '56. 
July  23,  '56. 
July  28,  '56. 
Aug.  2,  '56. 
Dec.  16,  '56. 
Dec.  28,  '56. 
Feb.  22,  '57. 
Mar.  1,  '57. 
May  18,  '57. 
June  14,  '57. 
Sept.  28,  '57. 
Oct.  28,  '57. 
Feb.  12,  '58. 
Feb.  21,  '58. 
Sept.  15,  '58. 
Sept.  23,  '58. 
Sept.  29,  '58. 
Oct.  10,  '58. 
Oct.  28,  '58. 
Nov.  14,  '58. 
Apr.  30,  '59. 
May  31,  '59. 
Aug.  6,  "59. 
Aug.  11,  '59. 
Oct.  1,  '59. 
Nov.  22,  '59. 


APPENDIX. 


633 


Company   F—  Continued. 


NOV.   22, 

'59 

Nov.  27, 

'59 

Dec.   g, 

'59 

Dec.  22, 

'59 

Dec.  27, 

'59 

Jan.  30. 

•60 

Feb.  25. 

'60 

Apr.  22, 

'60 

June  10, 

'60 

July  22, 

'60 

Aug.  24, 

'6o 

Mar.  29, 

'6i 

Apr.   27, 

'6 1 

June    1, 

'61 

Sept.  14, 

'61 

Mar.  10, 

'62 

May    7, 

'65 

Mar.    i, 

'66 

Mar.    2, 

'66 

Apr.    28, 

'66 

Apr.   29, 

'66 

May   3, 

'67 

May  12, 

'67 

Sept.   8, 

'68 

Sept.  25, 

'68 

Oct.    i, 

'68 

May  20, 

'69 

July  24, 

'69 

Oct.   10, 

•69 

Oct.  22, 

'69 

Oct.  31, 

'69 

Apr.  10, 

'70 

Sept.  11, 

'70 

Oct.  18, 

'70 

Nov.    8, 

'70 

Mar.   10, 

'71 

Mar.   13, 

'71 

May  20 , 

'7i 

May  21, 

*7i 

May  31, 

'71 

June    4, 

'71 

Sept.  20 

'71 

Oct.  10, 

'71 

Nov.  27, 

'7i 

Jan.    8, 

'72 

Camp  Cooper    

£"«  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks. 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Washington 

En  route  to  New  Market .... 

New  Market 

En  route  to  Winchester 

Winchester 

En  route  to  Richmond 

Richmond 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker 

Fort  Harker 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson   

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

North  Platte 

Field-service 

North  Platte 

Field-service 

North  Platte 

Field-service 

North  Platte 

Field-service 

North  Platte 

Field  service 

North  Platte 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell. 
Camp  McDowell 


Texas 


Pennsylvania . . 


Va.,  Md 

D.  C 

Va.,  Md.,  Pa. 

D.C 

Virginia 


Kansas. 


Kan.,  Neb... 

Nebraska 

Neb.,  Wyo... 

Nebraska 

Kan.,  Neb. . . 
Nebraska 


Arizona  Ter. . 


Nov.  27, 

59- 

Dec.  9, 

59- 

Dec.  22, 

59- 

Dec.  27, 

59. 

Jan.  30, 

60. 

Feb.  25, 

60. 

Apr.  22, 

60. 

June  10, 

60. 

July  22, 

60. 

Aug.  24, 

60. 

Mar.  29, 

61. 

Apr.  27, 

61. 

June   1, 

•61. 

Sept.  14, 

'61. 

Mar.  10, 

■62. 

May  7, 

65. 

Mar.  1, 

'66. 

Mar.  2, 

'66. 

Apr.  28, 

66. 

Apr.  29, 

'66. 

May    3, 

67. 

May  12, 

'67. 

Sept.  8, 

'68. 

Sept.  25, 

68. 

Oct.    1, 

'68. 

May  20, 

'69. 

July  24, 

•69. 

Oct.   10, 

'69. 

Oct.  22, 

•69. 

Oct.  31, 

•69. 

Apr.  10, 

•70. 

Sept.  11, 

70. 

Oct.  18, 

70. 

Nov.  8, 

'7'J. 

Mar.  10, 

'71. 

Mar.  13, 

'7i 

May  20, 

'71- 

May  21, 

7i. 

May  31, 

'71- 

June    4, 

'71. 

Sept.  20, 

'7i- 

Oct.  10, 

'71. 

Nov.  27, 

'7i. 

Jan.    8, 

•72. 

Jan.  24, 

'72. 

634 


APPENDIX. 


COMPANY    F — Continued. 


Jan.  24,  '72 
Jan.  31,  '72 
May  i,  '72 
May  15,  '72 
June  14,  '72 
June  15,  '72 
July  13,  '72 
July  14,  '72 
July  26,  '72 
July  29,  '72 
Aug.  io,  '72 
Aug.  16,  '72 
Aug.  28,  '72 
Aug.  29,  '72 
Sept.  13,  '72 
Sept.  16,  '72 
Sept.  30,  '72 
Sept.  30,  '72 
Oct.  25,  '72 
Oct.  26,  '72 
Nov.  1,  '72 
Nov.  5,  '72 
Nov.  14,  '72 
Nov.  16,  '72 
Jan.  22,  '73 
May  5,  '73 
May  29,  '73 
July  8,  '73 
Sept.  15,  '73 
Nov.  13,  '73 
Feb.  13,  '74 
Apr.  16,  '74 
May  12,  '74 
July  10,  '74 
May  2,  '75 
July  10,  '75 
Aug.  24,  '75 
Sept.  4,  '75 
Oct.  29,  '75 
Nov.  2,  '75 
Nov.  6,  '75 
Nov.  12,  '75 
May  19,  '76 
May  25,  '76 
July   17,  '76 


En  route  to  Tucson 

Tucson 

Field-service 

Tucson 

En  route  to  Camp  Crittenden. . . . 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field  service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Crittenden 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant , 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  Fort  Dodge 

Fort  Dodge 

Field-service 

Fort  Dodge 

Field-service 

Fort  Dodge 

Field-service 

Fort  Dodge 

Field-service , 

Fort  Dodge 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 


Arizona  Ter. 


Kansas 


Jan.  31,  '72. 
May  1,  '72. 
May  15,  '72. 
June  14,  '72. 
June  15,  '72. 
July  13,  '72. 
July  14,  '72. 
July  26,  '72. 
July  29,  '72. 
Aug.  10,  '72. 
Aug.  16,  '72. 
Aug.  28,  '72. 
Aug.  29,  '72. 
Sept.  13,  '72. 
Sept.  16,  '72. 
Sept.  30,  72. 
Sept.  30,  '72. 
Oct.  25,  72. 
Oct.  26,  '72. 
Nov.  I,  '72. 
Nov.  5,  '72. 
Nov.  14,  '72. 

Nov.  16,  72. 
Jan.  22,  '73. 

May   5,  '73- 

May  29,  '73. 

July   8,   '73. 

Sept.  15,  73. 

Nov.  13,  '73. 

Feb.  13,  74- 

Apr.  16,  '74. 

May  12,  '74. 

July  10,  '74. 

May  2,   75. 

July  10,  '75. 

Aug.  24,  '75. 

Sept.  4,  '75- 

Oct.  29,  '75. 

Nov.   2,  75. 

Nov.  6,  '75. 

Nov.  12,  '75. 

May  19,  '76. 

May  25,  '76. 

July  17,  '76. 

Nov.  2,  '76. 


APPENDIX. 


635 


Company   F — Continued. 


Nov.    2, 

•76 

Feb.    9, 

'77 

Feb.   13, 

'77 

Aug.  30, 

'77 

Oct.  25, 

'77 

Jan.    6, 

'78 

Jan.  24, 

•78 

May  15, 

•78 

Dec.   11, 

'73 

Jan.  20, 

'79 

Feb.  28, 

'79 

Sept.  19, 

'7') 

Nov.  29, 

'79 

Apr.     5, 

'80 

Apr.  22, 

'80 

Aug.    10, 

'82 

Aug.  12, 

'82 

Nov.  12, 

'82 

Nov.  12, 

'82 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell   

Field-service 

Fort  Fred  Steele 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service  (Ute  Expedition).  . 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Fort  Niobrara 

Fort  Niobrara 

En  route  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell. 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Fort  Sidney 

I  Fort  Sidney 


Wyoming  , 


Utah,  Idaho. 
Wyoming  . .  . 


Wyo.,  Neb. 
Wyoming . . 


Wyoming  . . 
Nebraska. . 


Wyoming  . . 
Nebraska  . . 


Feb.  9, 
Feb.  13, 
Aug.  30, 
Oct.  25, 
Jan.  6, 
Jan.  24, 
May  15, 
Dec.  11, 
Jan.  20, 
Feb.  28, 
Sept.  19. 
Nov.  29, 
Apr.  5, 
Apr.  22, 
Aug.  10, 
Aug.  12, 
Nov.  12, 
Nov.  12, 


June  30,  '55 
Oct.  27,  '55 
Dec.  27,  '55 
Jan.  2,  '56 
Jan.  14,  '56 
June  12,  '56 
July  23,  '56 
Nov.  18,  '56 
Dec.  13,  '56 
Dec.  16,  '56 
May  15.  '57 
July  5,  '57 
Aug.  8,  '57 
Nov.  9,  '57 
Dec.  2i,  '57 
June  26,  '58 

July    7,    '58 

July  29,  "58 
Aug.  6,  '58 
Oct.    6,    '58 


COMPANY  G. 

Jefferson  Barracks 

En  rotite  to  Fort  Belknap 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service • 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

En  rotite  to  Clear  Fork  of  Brazos. 
(    Camp  Iverson,  near  Clear  Fork 

!        of  Brazos 

En  route  to  Fort  Chadbourne 

Fort  Chadbourne 

Field-service 


Missouri 
Texas  . . 


Oct.  27, 
Dec.  27, 
Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
June  12, 
July  23, 
Nov  18, 
Dec.  13, 
Dec.  16, 
May  15, 
July  5. 
Aug.  8. 
Nov.  9, 
Dec.  21, 
June  26, 
July    7, 


July  29,  '58. 

Aug.  6,  '58. 
Oct.  6,  '58. 
Oct.  16. 


636 


APPENDIX. 


Company  G — Continued. 


Oct.  16,  '58 
Nov.  16,  '58 
Dec.  2,  '58 
Dec.  12,  '58 
Dec.  22,  '58 
Apr.  30,  '59 
May  31,  '59 
June  1,  '59 
June  25,  '59 
July  18,  '59 
Aug  2i,  '59 
Oct.  1,  '59 
Nov.  19,  '59 
Nov.  25,  '59 
Dec.  19,  '59 
Feb.  18,  '60 
Mar.  20,  '61 
Apr.  13,  '61 
May  1,  '61 
July  31,  '61 
Mar.  10,  '62 
June  5,  '65 
Jan.  3,  '66 
Jan.  5,  '66 
Apr.  26,  '67 
May  2,  '67 
Aug.  5,  '68 
Aug.  6,  '68 
Apr.  12,  '69 
May  23,  '69 
June  9,  '69 
Nov.  30,  '69 
Apr.  22,  '70 
Nov.  11,  '70 
May  23,  '71 
May  27,  '71 
Sept.  23,  '71 
Oct.  10,  '71 
Nov.  27,  '71 
Jan.  8,  '72 
Jan.  20,  '72 
Feb.  5,  '72 
Dec.  20,  '72 
Dec.  29,  '72 
Jan.    6,    '73 


Fort  Chadbourne 

En  route  to  Camp  Radziminski . . 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field  service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Fort  Inge 

Field-service 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks. . . . 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

En  route  to  Montgomery , 

Montgomery 

En  route  to  Atlanta , 

Atlanta 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson. . . 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell. . . 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 


Texas  . 
C.  N.. 

Texas. 
C.  N.. 
Texas  . 
C.  N.. 
Texas  , 
C.  N., 
Texas  , 


Texas,   Mex.. 
Pennsylvania., 


Va.,  Md 

D.  C 

Va.,  Md.,  Pa. 
Maryland. . . . 
D.  C 


Alabama. 


Georgia. 


Nebraska 


Kan.,  Neb. 
Wyoming. . 
Wyo.,  Neb. 
Nebraska  . . 


Arizona  Ter. 


Nov.  16, 
Dec.  2, 
Dec.  12, 
Dec.  22, 
Apr.  30, 
May  31, 
June  1, 
June  25, 
July  18, 
Aug.  21, 
Oct.    1, 
Nov.  19, 
Nov.  25, 
Dec.  19, 
Feb.  18, 
Mar.  20, 
Apr.  13, 
May  1, 
July  31. 
Mar.  10, 
June  5, 
Jan.    3, 
Jan.    5, 
Apr.  26, 
May    2, 
Aug.  5, 
Aug.  6, 
Apr.  12, 
May  23, 
June  9, 
Nov.  30, 
Apr.  22, 
Nov.  11, 
May  23, 
May  27, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  10, 
Nov.  27, 
Jan.    8, 
Jan.  20, 
Feb.  5, 
Dec.  20, 
Dec.  29, 
Jan.  6, 
June  6, 


58. 

58. 
58. 
58. 

59- 
'59- 
'59- 
59- 
59- 
'59- 
'59- 
'59- 
'59- 
'59- 
'60. 
'61. 
'61. 
'61. 
•61. 
'62. 

•65. 
'66. 
'66. 
'67. 
'67- 
'68. 
'68. 
'69. 
'69. 
•69. 
'69. 
'70. 
•70. 
'7i. 
'7i- 
'7i- 
'7i. 
'71- 
'72. 
'72. 
'72. 
'72. 
'72. 
'73- 
*73- 


APPENDIX. 


637 


Company  G — Continued. 


June  6,  '73 
June  g,  '73 
June  19,  '73 
June  22,  '73 
July  13,  '73 
July  27,  '73 
July  28,  '73 
Sept.  25,  '73 
Nov.  4,  '73 
Nov.  16,  '73 
Dec.  22,  '73 
Jan.  4,  '74 
Jan.  17,  '74 
Feb.  20,  '74 
Apr.  21,  '74 
July  1,  '75 
Sept.  24,  '75 
Oct.  30,  '75 
Nov.  12,  '75 
Jan.  19,  '76 
Jan.  26,  '76 
May  25,  '76 
June  2,  '76 
June  9,  '76 
Nov.  7,  '76 
July  25,  '77 
July  27,  '77 
Aug.  15,  '77 
Aug.  17,  '77 
Aug.  27,'  77 
Sept.  4,  '77 
Sept.  10,  '78 
Sept.  22,  '78 
Aug.  6,  '79 
Oct.  23,  '79 
May  13,  '80 
June  2,  '80 
May  22,  '82 
June    6,  '82 


Camp  Date  Creek 

Field-service 

Camp  Date  Creek 

Field  service 

Camp  Date  Creek 

En  route  to  Fort  Whipple 

Fort  Whipple 

Field-service  

Fort  Whipple 

Field-service 

Fort  Whipple 

Field-service 

Fort  Whipple 

Field-service 

Fort  Whipple  , 

En  route  to  Camp  Supply 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service 

Camp  Supply 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Chicago 

Chicago 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Fort  Washakie 

Fort  Washakie 

Field-service 

Fort  Washakie 

Field-service 

Fort  Washakie 

En  route  to  Fort  Laramie 

Fort  Laramie 

En  route  to  Fort  Washakie 

Fort  Washakie 


Arizona  Ter 


Indian  Ter 


Nebraska 
Illinois  . . 

Nebraska 

Wyoming 


June  9,  '73. 
June  19,  '73. 
June  22,  '73. 
July  13.  '73- 
July  27,  '73. 

July  28,  '73. 
Sept.  25,  '73. 
Nov.  4,  '73. 
Nov.  16,  '73. 
Dec.  22,  '73. 
Jan.  4,  '74. 
Jan.  17,  '74. 
Feb.  20,  '74. 
Apr.  21,  '74. 

July  1,  '75. 

Sept.  24, '75. 
Oct.  30,  '75. 
Nov.  12,  '75. 
Jan.  19,  '76. 
Jan.  26,  '76. 
May  25,  '76. 
June  2,  '76. 
June  9,  '76. 
Nov.  7,  '76. 
July  25,  '77. 
July  27,  '77. 
Aug.  15,  '77- 
Aug.  17,  '77. 
Aug.  27,  '77. 
•Sept.  4)  '77. 
Sept.  10,  '78. 
Sept.  22, '78. 
Aug.  6,  '79. 
Oct.  23,  '79. 
May  13,  'So. 
June  2,  '80. 
May  22,  '82. 
June  6,   '82. 


COMPANY   H. 


June  19,  '55  1  Jefferson  Barracks 1  Missouri. 

Oct.  27,   '55  I  En  route  to  Fort  Belknap |  Texas  . . . 


Oct.  27,  '55. 
Dec.  27,  '55. 


638 


APPENDIX, 


Dec.  27, 
Jan.  2, 
Jan.  14, 
July  16, 
July  19, 
Aug.  9, 
Aug.  14, 
Sept.  10, 
Sept.  26, 
June  29, 
Sept.  23, 
Sept.  29, 
Oct.  10, 
Oct.  28, 
Nov.  14, 
Dec.  9, 
Dec.  22, 
Apr.  30, 
May  27, 
May  29, 
June  22, 
July  18, 
Aug.  21, 
Oct.  1, 
Nov.  22, 
Nov.  27, 
Dec.  21, 
Dec.  24, 
Dec.  26, 
Mar.  21, 
Oct.  30, 
Dec.  11, 
Dec.  27, 
Feb.  21, 
Apr.  17, 
June  10, 
Sept.  20, 
Mar.  10, 
June  5, 
Aug.  29, 
Aug.  30, 
Sept.  29, 
Sept.  29, 
Jan.  3, 
Jan.    4, 


Company   Hi- 
Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason. . . 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Camp  Colorado 

Camp  Colorado 

En  route  to  Camp  Coope: 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski. . 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski  . 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski  . 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Fort  Clark 

Fort  Clark 

En  route  to  Eagle  Pass 

Camp  at  Eagle  Pass 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

Field-service 

Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  New  Creek. 

New  Creek 

En  route  to  Cumberland 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Washington 
Washington 


Continued. 

Texas 


APPENDIX. 


039 


Jan.  15,  '66 
Jan.  28,  '66 
Feb.  12,  '66 
Feb.  20,  '66 
Sept.  12,  '66 
Sept.  15/66 
Sept.  12,  '68 
Sept.  23,  '6S 
Oct.  1,  '68 
May  20,  '6g 

June  24,  '69 

Aug.  22,  '69 
Oct.  22,  '69 
Nov.  7,  '69 
May  17,  '70 
June  7,  '70 
June  11,  '70 
June  21,  '70 
Aug.  10,  70 
Jan.  24, '71 
Feb.  2,  '71 
May  23,  '71 
June  7,  '71 
July  7,  '71 
July  14,  '71 
July  19,  '71 
Aug.  23,  '71 
Sept.  23,  '71 
Oct.  10,  '71 
Nov.  27,  '71 
Jan.  13,  '72 
Dec.  19,  '72 
Dec.  31,  '72 
Jan.  6,  '73 
Apr.  22,  '73 
June  27,  '73 
July  3,  '73 
July  io,  '73 
Aug.  4,  '73 
Feb.  4,  '74 
June  3,  '74 
June  21,  '74 
June  23,  '74 
Oct.    28,  '74 


Company   H- 

En  route  to  Charleston 

Charleston 

En  route  to  Columbia 

Columbia , 

En  route  to  Aiken 

Aiken , 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker  . . 

Fort  Harker , 

Field-service , 

Fort  McPherson 


-Continued. 

S.  Carolina 


Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

North  Platte 

Field-service .... 

North  Platte 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson . 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell. . 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  McDowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Lowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Lowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Lowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Lowell 

Field-service 

Camp  Lowell 

En  route  to  San  Carlos  Agency. 


Kansas. 


Kan.,  Neb. 

Nebraska 

j  Kan.,  Neb. 
<  Wyo. . . . 
Nebraska  . . , 
Neb.,  Kan.. 
Nebraska  . . . 


Arizona  Ter. . 


Jan.  28, 
Feb.  12, 
Feb.  20, 
Sept.  12, 
Sept.  15, 
Sept.  12, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  1, 
May  20, 
June  24, 

Aug.  22, 

Oct.  22, 
Nov.  7, 
May  17, 
June  7, 
June  11, 
June  21, 
Aug.  10, 
Jan.  24, 
Feb.  2, 
May  23, 
June  7, 

July  7, 
July  14, 

July  19, 
Aug.  23, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  10, 
Nov.  27, 
Jan.  13, 
Dec.  19, 
Dec.  31, 
Jan.  6, 
Apr.  22, 
June  27, 
Jul)'    3. 

July  *°> ' 

Aug.  4, 
Feb.  4, 
June  3, 
June  21, 
June  23, 
Oct.  28,  ' 
Nov.  3,  ' 


'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'68. 
'68. 
'68. 
'69. 
'69. 

•69. 

'69. 
'69. 
'70. 
'70. 
'70. 
'70. 
'70. 
'71- 
'71. 
'71- 
'7i. 
'7i. 
'71. 
'71. 
'71. 
'71. 
'7i. 
'71. 
'72. 
•72. 
'72. 
'73- 
'73- 
'73- 
'73. 
73- 
73- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
*74- 
74- 
'74- 


640 


APPENDIX. 


Company  H— Continued. 


Nov.  3.  '74 
Jan.  20,  '75 
Feb.  16,  '75 
July  23,  '75 
Sept.  12,  '75 
Oct.  25,  '75 
Nov.  5,  '75 
Nov.  7,  '75 
Nov.  15,  '75 
Jan.  15,  *76( 
Jan.  17,  '76 
May  18,  '76 
June  1,  '76 
July  9,  '76 
July  15,  '76 
July  18,  '76 

Aug.    5.  '76 

Oct.  22,  '76 

Oct.  24,  '76 

Nov.    1,  '76 

Jan.   13,  '77 

May  29,  '77 

Oct.  25,  '77 
June  7,  '78 
June  14,  '78 
Not.  22,  '78 
Nov.  30, '78 
Oct.  I,  '79 
Apr.  1,  '80 
Apr.  2i,  '8o 
May    7,    '80 


San  Carlos  Agency 

Field-service 

San  Carlos  Agency 

F.n  route  to  Fort  Wallace . 

Fort  Wallace 

Field-service 

Fort  Wallace 

Field-service » . . . 

Fort  Wallace 

Field-service 

Fort  Wallace 

Field-service 

Fort  Wallace 

Field-service 

Fort  Wallace 

Field-service 

Camp  Robinson 

Field-service 

Camp  Robinson 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 


Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Ross  Fork  Agency. 

Field-service 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson. . 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service  (Ute  Expedition). 

Fort  Fred  Steele 

En  route  to  Fort  Robinson .... 
Fort  Robinson 


Arizona  Ter. , 


Kansas . 


(  Kan.,Wyo, 

\      Neb  ... . 
Nebraska  . . . 


Jan. 
Feb. 

July 

Sept 
Oct. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Nov. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
May 
June 
July 

July 

July 


Neb.,  Wyo. . . 
Wyoming .... 
j  Wyo.,  Dak.,  j 
\  Mon  . . . .  ! 
Wyoming .... 
Idaho June 

Nov. 
ska Nov. 

Oct. 

Apr. 

Apr. 

May 


Aug. 

Oct. 
Oct. 

Nov. 
Jan. 
May 

Oct.  25,  '77 

June 


Wyoming . . , 
Nebraska. . . 


COMPANY  I. 


May  15,  '55 
Oct.  27,  '55 
Dec.  27,  '55 
Jan.  2,  '56 
Jan.  14,  '56 
Mar.  1,  '56 
Mar.  15,  '56 
July   3,    '56 


Jefferson  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. 

Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason  . 

Fort  Mason 

Field-service 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Camp  Sabinal. 


Missouri. 
Texas  . . . 


Oct.  27,  '55- 
Dec.  27,  '55. 
Jan.  2,  '56. 
Jan.  14,  '56. 
Mar.  1,  '56. 
Mar.  15,  '56. 
July  3.  '56. 
July  12,  '56. 


Appendix. 


641 


pnoM. 
July  12,  ' 
Sept.   3,  ' 
Sept.   6,  ' 
Nov.  21, 
Jan.  22, 
Jan.   28, 
Feb.  28, 
Mar.  19, 
Mar.  26, 
Sept.  21, 
Sept.  30, 
May  13, 
May  30, 

June  20, 

July  31, 
Aug.  21, 
Apr.  13, 
May  2i, 
June  4, 
July  31. 
Aug.  28, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  2, 
Mar.  12, 
Oct.  20, 
Jan.  I, 
Feb.  21, 
Apr.  13, 
May  6, 
May  10, 
May  23, 
Aug.  24, 
Mar.  10, 
June  5, 
Aug.  29, 
Aug.  31, 
Oct.  1, 
Oct.  3, 
Jan.  3, 
Jam  4, 
Jan.  15, 
Jan.  28, 
Feb.  12, 
Mar.   4, 


Company  I — Continued. 
Camp  Sabinal Texas 


En  route  to  Fort  Clark 

Fort  Clark 

Field-service 

Fort  Clark 

Field-service 

Fort  Clark 

En  route  to  Fort  Mcintosh 

Fort  Mcintosh 

Field-service 

Fort  Mcintosh 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Camp  near  Fort  Mason 

(    En  route  to,  and  camp  on,  Clear 

\        Fork  of  Brazos 

En  route  to  Camp  Hudson. 

Camp  Hudson 

Field-service 

Camp  Van  Camp 

Field-service 

Camp  Van  Camp 

En  route  to  Camp  Verde 

Camp  Verde 

Camp  Ives 

Field-service 

Camp  Ives 

Camp  Verde 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks 

Carlisle  Barracks 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Moorefield , 

Moorefield , 

En  route  to  Cumberland 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

En  route  to  Charleston 

Charleston 

En  route  to  Salisbury 

Salisbury    

41 


Texas,  Mex. 
Texas 


Texas,  Mex.. 

Texas 

Texas,  N.  M. 
Texas 


Texas,  Mex. 
Texas 


Pennsylvania . 

D.  C 

Virginia 

D.  C 

Va.  Md.,  Pa. 
Maryland. . . . 
W.  Virginia. . 

Maryland. . . . 

D.  C 


S.  Carolina. , 


N.  Carolina. 


Sept.  3, 

56. 

Sept.  6, 

56. 

Nov.  21, 

56. 

Jan.  22, 

57- 

Jan.  28, 

57- 

Feb.  28, 

'57- 

Mar.  19, 

'57- 

Mar.  26, 

'57- 

Sept.  21, 

'57- 

Sept.  30, 

'57- 

May  13, 

'58. 

May  30, 

'58. 

June  20, 

'53. 

July  31. 

'58. 

Aug.  21, 

'58. 

Apr.  13, 

'59- 

May  21, 

'59- 

June  4, 

'59- 

July  31. 

'59- 

Aug.  28 

'59- 

Sept.  23 

'59- 

Oct.    2, 

'59- 

Mar.  12, 

'60. 

Oct.  20, 

•60. 

Jan.    I, 

'61. 

Feb.  21, 

'61. 

Apr.  13, 

'61. 

May  6, 

'61. 

May  10, 

'61. 

May  23, 

'61. 

Aug.  24 

'61. 

Mar.  10, 

'62. 

June   5, 

•65. 

Aug.  29 

'65- 

Aug.  31 

'65- 

Oct.    1, 

'65. 

Oct.    3, 

'65. 

Jan.  3, 

"66. 

Jan.    4, 

'66. 

Jan.  15, 

"66. 

Jan.  28, 

"66. 

Feb.  12 

•66. 

Mar.  4, 

'66. 

Apr.    1, 

'66. 

642 


APPENDIX, 


Company   I — Continued. 


Apr.  I, 
Apr.  6,' 
Apr.  12, 
Apr.  13, 
Aug.  24, 
Aug.  25, 
Sept.  13, 
Sept.  27, 
Oct.  i, 
July  3. 
July  24, 

Aug.  22, 

Oct.    I, 
Oct.  28, 

May  14, 
May  16, 
June  7, 
June  8, 
July  14, 
July  30, 
Oct.  20, 
Nov.  8, 
Jan.  24, 
Feb.  2, 
May  23, 
June  2, 
June  5. 
Aug.  15, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  10, 
Nov.  27, 
Jan.  18, 
Jan.  24, 
Jan.  30, 
Mar.  3, 
May  10, 
June  20,  '72 
June  28,  '72 
Jan.  28, 
May  23 
May  28 
May  29,  '73 
July  12 
July  30,  '73 
Aug.  24 


73 


En  route  to  Raleigh 

Raleigh 

En  route  to  Morganton 

Morganton 

En  route  to  Raleigh ........  — 

Raleigh 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker 

Fort  Harker 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field  service — . 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell . . 

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Grant 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  San  Carlos  Agency. 

San  Carlos  Agency 

Field-service ■ 

San  Carlos  Agency 

En  route  to  Camp  Grant 


N.  Carolina. 


Kansas 


Kan.,  Neb. 
Nebraska . . 
Neb.,  Kan. 
Nebraska  . . 
Neb.,  Kan. 
Nebraska  . . 


Arizona  Ter. 


Apr.  6, 
Apr.  12, 
Apr.  13, 
Aug.  24, 
Aug.  25, 
Sept.  13, 
Sept.  27, 
Oct.  1, 
July  3, 
July  24, 
Aug.  22, 
Oct.  1, 
Oct.  28, 
May  14, 
May  16, 
June  7, 
June  8, 
July  14. 
July  30. 
Oct.  20, 
Nov.  8, 
Jan.  24, 
Feb.  2, 
May  23, 
June  2, 
June  5, 
Aug.  15, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  10, 
Nov.  27, 
Jan.  18, 
Jan.  24, 
Jan.  30, 
Mar.  3, 
May  10, 
June  20, 
June  23, 
Jan.  28, 
May  23, 
May  28, 
May  29, 
July  12, 
July  30, 
Aug.  24, 
Aug.  26, 


■66 
'67. 
'67. 

•68. 
'68. 
'68, 
'68, 
'68. 
•69.. 
•69. 
'69. 
•69. 
•69. 
'70. 
'70. 
'70. 
•70. 
'70, 
'70. 
'70. 
'70. 
'7i. 
'71. 
'7i. 
'71. 
'7i- 
'7*. 
71. 

'71. 

'71. 
'72. 
'72. 

•72. 
'72 
'72. 
'72. 
'72. 
'73- 
'73- 
'73- 
'73 
'73- 
'73- 
'73- 
'73 


APPENDIX. 


643 


Company    I — Continued. 


Aug.  26, 

'73 

Nov.  25, 

'73 

Nov.  28, 

'73 

Dec.  22, 

'73 

Dec.  24 

'73 

Feb.   2, 

'74 

July  5, 

'74 

July  20, 

'74 

Aug.  28, 

'74 

Oct.    8, 

'74 

Oct.  28, 

'74 

Jan.    2, 

'75 

Feb.  23, 

'75 

Mar.  26, 

'75 

Mar.  31, 

'75 

July  17, 

'75 

Sept.   9, 

'75 

June  6, 

•76 

Nov.  2, 

'76 

May  29, 

'77 

Oct.  25, 

'77 

Jan.    6, 

'78 

Jan.  25, 

'78 

June   7, 

•78 

June  14, 

'78 

Nov.  22, 

•78 

Nov.  25, 

'78 

Jan.  20, 

'79 

Feb.  28, 

'79 

Oct.    I, 

'79 

Apr.    2, 

'8o 

Apr.  29, 

■80 

May  2, 

•80 

July  10, 

'81 

Sept.  27, 

'81 

May  22, 

'82 

June  3, 

'82 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  San  Carlos  Agency. . . 

San  Carlos  Agency 

En  route  to  Camp  Apache 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache. 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

Field-service 

Camp  Apache 

En  route  to  Fort  Gibson 

Fort  Gibson 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell , 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Ross  Fork  Agency  . . , 

Field-service 

En  route  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell. . . 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service  (Ute  Expedition). . . 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Fort  Laramie 

Fort  Laramie 

Field-service 

Fort  Laramie 

En  route  to  Fort  McKinney 

Fort  McKinney 


Arizona  Ter. 


Indian  Ter. 


Wyoming.  . . 

Utah,  Idaho. 
Wyoming . . . 


Wyoming , 


Wyo.,  Neb. 
Wyoming  . . 


Wyoming 


Wyo.,  Mon. . , 
Wyoming 


Nov.  25, 
Nov.  28, 
Dec.  22, 
Dec.  24, 
Feb.  2, 
July  5. 
July  20, 
Aug.  28, 
Oct.  8, 
Oct.  28, 
Jan.  2, 
Feb.  23, 
Mar.  26, 
Mar.  31, 
July  17, 
Sept.  9, 
June  6, 
Nov.  2, 
May  29, 
Oct.  25, 
Jan.  6, 
Jan.  25, 
June  7, 
June  14, 
Nov.  22, 
Nov.  25, 
Jan.  20, 
Feb.  28, 
Oct.  1, 
Apr.  2, 
Apr.  29, 
May  2, 
July  10, 
Sept.  27, 
May  22, 
June  3, 


73- 
'73- 
'73- 
'73- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'75- 
'75- 
'75- 
'75- 
'75. 
'75- 
'76. 
'76. 
'77. 
'77- 
'78. 
'78. 
'78. 
'78. 
'78. 
•78. 
'79- 
'79- 
'79- 
'80. 
'80. 
80. 
81. 
'8i. 
82. 
'82. 


June  19,  '55 
Oct.  27,  '55 
Dec.  27,  '55 
Dec.  31,  '55 


COMPANY  K. 


Jefferson  Barracks 

En  route  to  Fort  Belknap. 
Fort  Belknap 

En  route  to  Camp  Cooper. 


Missouri. 
Texas  . . . 


Oct.  27,  '55. 
Dec.  27,  '55. 
Dec.  31,  '55. 
Jan.    3,   '50. 


644 


APPENDIX. 


Company   K — Continued. 


'56 


Jan.  3 
Aug.  9 
Sept.  12,  '56 
Feb. 
Mar.  13,  '57 
Mar.  16,  '57 
Mar.  17,  '57 
July  si,  '57 
Aug.  29,  '57 
Nov.  5 
Nov.  12,  '57 
Apr.  4, 
Apr.  15, 
June  26, 


56 


July  14, 

July  31.  - 

Sept.  23,  '58 
Sept.  29,  " 
Oct.  10, 
Oct.  28, 
Nov.  14, 
Dec.  12, 
Dec.  22, 
Feb.  21, 
Mar.  6, 
Jan.  3, 
Jan.  2i, 
Mar.  15, 
Apr.  27, 
May  31, 
Sept.  14, 
Mar.  10, 
May  7, 
Mar.  31, 
Apr.  29, 
May  4, 
July  11, 
Oct.  7, 
Oct.  si, 
June  13, 
Oct.  8, 
Dec.  12, 
Feb.  15, 
Feb. 


27. 


Camp  Cooper 

En  route  to  Fort  Inge 

Fort  Inge 

Field-service 

Fort  Inge 

En  route  to  Fort  Clark 

Fort  Clark  

Field-service 

Fort  Clark 

Field-service 

Fort  Clark 

En  route  to  Fort  Mason 

Fort  Mason 

En  route  to  Clear  Fork  of  Brazos . . 
j    Camp  Iverson,  near  Clear  Fork 

\        of  Brazos 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

Field-service 

Camp  Radziminski 

En  route  to  Camp  Colorado 

Camp  Colorado 

En  route  to  Camp  Wood 

Camp  Wood 

En  route  to  Carlisle  Barracks 

Carlisle  Barracks 

Field-service 

Washington 

Field-service. 

Washington 

En  route  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  Hualpai 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 


Texas 


C.  N. 
Texas 
C.  N., 
Texas 
C.N.. 
Texas . 
C.  N.. 
Texas  , 


Pennsylvania , 


Va.,  Md 

D.  C 

Va.,  Md.,  Pa. 
D.  C 

Wyoming 


Arizona  Ter . 


Aug.  9,  '56. 
Sept.  12,  '56. 
Feb.  I,  '57. 
Mar.  13,  '57. 
Mar.  16,  '57. 
Mar.  17,  '57. 
July  21,  '57. 
Aug.  29,  '57. 
Nov.  5,  '57. 
Nov.  12,  '57. 
Apr.  4,  '58. 
Apr.  15,  '58. 
June  26,  '58. 
July  14,  '58. 

July  31,  '58. 

Sept.  23/58. 
Sept.  29,  '58. 
Oct.  10,  '58. 
Oct.  28,  '58. 
Nov.  14,  '58. 
Dec.  12,  '58. 
Dec.  22,  '58. 
Feb.  21,  '59. 
Mar.  6,  '59. 
Jan.  3,  '60. 
Jan  Si,  '60. 
Mar.  15,  '61. 
Apr.  27,  '61. 
May  31,  '61. 
Sept.  14,  '61. 
Mar.  10,  '62. 
May  7,  '65. 
Mar.  31,  '70. 
Apr.  29,  '70. 
May  4,  '70. 
July  11,  '70. 
Oct.  7,  '70. 
Oct.  21,  '70. 
June  13,  '71. 
Oct.  8,  '71. 
Dec.  12,  '71. 
Feb.  15,  '72. 
Feb.  27,  '72. 
Mar.  6,  '72. 


APPENDIX. 


645 


Company   K — Continued. 


Mar.  6,  '72 
Apr.  25,  '72 
Apr.  27,  '72 
May  5,  '72 
May  7,  '72 
May  19,  '72 
May  23, 
June  12, 

July  9. 

Sept.  22, 
Sept.  27, 
Oct.  19, 
Oct.  27, 

Nov.  16, 
Apr.  10, 
July  20, 
July  28, 
Sept.  18, 

Oct.     2, 

Oct.  7, 
Oct.  11, 
Dec.  1, 
Jan.  23, 
Feb.  23, 
June  7. 
July  29, 
Aug.  6, 
Sept.  9, 
Sept.  25, 
Oct.  19, 
Nov.  7, 
Nov.  17, 
Dec.  5, 
Dec.  15, 
Jan.  4, 
Jan.  11, 
Feb.  5. 
Feb.  27, 
Mar.  30, 
May  3, 
June  29, 
Sept.  19, 
Sept.  24, 
May  19, 
May  20, 


Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

Field-service 

Camp  Hualpai 

En  route  to  Camp  Verde 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

Field-service 

Camp  Verde 

En  route  to  Fort  Hays  . . 
Camp  near  Fort  Hays. . . 
En  route  to  Fort  Riley  . . 

Fort  Riley 

En  route  to  Fort  Hays  . . 
Fort  Hays 


Arizona  Ter 


Kansas 


Apr.  25,  '72 
Apr.  27,  '72 
May  5,  '72 
May  7,  '72 
May  19,  '72 
May  23,  '72, 
June  12,  '72 
July  9,  '72 
Sept.  22,  '72 
Sept.  27,  '72 
Oct.  19,  '72 
Oct.  27,  '72 
Nov.  16,  '72, 
Apr.  10,  '73 
July  20,  '73 
July  28,  '73 
Sept.  18,  '73 
Oct.  2,  '73 
Oct.  7,  *73 
Oct.  11,  '73 
Dec.  1,  '73 
Jan.  23,  '74 
Feb.  23,  '74 
June  7,  '74 
July  29,  '74 
Aug.  6,  '74 
Sept.  9,  '74 
Sept.  25, '74 
Oct.  19,  '74 
Nov.  7,  '74 
Nov.  17,  '74. 
Dec.  5,  '74 
Dec.  15,  '74 
Jan.  4.  '75 
Jan.  n,  '75 
Feb.  5,  ■ 
Feb.  27, 
Mar.  30, 
May  3, 
June  29, 
Sept.  19, 
Sept.  24 
May  19, 
May  20, 
June  5, 


646 


APPENDIX. 


Company   K — Continued. 


June   5,   '76  Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Oct.  31,  '76  Sidney  Barracks 

July  26,   '77  En  route  to  Omaha  Barracks 

July  27,  '77  Omaha  Barracks 

Aug.    3,    '77  En  route  to  Sidney  Barracks 

Aug.    4,    '77  Sidney  Barracks 

Aug.  28,  '77  Field-service 

Sept.  24,  '77  Fort  Washakie 

May   15,  '78  Field-service 

July  21,  '78  Camp  near  Fort  McKinney 

Apr.    9,   '79  Fort  McKinney 

Oct.    6,    '79  Field-service  (Ute  Expedition) 

Nov.  29,  '79  Fort  D.  A.  Russell . 

Apr.  29,  '80  En  route  to  Fort  Laramie 

May    2,   '80  Fort  Laramie 


Nebraska 


Wyoming . 


Wyoming , 


Oct.  31, 

July  26, 
July  27, 
Aug.  3, 
Aug.  4, 
Aug.  28, 
Sept.  24, 
May  15, 
July  21, 
Apr.  9, 
Oct.  6, 
Nov.  29, 
Apr.  29, 
May  2, 


Oct.  27,  '65 
Jan.  13,  '66 
Jan.  20,  '66 
Mar.  12,  '66 
June  22,  '66 
Aug.  31,  '66 
Oct.  31,  '66 
June  5,  '67 
Sept.  12,  '68 
Sept.  23,  '68 
Oct.  1,  '68 
July  3,  '69 
July  24,  '69 
Oct.  10,  '69 
Apr.  26,  '70 
Nov.  7,  '70 
Mar.  14,  '71 
Mar.  17,  '71 
May  23,  '71 
May  27,  '71 
Sept.  23,  '71 
Oct.  10,  '71 
Nov.  27,  '71 
Jan.  10,  '72 
Jan.  21,  '72 


COMPANY  L 

Washington 

En  route  to  Charleston 

Charleston  and  Mount  Pleasant. . . 

Field-service 

Chester 

Field-service 

Edgefield 

Aiken 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker , 

Fort  Harker 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Camp  McDowell. . . . 

Camp  McDowell 

En  route  to  Camp  Grant , 


D.  C 

S.  Carolina. 


Kansas 

Kan.,  Neb.. 
Nebraska  . . . 

Arizona  Ter. 


Jan.  13, 
Jan.  20, 
Mar.  12, 
June  22, 
Aug.  31, 
Oct.  31, 
June  5, 
Sept.  12, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.   1, 

July  3. 
July  24, 
Oct.  10, 
Apr.  26, 
Nov.  7, 
Mar.  14, 
Mar.  17, 
May  23, 
May  27, 
Sept.  23, 
Oct.  10, 
Nov.  27, 
Jan.  10, 
Jan.  21, 
Jan.  26, 


'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'66. 
'67. 
'68. 
'68. 
'68. 
'69. 
•69. 
•69, 
•70. 
'70. 
'71. 
'71. 
'71- 
'7i- 
'7i- 
'71. 
'71. 
'72- 
'72- 
'72. 


APPENDIX. 


647 


Jan.  26,  '72 
June  20,  '72 
June  28,  '72 
Dec.  9,  '72 
Apr.  29,  '73 
May  28,  '73 
May  30,  '73 
June  1,  '73 
June  2,  '73 
Sept.  15,  *73 
Nov.  12,  '73 
Feb.  1,  '74 
Apr.  16,  '74 
May  11,  '74 
July  10,  '74 
July  29,  '75 
Sept.  10,  '75 
Nov.  28,  '75 
Dec.  12,  '75 
June  1,  '76 
June   5,    '76 

July   17,  '76 

Aug.    S,  '76 

Oct.  22,  '76 

Oct.  24,  '76 

Nov.    1,  '76 

Jan.   13,  '77 

May  29,  '77 

Oct.  28,  '77 
Sept.  12,  '78 
Nov.  12,  '78 
May  13,  '80 
June  6,  *8o 
June  23,  '81 
June  27,  '81 
Mar.  10,  '82 
Mar.  11,  '82 
Mar.  20,  '82 
Mar.  21,  '82 


Company    L — Continued. 

Arizona  Ter. 


Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  San  Carlos  Agency 

San  CarloE  Agency 

En  route  to  Camp  Grant 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  Fort  Lyon  ....... 

Fort  Lyon 

Field-service. 

Fort  Lyon 

Field-service. 

Fort  Lyon 

Field-service 


Camp  Robinson 

Field-service 

Camp  Robinson 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell. 


Field-service 


Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  Washakie 

En  route  to  Fort  Robinson. 

Fort  Robinson 

En  route  to  Fort  Sidney . . . 

Fort  Sidney 

En  route  to  Omaha 

Omaha 

En  route  to  Fort  Sidney . . . 
Fort  Sidney. ... 


Colorado 


(  Kan.,Wyo., 
1  Neb.... 
Nebraska 


Neb.,  Wyo. . . 
Wyoming.  . . . 
i  Wyo., Dak., 
(  Mon.... 
Nebraska 
Neb.,  Wyo. . , 
Wyoming 
Nebraska.  . . . 


June  20, 

72. 

June  28, 

'72. 

Dec.   9, 

'72. 

Apr.  29, 

'73- 

May  28, 

'73- 

May  30, 

'73- 

June  I, 

'73- 

June  2, 

'73- 

Sept  15, 

'73. 

Nov.  12, 

'73- 

Feb.   1, 

'74- 

Apr.  16, 

'74- 

May  11, 

'74- 

July  10, 

'74- 

July  29, 

'75- 

Sept.  10 

'75- 

Nov.  28 

'75- 

Dec.  12 

'75- 

June  1, 

'76. 

June    5 

'76. 

July  17 

'76. 

Aug.  5, 

'76. 

Oct.  22, 
Oct.  24, 
Nov.  1, 
Jan.  13, 
May  29, 

Oct.  28, 

Sept.  12, 
Nov.  12, 
May  13, 
June  6, 
June  23, 
June  27, 
Mar.  10, 
Mar.  11, 
Mar.  20, 
Mar.  21, 


'76. 
•76. 

>■ 
■77- 
'77- 


648 


APPENDIX. 


Feb.  23,  '63 
Mar.  12,  '63 
Mar.  13,  '63 
May  17,  '63 
June  5,  '65 
Oct.  23,  '65 
Oct.  29,  '65 
July  9,  '66 
July  13,  '66 
Sept.  3,  '66 
Oct.  19,  '66 
Nov.  3,  '66 
Nov.  12,  '66 
Dec.  15,  '66 
Sept.  11, 
Sept.  25, 
Oct.  1,  '68 
July  23,  '69 
Aug.  21,  '69 
Oct.  28,  "' 
May  14, 
May  1 8, 
June  7, 
June  11, 
June  25, 
June  26, 
July  11, 
July  17, 
Aug.  10, 
Sept.  10, 
May  11, 
May  22, 
Nov.  24 
Nov.  27,  '71 
Dec.  12,  '71 
Feb.  10,  '72 
May  6, 
Oct.  2, 
Dec.  9, 
Apr.  27, 
June  23,  '73 
July  7,  '73 
Aug.  25,  '73 


'69 
70 
70 
'70 
'70 
70 
'70 
•70 
'70 
70 
'70 
7i 
71 
,  '7i 


COMPANY  M. 

Carlisle  Barracks 

En  route  to  Washington 

Washington 

Field-service 

Cumberland 

En  route  to  Nashville 

Nashville 

En  route  to  Memphis 

Memphis 

Raleigh 

En  route  to  Nashville 

Nashville 

Field-service 

Gallatin 

En  route  to  Fort  Harker 

Fort  Harker 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McPherson 

En  route  to  Fort  Laramie 

Fort  Laramie 

En  route  to  Fort  D.  A.  Russell. . . . 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  Grant 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

San  Carlos  Agency 

Field-service 

San  Carlos  Agency 

Field-service 


Pennsylvania 

d.  a... 


Va.,  Md.,  Pa 

Maryland. 

Tennessee 


Tenn.,  Ky 
Tennessee 
Kansas 


Kan.,  Neb 
Nebraska 
Neb.,  Kan 
Nebraska 


Wyoming 


Arizona  Ter 


Mar.  12,  '63. 
Mar.  13,  '63. 
May  17,  '63. 
June  5,  '65. 
Oct.  23,  '65. 
Oct.  29,  '65. 
July  9,  '66. 
July  13,  '66. 
Sept.  3,  '66. 
Oct.  19,  '66. 
Nov.  3,  '66. 
Nov.  12,  '66. 
Dec.  15,  '66. 
Sept.  11, '68. 
Sept.  25,  '68. 
Oct.  1,  '68. 
July  23,  '69. 
Aug.  21,  '69. 
Oct.  28,  '69. 
May  14,  '70. 
May  18,  '70. 
June  7,  '70. 
June  11,  '70. 
June  25,  '70. 
June  26,  '70. 
July  11,  '70. 
July  17,  '70. 
Aug.  IO,  '70. 
Sept.  10,  '70. 
May  11,  '71. 
May  22,  '71. 
Nov.  24,  '71. 
Nov.  27,  '71. 
Dec.  12,  '71. 
Feb.  10,  '72. 
May  6,  '72. 
Oct.  2,  '72. 
Dec.  9,  '72. 
Apr.  27,  '73. 
June  23,  '73. 

July  7,  '73- 
Aug.  25,  '73. 
Aug.  26,  '73. 


APPENDIX. 


649 


Company  M — Continued. 


Aug.  26, 
Dec.  3, 
Dec.  5, 
Feb.  x, 
Apr.  16, 
May  11, 
July  10, 
May  2, 
June  25, 
Nov.  28, 
Dec.  12, 
May  19, 
May  27, 
June  5, 
Nov.  7, 
July  25, 
July  27, 
Aug.  15, 
Aug.  17, 
Aug.  30/ 
Nov.  3, 
Mar.  29, 
Apr.  14, 
June  7, 
Dec.  11, 
Jan.  20, 
Feb.  28, 
Oct.  1, 
Apr.  2, 
Apr.  29, 
May  9, 
May  6, 
May   7, 


San  Carlos  Agency 

En  route  to  Camp  Grant 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

Field-service 

Camp  Grant 

En  route  to  Fort  Lyon 

Fort  Lyon 

Field-service 

Fort  Lyon 

Field-service 

Fort  Lyon 

Field-service  (B.  H.  &  Y.  Expedition) 

Fort  McPherson , 

En  route  to  Chicago 

Chicago 

En  route  to  Fort  McPherson. . . . 

Fort  McPherson 

Field-service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field-service 

Fort  McKinney 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field-service 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

Field  service  (Ute  Expedition).... 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell 

En  route  to  Camp  Sheridan 

Camp  Sheridan 

En  route  to  Fort  Robinson , 

Fort  Robinson , 


Arizona  Ter. 


Colorado. 


Nebraska  . 
Illinois  . . . 

Nebraska  . 

Wyoming. 


Wyo.,  Neb. 
Wyoming.  . 

Wyoming.  . 

Nebraska  . . 


Dec.  3, 
Dec.  5, 
Feb.   I, 

Apr.  16, 
May  11, 
July  10, 
May  2, 
June  25, 
Nov.  28, 
Dec.  12, 
May  19, 
May  27, 
June  5, 
Nov.  7, 

July  25, 
July  27, 

Aug.  15, 
Aug.  17, 
Aug.  30, 
Nov.  3, 
Mar.  29, 
Apr.  14, 
June  7, 
Dec.  11, 
Jan.  20, 
Feb.  28, 
Oct.  1, 
Apr.  2, 
Apr.  29, 
May  9, 
May  6, 
May  7, 


73- 
'73. 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'74- 
'75- 
'75- 
'75. 
'75- 
•76. 
•76. 
'76. 
'76. 
'77- 
'77- 
'77. 
'77. 
'77- 
'77- 
'78. 
'73. 
•78. 
'78. 
'79- 
'79- 
'7'.). 
'8o. 
'8o. 
'80. 
'Si. 
'81. 


650  APPENDIX. 

No.  9. 
BATTLE  RECORD  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY. 


TEXAS,  1856-1860. 

1.  Head-waters  of  the  Nueces,  February  22,  1856. — Captain  James  Oakes  (C). 

Severely  wounded,  enlisted  men,  2. 

2.  Guadalupe  River,  March  8,  1856.— Captain  Albert  G.  Brackett  (I). 

3.  Head  waters  of  the  Concho,  May  1,  1856. — Captain  James  Oakes  (C). 

4.  Head-waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers,  July  r,  1856. — Captain  Earl 

Van  Dom  (A). 

5.  6,  7.  Junction  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  Pecos  River — three  combats  in  one  day — 

August  30,  1856. — Captain  James  Oakes  (C). 

8.  Rio  Llano,  November  19,  1856. — First  Lieutenant  Walter  H.  Jenifer  (B). 

9.  Head-waters  of  the  Main  Concho,  November  26,  1856. — Captain  William  R. 

Bradfute  (G).     Severely  wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

10.  Rio  Grande,  December  21,  1856. — Second  Lieutenant  James  B.  Witherell  (C). 

11.  Head-waters  of  the  Main  Concho,  December  22,  1856. — Captain   Richard  W. 

Johnson  (F).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  wounded,  2. 

12.  North  branch  of  the  Concho,  February  12,  1S57.— Second  Lieutenant  Robert 

C.  Wood,  Jr.  (B).     Wounded,  Lieutenant  Robert  C.  Wood,  Jr. 

13.  Kickapoo  Creek,  February  13,  1857.— First  Sergeant  Walter  McDonald  (D). 

Killed,  enlisted  men,  I  ;  wounded,  1. 

14.  Head-waters  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Nueces,  April  4,  1857. — First  Lieu- 

tenant Walter  H.  Jenifer  (B). 

15.  Head-waters  of  the  Nueces,  April  19,  1857.— Second  Lieutenant  Robert  C. 

Wood,  Jr.  (B). 

16.  Near  the  head-waters  of  the  Nueces,  May  25,  1857.— First  Lieutenant  Walter 

H.  Jenifer  (B). 

17.  Head- waters  of  the  Rio  Frio,  June  30,  1857. — Corporal  John  Boyden  (B). 

18.  South  branch  of  the  Llano  River,  July  2,  1857.— Sergeant  William  P.  Lever- 

ett  (B). 

19.  Head-waters  of  Devil's  River,  July  20,  1857. — Second  Lieutenant  John  B. 

Hood  (G).     Wounded,  Lieutenant  John  B.  Hood.     Killed,  enlisted  men, 
2  ;  wounded,  4. 

20.  Wichita  Mountains,  August  10,  1857.— Captain  Charles  J.  Whiting  (C,  K). 

21.  Head-waters  of  the  Brazos,  September  24,  1857.— Captain  Nathan  G.  Evans 

(H). 

22.  Santa  Catarina,  September  28,  1857.— Sergeant  Charles  M.  Patrick  (I). 

23.  Verde  River,  October  30,  1857. — Second  Lieutenant  Cornelius  Van  Camp(D). 
24    Seventy  miles  north-east  of  the  Nueces,  November  8,  1857.— Second  Lieuten. 

ant  James  B.  Witherell  (C,  K).    Wounded,  Lieutenant  James  B.  Witherell 
and  three  enlisted  men. 


APPENDIX.  651 

25.  Salamonana,  November  15,  1857. — Second  Lieutenant  Wesley  Owens  (I). 

26.  South  branch  of  the  Llano  River,  January  28,  1858.— First  Sergeant  Walter 

McDonald  (D).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  3. 

27.  Wichita  Village,  October   1,  1858. — Captain   Earl  Van   Dorn  (A,  F,  H,  K). 

Killed,  Lieutenant  Cornelius  Van  Camp  and  three  enlisted  men  ;  mortally 
wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  wounded,  Captain  Earl  Van  Dorn  and  nine  en- 
listed men. 

28.  Presidio  de  San  Vicente,  May  2,  1859.— Captain  Albert  G.  Brackett  (I). 

29.  Small  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  C.  N.,  May 

13,  1859.— Captain  Earl  Van  Dorn  (A,  B,  C,  F,  G,  H).  Killed,  enlisted 
men,  1  ;  mortally  wounded,  I  ;  wounded,  Captain  Edmund  K.  Smith, 
Lieutenant  Fitzhugh  Lee,  and  eleven  enlisted  men. 

30.  TheEbonal,  near  Brownsville  (Cortinas' raid),  December  14,  1859. — Captain 

George  Stoneman  (E). 

31.  North  branch  of  the  Guadalupe  River,  December  14,  1859. — Corporal  Patrick 

Collins  (I). 

32.  Rio  Grande  City,  near  Ringgold  Barracks  (Cortinas'  raid),  December  27,  1859. 

— Captain  George  Stoneman  (E). 

33.  Pecan  Bayou,  January  16,  i860. — Second  Lieutenant  Fitzhugh  Lee  (B). 

34.  Head-waters  of  Kickapoo  Creek,  January  26,  i860. — First  Sergeant  Robert 

N.  Chapman  (A). 

35.  Aqua  Frio,  January  29,  i860. — Sergeant  Alex.  McK.  Craig  (C).      Wounded, 

enlisted  men,  2. 

36.  Between  Kickapoo  and  Brady  creeks,  February  13,  i860. — Captain  Richard 

W.  Johnson  (A,  F). 

37.  La  Mesa,  Mexico  (Cortinas'  raid),  March  16,  i860.— Captain  George  Stone- 

man (E,  G). 

38.  Salt  Branch  of  the  Brazos  River,  August  26,  i860. — Major  George  H.  Thomas 

(the  band  and  D).  Wounded,  Major  George  H.  Thomas  and  five  enlisted 
men. 

39.  Sabano  Creek,  August  27,  i860. — Corporal  John  Rutter  (B).     Killed,  enlisted 

men,  1. 

40.  Pease  River,  December  19,  i860.— First  Sergeant  John  W.  Spangler  (H). 


THE  WAR  OF  THE  REBELLION,   1861-1865. 

41.  Capture  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  May  23,  1861.— Major  George  Stoneman,   First 

Cavalry  (then  serving  as  a  captain  in  the  regiment)  (B,  E,  I). 

42.  Skirmish  at  Fairfax  Court-House,  Va.,  June  1,  1861.— First  Lieutenant  Charles 

H.   Tompkins  (B).     Wounded,  Lieutenant  Charles  H.  Tompkins  (injured 
by  his  wounded  horse  falling  on  him)  and  five  enlisted  men  ;  missing,  1. 

43.  Action  at  Falling  Waters,  Va.,  July  2,  1861.— Colonel  George   H.  Thomas 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  F,  K).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  1. 

44.  Skirmish  near  Martinsburg,  Va.,  July  3,  1861.— Colonel  George  H.  Thomas 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  F,  K). 

45.  Skirmish  near  Bunker  Hill,  Va.,  July  15,  1861.— Colonel  George  H.  Thomas 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  F,  K). 

46.  Skirmish  near  Blackburn's  Ford,  Va.,   July  18,   1861.— Captain    Albert   G. 

Brackett  (G,  I).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  3. 


652  APPENDIX. 

47.  Battle  of  Bull  Run,  Va.,  July  21,  1861.—  Major  Innis  N.  Palmer  (B,  E,  G,  I). 

Wounded,  enlisted  men,  9  ;  missing,  1. 

48.  Skirmish  at  Flint  Hill  (near  Vienna),  Va.,  October  20,  1861.—  Captain  Charles 

J.  Whiting  (K).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

49.  Skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  Va.,  March  14,  1862.— Captain  Charles  J.  Whiting 

(A,  B,  E,  F,  G,  K).     Mortally  wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  wounded,  3. 

50.  Siege   of  Yorktown,    Va.,    April  4-May  4,   1862.— Major  Joseph  H.  Whit- 

tlesey (the  regiment). 

51.  Skirmish  near  Lee's  Mills,  Va.,  April  16,  1862.— Captain  William  P.   Cham- 

bliss  (D). 

52.  Skirmish  at  Warwick  Creek,  Va.,  May  4,  1862.— Captain  William  P.  Cham- 

bliss  (detachment  Fifth  Cavalry). 

53.  Battle  of  Williamsburg,  Va.,  May  5,  1862.— Major  Joseph  H.  Whittlesey  (the 

regiment). 

54.  Battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,   Va.,    May  27,    1862.— Captain  Charles  J. 

Whiting  (the  regiment).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  missing,  1. 

55.  Reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  Va.,   May  28,    1862. — Captain  Charles  J. 

Whiting  (the  regiment). 

56.  Reconnaissance  towards  Ashland,  Va.,  May  29,  1862.— Captain  William  P. 

Chambliss  (D,  H,  I,  K). 

57.  Action  at  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  13,  1862.— Captain  William  B.   Royall  (B, 

C,  F,  H).  Severely  wounded,  Captain  William  B.  Royall  and  Lieutenant 
William  McLean  ;  killed,  enlisted  men,  4  ;  missing,  35. 

58.  Reconnaissance   towards   the  White   House,   Va.,  June   26,    1862. — Captain 

James  E.  Harrison  (B,  C,  E,  G,  K). 

59.  Skirmish  near  Polgreen's  Church,  Va.,  while  engaged  in  blockading  the  cross- 

roads, June  26,  1862. — Sergeant  James  Hastings  (detachment  of  E).  Mor- 
tally wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

60.  Battle  of  Gaines's   Mill,  Va.,  June  27,    1862.— Captain  Charles  J.  Whiting 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  D,  F,  H,  I,  and  small  detachments  of  other 
companies  of  the  regiment).  Killed,  Lieutenant  John  J.  Sweet ;  wounded, 
Captain  William   P.    Chambliss,  Lieutenants  Abraham  K.  Arnold,  Louis 

D.  Watkins,  and  Thomas  E.  Maley  ;  captured,  Captain  Charles  J.  Whit- 
ing. Killed,  enlisted  men,  3  ;  mortally  wounded,  2  ;  wounded,  25  ;  miss- 
ing, 24. 

61.  Battle  of  Savage  Station,  Va.,  June  29,  1862.— Captain  Joseph  H.  McArthur 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  D,  F,  H,  I,  and  small  detachments  of  other 
companies  of  the  regiment,  being  the  men  remaining  for  duty  after  the 
battle  of  Gaines's  Mill). 

62.  Battle  of  Malvern   Hill,   Va.,   July   I,  1862.— Captain  Joseph  H.  McArthur 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  D,  F,  H,  I,  and  small  detachments  of  other 
companies  of  the  regiment). 

63.  Skirmish  near  St.  Mary's  Church,  Va.,  July  16,   1862.— Captain  James  E. 

Harrison  (B,  C,  and  detachments  of  other  companies). 

64.  Skirmish   near   Sycamore    Church,  Va.,   August  3,    1862. — Captain   Wesley 

Owens  (D,  E,  G,  I).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  2. 

65.  Skirmish  in  the  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va.,  August  5,  1862. — Captain  Joseph  H. 

McArthur  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  G,  I). 

66.  Reconnaissance   to    Malvern    Hill,  Va.,    August  7,    1862. — Captain   Wesley 

Owens  (G). 

67.  Reconnaissance  to  Burnt  Bridge,  Va.,   August   12,    1862. — Captain   Wesley 

Owens  (G). 


APPENDIX.  G53 

68.  A  part  of  the  rear-guard  of  the  Army  of  the  Fotomac  during  the  evacuation  of 

the  Peninsula,  Harrison's  Landing,  Va.,  to  Williamsburg,  Va.,  August 
15-20,  1862. — Major  Charles  J.  Whiting,  Third  Cavalry  (then  serving 
as  a  captain  in  the  regiment)  (the  regiment). 

69.  Battle   of    South    Mountain,  Md.,    September    14,    1862. — Major   Charles  J. 

Whiting,  Third  Cavalry  (then  serving  as  a  captain  in  the  regiment)  (the 
regiment). 

70.  Battle  of  Antietam,  Md.,  September  16-17,  1862. — Major  Charles  J.  Whiting, 

Third  Cavalry  (then  serving  as  a  captain  in  the  regiment)  (the  regiment). 
Mortally  wounded,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  wounded,  1. 

71.  Skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,    Md.,    September   19,    1862. — Captain   James 

E.  Harrison  (the  regiment).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  1. 

72.  Engagement  near  Halltown,   Md.,  September  26,  1862. — Captain  James  E. 

Harrison  (the  regiment). 

73.  Reconnaissance   to    Halltown,    Md.,   September   29,    1862. — Captain  Wesley 

Owens  (E,  G,  K). 

74.  Reconnaissance  from  Antietam,  Md.,  to  Martinsburg,  Va.,  October—,  1862. 

— First  Lieutenant  Richard  Byrnes  (C). 

75.  Skirmish  near  Union,  Va.,  November  2,  1862. — Captain  James  E.  Harrison 

(the  regiment). 

76.  Action  near  Piedmont,  Va.,  November  3,  1862. — Captain  Thomas  Drummond 

(F).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  1. 

77.  Skirmish  at  Upperville,  Va.,  November  3,  1862. — Captain  James  E.  Harrison 

(the  regiment,  except  Company  F).  Wounded,  enlisted  men,  3  ;  miss- 
ing, 1. 

78.  Action  at  Markham's  Station,  Va.,  November 4,  1862.— Captain  James  E.  Har- 

rison (the  regiment).     Mortally  wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;    wounded,  7. 

79.  Skirmish  at  Manassas  Gap,  Va.,    November  4,    1862.— Captain  Edward  H. 

Leib  (I). 

80.  Skirmish  at  Snicker's  Gap,   Va.,    November  5,  1862.— Captain  Edward  H. 

Leib  (I).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

81.  Skirmish  at  Barbee's  Cross-Roads,  Va.,  November  5,  1862.— Captain  James  E. 

Harrison  (the  regiment,  except  Company  I). 

82.  Skirmish  at  Little  Washington,  Va.,   November  8,    1862.— First  Lieutenant 

Joseph  P.  Ash  (D,  E).  Wounded,  Lieutenant  Joseph  P.  Ash  ;  mortally 
wounded,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  severely  wounded,  6. 

83.  Action  at  Amissville,  Va.,  November   10,  1S62. — Captain  James  E.  Harrison 

(the  regiment,  except  Company  I).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

84.  Action   near   Hazel   Run,  Va.,   November    10,    1862.— Captain    Edward  H. 

Leib  (I). 

85.  Affair  ten  miles  south  of  Warrenton,  Va.,  November  IO,  1862.— First  Lieu- 

tenant Joseph  P.  Ash  (E). 

86.  Skirmish  near  Rappahannock  Bridge,  Va.,  November  23,  1862.— Captain  Ju- 

lius W.  Mason  (E,  K).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  2. 

87.  Battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December   13,  1862.— Captain  Wesley  Owens 

(the  regiment). 

88.  Skirmish  near  Falmouth,  Va.,  December  25,  1862.— First  Lieutenant  Leicester 

Walker  (C).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  3. 

89.  Reconnaissance  near  Falmouth,  Va.,  December  27,  1862.— First  Lieutenant 

Thomas  E.  Maley  (H). 

90.  Reconnaissance  near  Falmouth,  Va.,  December  30,  1862.— Captain  James  E. 

Harrison  (the  regiment,  except  Company  H). 


654  APPENDIX. 

91.  Action  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock,  Va.,  March  17,  1863. — First 

Lieutenant  Edward  H.  Leib  (C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  K).     Killed,  enlisted  men, 
2  ;  wounded,  3  ;  missing,  4. 

92.  Affair  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock,  Va.,  April  14,  1863. — Second 

Lieutenant  Joseph  H.  Wood  (B). 

93.  Stoneman's  Raid,  Va.,  April  29-May  8,  1863. — Captain  James  E.  Harrison 

(the  regiment,  except  Company  M). 

94.  Combat  near  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  April  29,  1863.— Captain  Thomas  Drum- 

mond  (A,  B,  F,  I).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  2. 

95.  Action  near  Raccoon  Ford,  Va.,  April  30,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason 

(E,  K).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  1. 

96.  Skirmish  at  South  Anna  Bridge,  near  Thompson's  Cross-Roads,  Va.,  May 

3,  1863.— Second  Lieutenant  Robert  H.  Montgomery  (E,  K).     Missing, 
enlisted  men,  3. 

97.  Skirmish  at  Shannon  Hill,  Va.,  May  3,  1S63.— Captain  Thomas  Drummond 

(F,  I).     Missing,  enlisted  men,  2. 
9S.  Engagement  at  Fleming's  Cross-Roads,  Va.,  May  4,  1863. — Captain  James  E. 

Harrison  (detachments  of  A,  B,  C,  D,  G,  H,  I).    Captured,  Captain  Wesley 

Owens  and  Lieutenant  Temple  Buford  ;  severely  wounded,  enlisted  men, 

4 ;  missing,  30. 
99.  Battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.,  June  9,  1863. — Captain  James  E.  Harrison  (the 

regiment).     Severely  wounded,  Lieutenant  Gustavus    Urban ;   wounded, 

Lieutenant  Frank  W.   Dickerson.     Killed,  enlisted   men.   4  ;    mortally 

wounded,  3  ;  wounded,  15  ;  missing,  15. 

100.  Action  at  Aldie,  Va.,  June   17,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (the  regi- 

ment). 

101.  Action  at  Middletown,  Va.,  June  19,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (the 

regiment). 

102.  Action  at  Snicker's  Gap,  near  Upperville,  Va.,  June  21,  1863. — Captain  Ju- 

lius W.  Mason  (the  regiment).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  missing,  1. 

103.  Battle  of  Gettysburg,    Pa.,  July  3,    1863. — Captain  Julius  W.    Mason  (the 

regiment).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  wounded,  1  ;  missing,  2. 

104.  Action  at  Williamsport,  Md.,  July  6,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (the 

regiment).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  missing,  11. 

105.  Actions  at  Boonsboro,  Md.,  July  8-9,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (the 

regiment).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  missing,  5. 

106.  Action  near  Funkstown,  Md.,  July  10,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (the 

regiment).      Killed,  enlisted  men,   1  ;    mortally  wounded,    1  ;    severely 
wounded,  2  ;  captured,  1. 

107.  Action  at  Falling  Waters,  Va.,  July  14,    1S63. — Captain  Julius  W.    Mason 

(the  regiment). 
10S.  Engagements  at  Manassas  Gap,  Va.,  July  21-23,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W. 

Mason  (the  regiment).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  4  ;  mortally  wounded,    1  ; 

wounded,  3  ;  missing,  4. 
109.  Skirmishes  near  Front  Royal,  Va.,  July  23-24,    1863. — Captain  Julius  W. 

Mason  (the  regiment). 
no.  Action  near  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  1,  1S63. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason 

(the  regiment).     Wounded,   Lieutenant  Robert   P.   Wilson  and  one  en- 
listed man. 
in.   Battle  of  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  3,    1863. — Captain  Julius  W.Mason 

(the  regiment).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  I  ;  mortally  wounded,  2  ;  severely 

wounded,  2  ;  wounded,  1. 


APPENDIX.  655 

112.  Skirmish  near  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  6,  1863. — First  Lieutenant  Frank 

W.  Dickerson  (D). 

113.  Action  at  Morton's  Ford,  Va.,  October  11,  1863. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason 

(the  regiment,  except  Company  D). 

114.  Combat   at    Bristoe  Station,  Va.,  October  14,  1863. — Captain  Abraham   K. 

Arnold  (the  regiment,  except  Company  D). 

115.  Skirmish  at  Kettle  Run,  Va.,  October  18,  1863. — Second  Lieutenant  John  H. 

Kane  (B). 

116.  Operations  at  Mine  Run,  Va.,  November  26-December  4,    1863. — Captain 

Abraham  K.  Arnold  (the  regiment,  except  Company  D). 

117.  Marston's  raid  through   the  counties  of   Northumberland,    Richmond,   and 

Lancaster,  Va.,  January  13-15,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Frank  W.  Dick- 
erson (D). 

118.  Action  near  Barnett's  Ford,  on  the  Rapidan,  Va. ,  February  7,  1864. — Cap- 

tain Julius  W.  Mason  (the  regiment,  except  Company  D).  Wounded, 
Captain  Joseph  P.  Ash  and  one  enlisted  man. 

119.  Action  at  Charlottesville,  Va.,  February  29,  1864. — Captain  Abraham  K.  Ar- 

nold (the  regiment,  except  Company  D).  Mortally  wounded,  enlisted 
men,  1  ;  severely  wounded,  1. 

120.  Action  at  Stanardsville,  Va.,  March  1,  1864. — Captain  Abraham  K.  Arnold 

(the  regiment,  except  Company  D).  Mortally  wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ; 
wounded,  1. 

121.  Skirmish  near  Morton's  Ford,  Va.,  March  X,  1864. — Captain  Abraham   K. 

Arnold  (the  regiment,  except  Company  D).  Missing,  enlisted  men,  2. 
[Companies  B,  F,  K,  and  later  detachments  of  C  and  D,  served  on 
escort  duty  with  General  Grant  from  March  24,  1864,  to  April  9,  1865, 
and  participated  in  all  the  general  engagements  about  Richmond,  in 
front  of  Petersburg,  and  in  the  closing  campaign  which  terminated 
with  the  surrender  of  the  Confederate  Army  of  Northern  Virginia  on 
the  9th  of  April,  1865.] 

122.  Skirmish  at  Ragged  Point,  Va.,  April  13,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Frank  W. 

Dickerson  (D,  and  detachment  of  A). 

123.  Battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  Va.,  May  7-8,    1864.— Captain  Abraham  K.  Ar- 

nold (regimental  headquarters,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M.  Companies  A  and  D 
at  Point  Lookout,  Md.)  Killed,  Captain  Joseph  P.  Ash  while  endeav- 
oring to  rally  a  regiment  of  infantry.  Killed,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  mortally 
wounded,  1  ;  severely  wounded,  1. 

124.  Actions  at  Beaver  Dam  Station,  Va.,  May  9-10,  1864. — Captain  Abraham   K. 

Arnold  (regimental  headquarters,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Captured,  Lieu- 
tenants Robert  Sweatman  and  Robert  P.  Wilson  ;  killed,  enlisted  men,  2  ; 
severely  wounded,  2  ;  wounded,  5  ;  missing  and  captured,  59. 

125.  Action  at  Yellow  Tavern,  Va.,  May  II,  1S64. — Captain  Abraham  K.  Arnold 

(regimental  headquarters,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  1. 

126.  Action  at  Meadow  Bridge,  Va.,  May  12,  1864. —  Captain  Abraham   K.  Ar- 

nold (regimental  headquarters,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Missing,  enlisted 
men,  5. 

127.  Skirmish  near  Mechanicsville,   Va.,    May   12,  1864. — Captain  Abraham   K. 

Arnold  (regimental  headquarters,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 
I2S.  Battle  of  Cold  Harbor,  Va.,   May  31,  1864. — Captain   Abraham  K.Arnold 

(regimental  headquarters,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 
129.  Battle  of  Trevillian  Station,  Va.,  June  n-12,  1S64. — Captain  Abraham   K. 

Arnold   (regimental   headquarters,  C,   E,   G,   H,   I,  M).     Killed.  Lieu- 


656  APPENDIX. 

tenant  Joseph  P.  Henley  ;  mortally  wounded,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  severely 
wounded,  2  ;  wounded,  4  ;  missing,  2. 

130.  Battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  July  28,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Thomas  E. 

Maley  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  ;E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Severely 
wounded,  Lieutenant  Thomas  E.  Maley  ;  wounded,  Lieutenant  Gustavus 
Urban.     Killed,  enlisted  men,  3  ;  mortally  wounded,  1  ;  wounded,  9. 

131.  Action  near  Winchester  and  White  Post,  Va.,  August  13,  1864. — First  Lieu- 

tenant Jeremiah  C.  Denney  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H, 
I,  M). 

132.  Guerrilla  affair  near  Charlestown,  Va.,  August  15,  1864. — First  Lieutenant 

Philip  Dwyer  (detachment  Fifth  Cavalry).  Captured,  Lieutenant  Philip 
Dwyer  ;  mortally  wounded,  1  ;  missing,  2. 

133.  Skirmish  near  Shepherdstown,  Va.,  August  17,  1864.— First  Lieutenant  Jere- 

miah C.  Denney  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

134.  Raid  on  Petersburg  and  Weldon  Railway,  Va.,  August    1S-21,  1S64. — Cap- 

tain Julius  W.  Mason  (B,  F,  K). 

135.  Skirmish  near  Front  Royal,  Va.,  August  25,  1864.— First  Lieutenant  Jeremiah 

C.  Denney  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

136.  Skirmishes  near  Kearneysville  and  Shepherdstown,  Va.,  August  25-26,  1864. 

— First  Lieutenant  Jeremiah  C.  Denney  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C, 

D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

137.  Affair  at  White  Post,  Va.,  August  27,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Jeremiah  C. 

Denney  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

138.  Action  at  Smithfield,  Va.,  August  29,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Jeremiah  C. 

Denney  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Killed,  en- 
listed men,  3. 

139.  Affair  at  Berryville,  Va.,  September  3,  1864.— First  Lieutenant  James  Has- 

tings (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

140.  Affair  at  Round  Hill,  Va.,    September  9,    1864. — Second  Lieutenant  John 

Trevor  (H).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

141.  Battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  September  19,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Gustavus 

Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Killed, 
Lieutenant  Richard  Fitzgerald ;  mortally  wounded,  Lieutenant  John 
Trevor  ;  severely  wounded,  Lieutenants  Edward  Murphy  (lost  a  leg)  and 
Kenelm  Robbins.     Killed,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  wounded,  10  ;  missing,  10. 

142.  Action  near  Milford,  in  Luray  Valley,  Va.,  September  22,  1864. — First  Lieu- 

tenant Gustavus  Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H, 
I,  M). 

143.  Skinnish  near  Front  Royal,   Va.,   September  23,    1864. — First    Lieutenant 

Gustavus  Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 
Missing,  enlisted  men,  2. 

144.  Action  near  Luray,  Va.,   September  24,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Gustavus 

Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

145.  Action  near  Woodstock,  Va.,  October  9,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Gustavus 

Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Severely 
wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

146.  Mason's  raid  through  Surry  County,  between  Blackwater  and  James  River, 

Va.,  October  16-18,  1864.— Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (B,  F,  K).  Miss- 
ing, enlisted  men,  I. 

147.  Battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  October  19,  1864. — First  Lieutenant  Gustavus 

Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M,  and  detachment 
of  D).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 


APPENDIX.  657 

14S.   Raid  into  the  Loudon  Valley,  Va.,  November  28-December  3,  [864 

Lieutenant  Gustavus  Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  E,  G,  11,  I, 
M,  and  detachment  ol    1  >). 

149.  Skirmish  near    Madison   Court-House,    Va.,    December    iS,    [864. — Captain 

Edward  11.  Leib  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  E,  G,  II.  I,  M,  and  de- 
tachment of  D). 

150.  Skirmish    near   Gordonsville,    Va.,   December    19.     [864. — Captain    Edward 

H.  Leib  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  E,  G,  II,  I.  M,  and  detach- 
ment of  D). 

151.  Action  near  Paris,  Va.,  December  27,  1S64. — Captain  Edward  H.  Leib  (regi- 

mental headquarters,  A,  C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M,  and  detachment  ..1  I>. 
Wounded,  enlisted  men,  2  ;  missing,  I 

152.  Skirmish    near   Staunton,  Va.,    .March  2.  1865. —  Captain    Edward    II.    Leib 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  (',  D,   E,  G,   11,  I,  M). 

153.  Skirmish  at  Bent's  (reek,    Va.,  March  7,  1865.— Captain    Edward   II.    Leib 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  (',  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

154.  Action  at  South  Anna   Bridge,   near  Taylorsyille,  Va.,    March    12,  1-05.— 

Captain  Edward  II.  Leib  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H, 
L  M). 

155.  Action  near  Five    Forks,   Va.,    March    31,  1865. —Captain   Edward    II.  Led. 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  II,  I,  Ml.  Severely  wounded, 
Captain  Edward  H.  Leib;  captured,  Lieutenant  Jeremiah  C.  Denney. 
Killed,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  wounded,  4  ;  captured,  4. 

156.  Engagement   near  Dinwiddie  Court-Hou>e,  Va.,  March    31,    [865.  — Captain 

Thomas  Drummond  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,   II,  I,  M). 

157.  Battle   of    Five   Forks,    Va.,    April    1,    1S65.— Captain    Thomas   Drummond 

(regimental  headquarters.  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M).  Killed,  Captain 
Thomas  Drummond  ;  captured,  enlisted  men.  5. 

158.  Action  at  Appomattox  River,  Va.,  April  2,  1865.— First  Lieutenant  Gustavus 

Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  11,  I,  Ml.  Wounded, 
enlisted  men,  4. 

159.  Skirmish  at  Burkesville,  Va.,  April  4,  1S65  —  1  ir-t  Lieutenant  Gustavus  Urban 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,  M). 

160.  Skirmish  at  Farmville.  Va.,  April  6,  1S65  —First  Lieutenant  Gustavus  Urban 

(regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D.  E,  G,  H,   i.   Ml. 

161.  Skirmish  at  Prince  Edward's  Court-House,  Va.,  April  7.  (865.— First   Lieu 

tenant  Gustavus  Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  F,  (.,  11, 
1,  Ml. 

162.  Skirmish  at  Amelia  Court-House,  Va.,  April  8,  1865  —  First  Lieutenant  Gus- 

tavus Urban  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  E,  G,  H,  I,    Mi. 
1C3.   The  surrender  at  Appomattox  Curt-House,  Va.,  April  9,  1865. —  First  Lieu- 
tenant Gustavus    Urban   (regimental   headquarters,  A,  C,  D,  F,  G,  11.   I, 
M).      Killed,  enlisted  men,   1  ;  mortally  wounded,  1  ;   wounded,  1. 

164.  Guerrilla  affair   at    Ilartsville,  Tenn.,  October    17,    [866.— First    Lieutenant 

George  F.  Price  (B). 

165.  Guerrilla  affair  near   Black    Jack,  Tenn  ,  November    [8,   1-01,.   -Captain    Ed- 

ward II.  Leib(M). 


.ON    THE    PLAINS,   1868-1871. 

166.  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Kan.,  October  14,  [863.      Major  William  B.  Royall  (L). 
Killed,  enlisted  men,  I  ;  wounded,   1. 
42 


658  APPENDIX. 

167.  Shuter  Creek,  Kan.,  October  25,  1S6S.— Major  Eugene  A.  Carr  (A,  B,  F,  H, 

I,  L,  M).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 
16S.   North  branch  of   Solomon    River,  Kan.,  October  26,  1S6S. — Major  Eugene 

A.  Carr  (A,  B,  F,  H,  I,  L,  M). 

169.  Canadian  River  Expedition,  Colorado,  Texas,  and  the  Indian  Territory,  De- 

cember 2,  iS68-February  19,  1S69. — Major  Eugene  A.  Carr  (A,  B,  F,  H, 
I,  L,   M).       . 

170.  Beaver  Creek,  Neb.,  May  13,  1S69. — Major  Eugene  A.  Carr  (A,  B,  F,  H,  I, 

L,  M).     Killed,  enlisted  men,  4  ;  wounded,  3. 

171.  Spring  Creek,  Neb.,  May  16,  1S69. — Major  Eugene  A.  Carr  (A,  B,  F,  H,  I, 

L,  M).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

172.  On  the  Republican   River,  near  Spring  Creek,  Neb.,  June  15,  1869. — Major 

William  B.  Royall  (A,  B,  M).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  2. 

173.  Deer  Creek,  Kan.,  June  16,  1869. — First  Lieutenant  Charles  B.  Brady  (L). 

174.  Sand-hills  near  Frenchman's  Fork,  Col.,  July  5,  1S69. — Major  William  B. 

Royall  (A,  E,  M). 
175-   Dog  Creek,  Col.,  July  8,  1869. — Corporal  John  Kyle  (M). 
176    Rock  Creek,  Col.,  July  8,    1869.— Major  Eugene  A.   Carr  (A,  C,  D,  E,  G, 

H,  M). 
177.  Summit  Springs,  Col.,  July  11,  1869. — Major  Eugene  A.  Carr  (A,  C,  D,  E, 

G,  H,  M). 

175.  Sand-hills    south  of  Julesburg,  Col.,   August  2,    1S69. — Major  William    B. 

Royall  (C,  D,  F,  G,  H,  I,  L). 
179.  The  Niobrara  pursuit,  Colorado  and   Nebraska,  August  3-11,  1869. — Major 

William  B.  Royall  (C,  D,  F,  G,  H,  I,  L). 
1S0.   Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Kan.,  September  26,  1S69. — Lieutenant  Colonel  Thomas 

Duncan  (B,  E,  F,  L,  M). 

181.  Walnut  Hill,  Lee  County,  Va.,  December  9,  1S69. — First  Lieutenant  James 

Burns  (K).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1 

182.  Walnut  Hill,  Lee  County,  Va.,  December  10,  1S69. — First  Lieutenant  James 

Burns  (K).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

183.  Red   Willow  Creek,    Neb.,    June    8,    1S70.— Second   Lieutenant    Earl    D. 

Thomas  (I). 
1S4.   Birdwood  Creek,  Neb.,  May  24,  1S71. — First  Lieutenant  Edward  M.  Hayes, 
(regimental  quartermaster,  detachments  of  G,  H,  I,  L). 


THE  APACHE    CAMPAIGNS    IN    ARIZONA,   1S72-1S75. 

185.  Juniper  Mountain,  April  25,  1S72. — Sergeant  John  V.  Whiteford  (K). 

186.  Black  Mountains,  May  6,  1S72. — First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  (K). 

1S7.   Mexican  crossing  of  the  Verde  River,   May  19,  1872. — Captain   Robert  P. 

Wilson  (A). 
1      .    1  lead-waters  of  Ash  Creek,  May  20,  1872. — First  Sergeant   Rudolph  Stauffer 

(K).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  2. 

189.  Gardner's  Ranch  in  the  Senoita  Valley,  July  1,  1S72. — Lance  Corporal  Oscar 

Von  Stedingk  (F). 

190.  Big  Canon  ot   Bill  Williams'  Fork,  July  5,  1S72. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason 

(K). 

191.  Whetstone  Mountains,  July  13,  1S72  — Second   Lieutenant  William   P.  Hall 

(F).     Severely  wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  wounded,  1. 


APPENDIX.  659 

192.  Moore's  Ranch  in   the  Senoita  Valley,  July  25,  1S72. — Lance  Corporal  Oscar 

Von  Stedingk  (F). 

193.  Davidson's   Canon,  August    27,  1872. — Second   Lieutenant    Reid   T.    Stewart 

(F).      Killed,  Lieutenant  Reid  T.  Stewart  and  one  enlisted  man. 

194.  Outbreak   at   Camp  Date  Creek,  September  8,  1S72. — First  Lieutenant  Wil- 

liam J.  Volkmar  (E).      Severely  wounded,  enlisted  men,  I. 

195.  Muchos  Canons,  near  the  head-waters  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Big  Sandy, 

September  25,  1872.— Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (B,  C,  K). 

196.  Senoita    Valley,    near    Camp    Crittenden,    September    30,    1872.  — Sergeant 

George  Stewart  (F).      Killed,  enlisted  men,  4. 

197.  Branch  of  the  Santa  Maria,  October  24,  1872. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason 

(B,  C,  K). 

198.  Sycamore  Creek,  October  25,  1S72. — Captain  Julius  W.  Mason  (B,  C,  K). 

199.  Hell  Canon,  Red  Rock  Country,  November  20,  1S72. — Captain  Emil  Adam 

(C). 

200.  Red  Rock  Canon,  November  25,  1872. — Captain   Emil  Adam  (C).     Wound- 

ed, enlisted  men,  1. 

201.  Red  Rock  Country,  November  26,  1872.— Captain  Robert  H.  Montgomery 

(B). 

202.  Oak  Creek,  December  6,  1872. — Second  Lieutenant  Frank  Michler  (K). 

203.  West   side  of  the  Verde  River,  south  of  Camp  Verde,  December  7,  1872. — 

First  Lieutenant  Albert  E.  Woodson  (A). 

204.  Sycamore   Creek,   December    8,  1872. — Second    Lieutenant  Frank   Michler 

(K). 

205.  Sycamore  Creek,  December  9,  1872. — Second  Lieutenant  Frank  Michler  1  K  1. 

206.  North   branch   of    Baby   Canon,    December    13,    1S72  — Second    Lieutenant 

Charles  D.  Parkhurst  (E). 

207.  Forks  of  Baby  Canon,  December  13,  1S72. — Captain  George  F.  Price  (E). 
20S.   Red  Rocks,  December  14,  1872. — Second  Lieutenant  Frank  Michler  (K). 

209.  Indian  Run,  near  the  Verde  River,  December  14,  1S72. — Captain  George  F. 

Price  (E). 

210.  North  of  the  Four  Peaks,  December  22,  1S72. — Captain  James  Burns  (G). 

211.  Bed  Rock  Springs,  in   Pleasant  Valley,  December  28,  1S72. — Second    Lieu- 

tenant Edward  L.  Keyes  (H). 

212.  The  Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon,  December  28,  1S72. — Captain  William  II. 

Brown  (G,  L,  M). 

213.  Turkey  Creek,  December  28,  1S72. — Corporal  James  E.  Bailey  (E). 

214.  North  of  Baby  Canon,  December  29,  1S72.— Corporal  Frank  E.   Hill  (E). 

215.  Mouth  of    Baby  Canon,  December  30,    1672.  — First  Sergeant   William   L. 

Day(E). 

216.  Clear  Creek,  January  2,  1873 — Second  Lieutenant  Frank  Michler   (K).      Se- 

verely wounded,  enlisted  men.  1. 

217.  Pinto   Creek,  January  16,  1S73.  —  Captain  William    II.  Brown   (B,  C,  G,  11. 

L,  M). 
21S.   East  branch  of  the  Verde   River,   January  19,  [873.— First    Sergeant  William 
L.  Day  (E). 

219.  Tonto   Creek,    January  22,  1S73. — Second    Lieutenant    I  rank    Michler   (  K  I. 

Killed,  enlisted  men,  1. 

220.  Mazatzal   Mountains,   March    19,  1873.— Second    Lieutenant    Frank    Michlei 

(K). 


660  APPENDIX. 

221.  Near  Turret  Mountain,  on  the  Verde  River,  March  25,  1S73. — First  Sergeant 

James  M.  Hill  (A). 

222.  Turret    Mountain,   on    the  Verde    River,  March  27,  1S73. — Sergeant  Daniel 

Bishop  (A l. 

223.  Outbreak  at  the  San  Carlos  Agency,  May  27,  1873. — First  Lieutenant  Jacob 

Almy  (M).      Rilled,  Lieutenant  Jacob  Almy. 

224.  Seven   miles   north-east   of  the  Forks  of  Tonto  Creek,  June  16,  1S73.  —  First 

Lieutenant  John  B.  Babcock  (C).     Slightly  wounded,  Lieutenant  John  B. 
Babcock. 

225.  Lost  River,  June  26,  1873. — Second  Lieutenant  Walter  S.  Schuyler  (detach- 

ment Fifth  Cavalry). 

226.  Castle  Dome  Mountains,  July  2,  1873. — Captain  James  Burns  (G). 

227.  Santa    Teresa    Mountains,    July   3,    1873. — Second   Lieutenant    Charles    H. 

Watts  (F,  M). 
22S.   Thirty  miles    west    of  Camp    Date    Creek,    July   13,    1S73. — Captain   James 
Burns  (G). 

229.  Near  the  San  Carlos  Agency,  August  26,  1S73. — Second  Lieutenant  Charles 

H.  Watts  (M). 

230.  Black    Mesa,  September   22,  1S73  — Second   Lieutenant   Walter  S.  Schuyler 

(K). 

231.  Sierra    Ancha    Range,    September    29,    1S73. — Captain    William   II.    Brown 

(F,  L). 

232.  Mazatzal  Mountains,  October  28,  1873. — Captain  William  II.  Brown  (1",  L). 

233.  North-east    of  Sunflower   Valley,  in    the    Mazatzal   Mountains,   October  29, 

1873.— Captain  William  H.  Brown  (F,  L). 

234.  Sycamore  Springs,  in   the  Mazatzal  Mountains,  October  30,  1S73. — Captain 

William  H.  Brown  (F,  L). 

235.  Eighteen   miles   below  Ehrenberg,  near   the    Colorado   River,  November  25, 

1S73. — Captain  James  Burns  iG). 

236.  East  branch  of  the   Verde    River,   December  4,    1S73. — Second   Lieutenant 

WalterS.  Schuyler  (K). 

237.  Nonh    side    of  the   Sierra   Ancha,    December    15,    1S73. — Sergeant    Edward 

Higgin-  (( '1. 

238.  East   branch    of  the  Verde  River,   December   t8,    1  s 73. — Sergeant    Edward 

Higgins  (C). 

239.  Near    Ilaidscrabble    Creek,    December    21,    1873. — Sergeant    Edward    Hig- 

gins (C). 

240.  Cave  Creek,  December  23,  1873. — Second  Lieutenant  Walter  S.  Schuyler  (K). 

241.  Sunflower  Valley,  near  Four  Peaks,  December  31,  1873. — First    Lieutenant 

John  B.  Babcock  (B). 

242.  Wild  Rye  Creek,  January  4,  1S74. — First  Lieutenant  John  B.  Babcock  (B). 

243.  Near  the   head   of  Cherry  Creek,  north-east   of  Pleasant  Valley,  January  8, 

[874.  —  First  Lieutenant  John  B.  Babcock  (B). 

244.  Green  Valley,  January  9,  1S74. — Sergeant  Edward  Higgins  (C). 

245.  Canon  Creek,  January  10,  1S74. — Second  Lieutenant  Walter  S.  Schuyler  (K). 

246.  Santa   Teresa    Mountains,    February  20,  1874. — First    Lieutenant   Alfred    B. 

Bache(F,  H,  L,  M). 

247.  Santa  Teresa   Mountains,  February    21,  1S74. — Captain  John    M.  Hamilton 

(F,  II,  L,  M). 


APPENDIX. 


661 


24s.   Near  Camp  Pinal,  March  8.  [874.  -('..plain  John  M.  Hamilton  (B,  F,  II.  I, 
L,  M).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

249.  Superstition     Mountains,    March    25,     [874.— Second     Lieutenant     Walter    S. 

Schuyler  ( K). 

250.  Superstition    Mountains,    March    26,    [874.— Second    Lieutenant    Walter    S. 

Schuyler  i  K). 

251.  Apache  Creek,  April  2,  1874.— Firs)  Lieutenant  Alfred   B.  Bache  (F,  L,  M ). 

252.  Pinal  Mountains,  April  3,  1874— Captain  J(,,,n  M-  Hamilton  (B,  H,  1 1. 

253.  Pinal  Mountains,  April  5,  1874.— Captain  John  M.   Hamilton  (B,   11,  1  >• 

254.  Music    Mountains,    in    the    Diamond    River    country,    April   6,   [874.— First 

Lieutenant  Ear]   1  >.  Thomas  (('.). 

255.  Mears'  Wells,  Cerbat   Mountains,  April  8,  1874.— First   Lieutenant  Earl  D. 

Thomas  (('.). 

•    256.   Santa     Teresa    Mountains,  April    II,    1874.— Captain    John    M.    Hamilton 

(B,  II,  I). 

257.   Santa    Teresa   Mountains,  April    12,    1874.— Captain    John    M.    Hamilton 

(B,  II,  I). 

25S.   Santa    Teresa    Mountains,  April    14,    1874.— Captain    John    M.    Hamilton 

(B,  H,  I). 

259.  Arivapa  Mountains,  near   the    Gila  River,  April  28,  1874.— Second  Lieuten- 

ant Walter  S.  Schuyler  (K). 

260.  North  of  the  San  Carlos  Agency,  April  28,  1874.— Captain   John  M.  Hamil- 

ton (B,  H,  I). 

261.  On  south  side  of  Salt  River,  south-east  of  the  canon,  April  30,  1874.— Cap- 

tain John  M.  Hamilton  (B,  H,  I). 

262.  Near  Tonto  Creek,  May  9,  1874.— First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  I  A,  K). 

263.  Mazatzal    Mountains,  on  west   side   of  the  Lour  Peaks,  May  17,   (874.     Sec- 

ond Lieutenant  Walter  S.  Schuyler  (E,  K). 

264.  In  the  Four  Peaks,  Mazatzal  Mountains,  May  iS,  1S74.— Second    Lieutenant 

Walter  S.  Schuyler  (E,  K). 

265.  Summit  of  Stauffer's  Butte,  north-west  of  Diamond  Butte,  May  25,  1^74 

First  Lieutenant  Charles  King  (K). 

266.  Sierra  Ancha,  six  miles  east  of  Tonto  Creek,  May  27,  1874.— Sergeant   Ber- 

nard Taylor  (A). 

267.  Black    Mesa,  near    east    branch    of  the    Verde    River,    June    3,  1874.— First 

Lieutenant  Charles  King  (K). 
26S.  Sierra  Ancha,  June  5,  1S74. — Sergeant  Lewis  Comley  (I). 

269.  Santa  Teresa  Mountains,  June  6,  1874.— First  Lieutenant  Edward  W.  Ward 

(H,  L,  M). 

270.  Near  the    North  Peak  of  the  Mazatzal  Mountains,  August  1,   1-74.— Second 

Lieutenant  Walter  S.  Schuyler  (K). 

271.  On  the  Mesa,  near  new  road  from  Camp  Verde  to  Camp  Apache,  August    20, 

1874.— Sergeant  Henry  P.  Butler  (B). 

272.  On  the  Mesa,  near  new  road  from  Camp  Verde  to  Camp  Apache,  August  21, 

1874. — Sergeant  Henry  P.  Butler  (B). 

273.  Head-waters  of  Cave  Creek,  September  17,  1S74.— Sergeant  Alexander  Gar- 

ner (  K  I. 
274    (anon  of  (  hevlon's  hoik  of  Little  Colorado  River,  October  23,  1874. — First 

Lieutenant  Bernard  Reillv,  Jr.  (I). 
275.  Cave  Creek,  October  29,  1874. — First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  |  K  |. 


662  APPENDIX. 

276.  Sunset  Pass,  eighteen  miles  from  Little  Colorado  River,  November  1,  1874. — 

First    Lieutenant    Charles    King  (A,  K).      Severely  wounded,  Lieutenant 
Charles  King. 

277.  Lake  Creek  Canon,  November  24,  1874.— Captain  Robert  H.  Montgomery 

(B). 

278.  Snow  Lake,  near  Jarvis  Pass,  November  2S,  1S74  — Second  Lieutenant  George 

O.  Eaton  (A,  K) 

279.  Snow  Lake,  near  Jarvis  Pass,  November  29,  1S74. — Second  Lieutenant  George 

O.  Eaton  (A,  K). 
2S0.  Canon    Creek,    in    Tonto    Basin,    December  1,   1S74. — Captain    Robert    H. 

Montgomery  (B). 
281.  Sierra  Ancha,  twenty-five  miles  north-east  of  Fort  Reno,  January  29,  1S75. — 

First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  (K). 


ON    THE    PLAINS,    1875-1883. 

282.  Canon  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  forty  miles  south  of 
Buffalo  Station,  Kan.,  October  27,  1875. — Captain  John  M.  Hamilton 
(H).     Wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  missing,  2. 

253.  On   a   tributary  of   the   Cimarron   River,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles 

east  of  Camp  Supply,  Indian  Ter.,  January  22,  1876. — Second  Lieuten- 
ant Hoel  S.  Bishop  (G). 

254.  Near   the   south   branch   of  Cheyenne   River,    Wyo.,  July  3,  1876. — Major 

Julius  W.  Mason,  Third  Cavalry  (then  serving  as  a  captain  in  the  regi- 
ment) (I,  K). 

285.  War  Bonnet  (Indian  Creek),  Wyo.,  July  17,  1S76. — Colonel  Wesley  Mer- 
ritt  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  B,  D,  G,  I,  K,  M). 

236.  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.,  September  9,  1S76. — Lieutenant-Colonel  Eugene  A.  Carr 
(regimental  headquarters,  A,  B,  C,  D,  E,  F,  G,  I,  K,  M).  Mortally 
wounded,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  severely  wounded,  2  ;  wounded,  2. 

2S7.  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.,  September  10,  1S76.— Major  John  J.  Upham  (A,  B,  G, 
I,  M).     Severely  wounded,  enlisted  men,  1. 

288.  Chadron  Creek,  Neb.,  October  23,  1876. — Major  George  A.  Gordon  (H,  L). 

289.  Bates   Creek   (north  branch  of  Powder  River),  Wyo.,  November  25,  1S76. — 

Major  George  A.  Gordon  (H,  L).  Killed,  enlisted  men,  1  ;  mortally 
wounded,  1  ;  severely  wounded,  1  ;  wounded,  1. 

290.  Ross    Fork    Agency,    Idaho,    January    16,    1S78. — Major   Veiling    K.   Hart 

(B,  F,  I). 

291.  Buffalo  Fork  of  Snake  River,  twenty  miles  south  of  Yellowstone  Lake,  Wyo  , 

September  16,  1878 — Second  Lieutenant  Hoel  S.  Bishop  (G). 

292.  Action  and  siege  of  Milk  Creek,    Col.,    September  29-October  5,  1S79. — 

Captain  J.  Scott  Payne  (D,  F).  Twice  wounded,  Captain  J.  Scott  Payne 
and  Lieutenant  James  V.  S.  Paddock  ;  killed,  enlisted  men,  S  ; 
wounded,  15. 

293.  Raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  October  5,  1879. — Colonel 

Wesley  Merritt  (regimental  headquarters,  A,  B,  I,  M). 

294.  Rifle    Creek,    twenty   miles   south   of    the    White    River  Agency.   Col.,    Oc- 

tober 20,  1S79. — First  Lieutenant  William  P.  Hall,  regimental  quarter- 
master (detachment  Fifth  Cavalry).  Killed.  Lieutenant  William  B.  Weir. 
Ordnance  Department,  and  Paul  F.  A.  Humme,  formerly  a  sergeant- 
major  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 


APPENDIX.  608 


No.    10 


ROLL  OF  HONOR  OF  ENLISTED    MEN    OF  THE  FIFTH 
CAVALRY. 


TEXAS,   1S55-1860. 

1.  Head-waters  of  the  Nueces    February  22,  1856. — "Severely  wounded,"  Ser- 

geant Samuel  Reis  and  Private  John  Kuhn  (C). 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14, 
Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

2.  Guadalupe  River,  March  8, 1S56. — "  Distinguished  for  gallant  conduct,"  First 

Sergeant  Henry  Gordon,  Sergeant  Thomas  E.  Maley,  and  Corporal  John 
E.  Weige  (I). 

"The  command  was  complimented  upon  its  brilliant  success,  and  re- 
ceived the  thanks  of  the  department  commander."  (G.  O.  Department  of 
Texas,  series  1856.) 

3.  Head-waters  of  the  Concho,    May  1,  1856. — "Distinguished  for  gallant  con- 

duct," Sergeant  Alex.  McK.  Craig,  Privates  James   Montgomery,  John  M. 
Plample,  and  William  C.  Smith  (C). 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

4.  Head-Waters  of  the  Brazos  and  Colorado  rivers,  July  I,  1856. 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

5.  6,  7.  Junction  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  Pecos  River,  August  30,  1856. 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

9.   Head-waters  of  the  Main  Concho,  November  26,  1856. —  "  Severely  wounded," 
Private  John  Curtis  (G). 

10.  Rio  Grande,  December  21,  1856. 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

n.   Head-waters  of  the   Main   Concho,    December  22,  1S56 — "Killed,"  Bugler 
Ryan  Campion  and   Private  Timothy  Lamb  (F).     "  Wounded,"  Sergeant 

Thomas  Gardner  and  Private  John  McKim  (F). 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1S57.) 


664  APPENDIX. 

13.  Kickapoo   Creek,    February  13,    1857. — "  Killed,"  Private  John    Martin   (D). 

"Wounded,"    Bugler  James   Taffold    (D).      "Honorable  mention,"  First 
■     Sergeant  Walter   McDonald  (D).      (G.    O.    No.   4,    Headquarters  of    the 
Army,  March  30,  1857). 

14.  Head-waters  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Nueces,  April  4,  1S57. 

There  were  thirteen  men  of  Company  B  in  this  affair,  which  was  so  gal- 
lantly fought  that  all  the  men  are  entitled  to  honorable  mention  ;  but,  un- 
fortunately, the  records  do  not  furnish  their  names. 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation ."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

17.  Head-waters  of  the   Rio  Frio,  June  30,  1857.  —  "Honorable  mention,"  Cor- 

poral John  Boyden  (B). 

18.  South  branch  of  the  Llano  River,  July  2,  1857. — "  Honorable  mention,"  Ser- 

geant William  P.  Leverett  (B). 

19.  Head  waters  of  Devil's  River,  July  20,    1857. — "  Killed,"  Privates  Thomas 

Ryan  and  William  Barry  (G).  "  Wounded,"  Privates  John  Davit,  Wil 
liam  W.  Williams,  John  J.  Kane,  and  Thomas  E.  Tirrell  (G). 

The  following-named  men  of  Company  G  are  entitled  to  "honorable 
mention  "  in  addition  to  those  reported  killed  and  wounded  :  Sergeant 
Joseph  P.  Henley,  Corporal  Henry  Jones,  Farrier  Charles  Wessenger, 
Privates  David  M.  Bodfish,  William  Conroy,  Benjamin  Dudley,  Michael 
Dougherty,  Timothy  Griffin,  Richard  Hopkins,  John  Kendall,  William  S. 
B.  McManus,  Patrick  McCasker,  Joseph  B.  Perkins,  Herman  Rost,  William 
Roughan,  Francis  Sommers,  Thomas  Swan,  and  Benjamin  H.  Wancoop 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1S57  ) 

20.  Wichita  Mountains,  August  10,  1857. 

"  The  men  conducted  themselves  so  gallantly  that  it  is  impossible  to 
make  a  special  mention  of  any  one  of  the  number."  (Official  report  of 
Captain  Whiting,  August  30,  1857.) 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

22.  Santa  Catarina,  September  28,  1857. — "  Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  Charles 

M.  Patrick  and  Private  John  McCarty  (I). 

"  Highly  commended  for  persistent  pursuit,  gallant  conduct,  and  suc- 
cessful encounter."     (Official  report  of  Captain  Brackett.) 

"  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  troops  under  circumstances  of  great  hard- 
ship and  privation  is  entitled  to  high  approbation."  (G.  O  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters of  the  Army,  November  13,  1857.) 

23.  Verde  River,  October  30,  1857. 

"  The  conduct  of  the  troops  is  deserving  of  high  praise  for  gallantry." 
(G.  O.  No.  22,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  10,  1858). 

24.  Seventy  miles   north-east   of  the    Nueces,    November  8,  1857.  — "  Wounded," 

Private  Louis  Gehrung  (C),  Privates  Charles  Morris  and  Patrick  Connell 
(K). 

"  The  conduct  of  the  troops  is  deserving  of  high  praise  for  gallantry." 
(G.  O.  No.  22,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  10,  1858.) 


APPENDIX.  665 

2d.  South  branch  of  the  Llano  River,  January  2S,  1858. — "  Wounded,"  Private 
Thomas  Hughes,  Louis  Stroacher,  and  John  Tanny  (D). 

"Honorable  mention":  "This  is  the  second  time  that  the  conduct  of 
First  Sergeant  Walter   McDonald,  while  on  scouting  duty,  lias  elicited  the 

mention  of  his  name  in  orders.  His  energy 'and  daring  are  eminently 
worthy  the  emulation  of  every  soldier  in  the  department."  (G.  O.  No. 
5,    Headquarters  Department  of  Texas,  February  13,   [858.) 

"The  conduct  of  the  troops  is  deserving  of  high  praise  for  gallantry." 
(G.  O.  No.  22,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  10,  185S.) 

27.  Wichita  Village,  October  I,  1858. — "  Killed,"  Privates  Peter  Magan,  Henry 
Howard,  and  Jacob  Echard  (II).  "  .Mortally  wounded,"  Sergeant  [ames 
E.  Garrison  (F).  "Wounded,"  Corporal  Joseph  P.  Taylor  (A) ;  Privates 
Cyrus  C.  Emery,  Ambrose  J.  McNamara,  and  William  Franck  (F)  ; 
Sergeant  Curwen  B.  McLellan,  Corporal  Bishop  Gordon,  Bugler  Michael 
Axbogast,  and  Private  Carroll  C.  Alexander  (II)  ;  Private  Smith  Hinck- 
ley (  K  I. 

"  (  onspicuous mention  ":  "  First  Sergeant  John  W.  Spangler  (II),  for  his 
cool  courage,  daring  intrepidity,  and  gallant  bearing  throughout  the  whole 
engagement,  together  with  his  skill  and  fortune  in  having  killed  six  of  the 
enemy  in  personal  combat,  deserves,  and  has  received,  the  admiration  of 
1  he  officers  of  his  company  and  the  commanding  officer."  (Orders  No.  26, 
Headquarters  Department  of  Texas,  November  6,  1858.) 

"Honorable  mention  "  :  "I  am  equally  indebted  in  the  same  manner  to 
all  the  soldiers  of  my  command,  who,  under  all  the  circumstances  of  the 
forced  march  and  of  the  battle,  proved  themselves  to  be  soldiers  worthy  of 
the  name.  Their  gallantry,  personal  bravery,  and  intrepidity  are  the 
admiration  of  their  officers,  but  they  feel  themselves  unable  to  discrimi- 
nate where  all  are  brave."  (Official  report  of  Captain  Van  Dorn,  October 
5,  1S58.) 

"  The  men  did  their  duty  in  the  most  gallant  manner.  It  rarely  hap- 
pens that  a  command  so  efficient  is  assembled."  (Official  report  of  Briga- 
dier-General  Twiggs,  October  18,  1858.) 

"  A  victory  more  decisive  and  complete  than  any  recorded  in  the  history 
of  our  Indian  warfare.  The  general  commanding  the  department  hoped 
much  from  this  command,  and  he  is  most  happy  to  say  that  the  brilliancy 
of  its  success  has  been  such  as  to  exceed  his  most  sanguine  expectations. 
The  non-commissioned  officers  and  privates  of  Companies  A,  F,  H,  and 
K  engaged  in  the  conflict  are  alike  deserving  the  highest  meed  of  com- 
mendation that  can  be  bestowed  upon  them."  (Orders  No.  25,  Headquar- 
ters Department  of  Texas,  October  19,  1S58.) 

"  A  most  decisive  and  important  victory.  The  non-commissioned  offi- 
cers and  privates  of  Companies  A,  F,  II,  and  K  are  entitled  to  great  com- 
mendation for  their  gallantry."  (G.  O.  No.  22,  Headquarters  of  the 
Army,  November  10,  1858.) 

28.  Presidio   de   San   Vicente,  May  2,   1859. — "Good   conduct,"    First    Sergeant 

Henry  Gordon,  Privates  John  McEnerny  and  Joseph  Neil!  (1). 

"  Gallant  acts  and  soldier-like  endurance  of  hardships  highly  creditable 
to  the  troops."  (G.  O.  No.  5,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November 
10,  1859.) 

29.  Small  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  C.  N.,  May 

13.  1859.  —  "  Killed,"  Private  Willis  Burrows  (G).     '*  Mortally  wounded, 
Sergeant  William   P.  Leverett  (B).      "  Wounded,"  Sergeant    Thomas   El- 
liott, Privates  William  Moore,   Patrick   Kenevane,  and  Eugene  Camus  ( A  1; 

43 


666  APPENDIX. 

Sergeant  Peter  Alba,  Privates  Isaac  Chrisman,  Benjamin  Jones,  and  Wil- 
liam Hartley  (B)  ;  First  Sergeant  John  W.  Spangler,  Corporal  George 
Nicholls,  and  Private  Samuel  Rorison  (H). 

"  A  too  high  meed  of  praise  for  gallantry  and  unflinching  courage  cannot 
be  awarded  to  the  men  who  have  achieved  this  success  over  so  desperate  a 
foe.  It  required  the  coolest  and  most  undaunted  individual  bravery  to  ad- 
vance upon  the  danger  that  presented  itself  in  this  fearful  ravine.  The 
troops  of  this  command  moved,  as  it  were,  into  darkness  ;  and,  with  a 
courage  that  challenged  admiration,  felt  for  the  danger  they  were  called 
upon  to  encounter."     (Official  report  of  Captain  Van  Dorn,  May  31,  1859.) 

"A  decisive  victory.  Conspicuous  gallantry  highly  creditable  to  the 
troops."     (G  O.  No.  13,  Headquarters  Department  of  Texas,  1859.) 

"  The  fight  was  sharp  and  bloody,  and  took  place  on  foot  in  a  thick 
jungle.  The  combat  was  highly  creditable  to  the  troops."  (G.  O.  No.  5, 
Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  10,  1859.) 

30.  The  Ebonal,  near  Brownsville  (Cortinas'  raid),  December  14,  1859. 

"  All  the  men  behaved  well."  (Official  report  of  Major  S.  P.  Heintzel- 
man.) 

31.  North  branch  of  the  Guadalupe  River,  December  14,  1S59. 

"Honorable  mention":  "Corporal  Patrick  Collins  (I)  conducted  the 
scout  with  discretion  and  eneigy.  Privates  Matthew  Kennedy  and  Henry 
Weiss  (I)  are  specially  mentioned.  The  men  all  behaved  in  the  best 
manner."  (G.  O.  No.  II,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  23, 
i860.) 

32.  Rio  Grande  City,  near  Ringgold  Barracks  (Cortinas'  raid),  December  27,  1859. 

"  The  enemy  were  driven  from  every  position  taken  for  ten  miles, 
when  they  dispersed.  Captain  Stoneman  dismounted  his  company  (E)  and 
drove  a  party  across  the  Rio  Grande.  About  sixty  of  the  enemy  were 
killed."     (Official  report  of  Major  S.  P.  Heintzelman.) 

"  This  was  a  brilliant  affair  and  reflects  high  credit  upon  the  soldiers." 
(G.  O.  No.  II,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  23,  i860.) 

33.  Pecan  Bayou,  January  16,  i860. 

"  Specially  noticed  for  good  conduct  "  :  Bugler  Edward  M.  Hayes,  Pri- 
vates Benjamin  Jones,  Robert  W.  Turner,  and  William  McLean  (B). 
"Commended  for  soldierly  behavior,"  Corporal  John  M.  Smith  and  Pri- 
vate Francis  M.  Alexander  (B).  (G.  O.  No.  II,  Headquarters  of  the 
Army,  November  23,  i860.) 

34.  Head-waters  of  Kickapoo  Creek,  January  26,  i860. 

"  Conduct  greatly  commended,"  First  Sergeant  Robert  N.  Chapman  (A). 
(G.  O.  No.  11,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  23,  1S60.) 

35.  Aqua  Frio,  January  29,  i860. — "  Wounded,"  Privates  Joseph  Blythe  and  Mi- 

chael Flinn  (C). 

"  The  commanding  officer  of  Camp  Lawson  gives  great  credit  to  Ser 
geant  Alex.  McK.  Craig  and  his  whole  party  (C)  for  energy  in  the  pursuit 
and  bravery  in  the  combat."  (G.  O.  No.  11,  Headquarters  of  the  Army, 
November  23,  1S60.) 

Camp  Chacon,  near  Laredo,  March  26,  1S60. —  "Chilled  to  death"  because 
of  exposure,  in  the  line  of  their  duty,  to  the  intensely  cold  weather  pre- 
vailing at  that  time,  Privates  Thomas  Gaskin  and  Richard  Keegan  (I). 


APrENDIX.  r'(»7 

38.  Salt  branch  of  the  Brazos  River,  August  26,  i860.—"  Wounded,"  Chief  Bu- 

gler August  Hausser  ;  Privates  John  Zito  and  Casper  Siddel,  of  the  band  ; 
Privates  Hugh  Clark  and  William  Murphy  (D).  (Murphy  died  from  the 
effects  of  his  wound,  November  23,  1S60  ) 

39.  Sabano  Creek,  August  27,  i860 — "  Killed,"  Private  James  Cunningham  (B). 

"  Honorable  mention,"  Private McLaughlin  1  P.). 

"Honorable  mention":  "  Cofporal  John  Rutter  (B)  deserves  commen- 
dation for  persevering  in  the  pursuit  during  the  heavy  rain-storm,  and 
when  even  the  Indians  were  awaiting,  in  camp,  a  change  of  weather." 
(G.  O.  No.  II,  Headquarters  of  the  Army,  November  23,  i860.) 

40.  Pease    River,    December    19,  i860. — "  Honorable    mention,"    First    Sergeant 

John  W.  Spangler  (H).  He  closed  the  record  of  the  engagements  for  the 
year  with  a  brilliant  success. 


THE   WAR   OF   THE    REBELLION,    1861-1S65. 

War  Department,  Adjutant-General's  Office, 
Washington,  D.  C,  June  2,  1865. 

(General  Orders  No.  108.) 
Soldiers  of  the  Armies  of  the  United  States  : 

By  your  patriotic  devotion  to  your  country  in  the  hour  of  danger  and 
alarm,  your  magnificent  fighting,  bravery,  and  endurance,  you  have  main- 
tained the  supremacy  of  the  Union  and  the  Constitution,  overthrown  all 
armed  opposition  to  the  enforcement  of  the  laws  and  of  the  proclamation 
forever  abolishing  slavery — the  cause  and  pretext  of  the  rebellion — and 
opened  the  way  to  the  rightful  authorities  to  restore  order  and  inaugurate 
peace  on  a  permanent  and  enduring  basis  on  every  foot  of  American  soil. 

Your  marches,  sieges,  and  battles,  in  distance,  duration,  resolution,  and 
brilliancy  of  result,  dim  the  lustre  of  the  world's  past  military  achieve- 
ments, and  will  be  the  patriot's  precedent  in  defence  of  liberty  and  right 
in  all  time  to  come. 

In  obedience  to  your  country's  call  you  left  your  homes  and  families 
and  volunteered  in  its  defense.  Victory  has  crowned  your  valor  and  se- 
cured the  purpose  of  your  patriot  hearts;  and,  with  the  gratitude  of  your 
countrymen  and  the  highest  honor  a  great  and  free  nation  can  accord,  you 
will  soon  be  permitted  to  return  to  your  homes  and  families,  conscious  of 
having  discharged  the  highest  duty  of  American  citizens. 

To  achieve  these  glorious  triumphs,  and  secure  to  yourselves,  your  fel- 
low-countrymen, and  posterity  the  blessings  of  free  institutions,  ten-,  of 
thousands  of  your  gallant  comrades  have  fallen  and  sealed  the  priceless 
legacy  with  their  lives.  The  graves  of  these  a  grateful  nation  bedews 
with  tears,  honors  their  memories,  and  will  ever  cherish  and  support  their 
stricken  families.  U.    S    GR  \m. 

Lieutenant-General. 

4"    Skirmish  at  Fairfax  Court-House,  Va.,  Line  1,  186]  — "  Wounded,"  Corporals 

William    Max   and   Turner,   Privates  Thomas  J    Sinclair.   Baggs, 

and  Lynch  (B). 

43.   Action   at   Falling   Waters,  Va.,   July  2,  1SI.1.  — "  Killed,"  one   enlisted    man, 
name  unknown. 


668  APPENDIX. 

46.  Skirmish  near  Blackburn's  Ford,  Va. ,  July  18,  1S61. — "  Wounded,"  Sergeant 

Rowan  (G)  ;  Private Cook,  and  one  other,  name  unknown  (I). 

47.  Battle  of  Bull  Run,  Va.,  July  21,  1861. — "  Wounded,"  Privates  James  Brierly 

and  Charles  P.  Thurston  (B)  ;  Privates  James  Dowd  and  William  McGee 
(E)  ;  two  privates,  names  unknown  (G)  ;  three  privates,  names  unknown  (I). 

48.  Skirmish  at   Flint    Hill   (near  Vienna),  Va.,  October  20,  1861. — "Wounded," 

Private  Byron  A.  Barton  (K). 

49.  Skirmish  at  Cedar  Run,  Va.,  March  14,  1862. — "  Mortally  wounded,"  Private 

Charles  Schwabe  (B).  "  Wounded,"  Private  John  W.  Bryant  (A)  ;  two 
privates,  names  and  company  not  recorded. 

54.  Battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  Va.,  May  27,  1862. — '•'  Killed,"  Privates  Leo 
Hentze  and  James  Lason  (I). 

57.  Action  at  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  13,  1S62. — "  Killed,"  Privates  John  Curran 
and  William  Max  (B)  ;  Private  Francis  Croel  (C) ;  Private  Richard  D. 
Mosher  (II). 

59.  Skirmish  near  Polgreen's   Church,  Va.,  while  engaged  in  blockading  the  cross- 

roads, June  26,  1862.  — "  Mortally  wounded,"  Private  Samuel  Ginerat  (E). 

60.  Battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.,  June  27,  1862.  —  "Killed,"  Private  Christopher 

Buerman  (band)  ;  Private  Clarence  O.  Bingen  (A)  ;  Private  Michael  Can- 
ton (I).  "  Mortally  wounded,"  Privates  Edward  Dolan  and  Albert  Saun- 
ders (D).  "  Wounded,"  Farrier  Thomas  Conroy,  Privates  Edward  Connor, 
Jacob  Gimber,  Frederick  Kline,  and  David  Haas  (A)  ;  Sergeant  William 
Brophy,  Bugler  Joseph  Fought,  Privates  Michael  Considine,  Emmit  Hill, 
Jacob  Price,  Leonard  W.  Berner,  and  James  Connelly  (D) ;  Privates  Wil- 
liam A.  Perse  and  John  Drum  (F)  ;  Corporal  George  A.  Hess,  Privates 
John  T.  Coffey,  James  D.  Cavins,  Thomas  Crawley,  Bernhardt  Miller, 
William  Gregory,  John  Fitzpatrick,  Michael  Hallahan,  and  Thomas  Mc- 
Dermott  (H) ;  Privates  Edward  C   McGowan  and  Neill  Leomont  (I). 

64.  Skirmish  near  Sycamore  Church,  Va.,  August  3,  1862. — "  Wounded,"  Privates 
Michael  Dillon  and  Joseph  R.  Laming  (I). 

70.  Battle  of  Antietam,  Md.,  September  16-17,  1S62. — "  Mortally  wounded," 
Private  John  Domiers  (D) ;  Sergeant  Thomas  Barritt  (H).  "Wounded," 
Sergeant  Robert  L.  Jones  (E). 

77.  Skirmish  at  Upperville,  Va.,  November  3,  1S62. —  "Wounded,"  Private  Thomas 

Manley  (A)  ;   Private Shaub  (E)  ;   Private  East  (G) 

78.  Action  at  Markham's  Station,  Va  ,  November  4,  1862. — "  Mortally  wounded," 

Private   Gustavus   Lyndall   (H).      "  Wounded,"  Privates  Casey  and 

Canfield  (C)  ;   First  Sergeant  William  Brophy,  Privates  Cleary, 

Graham,  and Jennings  (D)  ;  Private McGougan  (F). 

50.  Skirmish  at   Snicker's  Gap,   Va.,  November  5,  1S62.  —  "Wounded,"   Private 

James  McGowan  (I). 

82  Skirmish  at  Little  Washington,  Va.,  Novembers,  1862 — "  Mortally  wounded," 
Corporal    Stephen    Ilogan    and     Private    John    Dolan    (D).       "  Severely 

wounded,"  Corporal   Andrew   Moore,    Privates   Connell,  Louis   Cu- 

pavant,  Myers,  and   two  others,  names  unknown  (E).       "  Honorable 

mention,"  Saddler  Jacob  Feathers  (F)  saved  the  life  of  Lieutenant  Ash 
by  gallantly  dashing  forward  and  killing  the  Confederate  officer  who  was 
about  to  kill  Ash,  who  was  then  severely  wounded. 

83.  Action  at  Amissville,  Va.,  November  10,    1862. — "  Wounded,"    Private   

Crotty  (< '). 


APPENDIX.  669 

87.  Battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.,  December  13,  1862. 

Executive  Mansion,  WASHINGTON,  D.  C, 

December  22,  1862. 
To  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  : 

I  have  just  read  your  commanding  general's  preliminary  report  of  the 
battle  of  Fredericksburg.  Although  you  were  not  successful,  the  attempt 
was  not  an  error,  nor  the  failure  other  than  an  accident.  The  courage 
with  which  you,  in  an  open  field,  maintained  the  contest  against  an  en- 
trenched foe,  and  the  consummate  skill  and  success  with  which  you  crossed 
and  recrossed  the  river  in  the  face  of  the  enemy,  show  that  you  possess  all 
the  qualities  of  a  great  army,  which  will  yet  give  victory  to  the  cause  of 
the  country  and  of  popular  government.  ...  I  tender  to  you,  officers 
and  soldiers,  the  thanks  of  the  nation. 

Abraham  Lincoln. 

91.  Action  at  Kelly's  Ford,  on  the  Rappahannock,  Va.,  March  17,  1863.— 
"Killed,"  Private  George  Segeree  (G) ;  Private  William  Larrison  (II). 
"Wounded,"  Corporals  William  Gregory  and  Alfred  Newton  (H)  ;  Cor- 
poral Michael  Dillon  (I).  The  squadrons  (C,  E,  G,  H,  I,  K)  were  compli- 
mented on  the  field  by  General  Averill  for  their  conspicuous  gallantry  in 
making  charges  against  the  enemy. 

98.  Engagement    at    Fleming's    Cross-Roads,    Va.,    May   4,    1863.— "  Severely 

wounded,"  Private  George  W.  Burch  (seven  sabre-cuts)  (A) ;  Saddler  

Self  and  Private Troup  (I)  ;  one  enlisted  man,  name  and  company 

not  recorded. 

99.  Battle  of  Beverly  Ford,   Va.,  June  9,  1S63.—"  Killed,"  Privates  Alexander 

Raynor  and  Richard  Burke  (B)  ;  Private  Daniel  Cummins  (C)  ;  Private 
George  Hazzell  (F).  "  Mortally  wounded,"  Private  Ira  K.  Bailey  (1); 
Sergeant  Henry  Grotham  and  Private  Charles  Olens  (K).  "Wounded," 
Sergeant  John  J.  Kane  and  Bugler  Julius  Goldring  (A)  ;  Sergeant  Jacob 
Buck  and  Private  Richard  Hanlon  (C)  ;  Private  Michael  Dougherty  (G)  ; 
Privates  Anthony  Speigel  and  John  Roach  (K)  ;  Sergeant  Henry  Hednck 
(M),  and  seven  other  enlisted  men,  names  and  companies  not  recorded. 

102.  Action  at  Snicker's  Gap,  near  Upperville,  Va.,  June  21,  1S63.—"  Killed." 

Private  Thomas  Miller  (I). 

103.  Battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  3,  1S63.— "  Killed,"  Corporal  David  Court- 

ney (-F).      "  Wounded,"  Farrier  Martin  Sheahan  (G). 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "I  desire  also  to  mention  two  of  my  buglers, 
Peter  M.  Boehm  (B)  and  Joseph  Fought  (D)."  (Brigadier-General  George 
A.  Custer,  commanding  Second  Brigade.) 

"  The  duty  assigned  to  the  cavalry  was  most  successfully  accomplished, 
the  enemy  being  greatly  harassed,  his  trains  destroyed,  and  many  cap- 
tures in  guns  and  prisoners  made."  (Official  report  of  Major  -General 
Meade,  October  1,  1803.) 

"  The  thanks  of  Congress"  "for  the  skill  and  heroic  valor  which  at 
Gettysburg  repulsed,  defeated,  and  drove  back,  broken  and  dispirited,  be- 
yond the ^ Rappahannock,  the  veteran  army  of  the  rebellion.''  Joint 
resolution,  January  2S,  1S64.) 

104.  Action  at  Williamsport,  Md.,  July  6,  1863.—"  Killed,"  Private  James  Dough- 

erty (B)  ;  First  Sergeant  Henry  Kinzler  (K). 

105.  Actions  at   Boonsboro,    Md.,  July  8-9,    1863.— "  Wounded,"    Private  James 

Sherwood  (C). 


670  APPENDIX. 

106.  Action  near  Funkstown,  Md.,  July  io,  1863. — "  Killed,"  Corporal  James  H. 
Oliver  (K).  "  Mortally  wounded,"  Private  Preston  O.  Morse  (M).  "  Se- 
verely  wounded,"    Sergeant   Crawford   (C) ;    Sergeant   Theophilus 

Rodman  (K).  "Captured,"  Private  Charles  B.  Wooster  (H),  who  died 
in  Andersonville  Prison,  Ga.,  May  23,  1S64. 

10S.  Engagements  at  Manassas  Gap,  Va.,  July  21-23,  1S63.— "  Killed,"  Corporal 
George  T.  Crawford  (C)  ;  Private  William  Taldy  (F)  ;  Privates  Dion 
Erne  and  Vinton  T.  Swallow  1  K).  Mortally  wounded,"  Private  James  C. 
Hyslop  (M).  "Wounded,"  Privates  Frederick  Barthel  and  Daniel  M. 
Bryant  (C)  ;  Bugler  John  Uhlman  (G). 

no.  Action  near  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  1,  1S63. — "Wounded,"  Corporal 
John  Augustein  (E). 

111.  Battle  of  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  3,  1863—"  Killed,"  Private  William 
Johns  (C).  "  Mortally  wounded,"  Private  George  Burhees  (H)  ;  Private 
"William  hazier  (M).  "  Severely  wounded,"  Corporal  John  Ryan  and 
Private  Austin  Miles  (K).      "  Wounded,"  Private  Henry  Seafferman  (K). 

114.  Combat  at  Bristoe  Station,  Va.,  October  14,  1S63. — "  Conspicuous  mention," 
Private  George  W.  Payne  (E)  volunteered  to,  and  did,  accompany  Lieu- 
tenant Ash  within  the  enemy's  lines  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  their 
strength  and  position,  and  safely  returned,  under  fire,  with  the  desired 
information. 

118.  Action    near    Barnett's    Ford,    on    the    Rapidan,    Va.,    February   7,    1864. — 

"  Wounded,"  First  Sergeant  Wm.  Thos.  Orr  (E). 

119.  Action    at   Charlottesville,   Va.,    February  29,1864. — "  Mortally  wounded," 

Private  Richard  Hatch  (B).  "  Severely  wounded,"  First  Sergeant  Wm. 
Thos.  Orr(E). 

120.  Action  at  Stanardsville,  Va.,   March    1,    1S64.—"  Mortally  wounded,"  Cor- 

poral Lewis  D.  Robarge  (I).      "Wounded,"  First  Sergeant  William  H. 
Churchill  (K). 
123.  Battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,    Va.,  May  7-6,  U64.—"  Killed,"   Private  Charles 
W.    Sanders   (Ml.      "Mortally    wounded,"    Private  Johannes  Shlotterer 
(G).      "Severely  wounded,"  Private  Lewis  Cassaran  (E). 

[24.  Action  at  Beaver  Dam  Station,  Va.,  May  10,  1864.  —  ''  Killed,"  Sergeant  An- 
drew Moore  and  Private  Benjamin  D.  Bailey  (E).  "  Severely  wounded," 
Privates  William  Davis  and  James  Riley  ( M  ).  "  Wounded,"  Sergeants 
Daniel  McDonald  and  John  J.  Donnelly,  Corporals  Vincent  McKenna, 
James  H.  Anable,  and  William  J.Carrington  (H).     "  Captured,"  Private 

Charles    Hartdegan    (E),  who   died   in   Andersonville   Prison,    Ga.,  

(official  report  of  death  received  September  4,  1S65). 

125.  Action  at  Yellow  Tavern,  Va.,  May  11,  1S64.— "  Killed,"  Corporal  Aquilla 
Hart  (I). 

129.  Battle   of  Trevillian  Station,  Va.,   Tune  11-12,  1S64. — "Mortally  wounded," 

Corporals  (  lmrk-s  E.  Asber  and'  Patrick  Kenney  (G).  "  Severely  wound- 
ed," Privates  Barber  I larrison  and  Jame>  Campbell  (E).  "Wounded," 
Private  Barney  Ryan  (G)  ;  Private  James  It.  Rea  ill);  Private  Lester 
P.  Trask  ill  ;  'Private  William  Everett  1  M  1. 

130.  Battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  July  28,  1864.—  "  Killed,"  Private  David   Rob- 

efts  (A)  ;  Private  Walter  R.  Covington  (D)  ;  Private  Jacob  Schneider (G). 
"  Mortally  wounded,"    First   Sergeant  John  Doherty  (A).      "Wounded," 

Private  John    Fitzgerald  (E) ;  Private' Schneider,   2d  (G)  ;  Private 

John  Callagnan  (H) ;  Sergeant  Eugene  Jewitt  (M),  and  five  other  enlisted 
men,  names  and  companies  not  recorded. 


APPENDIX.  071 

132.  Guerrilla    affair    near     Charlestown,    Va.,    August     15,    1864. — "  Mortally 
wounded,"  Private  Peter  Gillispie  (E). 

[36.   Skirmishes  near  Kearneysville  and  Shepherdstown,  Va.,  August  25-2'  ,1864 

—  "Wounded,"  Private  John  Rogers  (H). 

138.  Action    at    Smithfield,  Va.,  August    29,    1864 — "Killed,"    Bugler    Edward 
Fieldham,  Privates  Byron  A.  Durfey  and  Thomas  Hutchins(M). 

140.  Affair  at  Round  Hill.  Va.,  September  9,  1864. — "  Wounded,"  Private  James 

D.  Gavins  (H). 

141.  Battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  September  19,  1S64. — "  Killed,"  Corporal  Mi<  h  u  I 

Howard  (E)  ;  Private  John  Bigmore  (G).  "Wounded,"  Privates  Timo- 
thy Camp  and  Thomas  Mulroney  (H);  Private  Henry  Hambree  (I); 
Corporal  Franklin  Avery  and  Private  James  Beatty  (M),  and  five  other 
enlisted  men,  names  and  companies  not  recorded. 

145.    Action   near  Woodstock,  Va.,  October  9,  1864.— "  Severely  wounded,"   one 
enlisted  man  (H),  name  unknown. 

147.    Pattle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  October  19,  1864. — "  Wounded,"  one  enlisted 
man  (G),  name  unknown. 

"  The  thanks  of  Congress"  "for  gallantry,  military  skill,  and 
courage  displayed  in  the  brilliant  series  of  victories  achieved  by  them  in 
the  Valley  of  the  Shenandoah,  and  especially  for  Wieir  services  at  Cedar 
Run,  October  19,  1S64,  which  retrieved  the  fortunes  of  the  'lay  and  thus 
averted  a  great  disaster."     (Joint  resolution,  February  <;,   [865.) 

151.  Action   near  Paris,  Va.,  December  27,  1864. — "Wounded,"  Privates  James 
Kelly  and  Joseph  Kappell  (E). 

155.    Action   near   Five  Forks,  Va.,  March   31,  1S65.  — "  Killed,"  Private  Patrick 

Gallagher  (G).      "Wounded,"  Sergeant  Harris  (C)  ;    Privates  Alfred 

Lovejoyand  James  P.  Moore  (M)  ;  one  enlisted  man  (I),  name  unknown. 

157.  Battle  of  Five  Forks,  Va.,  April  1,  1865. 

"  Conspicuous  mention  "  :  "  The  courage  displayed  by  the  cavalrymen 
was  superb.  .  .  .  They  merit  the  thanks  of  the  country  and  reward  of 
the  government."  (Official  report  of  Major-General  Sheridan,  May  if>, 
1S65.) 

158.  Action   at   Appomattox   River,   Va.,  April    2.  1S65— "  Wounded,"   Sergeant 

Charles   Richards   and    Private   James   H.    McClellan  (G)  ;   Privates  

Horn  and  Joseph  S.  Bushon  (M). 
163.  The  surrender  at  Appomattox  Court-House,  Va.,  April  9,  1865.—"  Rilled," 
Private  William   H.    King  (G).      '•Mortally   wounded,"    Private  Adam 
Kuhl  (M).     "Wounded,"   Private  Jesse  Burkett  (  M  ). 


Enlisted  men,  not  heretofore  named,  who  are  known  to  have  died  as  prison- 
ers of  war:  Private  Hugh  Clark  (D),  date  and  place  not  recorded  ;  Private 
George  Ritzier  (II),  at  Andersonville.  Ga.,  July  23,  1 S04  ;  Private  John 
Wood  (II),  at  Florence,  Ga.,  October  14,  1864. 

164.  Guerrilla  affair  at  Hartsville,  Tenn  ,  October  17,  1866. 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "  Firsl  Sergeanl  Peter  R.iman  (B)  acted  with 
great  promptness,  and  I  am  indebted  to  him  for  the  recovery  of  the 
horses."     (Official  report  of  Lieutenant  Price,  October  20,  1S66.) 


672  APPENDIX. 


ON   THE   PLAINS,   1868-1871. 

166.  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Kan.,  October  14,  1868.— "  Killed,"  Private  Bernhardt 
Cusick  (L).     "  Wounded,"  Jacob  H.  Weaver  (L). 

167  Shuter  Creek,  Kan.,  October  25,  1S68.— "  Wounded,"  Private  William  Fred- 
erick (Mi. 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "  The  colonel  commanding  the  regiment  has 
noticed  with  great  satisfaction  the  surpassing  promptness  with  which  .  .  . 
Companies  A,  B,  F,  H,  I,  L,  and  M  moved  from  widely  separated  posts 
in  the  Southern  States,  concentrated  at  a  distant  post  in  the  West,  and 
immediately  took  the  field  under  Brevet  Colonel  William  B.  Royall,  Ma- 
jor Fifth  Cavalry,  in  pursuit  of  the  hostile  savages. 

"No  less  gratifying   and  honorable  to  the  regiment  is  the  telegraphic 

dispatch  from  Major-General  Sheridan  .  .    .   announcing  that  Brevet  Ma- 

jor-General  Eugene  A.  Carr,  Major  Fifth  Cavalry,  with  this  detachment, 

.   had  overtaken  the  most  formidable  band  of  these  hostile  Indians  on 

the  25th  of  October,  on  Shuter  Creek,  and  handsomely  routed  them. 

"  The  facts,  alike  honorable  to  the  officers  and  men  of  the  Fifth  Cav- 
alry, show  that  the  regiment  has  lost  nothing  of  its  well-earned  reputation 
for  dash,  bravery,  and  discipline."  (Regimental  Order  No.  92,  Head-, 
quarters  Fifth  Cavalry,  November  2,  1868.) 

170.  Beaver  Creek,    Neb.,   May  13,   1869. — "  Killed,"  Private  John   Meyer  (A); 

Sergeant  John  Ford,  Privates  Charles  Alcorn  and  John  A.  C.  Stone  (B). 
"  Wounded,"  Privates  Michael  Young  and  Gilbert  Roche  (H)  ;  one  en- 
listed man  (I),  name  unknown. 

171.  Spring  Creek,    Neb.,    May   16,    1869. — "  Wounded,"  Private  George  Ressel 

(M). 

172.  On   the    Republican    River,    near   Spring   Creek,    Neb.,    June    15,   1869.— 

"Wounded,"    Private   Albertus   C.  Bean   (H)  ;  Private  Charles   E.   El- 
wood  (M). 
175.  Dog  Creek,  Neb.,  July  8,  1S69. — "  Special   mention  "  for  "  bravery  and  gal- 
lant conduct,''  Corporal  John  Kyle  (M).     (Official  report  of  Major  Carr, 
July—,  1869) 

177.   Summit  Springs,  Col.,  July  11,  1869. 

"  Conspicuous  mention  "  :  "  The  thanks  of  the  people  of  Nebraska  are 
hereby  tendered  to  .  .  .  the  soldiers  of  the  Fifth  United  States  Cavalry 
for  the  heroic  courage  and  perseverance  in  their  campaign  against  hostile 
Indians  on  the  frontier  of  this  State  in  July,  iS6g,  driving  the  enemy  from 
our  borders  and  achieving  a  victory  at  Summit  Springs,  Col.,  by  which  the 
people  of  this  State  were  freed  from  the  ravages  of  merciless  savages." 
(Joint  resolution  of  the  Legislature  of  Nebraska,  February  23,  1870.) 

"  The  general  commanding  tenders  his  thanks  to  the  command  for  its 
patient  endurance  of  the  privations  and  hardships  inseparable  from  an 
Indian  campaign,  and  for  the  vigor  and  persistency  of  their  operations, 
so  deserving  the  success  achieved."  (Brigadier-General  Augur  in  G.  O. 
No.  48,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  Platte,  August  3,  1869.) 

"  The  congratulations  of  Lieutenant-General  Sherman,  Major-General 
Sheridan,  and  the  colonel  of  the  regiment  were  extended  to  the  men  for 
their  gallantry  and  success." 

"  The  men  are  commended  for  cheerful  readiness  and  good  conduct." 
(Official  report  of  Major  Carr,  July  — ,  1869.) 


APPENDIX.  673 

180.  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  Kan.,  September  26,  1869. 

"  Honorable  mention,"  Private  Clay  Beauford  (B).  (Official  report  of 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Duncan,  October  7,  1869.) 

181.  Walnut    Hill,   Lee   County,  Va.,  December  9,  1869. — "  Severely  wounded," 

Private  John  Boyle  (K). 

182.  Walnut   Hill,   Lee  County,  Va.,  December  10,  1869. — "Wounded,"  Private 

John  McDonald  (K). 

183.  Red  Willow  Creek,  Neb.,  June  8,  1870. 

"Commended  for  conspicuous  gallantry  in  the  fight,"  Sergeant  John 
Malloy  and  Private  Blatchly  Wright  (I).  (G.  O.  No.  27,  Headquarters 
Department  of  the  Platte,  July  I,  1870.) 


THE    APACHE   CAMPAIGNS   IN   ARIZONA,   1872-1875. 

"  The  operations  of  the  troops  in  this  department  in  the  late  campaigns  against 
the  Apaches  entitle  them  to  a  reputation  second  to  none  in  the  annals  of  Indian 
warfare.  In  the  face  of  obstacles  heretofore  considered  insurmountable,  encoun- 
tering rigorous  cold  in  the  mountains,  followed  in  quick  succession  by  the  intense 
heat  and  arid  waste  of  the  desert,  not  infrequently  at  dire  extremities  for  want  of 
water  to  quench  their  prolonged  thirst  ;  and  when  their  animals  were  stricken 
by  pestilence,  or  the  country  became  too  rough  to  be  traversed  by  them,  they 
left  them,  and,  carrying  on  their  own  backs  such  meagre  supplies  as  they  might, 
they  persistently  followed  on,  and,  plunging  unexpectedly  into  chosen  positions  in 
lava-beds,  caves,  and  canons,  they  have  outwitted  and  beaten  the  wiliest  of  foes 
with  slight  loss,  comparatively,  to  themselves,  and  finally  closed  an  Indian  war 
that  has  been  waged  since  the  days  of  Cortez."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Headquarters 
Department  of  Arizona,  April  9,  1873.) 

"  To  Brevet  Major-General  George  Crook  and  to  his  gallant  troops,  for  the  ex- 
traordinary service  they  have  rendeied  in  the  late  campaign  against  the  Apache 
Indians,  the  division  commander  (Major-General  Schofield)  extends  his  thanks 
and  congratulations  upon  their  brilliant  success.  They  have  merited  the  gratitude 
of  the  nation.  There  is  now  occasion  for  hope  that  the  well-deserved  chastisement 
inflicted  upon  the  Apaches  may  give  peace  to  the  people  of  Arizona."  (G.  O.  No. 
7,  Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Pacific,  April  28,  1873.) 

"  The  result  of  the  good  conduct  of  the  troops,  particularly  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
in  their  engagements  with  Indians  in  Arizona  were  really  of  national  conse- 
quence." (Lieutenant-Colonel  John  C.  Kelton,  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  Mili- 
tary Division  of  the  Pacific,  March  15,  1876.) 

"  I  consider  the  services  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  Arizona  as  unequaled  by  that 
of  any  cavalry  regiment  during  the  late  civil  war."     (General  W.  T.  Sherman.) 


185.  Juniper  Mountain,  April  25,  1872. — "Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  John 

V.  Whiteford  (K). 

186.  Black  Mountains,  May  6,  1872. 

"Conspicuous  mention":     "The  department   commander  considers 

First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer's  conduct  deserving  of  the  highest  praise 

and  worthy  of  the  brilliant    reputation    of    the    company    and   regiment 

to  which  he  belongs.      First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  and  the  members 

44 


674  APPENDIX. 

of  Company  K,  Fifth  Cavalry,  are  hereby  complimented  and  thanked 
for  their  services."  (G.  O.  No.  21,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona, 
May  30,  1872.) 

188.   Head-waters  of  Ash  Creek,  May  20,  1872. — "  Wounded,"  Privates  Charles 
H.  Waitz  and  Charles  F.  Coe  (K). 

"  Conspicuous  mention  "  :  "The  department  commander  considers 
First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer's  conduct  deserving  of  the  highest  praise 
and  worthy  of  the  brilliant  reputation  of  the  company  and  the  regiment 
to  which  he  belongs.  First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  and  the  members 
of  Company  K,  Fifth  Cavalry,  are  hereby  complimented  and  thanked  for 
their  services."  (G.  O.  No.  21,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona, 
May  30,  1S72.) 

191.  Whetstone  Mountains,  July  13,  1872. — "  Severely  wounded,"  Private  WTilliam 
Porter  (F).      "  Wounded,"  First  Sergeant  Denis  Leonard  (F). 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "  The  men  under  my  command  behaved  ad- 
mirably, and  the  conduct  of  First  Sergeant  Denis  Leonard,  Privates  Mi- 
chael Glynn  and  William  Porter  (F),  was  worthy  of  high  praise."  (Offi- 
cial report  of  Lieutenant  Hall,  July  15,  1872.) 

193.  Davidson's   Canon,  August    27,    1872. — "  Killed,"   Corporal   Joseph   P.   G. 

Black  (F).      "  Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  James  Brown  (F). 

194.  Outbreak  at  Camp  Date  Creek,  September  8,  1872. — "  Severely  wounded," 

Private  Frank  E.  Hill  (E). 

"Commended  for  gallant  conduct,"  Private  Frank  E.  Hill  (E).  (Offi- 
cial report  of  Captain  Price,  March  27,  1873.) 

195.  Muchos  Canons,  near  the  head-waters  of  the  north  branch  of  the  Big  Sandy. 

September  25,  1872. 

"Honorable  mention":  "The  men  (B,  C,  K)  behaved  splendidly." 
(Official  report  of  Captain  Mason,  September  25,  1S72.) 

"It  is  with  great  pleasure  the  announcement  is  made  of  the  complete 
success  of  the  expedition  under  the  command  of  Captain  Julius  W.  Ma- 
son, Fifth  Cavalry.  This  brilliant  success  was  owing  in  a  great  measure 
to  the  energy  displayed  by  the  command  in  climbing,  on  foot,  over  almost 
impassable  canons.  .  .  .  The  men  of  the  command  are  hereby  compli- 
mented and  thanked  for  their  brilliant  success."  (G.  O.  No.  32,  Head- 
quarters Department  of  Arizona,  September  27,  1872.) 

196.  Senoita  Valley,  near   Camp   Crittenden,   September   30,    1872. — "  Killed," 

Sergeant  George  Stewart,  Privates  Andrew  Carr,  William  Nation,  and 
John  Walsh  (F). 

200.  Red   Rock  Canon,   November  25,    1872. — "Wounded,"  Sergeant  Michael 

Madigan  (C). 

201.  Red  Rock  Country,  November  26,  1872. 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "  The  services  of  First  Sergeant  Clay  Beau- 
ford  (B)  were  very  valuable  to  me  in  scouting,  trailing,  and  finding  the 
few  Indians  killed  and  captured."  (Official  report  of  Captain  Montgom- 
ery, December  2,  1872.) 

202.  Oak  Creek,  December  6,  1S72. 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "  The  men  of  the  command  (K)  used  every 
exertion  in  endeavoring  to  add  to  the  success  of  the  expedition."  (Official 
report  of  Lieutenant  Rice,  Twenty-third  Infantry,  December  18,  1872.) 

203.  West  side  of  the  Verde  River,  south  of  Camp  Verde,  December  7,  1872. 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  "  The  men  (A)  exhibited  great  willingness  and 
energy,"     (Official  report  of  Lieutenant  Woodson,  December  18,  1872.) 


APPENDIX.  675 

204.  Sycamore  Creek,  December  8,  1872. 

205.  Sycamore  Creek,  December  g,  1872. 
208.   Red  Rock,  December  14,  1872. 

"  Honorable  mention"  :  "  The  men  of  the  command  (K)  used  every 
exertion  in  endeavoring  to  add  to  the  success  of  the  expedition."  (Offi- 
cial report  of  Lieutenant  Rice,  Twenty-third  Infantry,  December  18, 
1872.) 

212.  The  Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon,  December  28,  1872. 

"  Conspicuous  mention  "  :  "  For  conspicuous  gallantry  in  leading  a  de- 
tachment of  ten  men  of  his  company  (G)  in  a  charge  into  one  of  the 
caves,"  Corporal  Thomas  Hanlon  (G).  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Headquarters  De- 
partment of  Arizona,  April  9,  1873.) 

213.  Turkey  Creek,  December  28,  1872. 

"  Honorable  mention"  :  "  For  eagerness  in  pursuit  and  successful  re- 
sults," Corporal  James  E.  Bailey  (E).  (Official  report  of  Captain  Price, 
March  27,  1873.) 

214.  North   of  Baby  Canon,  December   29,  1872. — "  Honorable   mention,"    Cor- 

poral Frank  E.  Hill  (E). 

215.  North  of  Baby  Canon,  December  30,  1872. 

"Honorable  mention"  "for  judgment  and  decision,"  First  Sergeant 
"William  L.  Day  (E).     (Official  report  of  Captain  Price,  March  27,  1873.) 

216.  Clear  Creek,  January  2,  1873. — "Severely  wounded,"  Private   John   Baker 

(K). 

"Honorable  mention"  "for  conspicuous  gallantry  in  the  action," 
Privates  James  Lenihan,  John  Baker,  and  Albert  Bross  (K).  (G.  O.  No. 
14,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona,  April  9,  1873.) 

217.  Pinto  Creek,  January  16,  1873. 

"Special  mention":  "Companies  G  and  M  deserve  special  men- 
tion for  the  endurance  with  which  they  maintained  the  rapid  gait  which 
brought  them  into  the  action  in  time  to  prevent  the  escape  of  any  In- 
dians."    (Official  report  of  Captain  Brown,  April  9,  1873.) 

"  Companies  G  and  M  are  specially  commended  for  their  conduct  in 
this  engagement."  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona. 
April  9,  1S73.)  e 

218.  East  branch  of  the  Verde  River,  January  19,  1873. 

"Honorable  mention"  "for  great  determination,  even  after  the  In- 
dians had  signaled  his  presence,  in  following  a  trail  to  the  bottom  of  one 
of  the  deepest  canons  of  the  east  branch  of  the  Verde  River  and  winning 
success,"  First  Sergeant  William  L.  Day  (E).  (Official  report  of  Captain 
Price,  March  27,  1873.) 

219.  Tonto  Creek,  January  22,  1873. — "  Killed,"  Private  George  Hooker  (K). 

"  Honorable  mention"  :  "  Private  George  Hooker  was  foremost  of  the 
party  that  came  up  on  one  side  of  the  Rancheria.  I  regret  his  loss 
exceedingly,  as  he  was  an  excellent  soldier,  brave  and  trustworthy.  I 
cannot  speak  too  highly  of  the  conduct  of  the  men,  especially  in  the  fight. 
Their  behavior  throughout  is  deserving  of  the  highest  commendation." 
(Official  report  of  Lieutenant  Michlcr,  February  7,  1873.) 

"  For  conspicuous  gallantry  in  the  action,"  Privates  George  Hooker 
and  Albert  Bross  (K).  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Headquarters  Department  of 
Arizona,  April  9,  1873.) 


676  APPENDIX. 

221.  Near  Turret  Mountain,  on  the  Verde  River,  March  25,  1873. 

"Conspicuous  for  gallantry,"  First  Sergeant  James  M.  Hill  and 
Sergeant  Daniel  Bishop  (A).     (Muster-roll,  Company  A,  April  30,  1873.) 

Recommended  by  Captain  George  M.  Randall,  Twenty- third  Infantry, 
March  31,  1873,  for  a  "  medal  of  honor"  "  for  gallantry  in  the  action," 
First  Sergeant  James  M.  Hill  (A). 

"For  gallantry  and  good  conduct  during  the  engagement,"  First 
Sergeant  James  M.  Hill,  Sergeant  Daniel  Bishop,  and  Private  William 
Stanley  (A).  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona, 
April  9,  1873.) 

222.  Turret  Mountain,  on  the  Verde  River,  March  27,  1873. 

"Conspicuous  for  gallantry,"  Sergeant  Daniel  Bishop  (A).  (Muster- 
roll,  Company  A,  April  30,  1873.) 

Recommended  by  Captain  George  M.  Randall,  Twenty-third  Infantry, 
March  31,  1873,  for  a  "  medal  of  honor  "  "for  gallantry  in  the  action," 
Private  William  Stanley  >( A). 

"  For  gallantry  and  good  conduct  during  the  engagement,"  Sergeant 
Daniel  Bishop  and  Private  William  Stanley  (A).  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Head- 
quarters Department  of  Arizona,  April  9,  1873.) 

224.  Seven  miles  north-east  of  the  Forks  of  Tonto  Creek,  June  16,  1873. 

"Conspicuous  mention  for  Company  C":   "  Brilliant  action  resulting 
in  the  surrender  of  the  two  bands  of  Tonto  Apaches  under  Natatotel  and 
Naqui  Naquis."     (G.  O.  No.  24,  Headquarters  Department  of  Arizona, 
July  15,  1873.) 
226.  Castle  Dome  Mountains,  July  2,  1873. 
228.  Thirty  miles  west  of  Camp  Date  Creek,  July  13,  T873. 

"  Thanked  for  their  efficient  services,"  First  Sergeant  Thomas  Hanlon 
and  Sergeant  Patrick  Martin  (G).      (G.  O.   No.  24,  Headquarters  De- 
partment of  Arizona,  July  15,  1873.) 
234.  Sycamore  Springs,  in  the  Mazatzal  Mountains,  October  30,  1873. 

"Commended  for  good  conduct,"  Sergeant  James  Brown,  Privates 
Thomas  Barrett  and  Joseph  Bradley  (F).  (Muster-roll,  Company  F, 
December  31,  1873.) 

241.  Sunflower  Valley,  near  Four  Peaks,  December  31,  1873. 

242.  Wild  Rye  Creek,  January  4,  1874. 

243.  Near  the  head  of  Cherry  Creek,  north-east  of  Pleasant  Valley,  January  8, 

1874- 

"  I  commend  Company  B  to  favorable  consideration  for  cheerful  readi- 
ness."    (Official  report  of  Lieutenant  Babcock,  January  16,  1874.) 

245    Canon  Creek,  January  10,  1874.—"  Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  Edmund 
Schreiber  (K). 

248.  Near  Camp  Pinal,  March  8,  1874.— "Wounded,"  Private  Peter  M.  Blanch- 
ard  (M). 

251.   Apache  Creek,  April  2,  1874. 

"Special  mention"  "for  marked  gallantly  during  the  action,"  Ser- 
geant Joseph  Bradley  (F),  Sergeant  Charles  Huntington  (M). 

"Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  James  Brown  (F),  Sergeant  George 
Deary  (L). 


APPENDIX.  t  077 

"The  command  (F,  L,  M)  behaved  admirably.  The  men  were 
marched  over  a  terrible  country,  and  in  many  places  our  Indian  scouts 
were  obliged  to  pull  the  men  over  the  rocks  by  sheer  force.  Where  all 
displayed  so  much  eagerness  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  any  by  name." 
(Official  report  of  Lieutenant  Bache,  April  2,  1874.) 

262.  Near  Tonto  Creek,   May  9,    1874. — "  Honorable  mention,"  First  Sergeant 

Rudolph  Stauffer  (K). 

265.  Summit  of  Stauffer's  Butte,  north-west  of  Diamond  Butte,  May  25,   1874. 

"  Special  mention  " :  "  Led  the  charge  and  was  the  first  man  on  the 
summit,"  First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  (K). 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  Corporal  Leonard  Winserand  Private  Thom- 
as McCormick  (K).     (Official  report  of  Lieutenant  King,  June  6,  1874.) 

266.  Sierra  Ancha,  six  miles  east  of  Tonto  Creek,  May  27,  1874. 

"  I  have  to  express  my  entire  satisfaction  with  the  conduct  of  the  men 
(A)."     (Official  report  of  commanding  officer,  Camp  Verde,  June  9,  1874.) 

267.  Black  Mesa,  near  east  branch  of  the  Verde  River,  June  3,  1874. 

"Honorable  mention,"  First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer,  Corporal 
Leonard  Winser,  and  Private  Thomas  McCormick  (K).  (Official  report 
of  Lieutenant  King,  June  6,  1874.) 

268.  Sierra  Ancha,  June  5,  1874.—"  Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  Lewis  Corn- 

ley  (I). 

271.  On  the  Mesa,  near  new  road  from  Camp  Verde  to  Camp  Apache,  August  20, 

1874.—"  Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  Henry  P.  Butler,  Privates 
Joseph  S.  Clanton,  James  Fox,  John  McDonald,  and  Christopher 
Shepherd  (B). 

272.  On  the  Mesa,  near  new  road  from  Camp  Verde  to  Camp  Apache,  August  21, 

1874.— "Honorable  mention,"  Sergeant  Henry  P.  Butler,  Privates 
Joseph  S.  Clanton,  James  Fox,  John  McDonald,  and  Christopher  Shep- 
herd (B). 
276.  Sunset  Pass,  eighteen  miles  from  Little  Colorado  River,  November  1,  l874-— 
"Conspicuous  mention"  "for  superb  courage  in  remaining  with  Lieu- 
tenant King  (who  was  severely  wounded),  refusing  to  save  himself  when 
ordered  to  do  so,  and  holding  the  Apaches  in  check  until  reinforcements 
arrived,  thus  saving  the  life  of  Lieutenant  King,"  Sergeant  Bernard 
Taylor  (A).  . 

"Special  mention,"  Private  Frank  Biffar  (A),  Corporal  Bryan  Smith 
(K). 


ON   THE   PLAINS,    1875-1883. 

282.  Canon  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the   Smoky  Hill  River,   forty  miles  south  of 

Buffalo  Station,  Kan.,  October  27,  1875.—"  Wounded,     Private  W  illiam 
Evans  (H). 

283.  On  a  tributary  of  the  Cimarron  River,  one  hundred  and  twenty-five  miles 

east  of  Camp  Supply,  I.  T.,  January  22,  1876. 


678  APPENDIX. 

"  Honorable  mention"  :  "  The  commanding  general  expresses  his  high 
appreciation  of  the  promptness,  energy,  and  efficiency  shown  by  the  com- 
mand (G)  in  the  discharge  of  the  duty  assigned  to  it."  (Letter  of  assistant 
adjutant-general,  Department  of  the  Missouri,  February  6,  1876.) 

286.  Slim  Buttes,  Dak.,  September  9,  1876. — "Mortally  wounded,"  Private  Ed- 

ward Kennedy  (C).  "Severely  wounded,"  Private  George  Cloutier  (D), 
Sergeant  Edmund  Schreiber  (K).  "  Wounded,"  Trumpeter  Michael  H. 
Donnelly  and  Private  Daniel  Ford  (F). 

"Special  mention":  "The  following-named  men  are  mentioned  as 
carrying  on  their  persons  honorable  marks  of  distinction  in  the  severe 
wounds  they  have  received  at  the  hands  of  the  enemy  "  :  Private  George 
Cloutier  (D),  Trumpeter  Michael  H.  Donnelly  and  Private  Daniel 
Ford  (F),  Sergeant  Edmund  Schreiber  (K).  (G.  O.  No.  8,  Headquarters 
B.  H.  and  Y.  Expedition,  October  24,  1876.) 

287.  Slim   Buttes,    Dak.,   September   10,   1876. — "Severely  wounded,"   Private 

William  Madden  (M). 

"Special  mention":  "The  following-named  men  are  mentioned  as 
carrying  on  their  persons  honorable  marks  of  distinction  in  the  severe 
wounds  they  have  received  at  the  hands  of  the  enemy  "  :  Private  William 
Madden  (M).  (G.  O.  No.  8,  Headquarters  B.  H.  and  Y.  Expedition, 
October  24,  1876.) 

289.  Bates  Creek  (north  branch  of  Powder  River),  Wyo.,  November  25,  1876. — 
"Killed,"  Private  Joseph  Minges  (H).  "Mortally  wounded,"  Private 
Alex.  McFarlan  (L).  "  Severely  wounded,"  Private  Charles  H.  Folsom 
(H).     "  Wounded,"  Private  George  H.  Stickney  (H). 

"  I  cannot  commend  too  highly  this  brilliant  achievement  and  the  gal- 
lantry of  the  troops  (H,  L)."  (Official  report  of  Brigadier-General  Crook, 
November  28,  1876.) 

"  The  brigadier-general  commanding  announces  the  close  of  the  Pow- 
der River  expedition,  and  thanks  the  men  composing  it  for  the  courage, 
endurance,  and  zeal  exhibited  by  them  during  its  progress.  .  .  .  The  dis- 
integration of  many  of  the  hostile  bands  of  savages  against  whom  you  have 
been  operating  attests  the  success  of  the  brilliant  fight  made  by  the  cavalry 
with  the  Cheyennes  on  the  north  branch  of  Powder  River.  The  uniform 
good  conduct  of  the  command  has  rendered  it  difficult  to  distinguish  one 
above  another."  (G.  O.  No.  10,  Headquarters  Powder  River  Expedition, 
January  8,  1877.) 

292.  Action  and  siege  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  29-October  5,  1879. — 
"  Killed,"  Privates  Michael  Lynch,  Thomas  Mooney,  and  Charles  Wright 
(D) ;  First  Sergeant  John  Dolan,  Wagoner  Amos  D.  Miller,  Privates  John 
Burns,  Michael  Firestone,  and  Samuel  McKee  (F).  "Wounded,"  Pri- 
vates Frederick  Bernhardt,  Nicholas  W.  Heeney,  Thomas  Lynch,  and 
Ernest  Muller  (D) ;  Sergeant  John  Merrill,  Trumpeters  Frederick  Sut- 
cliffe  and  John  McDonald.  Privates  William  Esser,  James  T.  Gibbs,  John 
Hoaxey,  Emil  Kussman,  Eugene  Patterson,  Frank  E.  Simmons,  Eugene 
Schickedong,  and  Gottlieb  Steiger  (F). 

"Special  mention  for  conspicuous  gallantry,"  First  Sergeant  Jacob 
Widmer,  Sergeants  William  Craig  and  John  S.  Lawton  ;  Corporal 
Edward  F.  Murphy,  Saddler  French  Sharpe,  Privates  Joseph  Booth, 
Jesse  B.  Hart,  William  J.  Marshall,  and  Lot  Whitbeck  (D)  ;  Sergeants 
Edward  P.  Grimes  and  John  A.  Poppe,  Corporals  Hampton  M.  Roach 
and  George  Moquin,  Trumpeters  Frederick  Sutcliffe  and  John  McDon- 
ald, Privates  Clarence  E.  Carpenter,  Kendrick  B.  Combs,  Charles  J. 
Clark,  Samuel  P.  Eakle,  James  T.  Gibbs,  Henry  Fulk,  Samuel  Klingen- 


APPENDIX.  679 

smith,  Eugene  Patterson,  and  Eugene  Schickedong  (F);  congratulating 
the  men  upon  their  safe  deliverance  from  great  peril,  and  expressing  his 
thanks  for  their  gallant  conduct  in  the  fierce  battle  with  an  overwhelming 
force  of  Indians  on  the  29th  ultimo  and  the  subsequent  days."  (G.  O.  of 
Captain  Payne,  October  5,  1879.) 

"  The  department  commander  tenders  his  warmest  thanks  to  the  men 
for  the  energy,  gallantry,  and  good  conduct  they  have  displayed  in  the 
recent  outbreak  of  the  White  River  Utes.  Each  one  is  entitled  to  special 
thanks  for  exceptional  courage,  endurance,  and  prompt  action  in  the  per- 
formance of  duty.  The  conduct  of  the  men  in  their  prolonged  defense  is 
beyond  praise,  and  the  department  commander  feels  confident  that  the 
records  of  the  army  afford  no  brighter  instance  of  gallant  and  zealous  ser- 
vice than  has  been  performed  by  each  soldier  engaged  in  this  affair." 
(G.  O.  No.  24,  Headquarters  Department  of  the  Platte,  October  18,  1879.) 

"Resolved,  That  the  thanks  of  the  Sixth  Legislative  Assembly  of  Wyo- 
ming Territory  are  due  and  are  hereby  tendered  to  .  .  .  the  men  for 
their  bravery,  heroic  conduct,  and  efficient  service  during  the  engage- 
ment with  the  Ute  Indians  on  Milk  Creek,  September  29,  1879,  and 
subsequent  siege."  (Joint  resolution  of  the  Legislature  of  Wyoming, 
1879.) 

"  Praise  is  justly  awarded  to  the  troops  engaged  for  promptness,  skill, 
and  courage  displayed."  (Annual  Message  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  December,  1879.) 

"  I  cannot  omit  mention  of  the  gallant  defense  made  by  the  survivors." 
(Annual  report  of  Brigadier-General  Crook,  commanding  Department  of 
the  Platte,  September  30,  1880.) 

293.  Raising  the  siege  and  action  of  Milk  Creek,  Col.,  October  5,  1879. 

"Honorable  mention":  "The  department  commander  tenders  his 
warmest  thanks  to  Colonel  Wesley  Merritt  .  .  .  and  the  men  under  his 
command  for  the  energy,  gallantry,  and  good  conduct  they  have  displayed 
in  the  recent  outbreak  of  the  White  River  Utes.  Where  all  have  done  so 
well  it  is  impossible  for  him  to  select,  for  individual  mention,  the  name  of 
any  one  soldier,  but  each  one  is  entitled  to  special  thanks  for  the  excep- 
tional  courage,  endurance,  and  prompt  action  in  the  performance  of  duty, 
while  the  prompt  concentration  and  rapid  march  of  Colonel  Merritt's 
command  to  the  relief  of  Captains  Dodge  and  Payne  are  beyond  praise. 
The  department  commander  feels  confident  that  the  records  of  the  army 
afford  no  brighter  instance  of  gallant  and  zealous  service  than  has  been 
performed  bv  each  soldier  engaged  in  this  affair."  (G.  O.  No.  24,  Head- 
quarters Department  of  the  Platte,  October  18,  1879.) 

"  Praise  is  justly  awarded  to  the  troops  engaged  for  promptness,  skill, 
and  courage  displayed."  (Annual  Message  of  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  December,  1879.) 

"I  cannot  omit  mention  of  the  remarkably  rapid  march  of  Colonel 
Wesley  Merritt  and  his  command  in  hastening  to  their  rescue — a  march 
almost  without  example  for  rapidity  of  movement  and  excellent  manage- 
ment, and  for  which  all  who  participated  are  entitled  to  the  highest 
commendation.   .   .   . 

"The  alacrity  and  enthusiasm  with  which  the  troops  of  this  depart- 
ment met  the  severe  demands  upon  them  during  the  past  fall  and  winter 
are  entitled  to  mv  grateful  recognition,  and  should  be  a  source  of  pride  to 
the  whole  army."  (Annual  report  of  Brigadier-General  George  Crook, 
commanding  Department  of  the  Platte,  September  30,  1880.) 

294.  Rifle  Creek,  Col.,  October  20,  1879. 

"Honorable  mention,"  Private  John  Sullivan  (H). 


680  A  PPENDIX. 

Killed  at  the  camp  of  Company  A,  Fifth  Cavalry,  head-waters  of  Ash  Creek,  on 
the  night  of  July  8,  1872,  while  on  post  as  a  sentinel,  and  during  the  excite- 
ment occasioned  by  a  false  alarm,  Private  Austin  Gavin  (A). 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  Commended  by  Captain  John  M.  Hamilton,  Fifth  Cav- 
alry, for  "general  good  conduct  and  marked  efficiency  during  field  opera- 
tions in  Arizona  while  under  his  immediate  command,  January  6,  1873- 
April  9,  1873,"  First  Sergeant  George  W.  Churchill,  Sergeants  Daniel  Mc- 
Grath,  James  Harris,  Patrick  Conlan,  and  George  A.  Doon,  Corporals 
Thomas  Sloan,  John  Kelly,  and  Joseph  Cosgrove  (H). 

"  For  gallantry  in  operations  and  combats  against  hostile  Apaches,  December, 
1872-March,  1873,"  Sergeant  Gustave  Von  Meden  (A),  First  Sergeant  James 
H.  Turpin  (L).     (Official  report  of  Captain  Brown,  April  9,  1873.) 

"  For  good  conduct  during  the  different  campaigns  and  engagements,  December, 
1872-March,  1873,"  First  Sergeant  James  M.  Hill,  Sergeants  Daniel  Bishop 
and  Gustave  Von  Meden,  and  Private  William  Stanley  (A),  First  Sergeant 
Clay  Beauford  (B),  First  Sergeant  William  L.  Day,  Corporals  James  E. 
Bailey  and  Frank  E.  Hill  (E),  Corporal  Thomas  Hanlon  (G),  Privates  James 
Lenihan,  Albert  W.  Bross,  John  Baker,  and  George  Hooker  (K),  First 
Sergeant  James  H.  Turpin  (L).  (G.  O.  No.  14,  Headquarters  Department 
of  Arizona,  April  9,  1873.) 

Drowned,  February  16,  1874,  while  attempting,  in  the  line  of  his  duty,  to  cross 
the  Gila  River  near  the  Gila  Canon,  Corporal  Howard  Prosser  (L). 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  Commended  by  Captain  John  M.  Hamilton,  Fifth  Cav- 
alry, "for  general  good  conduct  and  conspicuous  for  efficiency  during  field 
operations  in  Arizona  while  under  his  immediate  command,  February  4, 
1874-June  3,  1874,"  Sergeant  John  R.  McConnell  (B),  Sergeant  Charles  E. 
Burkhart  (H). 

"Killed,  September  14,  1876,  near  the  Belle  Fourche,  Dak.,  by  hostile  Sioux, 
when  a  few  hundred  yards  in  advance  of  the  command,"  Private  Cyrus  B. 
Milner  (A). 

"  Honorable  mention  "  :  The  brigadier-general  commanding  invites  the  attention 
of  the  command  "  to  the  good  conduct  and  soldierly  bearing  of  the  troops  be- 
longing to  this  department  who  have  been  recently  stationed,  temporarily, 
in  Chicago  (C,  G,  M),  as  well  as  of  those  temporarily  on  duty  in  Omaha  (E, 
K),  and  to  say  that  their  orderly  behavior  and  strict  attention  to  duty  are 
worthy  of  his  fullest  admiration."  (G.  O.  No.  20,  Headquarters  Department 
of  the  Platte,  August  23,  1877.) 

"Conspicuous  mention":  Official  recognition  of  the  brave  and  meritorious  be- 
havior of  Private  Frederick  Bowers  (I),  who,  at  the  imminent  risk  of  his 
own  life,  endeavored  to  save  that  of  a  drowning  comrade  by  plunging  into  the 
river,  near  Fort  Laramie,  Wyo.,  on  the  7th  of  May,  1877.  (G.  O.  No.  3, 
Headquarters  Fifth  Cavalry,  May  16,  1877.) 


APPENDIX. 


(581 


MEDALS  OF  HONOR. 


NAME   AND    COMPANY. 

DATB   01 
ISSUE. 

FOtf  what  ACTIONS  AWARDBD. 

Corporal  John  Kyle  (M) 

Aug. 

17, 

'69. 

Dog  Creek,  Neb.,  July  8,  '6,. 

Near  Camp  Hualpai,  A.  T.,  May  6  anc 

First  Sergeant  Rudolph  Stauffer  (K). 

July 

3°. 

'72. 

2'  >l 

•7a. 

Sergeant  James  Brown  (F) 

Dec. 

. 

'74- 
'74- 
'74- 

Davidson  Canon,  A.  T.,  August  27,  ' 
Whetstone  Mts.,  A.  T.,   July  13,  '72. 
Whetstone  Mts.,  A.  T.,  July  13,  '72. 

n- 

Private  M  ichael  Glynn  (F) 

Dec. 

4, 
4, 

First  Sergeant  Henry  Newman  (!•').. 

Dec. 

Private  John  Nihill  (F) 

Dec. 

4i 

'74- 

Whetstone  Mts.,  A.  T.,  July  13,  '72. 

Sergeant  Daniel  Bishop  (A) 

Apr. 

12, 

'■}  ,- 

Turret  Mt.,  A.  T.,  March  25  and  27, 

73- 

First  Sergeant  Clay  Beauford  (B). , .  . 

Apr. 

12, 

'7S 

Campaigns  against  Apaches  (winter), 

•72- 

73 

Sergeant  James  E.  Bailey  (E)    

Apr. 

12, 

'75- 

Campaigns  against  Apaches  (winter), 

'73 

'73. 

First  Sergeant  Wm.  L.  Day  (E) 

Apr. 

12. 

*75- 

Campaigns  against  Apaches  (winter), 

'7a 

'73 

Sergeant  George  Deary  (L) 

Apr. 

'2. 

'75- 

Apache  Creek,  A.  T.,  April  2,  '74. 

First  Sergeant  James  M.  Hill  (A)..  . 

Apr. 

I2i 

'75- 

Turret  Mt.,  A.  T.,  March  25  and  37, 

73' 

Sergeant  Frank  E.  Hill  (E) 

Apr. 

1  ?, 

'7S- 

Date  Creek,  A.  T.,  September  8,  '72- 

Private  George  Hooker  (K) 

Apr 

12 

'75. 

Tonto  Creek,  A.  T.,  January  22,  '73- 
Clear  Creek,  A.  T.,  January  2,  '73- 
Castle  Dome  and  Santa   Maria  Mts 

Private  James  Lenihan  (K) 

Apr. 

12, 

'75. 

Sergeant  Patrick  Martin  (G) 

Apr. 

I21 

'75- 

,  June 

July.  '73- 

Private  William  Stanley  (A) 

Apr. 
Apr. 

'75- 
'75- 

Turret  Mt.,  A.  T.,  March  25  and  27, 
Sunset  Pass,  A.  T.,  November  1,  '74. 

73- 

Sergeant  Bernard  Taylor  ( A  )    

"I 

First  Sergeant  James  H.  Turpin  (L). 

Apr. 

12, 

'75- 

Campaigns  against  Apaches  (winter), 

•72-'73- 

Sergeant  Rudolph  Von  Meden  (A)... 

Apr. 

12, 

'75- 

Campaigns  against  Apaches  (winter), 

'72- 

'73- 

Sergeant  Edward  P.  Grimes  (F)  «... 

Jan. 

27, 

'80. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  2q,  '79. 

Sergeant  John  A.  Poppe  (F)  ' 

Jan. 

27. 

'80. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  23,  '79. 

Corporal  Hampton  M.  Roach  (F)  > . . 

Jan. 

27. 

'80. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  29,  '79- 

Corporal  George  Moquin  (F)  1 

Jan. 

27. 

'8o. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  23,  "79. 

Corporal  Edward  F.  Murphy  (D).... 

Apr. 

5, 

'80. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  29,  '79. 

First  Sergeant  Jacob  Widmer  (D)  . . . 

Apr. 

10, 

•80. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  29,  '79. 

Sergeant  John  S.  Lawton  (D)  2 

May 

8, 

'80. 

Milk  Creek,  Col.,  September  29,  '79. 

CERTIFICATES  OF  MERIT. 

"  For  having  distinguished  themselves  in  the  service  of  the  United  States  on 
September  29,  1879,  in  the  action  at  Milk  Creek,  Col."  :  Privates  Clarence  E. 
Carpenter,  Charles  I .  (lark,  Kendrick  B.  Combs,  Samuel  P.  Eakle,  Samuel 
Klingensmith,  John  McDonald,   and  Eugene  Patterson  (F). 

"  The  colonel  of  the  regiment  has  great  pride  in  handing  the  soldiers  named 
these  evidences  of  their  bravery  and  fidelity  in  battle,  awarded  by  the  highest 
authority  in  the  government.  They  are  heartily  congratulated  in  behalf  of  the 
regiment."     (G.  O.  No.  4,  Headquarters  Fifth  Cavalry,  February  22,  1880.) 


John  Uhlman,  who  was  discharged  as  chief  bugler,  made  continuous  service  in 
the  regiment  from  June  7,  1S61,  to  March  t,  1872.  He  served  during  the 
war  with  Mexico,  and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Contreras,  Churubusco, 
and  Chapultepec.  He  was  wounded  in  an  Indian  combat  on  the  Rio 
Grande.     He  participated  in  thirty-eight  battles  during  the  war  of  the  Re- 

•  "They  are  heartily  congratulated  in  the  name  of  the  regiment."     (G.  O.  No.  10,  Headquar- 
ters Fifth  Cavalry,  March  29,  18S0.) 

1  Now  major  of  Bristol  Train  of  Artillery,  of  Bristol,  R.  I. 


682  APPENDIX. 

bellion,  and  was  wounded  at  Manassas  Gap,  Va.,  July  21,  1863.  He  had 
three  horses  shot  under  him  in  different  engagements.  He  was  always  con- 
spicuous for  gallantry,  integrity,  attention  to  duty,  and  the  observance  of 
good  order.  Altogether  he  was  one  of  the  best  soldiers  ever  in  the  Fifth 
Cavalry.     He  is  now  engaged  in  agricultural  pursuits  in  Central  Nebraska. 

John  Dolan,  first  sergeant  of  Company  F,  killed  at  Milk  Creek,  Col ,  September 
29,  1879, liad  been  m  almost  continuous  service  for  nearly  thirty  years,  and  had 
served  more  than  twenty  years  as  a  first  sergeant.  He  served  two  enlist- 
ments in  the  First  Dragoons  from  1850  to  i860,  and  during  his  first  enlist- 
ment was  on  active  service  against  hostile  Indians  and  was  distinguished 
for  bravery  and  good  deportment.  He  participated,  during  his  second  en- 
listment, in  many  expeditions,  and  was  frequently  engaged  in  combats  with 
the  Apaches  in  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  His  third  enlistment  was  with 
the  First  (now  Fourth)  Cavalry,  and  during  the  year  i860  he  participated  in 
an  expedition  against  the  Kiowas  and  Comanches.  He  served,  with  his  regi- 
ment, during  the  early  operations  of  the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  participating 
in  the  battles  of  Springfield  and  Shiloh,  and  the  fall  of  Corinth.  He  dis- 
tinguished himself  in  the  battles  of  Perryville  and  Stone  River  ;  commanded 
his  company  at  Stone  River,  and  had  a  horse  killed  under  him  during  the 
pursuit  of  General  Bragg  ;  also  had  a  horse  killed  under  him  and  was  severely 
wounded  while  commanding  the  advance-guard  at  the  battle  of  Snow  Hill. 
He  served  with  General  Sherman's  army  in  Georgia,  and  afterwards  joined 
the  army  under  General  Thomas  and  participated  in  the  battle  of  Nashville, 
where  he  had  a  horse  killed  under  him,  was  captured  and  sent  to  Anderson- 
ville,  where  he  remained  four  months,  when  he  was  exchanged,  and  rejoined 
his  regiment  in  July,  1865.  He  was  in  constant  service,  after  the  war,  in 
Georgia  and  Texas  until  December,  1870,  when  he  was  discharged  for  dis- 
ability resulting  from  the  breaking  out  of  old  wounds  ;  after  his  wounds  had 
again  healed  he  enlisted  in  the  Sixth  Cavalry  in  November,  1S71,  and  had 
active  service  in  the  Indian  Territory  and  Arizona  until  the  expiration  of  his 
fifth  period  of  service,  when  he  joined  the  Fifth  Cavalry,  in  1876,  on  his 
sixth  enlistment.  He  was  recommended  for  a  commission  in  1S63,  but  de- 
clined an  examination  ;  was  again  recommended  in  1S64,  but  failed  to  pass 
the  required  physical  examination  because  of  the  wounds  received  at  Snow 
Hill  ;  was  again  recommended  in  1878,  and  when  he  mat  his  death  in  battle 
a  bill  was  pending  in  Congress  authorizing  the  President  to  appoint  him  a 
second  lieutenant  and  place  him  on  the  retired  list.  It  was  favorably  reported 
after  the  gallant  soldier  was  dead.  He  was  a  model  first  sergeant,  and  per- 
fect in  the  duties  of  his  office.  He  commanded,  under  all  circumstances, 
the  respect  and  good-will  of  his  officers. 

Samuel  P.  Spear,  who  served  as  a  first  sergeant  of  Company  F,  Fifth  (old 
Second)  Cavalry,  was  colonel  of  the  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Volunteers  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  Rebellion,  and  was  made  a  brevet  brigadier-general  of 
volunteers. 

Saddler-Sergeant  Jacob  Feathers  (now  serving  as  saddler-sergeant  of  the  Third 
Cavalry)  enlisted  December  25,  1846.  He  participated  in  the  battles  of 
Contreras,  Molino  del  Rey,  Chapultepec,  and  the  capture  of  the  city  of 
Mexico  ;  was  engaged  in  more  than  thirty  battles  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion,  and  later  in  frequent  combats  with  hostile  Indians.  He  has  been 
conspicuous  for  gallantry,  integrity,  and  devotion  to  duty,  and  richly  de- 
serves a  substantial  reward  for  long  and  faithful  services. 

Charles  B.  Henry,  private  Company  E,  Fifth  Cavalry,  joined  the  Arctic  Expedi- 
tion to  Lady  Franklin  Bay  in  June,  1881,  and  is  now  serving  with  the  expe- 
dition. 


APPENDIX.  683 

No.    11. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY 

Who   have   been    Killed  or  Wounded    in  Battle  or   in  the 
Line  of  their  Duty. 


COLONELS. 


Albert  S.  Johnston. — Killed,  battle  of  Shiloh,  Tenn.,  April  6,  1862,  while 
commanding  the  Confederate  forces  with  the  rank  of  general. 

George  H.  Thomas. — Twice  wounded,  Indian  combat,  Salt  Branch  of  the 
Brazos  River,  Texas,  August   26,  i860. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 

1.  Robert  E.  Lee. — Wounded,   storming  of  Chapultepec,  Mex.,  September  13, 

1847. 

2.  John  Sedgwick. — Wounded,  battle  of  Glendale,  Va.,  June  30,  1862  ;  thrice 

severely  wounded,  battle  of  Antietam,  Md.,  September  17,  1S62  ;  killed 
by  a  sharpshooter,  while  making  a  personal  reconnaissance  and  directing 
the  placing  of  some  artillery  for  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  Va.,  May  9, 
1864. 

7.  Thomas  Duncan. — Severely  wounded,  action  near  Albuquerque,  N.  M.,  April 

8,  1S62. 

8.  John  P.  Hatch.— Wounded,   battle  of  Manassas,  Va.,  August  30,  1862;  se- 

verely wounded,  battle  of  South  Mountain,  Md.,  September  14,  r862. 

9.  Eugene  A.  Carr. — Severely  wounded,   Indian   combat  near  Mount  Diavolo, 

Texas,  October  10,  1854;  thrice  wounded,  battle  of  Pea  Ridge,  Ark., 
March  6-8,  1862  (horse  twice  hit  and  sabre  once). 


MAJORS. 


1.  William  J.  Hardee.— Wounded,  battle  of  Shiloh,  Tenn.,  April  6,  1862, 
while  commanding  a  division  of  the  Confederate  forces  with  the  rank  of 
brigad  ier-general. 

4.  Earl  Van  Dorn. — Wounded,  on  entering  the   Belen   Gate  at  the  capture  of 

the  city  of  Mexico.  September  13,  1S47  ;  dangerously  wounded,  Indian 
combat,  Wichita  Village,  C.  N.,  October  1,  1S5S  (twice  wounded  in 
thi>  combat). 

5.  Edmund    K.  Smith. — Severely  wounded,  Indian  combat    at   Small   Creek,    a 

tributary  of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  C.  N\,  May  13,  1859  '< 
severely  wounded,  battle  of  Bull  Run,  Va.,  July  21,  l86l,  while  com- 
manding a  brigade  of  the  Confederate  forces  with  the  rank  of  brigadier- 
general. 

6.  James  Oakes. — Twice  severely  wounded,  Indian  combat  between  the  Nueces 

and  the  Rio  Grande,  Texas,  August  12,  1850. 


684  APPENDIX. 

7.  Innis  N.  Palmer. — Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Chapultepec,  Mex.,  Septem- 
ber 13,  1847. 

10.  David  H.  Hastings. — Wounded,  battle  of  Contreras,  Mex ,  August  20,  1847 

(as  first  sergeant,  company  of  United  States  Sappers  and  Miners);  severely 
wounded,  entering  the  city  of  Mexico,  September  13,  1S47  (as  first  ser- 
geant, company  of  United  States  Sappers  and  Miners)  ;  severely  injured 
by  the  falling  of  his  horse  while  in  pursuit  of  hostile  Indians  near  Fort 
Buchanan,  N.  M.,  October  7,  1857. 

11.  David  S.  Stanley.— Wounded,  battle  of  Jonesboro,  Ga.,  September  1,  1864  ; 

battle  of  Franklin,  Tenn.,  November  30,  1864. 

12.  William  B.  Royall. — Severely  wounded,  action  at  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  13, 

1S62  (received  six  sabre  wounds  on  head  and  face  while  engaged  in  a 
hand-to-hand  combat  with  the  enemy). 
18.  Edwin  V.  Sumner. — Twice  wounded,  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Va.,  May  6, 
1864. 


ASSISTANT   SURGEON,    GENERAL   STAFF. 
George  L.  Porter. — Wounded,  action  at  Boonsboro,  Md.,  July  8-9,  1863. 


CAPTAINS. 


6.   Theodore  O'Hara. — Desperately  wounded,  battle  of  Churubusco,  Mex.,  Au- 
gust 20,  1847  ;  severely  wounded,  affair  at  Cardenas,  Cuba,  May,  1850. 
9.  Albert  G.  Brackett.— Wounded,  action  near  Stewart's  Plantation,  Ark.,  June 
27,  1S62. 

12.  Richard  W.  Johnson. — Severely  wounded,  battle  of  New  Hope  Church,  Ga., 
May  28,  1864. 

14.  Charles  W.  Field— Desperately  wounded  through  the  hips,  battle  of  second 
Manassas  (Bull  Run),  Va.,  August  29-30,  1S62,  while  commanding  Con- 
federate forces  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 

17.  William  P.  Chambliss.—  Wounded  six  times  while  making  a  cavalry  charge  at 
the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.,  June  27,  1862. 

22.  Abraham  K.  Arnold.— Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.,  June 

27,  1S62. 

23.  William  McLean.— Severely  wounded,  action  at  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  13, 

1862. 

24.  Louis  D.  Watkins. — Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.,  June  27. 

1862. 
26.  Thomas  Drummond.—  Killed,   battle   of  Five    Forks,   Va.,  April    1,   1865, 
while  commanding  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 

28.  Edward  H.  Leib.— Severely  wounded,  action  at  Five  Forks,  Va.,  March  31, 

1865. 

29.  Joseph  P.  Ash.— Wounded,  skirmish  at  Little  Washington,  Va.,  November 

8,  1862  ;  action  at  Morton's  Ford,  Va.,  October  II,  1863  ;  action  near 
Barnett's  Ford,  Va.,  February  7,  1864.  Killed,  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern, 
Va.,  May  8,  1864,  while  gallantly  attempting  to  rally  a  regiment  of  in- 
fantry. 
31.  John  B.  Mcintosh.— Severely  injured  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  while  employed 
with  his  brigade  in  guarding  a  part  of  the  Orange  and  Alexandria  Rail- 
way, Va.,  October  1,  1863  ;    severely  wounded  (lost  right  leg),  battle  of 


APPENDIX.  685 

Winchester,  Va.,  while  leading  a  charge  with  the  Fifth  New  York  Cav- 
alry to  determine  the  number  of  the  enemy's  cavalry  on  the  National 
left  flank,  September  19,  1864. 
33.  George  A.  Custer. — Wounded,  action  at  Culpepper  Court-I louse,  Va.,  Sep- 
tember 13,  1863.  Killed,  Indian  combat,  Little  Big  Horn  River,  Mon., 
June  25,  1876. 

35.  Thomas  E.  Maley.— Wounded,  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.,  June  27,  1862  ; 

severely  wounded,  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  July  28,  [864. 

36.  Gustavus  Urban.— Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.,  June  9, 

1863  ;  wounded,  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.,  July  28,  1864. 

37.  Jeremiah  C.  Denney.— Seriously  injured  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va., 

June  27,  1862,  on  which  date  he  was  sergeant-major  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry. 
42.  Robert   P.  Wilson.— Wounded,  engagements    at  Manassas  Gap,  Va.,  July 
21-23,  1863  ;  action  near  Brandy  Station,  Va.,  August  1,  1863. 

45.  Alexander  S.  Clarke.— Wounded,  action  at  Namozine  Creek,  Va.,  April  2, 

1865. 

46.  Emil  Adam.— Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Shiloh,  Tenn.,  April  6,  1862  ; 

wounded,  engagement  at  Cherokee  and  Lundy's  Lane,  Ala.,  April  17, 
1863. 

47.  John    M.    Hamilton.— Wounded,  battle  of   Marye's    Heights,    Va.    (second 

Fredericksburg),  May  3,  1863. 

51.  Edward  M.  Hayes.— Severely  wounded,  skirmish  near  Fayetteville,  Tenn., 

August  27,  1862  ;  wounded,  battle  of  Resaca,  Ga.,  May  13,  1864. 

52.  J.  Scott  Payne.— Twice  wounded,  Indian  combat,   Milk  Creek,  Col.,  Sep- 

tember 29,  1879. 

54.  Calbraith  P.   Rodgers.— Killed  by  lightning  at  Rock  Creek.  Wyo.,  August 

23,  1878,  while  en  route  from  a  temporary  absence  on  duty  at  Fort  D. 
A.  Russell,  Wyo.,  to  his  command  in  the  field  in  the  Big  Horn  country, 
Wyo. 

55.  John  B.  Babcock.— Slightly  wounded,  Indian  combat  seven  miles  north-east 

of  the  forks  of  Tonto  Creek,  Ariz.,  June  16,  1873. 
59.  Charles  King.— Severely  wounded,   Indian   combat,   Sunset    Pass,   eighteen 
miles  from  Little  Colorado  River,  Ariz.,  November  1,  1874. 


FIRST   LIEUTENANTS. 

13.  George  B.  Cosby —Severely  wounded,  Indian  combat  near  Lake  Trinidad, 
Texas,  May  9,  1854. 

IS  Tohn  B  Hood  —Severely  wounded  in  hand-to-hand  combat  with  Lipans  and 
Comanches,  head-waters  of  Devil's  River,  Texas,  July  20,  1857  i  1-attle 
of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  3-4,  1S63,  while  commanding  the  1  exas  (Con- 
federate) Brigade  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general  ;  battle  of  Lnicka- 
maura,  Ga.  (losing  a  leg),  September  19-20,  1863.  while  commanding  a 
division  of  the  Confederate  forces  with  the  rank  of  major-general. 
Wounded,  battle  of  Resaca,  Ga.,  May  13-15.  1864,  while  commanding  a 
corps  of  the  Confederate  forces  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant-general. 

16.  James  B.  Witherell.—  Wounded,  Indian  combat  seventy  miles  north  east  of 

the  Nueces,  Texas,  November  8,  1857. 

17.  Joseph  F.  Minter.— Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Monterey,  Mex.,  September 

21-23,  1846. 


686  APPENDIX. 

22.  Fitzhugh  Lee. — Severely  wounded,  Indian  combat  at  Small  Creek,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Nescutunga,  near  Fort  Atkinson,  C.  N.,  May  13,  1859  ; 
severely  wounded,  battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  September  19,  1S64,  while 
commanding  a  division  of  Confederate  cavalry  with  the  rank  of  major- 
general. 

25.  John  J.  Sweet.— Killed,  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.,  June  27,  1862. 

27.  Charles  H.  Tompkins. — Injured  by  his  wounded  horse  falling  on  him,  Fair- 
fax Court-House,  Va.,  June  1,  1861. 

29.  Sullivan  W.  Burbank.— Died,  June  9,  1864,  of  wounds  received  in  the  battle 
of  the  Wilderness,  Va.,  May  5,  1864. 

40.  Richard  Bvrnes.— Died,  June  12,  1864,  of  wounds  received  in  the  battle 
of  Cold'  Harbor,  Va.,  June  3,  1864,  while  commanding  the  Irish  Brigade, 
Army  of  the  Potomac. 

43.  Frank  W.  Dickerson.— Wounded,  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.,  June  9,  1863. 

54.  Edward  Murphy.— Severely  wounded  (losing  a  leg),  battle  of  Winchester, 

Va.,  September  19,  1864. 

55.  Joseph  P.  Henley  —Killed,  battle  of  Trevillian  Station,  Va.,  June  12,  1864. 

57.  Kenelm  Robbins.— Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  September 

19,  1864. 

58.  Richard  Fitzgerald.— Killed,  battle  of  Winchester,  Va.,  September  19,  1864. 
60.  John  Trevor.— Died,  September  29,  1864,  of  wounds  received  in  the  battle 

of  Winchester,  Va.,  September  19,  1864. 

63.  William  H.  Churchill.— Wounded,  action  at  Stanardsville,  Va.  (as  first  ser- 
geant, Company  K,  Fifth  Cavalry),  March  1,  1864;  died,  August  20, 
1866,  from  injuries  received  by  a  fall  from  his  horse  while  at  a  mounted 
drill. 

77.  Amos  Webster.— W'ounded,  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  3,  1863. 

81.  Jacob  Almy.— Murdered  by  an  Apache  Indian  at  the  San  Carlos  Indian 
Agency'  Ariz.,  on  the  morning  of  May  27,  1873,  while  endeavoring,  in  the 
line  of  his  duty,  to  arrest  an  Indian  who  had  offered  violence  to  the  agent. 

85.  Bernard  Reilly,  Jr.— Wrounded,  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.,  September  19- 

20,  1863. 

94.  Adolphus  W.  Greely.— Wounded,  battle  of  White  Oak  Swamp,  Va.,  June 
28,  1862  ;  twice  wounded,  battle  of  Antietam,  Md.,  September  16-17, 
1862. 
103.  George  O.  Eaton.— Wounded,  by  accidental  discharge  of  his  pistol,  at  camp 
on  Rose  Bud  Creek,  Mon.,  August  7,  1876,  while  attempting  to  check  a 
night  stampede  of  the  horses  of  Company  A. 


SECOND   LIEUTENANTS. 

3.  George  B.  Anderson.— Died,  October  16,   1862,  of  wounds  received  in  the 
battle  of  Antietam,  Md.,  September  16-17,    1862,  while  commanding  a 
Confederate  brigade  with  the  rank  of  brigadier-general. 
10.  Robert   C.    Wood,    Jr.— Wounded,    Indian   combat    north    branch    of    the 
Concho,  Texas,  February  12,  1857. 

13.  John  Williams.— Murdered  by  a  soldier  at  a  camp  on   Limpia  Creek,  El 

Paso  Road,  Texas,  June  30,  1S55,  while  endeavoring,  in  the  line  of  his 
duty,  to  quell  the  disorderly  conduct  of  the  murderer. 

14.  Cornelius  Van  Camp.— Killed,  Indian  combat,  Wichita  Village,  C.  N..  Oc- 

tober 1,  1858. 


APPENDIX.  687 

22.  George  A.  Cunningham. — Wounded,  battle  and  capture  of  Fort  Donelson, 
Tenn.,  February  15-16,  1862,  while  commanding  Confederate  forces  with 
the  rank  of  major  of  artillery. 

32.  Edward  W.  Hinks. — Severely  wounded,  battle  of  Glendale,  Va.,  June  30, 
1862;  twice  severely  wounded,  battle  of  Antietam,  Md.,  September  17, 

1862  ;   severely  injured  by  his  horse  falling  on  him,  assault  on  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  June  15-16,  1864. 

36.  Charles  E.  Hazlett— Killed,  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July  2,  1863. 

37.  Thomas  M.  Anderson. — Wounded,  battle  of  Chancellorsville,   Va.,   May  2, 

1863  ;  severely  wounded,  battle  of  Spottsylvania  Court-House,  Va.,  May 
12,  1864. 

64.   Myles   Moylan. — Wounded,    Indian    combat,   Bear   Paw    Mountain,    Mon., 

September  30,  1S77. 
67.  William  Brophy. — Wounded,  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.  (as  sergeant,  Com- 
pany D,  Fifth  Cavalry),  June  27.   1862  ;    action  at  Markham's  Station, 
Va.  (as  first  sergeant,  Company  D,  Fifth  Cavalry),  November  4,  1862. 
69.  Joseph  H.  Wood.— Wounded  (at  Fairfield),  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.,  July 
3;  1863. 

104.  William  L.  Porter.— Died,  April  23,  1868,  of  wounds  received,  in  the  line  of 
his  duty,  at  Gallatin,  Tenn.,  caused  by  the  bursting  of  a  gun  while  firing 
a  salute  on  February  22,  1868. 

123.  Reid  T.  Stewart. —Murdered  by  Apache  Indians  in  Davidson  Canon,  Ariz., 
August  27,  1872,  while  en  route,  in  the  line  of  his  duty,  to  attend  as  judge- 
advocate  a  general  court-martial  at  Tucson,  Ariz. 

136.  Samuel  A.  Cherry. — Murdered  by  a  soldier  at  Rock  Creek,  Dak.,  May  11 
1881,  while  in  command  of  a  detachment  in  pursuit  of  desperadoes. 

140.  James  V.  S.  Paddock. — Twice  wounded,  Indian  combat,  Milk  Creek,  Col., 
September  29,  1879. 


BREVET   SECOND   LIEUTENANTS. 

Wade  H.  Gibbes.— Severely  wounded,  assault  on  Petersburg  (mine),  Va.,  July 
30,  1864,  while  commanding  Confederate  artillery  with  the  rank  of  major. 


688  APPENDIX. 

No.    12. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  FIFTH  CAVALRY 

Who    have    Served  in  the  Volunteer  Armies   of  the   U.   S. 


COLONELS. 

Albert  S.  Johnston. — Assistant  adjutant-general  of  Illinois  volunteers, 
with  the  rank  of  colonel,  May  9,  iS32-October  II,  1832  ;  colonel  First 
Texas  Rifle  Volunteers,  July  18,  iS46-August  24,  1S46  ;  acting  inspector- 
general  on  the  staff  of  Major-General  William  O.  Butler,  September  1, 
1846-October  1,  1846. 

George  H.  Thomas.— Brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  August  17,  1861-April 
25,  1S62  ;  major-general  of  volunteers,  April  25,  iS62-December  15, 
1864. 

William  H.  Emory. — Lieutenant-colonel  regiment  of  Maryland  and  District 
of  Columbia  volunteers,  September  30,  1847-July  24,  1848  ;  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  March  17,  1862-September  25,  1S65  ;  major-gen- 
eral of  volunteers,  September  25,  1865-January  15,  1866. 

Wesley  Merritt. — Brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  June  29,  1863- April  I, 
1865  ;  major-general  of  volunteers,  April  I,  1865-February  1,  1866. 


LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 

a.  John  Sedgwick.— Brigadier-general  of  volunteers,   August  31,   1861-July  4, 
1862  ;  major-general  of  volunteers,  July  4,  iS62-May  9,  1864. 

5.  Lawrence   P.   Graham.— Brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  August  31,    1861- 

August  24,  1865. 

6.  Andrew  I.  Smith. — Acting  lieutenant-colonel  battalion  Iowa  (Mormon)  volun- 

teers," August  30,  1846-October  13,  1S46  ;  colonel  Second  California  Cav- 
alry, October  2,  1861-November  13,  1861  ;  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers, March  17,  1862-May  12,  1864  ;  major-general  of  volunteers,  May 
12,  1864-January  15,  1866. 

8.  John  P.  Hatch.— Brigadier  general  of  volunteers,  September  28,  1861-Janu- 

ary  15,  1S66. 

9.  Eugene  A.  Carr.— Colonel  Third  Illinois  Cavalry,  August  15,  iS6i-March  7, 

1862;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  March  7,  iS62-January  15,  1866. 
10.  Charles  E.  Compton.— Served  in  the  First  Iowa  Volunteers,  May  7,  1S61- 
Augu>>t  21,  1061  ;  captain  Eleventh  Iowa  Volunteers,  October  19,  1S61- 
May  5.  1863  ;  major  Forty  seventh  United  States  Colored  Troops,  May  5, 
ifif,3-])ccember  9,  1864;  lieutenant-colonel  Fifty-third  United  States 
Colored  Troops,  December  9,  1864-March  8,  1866. 


APPENDIX. 


MAJORS. 


6.  James  Oakes.— Brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  May  17,  1861— declined  be- 

cause of  ill-health  resulting  from  wounds  received  in  an  Indian  combat. 

7.  Innis    N.    Palmer.— Brigadier-general   of  volunteers,    September   23,    1861- 

January  15,  1866. 

11.  David    S.    Stanley.— Brigadier-general   of   volunteers,  September  28,   1861- 

November  29,  1862  ;  major-general  of  volunteers,  November  29,  1862- 
February  1,  1S66. 

12.  William  B.  Royall.— First  lieutenant  Second  Missouri  Mounted  Volunteers, 

July  31,  1846-August  14,  1847  ;  first  lieutenant  and  adjutant  Santa  Fe 
Battalion,  August  14,  1847-October  20,  1848  ;  colonel  Twenty-seventh 
New  Jersey  Volunteers,  September  24,  1862— declined  because  of  wounds 
received  at  Old  Church,  Va.,  June  13,  1862,  which  at  that  time  incapaci- 
tated him  for  active  service  in  the  field. 

13.  Nelson  B.  Sweitzer.— Additional  aide-de-camp,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant- 

colonel,  September  2S,  iS6i-March  31,  1863  ;  colonel  Sixteenth  New 
York  Cavalry,  November  12,  iS64-June  23,  1865  ;  colonel  Third  New 
York  Provisional  Cavalry,  June  23,  1865-September  21,  1865. 

14.  Eugene  W.  Crittenden.— Colonel   Twelfth   Kentucky   Cavalry,    March   20, 

1863-August  23,  1865. 

18.  Edwin  V.  Sumner.— Served  in   "  Clay  Guards,"  Washington,   D.  C,   April, 

1861  ;  major  Second  California  Cavalry,  September  10,  1861 — declined ; 
aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  with  the  rank  of  major,  May  19,  1863-Au- 
gust 15,  1863  ;  colonel  First  New  York  Mounted  Rifles,  September  8, 
1864-November  29,  1865. 

19.  Louis  H.  Carpenter.— Lieutenant- colonel  Fifth  United  States  Colored  Cav- 

alry, October  1,  1864-November  2,  1865  ;  colonel  Fifth  United  States 
Colored  Cavalry,  November  2,  1865-March  16,  1866. 


CAPTAINS. 


5.  George  Stoneman,  Jr.— Brigadier-general  of  volunteers,   August   13,    1861- 

November  29,  1862  ;  major-general  of  volunteers,  November  29,  1862- 
September  1,  1866. 

6.  Theodore  O'Hara.— Assistant  quartermaster  (captain),  June  26,  1846-Octo- 

ber  15,  1848. 

7.  William  R.  Bradfute. — Served  in  the  First  Tennessee  Volunteers,  May,  1846; 

first  lieutenant  First  Tennessee  Volunteers,  May  23,  1846-May  31,  1847  ; 
captain  Third  Tennessee  Volunteers,  October  7,  1847-July  24,  1848. 

8.  Charles  E.  Travis.— Captain  of  a  company  of  Texas  Rangers,  1854-1S55. 

9.  Albert  G.  Brackett. — Second  lieutenant  Fourth  Indiana  Volunteers,  June  1, 

1847-June  18,  1847  ;  first  lieutenant  Fourth  Indiana  Volunteers,  June  18, 
i>47-July  16,  1848;  colonel  Ninth  Illinois  Cavalry,  October  26,  1861- 
October  26,  1864. 

12.  Richard  W.  Johnson.— Lieutenant-colonel  Third  Kentucky  Cavalry,  August 

28,  1861-October  11,  1861  ;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  October  11, 
1861-January  15, 1866. 

13.  Joseph  II.  McArthur. — Lieutenant-colonel  Sixth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Sep- 

tember 11,  1861-February  3,  1862. 
15.   Kenner  Garrard.— Colonel  One  Hundred  and  Forty-sixth  New  York  Volun- 
teers, September  23,  1862-July  23,  1863  ;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers, 
July  23,  1863-August  24,  1865. 
45 


690  APPENDIX. 

17.  William  P.  Chambliss. — Second  lieutenant  First  Tennessee  Mounted  Volun- 

teers, May  23,  1846-May  31,  1847;  captain  Third  Tennessee  Volunteers, 
October  7,  1847-July  24,  1848. 

18.  Robert  N.  Eagle. — Served  as  a  volunteer  in  the  war  with  Mexico. 

19.  William  W.  Lowe. — Colonel    Fifth  Iowa  Cavalry,  December  5,  1861-Janu- 

ary  24,  1865. 
21.  Wesley  Owens. — Lieutenant-colonel,  assistant  inspector-general,  Third  Army 

Corps.  Army  of  the  Potomac,  January  1,  iS63~March   23,  1S63  ;  colonel 

Eighth  Ohio  Cavalry,  May  12,  1865-June  30,  1865. 
24.  Louis  D.  Watkins. — Colonel  Sixth  Kentucky  Cavalry,  January  26,  1863-Sep- 

tember  25,   1S65  ;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  September  25,  1865- 

September  1,  1866. 
26.  Thomas  Drummond. — Lieutenant-colonel  Fourth   Iowa  Cavalry,  December 

24,  iS6i-June  3,  1862. 

23.  Edward  H.  Leib. — Served  in  the  "  Washington  Artillery"  (an  independent 
organization  from  Pennsylvania),  April  16,  iS6i-April  26,  1861. 

29.  Joseph  P.  Ash. — First  lieutenant  "  Cassius  Clay's  Battalion  Pennsylvania 
Volunteers,"  April-May,  1861. 

31.  John  B.  Mcintosh. — Assigned  to  the  command  of  the   Ninety-fifth   Pennsyl- 

vania Volunteers,  July,  1862  (S.  O.  200,  Headquarters  Army  of  the  Po- 
tomac, July  11,  1S62)  ;  colonel  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  November 
15,  iS62-July  21,  1864;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  July  21,  1S64- 
April  30,  1866. 

32.  Samuel  S.  Sumner. — Captain  and  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,   August  20, 

1862-August  15,  1S63. 

33.  George  A.  Custer. — Captain,    additional  aide-de-camp,  June  5,  1862-March 

31,  1863  ;  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  June  29,  1863-April  15,  1865  ; 
major-general  of  volunteers,  April  15,  iS65~February  1,  1866. 

34.  William  H.  Brown. — Captain,  assistant  quartermaster  of  volunteers,  Decem- 

ber 1,  iS62-August  25,  1865. 

35.  Thomas  E.    Maley. — First  lieutenant   and  regimental  quartermaster   Sixth 

Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  September  12,  1861-April  22,  1S62. 

36.  Gustavus  Urban. — Tendered  appointment  of  first  lieutenant  and  regimental 

quartermaster  Third  Kentucky  Cavalry,  September  12,  1S61 — declined ; 
captain,  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volunteers,  September  16,  1S61- 
January  30,  1863. 
42.  Robert  P.  Wilson. — Served  in  the  First  Troop,  Philadelphia  City  Cavalry, 
during  General  Patterson's  Shenandoah  campaign,  June-August,  1S61  ; 
first  lieutenant  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  January  24,  1862-Septem- 
ber  7,  1862. 

46.  Emil  Adam. — Served  in  the  Alton  Yagers,  Illinois  National  Guard,  April  18, 

lS6i-April  25,  1S61  ;  second  lieutenant  Ninth   Illinois  Volunteers,  April 

25,  1861-July  28,  1861  ;  first  lieutenant  Ninth  Illinois  Volunteers,  July 
28,  1861-November  14,  1861  ;  captain  Ninth  Illinois  Volunteers,  No- 
vember 14,  1861-August  20,  1864  ;  served  in  the  One  Hundred  and  Forty- 
fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  September  1-10,  1864  ;  captain  One  Hundred 
and  Forty-fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  September  10,  1364-March  iS, 
1865  ;  major  One  Hundred  and  Forty-fourth  Illinois  Volunteers,  March 
18,  lS65-July  14,  1S65. 

47.  John  M.  Hamilton. — Served  in  the  Thirty-third  New  York  Volunteers,  May 

1,  1861-June  2,  1863  ;  second  lieutenant  Ninth  United  States  Colored 
Troops,  December  24,  1863-May  15,  1865  ;  first  lieutenant  Ninth  United 
States  Colored  Troops,  May  15,  iS65-June  20,  1867. 


APPENDIX.  691 

4S.  Sanford  C.  Kellogg. — Served  in  the  Thirty-seventh  New  York  National 
Guard,  May  29,  [862-September  2,  1862;  captain,  aide-de-camp  of 
volunteers,  March  II,  iS63-[uly  10,  1S66. 

50.  George  F.  Price. — First  lieutenant  Second  California  Cavalry,  September  3, 

1861-Novembcr  14,  iS(>i  ;  captain  Second  California  Cavalry,  November 
14,  iS6i-July  9,  1S66  ;  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  January  14,  1S66- 
April  30,  1S66. 

51.  Edward    M.    Hayes. — Appointed    second    lieutenant    of    Ohio    volunteers, 

October  9,  1862  ;  first  lieutenant  Tenth  Ohio  Cavalry,  January  15,  1863- 
March  24,  1864  ;  captain  Tenth  Ohio  Cavalry,  March  24,  iSo4~July  24, 
1865  ;  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  August  6,  1864-July  — ,  1865. 
53.  Albert  E.  Woodson. — Served  in  the  First  Washington  Territory  Volunteers, 
April  27,  1S62- April  14,  1863  ;  second  lieutenant  First  Washington 
Territory  Volunteers,  April  14,  1863-March  25,  1865. 

55.  John  B.  Babcock. — Served  in  the  Thirty-seventh  New  York  National  Guard, 

May  29,  1 862-September  2,  1862  ;  second  lieutenant  One  Hundred  and 
Seventy-fourth  New  York  Volunteers,  November  13,  1862-December  1, 
1863  ;  first  lieutenant  One  Hundred  and  Seventy-fourth  New  York 
Volunteers,  December  1,  1863-June  26,  1864  (when  the  regiment  was 
consolidated  with  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-second  New  York  Volun- 
teers and  designated  the  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-second  New  York 
Volunteers),  and  from  the  latter  date,  in  the  same  grade,  until  December 
9,  1864  ;  captain  One  Hundred  and  Sixty-second  New  York  Volunteers, 
December  9,  1864-January  1,  1865  ;  major  One  Hundred  and  Sixty- 
second  New  York  Volunteers,  January  1,  1865-July  23,  1865. 

56.  Edward    W.    Ward. — First    lieutenant    Twyman's   company   of    Kentucky 

Scouts,  December  26,  iS6i-March  24,  1863  ;  captain  Twyman's  com- 
pany of  Kentucky  Scouts,  March  24,  1863-July  27,  1863,  when  trans- 
ferred as  a  captain  to  the  Third  Kentucky  Cavalry,  and  served  in  that 
grade  until  July  15,  1865  ;  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  September  4, 
iS62-March  — ,  1S63,  and  February-July,  1865. 

57.  William  J.  Volkmar. — Served  in  the  Thirty-third  Pennsylvania  Volunteers, 

June  19,  1863-August  4,  1863. 


FIRST   LIEUTENANTS. 

William  H.  Jenifer. — First  lieutenant  of  dragoons,  February  18,  iS47-April 
9,  1847  ;  first  lieutenant  Third  Dragoons,  April  9,  iS47~July  16,  1847  ; 
captain  Third  Dragoons,  July  16,  1847-July  31,  1S48. 

Alexander  H.  Cross. — First  lieutenant  of  Voltigeurs,  April  9,  1847-August 
31,  1848. 

Charles  Radziminski. — Second  lieutenant  Third  Dragoons,  April  9,  1847- 
July  31,  1848. 

Joseph  F.  Minter. — Served  in  the  First  Texas  Rifle  Volunteers,  May  24, 
1846-August  24,  1846  ;  served  in  Captain  Ben  McCulloch's  Mounted 
Spy  Company  (Texas),  January  31,  1847-July  31,  1S47  ;  served  with 
Texas  troops  on  the  northern  frontier  of  that  State,  1847-4S. 

A.  Parker  Porter. — Lieutenant-colonel,  commissary  of  subsistence  of  volun- 
teers, August  20,  iS62-July  3,  1S65. 

Charles  H.  Tompkins. — Colonel  First  Vermont  Cavalry,  April  24,  ic62- 
September  9,  1862  ;  lieutenant-colonel,  quartermaster  of  volunteers,  July 
1,  iS<>5-June  11,  1866;  colonel,  quartermaster  of  volunteers,  June  13, 
1866-January  1,  1867. 


692  APPENDIX. 

40.  Richard  Byrnes. — Colonel  Twenty-eighth  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  Sep- 
tember 29,  iS62-June  12,  1864. 

64.  Augustus  H.  D.  Williams. — First  lieutenant  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Cavalry, 
September  29,  1861-September  7,  1864. 

66.  James  C.  Cooley. — First  lieutenant  One  Hundred  and  Thirty-third  New 
York  Volunteers  (also  known  as  Second  Regiment  Metropolitan  Guard) — 
dates  not  ascertained. 

72.  Edward  P.  Doherty. — Services  as  a  lieutenant  not  ascertained  ;  captain  Six- 
teenth New  York  Cavalry,  April  23,  iS65-June  23,  1S65  (when  the  regi- 
ment was  consolidated  with  the  Thirteenth  New  York  Cavalry  and  desig- 
nated as  the  Third  Provisional  New  York  Cavalry),  and  from  the  latter 
date,  in  the  same  grade,  until  September  21,  1865. 

77.  Amos  Webster. — Served  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  May  24, 
1861-May  8,  1862  ;  second  lieutenant  First  Massachusetts  Volunteers, 
May  8,  1862-September  8,  1863  ;  first  lieutenant  First  Massachusetts 
Volunteers,  September  8,  1863-May  24,  1864  ;  captain,  additional  aide- 
de-camp  of  volunteers,  May  24,  1864-October  1,  1S64  ;  captain,  assistant 
quartermaster  of  volunteers,  October  1,  1864-October  1,  1867  ;  adjutant- 
general,  District  of  Columbia,  January  1,  1871,  to  date. 

79.  Jules  C.  A.    Schenofsky. — Captain,  additional  aide-de-camp   of   volunteers, 

June  11,  1862-May  22,  1805. 

80.  Peter  V.    Haskin. — Services  as  a  second  lieutenant  not  ascertained  ;    first 

lieutenant  Sixth  New  York  Cavalry  (organized  September,  1861),  Decem- 
ber I,  1864-June  17,  1865  (when  the  regiment  was  consolidated  with  the 
Fifteenth  New  York  Cavalry  and  designated  as  the  Second  Provisional 
New  York  Cavalry),  and  from  the  latter  date,  in  the  same  grade,  until 
August  9,  1865. 

81.  Jacob  Almy. — Served  in  the  Thirty-third  Massachusetts  Volunteers,  August 

4,  1862-February  5,  1863. 
85.  Bernard    Reilly,    Jr. — Second    lieutenant    Seventh    Pennsylvania    Cavalry, 

November  18,  1861-July  1,  1863  ;  first  lieutenant  Seventh  Pennsylvania 

Cavalry,  July  1,  1863-April  21,  1864. 
92.  Earl  D.  Thomas — Served  in  the  Eighth  Illinois  Cavalry,  April  1,  1862-April 

23,  1865. 

94.  Adolphus  W.  Greely. — Served  in  the  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Volunteers, 

July  26,  1861-March  18,  1863  ;  second  lieutenant  Eighty-first  United 
States  Colored  Troops,  March  18,  1863-April  26,  1864  ;  first  lieutenant 
Eighty-first  United  States  Colored  Troops,  April  26,  i864-April4,  1865  ; 
captain  Eighty-first  United  States  Colored  Troops,  April  4,  1865-March 
22,  1867. 

95.  Phineas  P.  Barnard. — Captain,  assistant  quartermaster  of  volunteers,  May  13, 

1863-December  6,  1865. 
99.   George  B.  Davis. — Served  in  the  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  September  10, 
1863-June  16,  1S65  ;  second  lieutenant  First  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  June 
17,  1865-June  26,  1865  (served  in  commission  until  July  16,  1865). 
103.   George  O.  Eaton. — Served  in  the  Fifteenth   Maine  Volunteers,  February  1, 
1865-August  II,  1865. 


SECOND    LIEUTENANTS. 

6.  Edwin  R.  Merrifield.— Second  lieutenant  Fifteenth  Infantry  (Mexican  War), 
March  9,  iS47-February  17,  184S. 


APPENDIX.  693 

15.  Junius  B.  Wheeler.— Second  lieutenant  Eleventh  Infantry  (Mexican  War) 
September  9,  iS47-August  14,  1848. 

32.  Edward  W.  Hinks—  Lieutenant-colonel  Eighth  Massachusetts  Volunteers, 
April  30,  i8()i  May  id,  1861  ;  colonel  Eighth  Massachusetts  Volunteers, 
May  10,  1861-August  1,  1861  ;  colonel  Nineteenth  Massachusetts  Volun- 
teers, August  3,  1861-November  29,  1862  ;  brigadier-general  of  volun- 
teers, November  29,  1862-June  30,  1865. 

37.  Thomas  M.  Anderson. — Served  in  the  Sixth  Ohio  Volunteers,  April  20,  1861- 
May  15,  1861. 

64.  Myles  Moylan — Served  in  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Cavalry,  December  2, 
1863-January  25,  1864  ;  first  lieutenant  Fourth  Massachusetts  Cavalry, 
January  25,  1864-December  1,  1864  ;  captain  Fourth  Massachusetts 
Cavalry,  December  1,  1864-November  14,  1865. 

69.  Joseph  H.  Wood.— Major  Fifteenth  New  York  Cavalry,  September  16, 
1863-March  13,  1865  ;  lieutenant-colonel  Second  New  York  Mounted 
Rifles,  March  13,  iS65~August  10,  1865. 

84.  Henry  Jayne.— Served  in  the  Seventh  Illinois  Cavalry,  August  24,  1861-June 
7,  1862  ;  second  lieutenant  Seventh  Illinois  Cavalry,  June  7,  iS62-March 
26,  1864;  captain  Seventh  Illinois  Cavalry,  March  26,  1864 ,  1865. 

86.  Michael  V.  Sheridan.— Second  lieutenant  Second  Missouri  Volunteers,  Sep- 
tember 7,  1863-June  28,  1864  ;  captain,  aide-de-camp  of  volunteers,  May 
18,  1864-August  1,  1866. 

89.  James  W.  Walsh.— Captain  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  January  1,  1862- 

August  4,  1S63  ;  major  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  August  4,  1863- 
August  24,  1864  ;  lieutenant-colonel  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  Oc- 
tober 6,  1864-June  1,  1865,  when  transferred  as  lieutenant-colonel  to  the 
Fifth  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  June  1,  1865-August  7,  1865. 

90.  Henry  P.  Wade. — Services  as  a  lieutenant  not  ascertained  ;  captain  Fifth 

United  States  Colored  Cavalry  (organized  October,   1864)  from to 

March  10,  1866  ;  captain  Sixth  United  States  Colored  Cavalry,  March  10, 
1866-April  15,  1866. 
95.  John  P.  Cummings.—  Captain  of  volunteers— regiment  and  dates  not  ascer- 
tained. 
97.  Daniel  Hitchcock.— Services  as  a  second  lieutenant  not  ascertained  ;  first  lieu- 
tenant Fifteenth  New  York  Heavy  Artillery  (organized  October,  1861) 
from to  November  II,  1863. 

102.  E.  Willard  Warren.— Served  in  the  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  August  1, 
1861-September  13,  1862  ;  second  lieutenant  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry 
(rank  from  Tuly  17,  1862),  September  13,  1862-December  18,  1862  ;  first 
lieutenant  Third  Pennsylvania  Cavalry,  December  18,  1862-August  24, 
1864. 

104.  William  L.  Porter.— Captain,  assistant  adjutant-general  of  volunteers,  March 
28,  1865-October  1,  1866. 


BREVET   SECOND   LIEUTENANTS. 

2.   Albert  V.  Colburn. — Lieutenant-colonel,  additional  aide-de-camp,  September 
28,  1861-June  17,  1863. 


694  APPENDIX. 

No.    13. 

BREVET  COMMISSIONS 

Conferred  and  Recommended  for  Gallant,  Faithful,  and 
Meritorious  Services. 


"  Brevets  are  the  cheap  and  peculiar  reward  of  military  prowess  or  genius." — Brevet  Lieu- 
tenant-General YVinfield  Scott. 


COLONELS. 

1.  Albert  S.  Johnston. — Brevet  brigadier  general,  November  18,  1857,  for  meri- 

torious conduct  in  the  ability,  zeal,  energy,  and  prudence  displayed  by 
him  in  command  of  the  army  in  Utah. 

2.  George  H.  Thomas. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  November  6,  1841,  for  gallantry 

and  good  conduct  in  the  war  against  the  Florida  Indians  ;  brevet  captain, 
September  23,  1846,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  several  conflicts  at  Mon- 
terey, Mex.  ;  brevet  major,  February  23,  1847,  for  gallant  and  men 
torious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  Mex. ;  declined  the  brevet 
of  lieutenant-general,  February,  1868,  because  he  had  not  performed  any 
service  since  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  meriting  such  distinction. 

3.  William   H.    Emory. — Brevet  captain,    December  6,   1846,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  San  Pasqual,  Cal.  ;  brevet  major, 
January  9,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of  San 
Gabriel  and  the  Plains  of  Mesa,  Cal.  ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  October 
19,  1857,  for  valuable  and  distinguished  services  as  commissioner  for 
running  the  boundary  line  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico  ;  brevet 
colonel,  May  27,  1S62,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Hanover  Court-House,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,  July 
23,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  Red  River  campaign  ; 
brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Fisher's  Hill  and  in  the  campaign  of  the  Shenan- 
doah Valley,  Va.  ;  brevet  major  general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va. 

4.  Wesley  Merritt.— Brevet  major,  July  1,   1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. ;  brevet  lieutenant  colonel.  May 
11,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  sendees  at  the  battle  of  Vellow 
Tavern,  Va.  ;  brevet  colonel,  May  28,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Hawes'  Shop,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general  of 
volunteers,  October  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battles  of  Winchester  and  Fisher's  Hill,  Va.  ;  brevet  brigadier-general, 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Five 
Forks,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  during  the  campaign  ending  with  the  surrender  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 


APPENDIX.  695 


LIEUTENANT-COLONELS. 

1.  Robert  E.  Lee. — Brevet  major,  April  18,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

conduct  at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo.  Mex. ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel, 
August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of 
Contreras  and  Churubusco,  Mex.  ;  brevet  colonel,  September  13,  1847, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec,  Mex. 

2.  John  Sedgwick. — Brevet  captain,    August  20,    1S47,    for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  Mex.  ; 
brevet  major,  September  13,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at 
the  battle  of  Chapultepec,  Mex. 

4.  Delos  B.  Sacket. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  May  9,  1846,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious conduct  at  the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma, 
Texas  ;  brevet  brigadier  general  and  brevet  major  general,  March  13, 
1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion. 

5.  Lawrence  P.  Graham. — Brevet  major,  May  9,   1846,  for  gallant  conduct  at 

the  battles  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la  Palma,  Texas ;  brevet  briga- 
dier-general, March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

6.  Andrew  J.    Smith. — Brevet  colonel,  April  10,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious services  at  the  battle  of  Pleasant  Hill,  La.  ;  brevet  brigadier- 
general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Tupelo,  Miss.  ;  brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

7.  Thomas  Duncan. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  April  8,  1862,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  in  action  near  Albuquerque,  N.  M.  ;  brevet  colonel 
and  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

8.  John  P   Hatch. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  August  20,   1847,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  Mex.  ; 
brevet  captain,  September  13,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
at  the  battle  of  Chapultepec,  Mex.  ;  brevet  major,  August  30,  1862,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Manassas,  Va.  ;  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  September  14,  1S62,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  Md.  ;  brevet  colonel  and  brevet 
brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  ;  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers, 
March  13,  1S65,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war 
of  the  Rebellion. 

9.  Eugene  A.  Carr. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  August  10,   1861,  for  gallant 

and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Wilson's  Creek,  Mo  ;  brevet 
colonel,  May  17,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  action 
at  Big  Black  River  Bridge,  Miss.  ;  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers, 
March  II,  18^5.  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  opera- 
tions against  Mobile,  Ala.  ;  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  capture  of  Little  Rock.  Ark.  ; 
brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
10.  Charles  E.  Compton. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  March  2,  1S67,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  campaign  against  Mobile,  Ala.  ;  nomi- 
nated by  the  President  (but  no  action  taken  thereon  by  the  Senate)  to  be 
a  brevet  colonel,  August  30,  1874,  for  services  in  campaign  against 
Indians  in  Texas. 


696  APPENDIX. 

MAJORS. 

I.  William  J.  Hardee. — Brevet  major,  March  25,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious conduct  in  the  affair  at  Medelin,  near  Vera  Cruz,  Mex.  ;  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct 
in  the  affair  with  the  enemy  at  San  Augustine,  Mex. 

4.  Earl  Van  Dorn. — Brevet  captain,  April  18,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

conduct  at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  Mex.  ;  brevet  major,  August  20, 
1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and 
Churubusco,  Mex. 

5.  Edmund  K.  Smith. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  April  18,  1847,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Cerro  Gordo,  Mex.  ;  brevet  cap- 
tain, August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Contreras,  Mex. 

6.  James  Oakes. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  March  25,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious conduct  in  the  affair  at  Medelin,  Mex.  ;  brevet  captain,  Sep- 
tember 8,  1847,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Molino  del  Rey,  Mex.  ;  brevet  colonel  and  brevet  brigadier-general, 
March  30,  1865,  for  meritorious  and  faithful  services  in  the  recruitment  of 
the  armies  of  the  United  States. 

7.  Innis  N.  Palmer. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  Mex.  ; 
brevet  captain,  September  13,  1847,  for  gallant  conduct  at  the  battle  of 
Chapultepec,  Mex.;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  July  21,  1861,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Bull  Run,  Va. ;  brevet  colonel 
and  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  ;  brevet  major-general  of  volun- 
teers, March  13,  1865,  for  long  and  meritorious  services. 

8.  Joseph  H.  Whittlesey. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  February  23,  1S47,  for  gal- 

lant and  meritorious  conduct  at  the  battle  of  Buena  Vista,  Mex. 
H.  David  S.  Stanley. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  December  31,  1862,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Stone  River,  Tenn. ;  brevet 
colonel,  May  15,  1S64,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Resaca,  Ga. ;  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Ruff's  Station,  Ga. ;  brevet  major- 
general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Franklin,  Tenn. 

12.  William  B.  Royall. — Brevet  major,  May  27,  1S62,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court- House,  Va.;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  June  13,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  cavalry 
action  at  Old  Church,  Va. ;  brevet  colonel,  March  13,  1S65,  for  arduous 
and  faithful  services  in  the  recruitment  of  the  armies  of  the  United 
States. 

13.  Nelson  B.  Sweitzer. — Brevet  major,  July  I,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  during  the  Virginia  Peninsular  campaign  ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the 
battle  of  Winchester,  Va. ;  brevet  colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  distin- 
guished gallantry  at  the  battles  of  Yellow  Tavern  and  Meadow  Bridge, 
Va. ;  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  merito- 
rious and  distinguished  services  ;  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13, 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 
15.  George  A.  Gordon. — Brevet  major,  March  24,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  during  a  reconnaissance  near  New  Bridge,  Va. ;  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel,  June  11,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  battle  of  Trevillian  Station,  Va. 


APPENDIX.  697 

16.  John  J.  Upham. — Brevet  major,  July  2,  1863,   for   gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

17.  Verling  K.  Hart. — Brevet  major,  September  20,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious services  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga. ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

18.  Edwin  V.  Sumner. — Brevet  major,  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  Va. ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel, 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion  ;  brevet  brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  March  28,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the   Rebellion. 

19.  Louis  H.  Carpenter. — Brevet   first  lieutenant,  July  3,  1863,  for  gallant   and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. ;  brevet  captain,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Win- 
chester, Va.;  brevet  major  and  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  ; 
brevet  colonel  of  volunteers,  September  28,  1865,  for  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  ;  brevet  colonel,  October  18,  1S68,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  an  engagement  with  Indians  at  Beaver 
Creek,  Kan. 


ASSISTANT   SURGEON,    GENERAL   STAFF. 

George  L.  Porter. — Brevet  captain  and  brevet  major,  March   13,  1865,  for 
faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


CAPTAINS. 


5.  George  Stoneman,  Jr. — Brevet  colonel,  December  13,  1S62,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  Va.;  brevet  briga- 
dier-general, March  13,  1S65,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the 
capture  of  Charlotte.  N.  C;  brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

6.  Theodore  O'Hara.— Brevet  major,  August  20,  1847,  for  gallant  and  merito- 

rious conduct  at  the  battles  of  Contreras  and  Churubusco,  Mex. 
9.  Albert  G.  Brackett— Brevet  major,  June  28,  1862,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious services  in  the  campaign  of  1862  in  Arkansas  ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  September  I,  1S64,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during 
the  Atlanta  campaign  ;  brevet  colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

12.  Richard  W.  Johnson. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  September  20,  1863,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Chickamauga,  Ga.;  bre- 
vet colonel,  November  24,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  ;  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers, 
December  iC,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  battles 
before  Nashville,  Tenn.;  brevet  brigadier-general.  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Tenn.;  brevet 
major-general,  March  13,  1665,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

15.  Kenner  Garrard. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  July  2,  1863,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  l'a.;  1. revet  colonel,  July 
22,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  expedition  to  Coving- 
ton,  Ga. ;  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,   December   15,    1S64,   for 


b9»  APPENDIX. 

conspicuous  gallantry  and  efficiency  during  the  battle  of  December  15-16, 

1864,  before  Nashville,  Tenn.;  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1S65, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Tenn.; 
brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

17.  William  P.  Chambliss. — Brevet  major.  May  4,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  in  action  at  Warwick's  Creek,  Va. ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  June  27,  1S62,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. 

19.  William  W.  Lowe. — Brevet  major,  October  9,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious services  in  the  cavalry  engagement  near  Chickamauga,  Ga. ;  bre- 
vet lieutenant-colonel,  December  15,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  in  the  cavalry  action  near  Huntsville,  Ala. ;  brevet  colonel,  brevet 
brigadier-general  of  volunteers,  and  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13, 

1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

20.  James  E.  Harrison. — Brevet  major,  May  27,  1862,    for  gallant  and  merito- 

rious services  at  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  Va. ;  brevet  lieuten- 
ant-colonel, September  17,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at 
the  battle  of  Antietam,  Md. 

21.  Wesley  Owens. — Brevet  major,  May  27,  1S62,   for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-House,  Va.;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the 
war  pf  the  Rebellion . 

22.  Abraham  K.  Arnold. — Brevet  captain,  June  27,  1862,  for  gallant  and  merito- 

rious services  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va. ;  brevet  major,  May  6, 

1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern, 
Va. 

24.  Louis  D.  Watkins. — Brevet  major,  January  8,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  in  the  expedition  to  East  Tennessee  under  Brigadier- 
General  Samuel  P.  Carter,  United  States  volunteers  ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  March  5,  1S63,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Thompson's  Station,  Tenn.;  brevet  colonel,  June  24  1S64,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Lafayette,  Ga. ;  brevet  brigadier- 
general  of  volunteers,  June  24,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services 
at  the  battle  of  Lafayette,  Ga. ;  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  in  the  defense  of  Resaca,  Ga. 

27.  Julius  W.  Mason. — Brevet  major,  June  9,  1S63,  for  gallant   and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.  ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel, 
August  1,  1S63,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  sendees  at  the  battle  of  Brandy 
Station,  Va. 

28.  Edward  H.  Leib. — Brevet  captain,  June  13,  1S62,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  in  the  cavalry  action  at  Old  Church,  Va. ;    brevet  major,  April  I, 

1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  Va.  ; 
brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  April  1,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

29.  Joseph  P.  Ash. — Brevet  major,  November  8,  1S62,  for  conspicuous  gallantry 

in  the  skirmish  at  Little  Washington,  near  Warrenton,  Va.  ;  brevet  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, May  8,  1864,  for  conspicuous  gallantry  at  the  battle  of 
Spottsylvania,  Va. 

30.  Leicester  Walker. — Brevet  captain,  June  9,  1S63,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.  ;  brevet  major,  May  II,  1S64, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Vellow  Tavern.  Ya.  ; 
recommended  to  the  President  (but  never  nominated  to  the  Senate)  to  be 
a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  July  11,  1869,  for  gallantry  in  the  Indian  com- 
bat at  Summit  Springs,  Col. 


APPENDIX. 


699 


31.  John  B.  Mcintosh.— Brevet  major,  August  5-  1862,  for  gallant  and  mento 

rious  services  at  the  battle  of  White  Oak  Swamp,  Ya.  ;  1. revet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  Tuly  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of 
Gettysburg,  Pa.  ;  brevet  colonel,  June  I,  1864,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious services  at  the  battle  of  Ashland,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general  of  vol- 
unteers, March  13,  1865,  for  distinguished  gallantry  and  good  manage- 
ment at  the  battle  of  Opequan,  Va.  ;  brevet  brigadier-general,  March  13. 
1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  \\  inchester,  Va.  ; 
brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

32.  SamuelS.  Sumner.— Brevet  first  lieutenant,  June  1,   1S62,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Fair  Oaks,  Va.  ;  brevet  captain,  Sep- 
tember 17,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  An- 
tietam,  Md.  ;  brevet  major,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
conduct  during  the  campaign  against  Vicksburg,  Miss.  ;  recommended 
to  the  President  (but  never  nominated  to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  lieu- 
tenant-colonel, July  11,  1869,  for  gallantry  in  the  Indian  combat  at  Sum- 
mit Springs,  Col. 

33.  George  A.  Custer.— Brevet  major,  July  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.  ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  .May 
11,  1S64,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  \ellow 
Tavern,  Va.  ;  brevet  colonel,  September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general  of 
volunteers,  October  19,  1S64,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  sen-ices  at  the 
battles  of  Winchester  and  Fisher's  Hill,  Va.  ;  brevet  brigadier-general, 
March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Five 
Forks,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  during  the  campaign  ending  with  the  surrender  of  the 
Army  of  Northern  Virginia. 

34  William  H.  Brown.  — Brevet  captain,  June  18,  1864,  for  gallant  and  merito- 

rious services  during  the  Piedmont  and  Lynchburg  expedition  ;  brevet 
major  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services 
during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion  ;  brevet  major,  April  1,  1S65,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  \  a. 

35  Thomas  E.  Maley.—  Brevet  first  lieutenant,  June  27,   1862,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gaines's  Mill,  Va.  ;  brevet  captain 
September  17,  1862,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  b; 
Antietam,  Md.  ;  brevet  major,  July  28,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  Va.;  recommended  to  the  President 
(but  never  nominated  to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  lieutenant-colonel, 
July  11,  1869,  for  gallantry  in  the  Indian  combat  at  Summit  Springs,  Col. 

36  Gustavus  Urban  -Brevet  captain,  June  9,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

services  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.  ;  brevet  major,  July  . 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bottom,  \  a. 

37  Jeremiah  C.  Denney.— Brevet  captain,  October   19,   1864,  for  gallant   and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Va.  ;  recommended  to 
the  President  (but  never  nominated  to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  major, 
July  3.  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettys- 
burg, Pa. 

38  Philip  Dwyer.— Brevet  captain,  Tune  II,  1864,  for  gallant  and  me. 

services  at  the  battle  of  Trevillian  Station,  Va.;  recommended  to  the  Pres- 
ident (but  never  nominated  to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  major.  July 
28,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Deep  Bot- 
tom, Va. 


700  APPENDIX. 

39.  James  Hastings.— Brevet  captain,  September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester,  Va  ;  brevet  major,  March 
31,  1S65,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Dinwiddie 
Court-House,  Va. 

40.  Robert  Sweatman. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  July  3,    1863,   for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  in  the  Gettysburg  campaign,  Pa.  ;  brevet  captain, 
May  10,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  action  at  Beaver 
Dam  Station,  Va. 

41.  JohnH.  Kane.— Brevet  captain,  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 

vices in  the  battles  terminating  with  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  army. 

42.  Robert  P.  Wilson. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  August   1,    1863,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Brandy  Station,  Va.  ;  brevet  captain, 
May  10,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  action  at  Beaver 
Dam  Station,  Va. 

43.  Alfred  B.  Taylor. — Brevet  captain,  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 

conduct  during  the  campaign  terminating  with  the  surrender  of  General 
Lee's  army. 

44.  Robert  H.  Montgomery. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  June  9,  1863,  for  gallant 

and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Beverly  Ford,  Va.  ;  brevet  cap- 
tain, August  I,  1863,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Brandy  Station,  Va.  ;  recommended  to  the  President  (but  never  nomi- 
nated to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  major,  July  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

45.  Alexander  S.  Clarke. — Brevet  captain,  April  2,   1865,  for  gallant  and  meri- 

torious services  at  the  battle  of  Five  Forks,  Va. 

47.  John  M.  Hamilton. — Brevet  captain  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  faith- 

ful and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

48.  Sanford  C.    Kellogg. — Brevet  major,  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  and  brevet 

colonel  of  volunteers,  June  3,  1865,  for  faithful  services  and  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  Atlanta  campaign  and  at  the  battle 
of  Nashville,  Tenn.  ;  brevet  captain,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  at  the  battle  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  ;  brevet  major,  March 
2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Atlanta,  Ga. ; 
brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  ser- 
vices at  the  battle  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

50.  George  F.  Price. — Recommended  for  brevets  for  gallantry  in  Indian  combats  at 

Bear  River,  W.  T.,  January  29,  1863  ;  Cedar  Fort,  Utah,  March  30,  1863  ; 
and  Spanish  Fork  Canon,  Utah,  April  4  and  15,  1863,  but  not  favorably 
considered  because  the  services  were  rendered  in  the  Indian  country  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  Rebellion  ;  recommended  to  the  President  (but  never 
nominated  to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  July  11,  1869,  for  gal- 
lantry in  the  Indian  combat  at  Summit  Springs,  Col. 

51.  Edward  M.  Hayes. — Brevet  major  of  volunteers,  March  13, 1865.  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  during  the  campaigns  in  Georgia  and  the  Carolinas. 

55.  John  B.  Babcock. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  brevet  captain,  and  brevet  major, 
March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battles  of  Sa- 
bine Cross-Roads,  Pleasant  Hill, and  Cane  River  Crossing,  La.  ;  brevet 
lieutenant-colonel  New  York  volunteers,  July  — ,  1865,  conferred  by  the 
State  of  New  York  in  recognition  of  gallant  and  meritorious  services  dur- 
ing the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

57.  William  J.  Volkmar. — Recommended  to  the  President  (but  never  nominated 
to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  May  16,  1869,  for  gallantry  in 
the  Indian  combat  at  Spring  Creek,  Neb.;  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  July 
11,  1869,  for  gallantry  in  the  Indian  combat  at  Summit  Springs,  Col. 


APPENDIX.  701 

58.  William  C.  Forbush. — Recommended  to  the  President  (but  never  nominated 
to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  first  lieutenant,  October  25,  lS68,  for  gallantry 
in  the  Indian  combat  on  Shuter  Creek,  Kan. 


FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 

20.  A.  Parker  Porter. — Brevet  major,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  merito- 
rious services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

27.  Charles  II.  Tompkins.— Brevet  major,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  conduct 
at  Fairfax  Court-IIouse,  Va.  ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  March  13,  1865, 
for  meritorious  services  in  the  campaigns  of  Generals  Banks  and  Mc- 
Dowell in  1862  and  1863;  brevet  colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  merito- 
rious services  in  the  quartermaster's  department  in  1S63-64-65  ;  brevet 
brigadier-general,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  in 
the  quartermaster's  department  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

43.  Frank  W.  Dickerson.— Brevet  captain  and  brevet  major,  March  13,  1865,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

49.  Henry  Baker. — Brevet  captain  and  brevet  major,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

54.  Edward  Murphy. — Brevet  captain,  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  Va.  ;  brevet  major,  September  19, 

1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Winchester,  Va. 
57.    Kenelm  Robbins.— Brevet  first  lieutenant,   August   I,  1863,  for  gallant  and 

meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Brandy  Station,  Va.  ;  brevet  captain, 
September  19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of 
Winchester,  Va. 
61.  Edward  Harris.— Brevet  first  lieutenant,  May  6,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious services  at  the  battle  of  Todd's  Tavern,  Va.  ;  brevet  captain,  Sep- 
tember 19,  1864,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Win- 
chester, Va. 

63.  William  H.  Churchill.— Brevet  first  lieutenant  and  brevet  captain,  April  9, 

1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the  campaign  terminat- 
ing with  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  army. 

64.  Augustus  H.  D.  Williams.— Brevet  first  lieutenant  and  brevet  captain,  April 

2,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  capture  of  Peters- 
burg, Va. 

66.  James  C.  Cooley.— Brevet  first  lieutenant  and  brevet  captain,  May  3,  1865, 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

77.  Amos  Webster.— Brevet  major  and  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers. 
April  9,  1S65,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  campaign 
against  the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  beginning  in  front  of  Peters- 
burg, Va.,  March  29,  1865,  and  ending  April  9,  1865  ;  brevet  first  lieu- 
tenant, brevet  captain,  and  brevet  major,  March  7,  1S67,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

79.  Jules  C.  A.  Schenofsky. — Recommended  to  the  President  (but  never  nominat- 
ed to  the  Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  October  25,  1868,  for  gallantry 
in  the  Indian  combat  on  Shuter  Creek,  Kan. 

81.  Jacob  Almy.— Recommended  to  the  President  (but  never  nominated  to  the 
Senate)  to  be  a  brevet  captain,  May  13,  1869,  for  gallantry  in  the  Indian 
combat  on  Beaver  Creek,  Kan. 

94.  Adolphus  W.  Greely. — Brevet  major  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1S65,  for  faith- 
ful and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


702  APPENDIX. 

95.  Phineas  P.  Barnard. — Brevet  major  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  faith- 
ful and  meritorious  services  ;  brevet  first  lieutenant  and  brevet  captain, 
March  7,  1867,  for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the 
Rebellion. 


SECOND  LIEUTENANTS. 

15.  Junius  B.  Wheeler. — Brevet  major,  April  30,  1864,  for  gallant  and  merito- 
rious services  at  the  battle  of  Jenkins'  Ferry,  Ark.  ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel  and  brevet  colonel,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant  and  meritorious 
services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 

32.  Edward  W.  Hinks. — Brevet  colonel,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meri- 
torious sendees  at  the  battle  of  Antietam,  Md.  ;  brevet  brigadier-general, 
March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  assault  on 
Petersburg,  Va.  ;  brevet  major-general  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1S65,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  services. 

37.  Thomas  M.  Anderson. — Brevet  major,  August  1,  1864,  for  gallant  services  at 
the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  Va.  ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  August  1, 
1864,  for  gallant  services  at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvania,  Va. 

43.  John  R.  Edie,  Jr. — Brevet  captain,  August  1,  1864,  for  faithful  and  meri- 
torious services  in  the  field  ;  brevet  major,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  sendees  in  the  Ordnance  Department  and  in  the  field. 

64.  Myles  Moylan. — Brevet  major  of  volunteers,  April  9,  1865,  foi  gallant  and 
distinguished  services  during  the  closing  campaign  in  Virginia. 

69.  Joseph  H.  Wood. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  July  3,  1863,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  services  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.  ;  brevet  captain, 
July  28,  1S64,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  a  campaign  against 
hostile  Sioux  in  the  North-west. 

86.  Michael  V.  Sheridan. — Brevet  major  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  gal- 
lant and  meritorious  services  ;  brevet  major,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  senices  at  the  battle  of  Opequan,  Va.  ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  at  the  battle 
of  Fisher's  Hill,  Va. 

89.  James  W.  Walsh. — Brevet  colonel  of  volunteers,  April  9,  1865,  for  gallant 

and  meritorious  services  during  the  operations  resulting  in  the  fall  of 
Richmond,  Va.,  and  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  army. 

90.  Henry  P.  Wade. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  brevet  captain,  and  brevet  major, 

March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  action  at  Saltville, 
Va.  ;  brevet  lieutenant-colonel  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  services. 
97.  Daniel  Hitchcock. — Brevet  captain  of  volunteers,  date  and  services  not 
ascertained. 
104.  William  L.  Porter. — Brevet  major  of  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for  faithful 
and  meritorious  services  during  the  war  of  the  Rebellion. 


List  of  Nominations 

made  by  the  President,  December  20,  1875  (but  no  action  taken  thereon  by  the 
Senate  beyond  a  reference  to  the  Military  Committee),  recommending  the  following- 
named  officers  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  for  brevet  commissions  in  the  army  of  the 
United  States  for  gallant  conduct  and  special  services  in  the  engagements  and 
campaigns  against  the  Apache  Indians  in  Arizona  Territory,  1872-74. 


APPENDIX.  703 

These  nominations  were  twice  sent  to  the  Senate  and  referred  to  the  Military 
Committee,  but  no  further  action  was  taken  thereon. 

"  In  making  these  nominations  I  have  been  careful  to  embrace  only  such  as 
come  within  the  terms  of  the  law  on  that  subject.  The  services  rendered  have  been 
of  great  importance  to  the  country.  I  do  not  think  I  can  possibly  give  an  adequate 
idea  of  the  positive  hardship  constantly  endured  by  these  officers  during  the  entire 
campaign.  Many  special  acts  of  gallantry  are  not  mentioned  at  all,  as  I  have 
made  it  a  point  to  under-rate  rather  than  over-rate  the  services  rendered.  The 
officers  engaged  were  almost  constantly  in  positions  requiring  courage  of  the  highest 
order,  and,  as  there  is  no  other  way  by  which  their  services  can  be  rewarded,  I 
earnestly  recommend  that  they  be  recognized  by  conferring  the  brevets  asked." 
(Brigadier-General  George  Crook,  commanding  Department  of  Arizona,  September 
IS,  1873.) 

' '  Since  the  reduction  of  the  military  force  in  the  department  last  year  officers 
who  have  been  operating  against  and  controlling  hostile  Indians  have  been  com- 
pelled to  pursue  and  attack  large  bodies  of  renegades  with  the  disadvantage  of  even 
greater  disparity  of  numbers  on  cur  side  than  formerly  existed  ;  for  this  reason 
frequently  finding  themselves  in  predicaments  from  which  only  by  almost  superhu- 
man efforts  and  the  exercise  of  soundest  military  judgment,  coolness,  and  deter- 
mination they  could  have  extricated  their  commands  and  attained,  with  such  slight 
loss  on  our  side,  the  brilliant  successes  which  have  rewarded  their  exertions. "  (Brig- 
adier-General George  Crook,  commanding  Department  of  Arizona,  June  5,  [874.) 

"  As  the  results  of  the  good  conduct  of  the  troops,  particularly  the  Fifth  Cavalry, 
in  their  engagements  with  Indians  in  Arizona  were  really  of  national  consequence, 
and  as  the  gallantry  of  the  officers  was  fully  set  forth  in  the  application  of  the 
department  commander,  the  division  commander  (Major-General  John  M.  Scho- 
field)  did  not  deem  it  necessary  to  endorse  thereon  more  than  his  hearty  approval 
in  order  to  secure  for  them  the  well-deserved  recognition  of  their  services."  (Lieu- 
tenant-Colonel John  C.  Kelton,  Assistant  Adjutant-General,  Military  Division  of 
the  Pacific,  March  5,  1876.) 

"  I  consider  the  services  of  the  Fifth  Cavalry  in  Arizona  as  unequalled  by  that 
of  any  cavalry  regiment  during  the  late  civil  war."     (General  W.  T.  Sherman.) 


CAPTAINS. 

27.  Julius  W.  Mason.— Brevet  colonel,  September  25,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  Canons. 

34.  William  H.  Brown.— Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  December  28,  1S72,  for  gal- 
lant conduct  in  engagement  with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  the  Caves  in 
Salt  River  Canon  ;  brevet  colonel,  April  9,  1S73,  for  gallant  conduct  in 
the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians  ;  brevet  briga- 
dier-general, October  30,  1S73,  for  gallant  and  distinguished  conduct  in 
action  with  Dekhe's  band  of  Apache  Indians  in  the  Mazatzal  Mountains. 

43.  Alfred  B.  Taylor.— Brevet  major,  December  2S,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in 

engagement  with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  the  Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon. 

44.  Robert  H.  Montgomery. — Brevet  major,    September  25,    1872,   for  gallant 

conduct  in  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  ( 
brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  December  S,  1874,  for  gallant  and  distinguished 
conduct  on  a  scout  through  the    Tonto    Basin   during    November  and 
December,  1874. 
46.  Emil  Adam.— Brevet  major,  September  25,  1S72,  for  gallant  conduct  in  en- 
gagement with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  Canons. 


704  APPENDIX. 

47.  John  M.  Hamilton. — Brevet  major,  April  9,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the 
closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians  ;  brevet  lieutenant- 
colonel,  April  17,  1874,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  campaign  against  the 
San  Carlos  Apache  Indians. 

49.  James  Burns. — Brevet  major,  December  28,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  en- 

gagement with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  the  Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon  ; 
brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  July  15,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the  clos- 
ing campaign  against  the  Apache-Mojave  Indians  ;  brevet  colonel,  De- 
cember 7,  1873,  for  distinguished  services  in  the  campaign  against  the 
Apache-Mojave  Indians. 

50.  George  F.  Price. — Brevet  major,  January  1,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  the 

campaign  against  Tonto-Apache  Indians  in  the  Tonto  Basin. 

53.  Albert  E.  Woodson. — Brevet  captain,  December  31,  1S72,  for  gallant  con- 
duct in  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  in  the  Red  Rock  coun- 
try. 

55.  John  B.  Babcock. — Brevet  lieutenant-colonel,  June  16,  1873,  for  gallant  con- 
duct in  engagement  with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  Tonto  Creek  ;  brevet 
colonel,  January  16,  1874,  for  gallant  conduct  in  engagement  with  Apache 
Indians  at  Four  Peaks. 

59.  Charles  King. — Brevet  captain,  May  21,  1874,  f°r  gallant  and  distinguished 
services  in  action  with  Apache  Indians  near  Diamond  Butte  (this  fight 
took  place  May  25,  1874). 


FIRST  LIEUTENANTS. 

78.  Alfred  B.  Bache. — Brevet  captain,  September  25,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  Canons  ;  brevet 
major,  April  1,  1874,  f°r  gallant  conduct  in  action  with  Apache  Indians 
near  Apache  Creek  (this  fight  took  place  April  2,  1874). 

81.  Jacob  Almy. — Brevet  captain,  December  28,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct  in  en- 
gagement with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  the  Caves  in  Salt  River  Canon. 

85.  Bernard  Reilly,  Jr. — Brevet  captain,  April  1,  1874,  for  gallant  conduct  in  ac- 
tion with  Apache  Indians  at  Apache  Creek  (this  fight  took  place  April 
2,  1874). 

92.  Earl  D.  Thomas. — Brevet  captain,  December  28,  1872,  for  gallant  conduct 

in  engagement  with  Tonto-Apache  Indians  at  the  .Caves  in  Salt  River 
Canon  ;  brevet  major,  April  4,  1874,  for  distinguished  services  in  the 
campaign  against  the  Hualpai  Indians. 

93.  Charles  H.  Rockwell. — Brevet  captain,  April  9,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in 

the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians. 

97.  Walter  S.  Schuyler. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  September  25,  1872,  for  gallant 

conduct  in  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  Canons  ; 
brevet  captain,  June  26,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  engagement  with 
Apache-Mojave  Indians  on  Lost  River  ;  brevet  major,  April  28,  1874, 
for  gallantry  in  action  with  Apache  Indians  at  Salt  River  ;  brevet  lieuten- 
ant-colonel, May  14,  1874,  for  gallant  conduct  in  engagement  with  Apache- 
Mojave  Indians  in  the  Red  Rock  country. 

98.  Frank  Michler.— Brevet  first  lieutenant,  September  25,  1S72,  for  gallant  con- 

duct in  engagement  with  Apache-Mojave  Indians  at  Muchos  Canons  ; 
brevet  captain,  January  22,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct  in  engagement  with 
Tonto-Apache  Indians  on  the  headwaters  of  Tonto  Creek. 


APPENDIX.  705 

too.  Charles  D.  Parkhurst. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  January  i,  1873,  for  gallant 
conduct  in  the  campaign  against  Tonto-Apache  Indians  in  the  Tonto 
Basin. 

101.  Charles  H.  Watts.  —  Brevet  first  lieutenant,   April   9,  1873,  for  gallant  con- 

duct in  the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians. 

102.  Robert  London. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  April  3,  1874,  for  gallant  and  dis- 

tinguished services  in  the  campaign  against   the  San   Carlos  Apache    In- 
dians. 

103.  George  O.  Eaton. — Brevet   first  lieutenant,  December  5,    1874,   for  gallant 

and  distinguished  conduct  on  a  scout  in  the  neighborhood  of  Jarvis  Pass 
and  Little  Colorado  River  during  November,  1-74 

104.  Hoel  S.  Bishop. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,   April  4,    1874,    for  distinguished 

services  in  the  campaign  against  the  Hualpai-Apache  Indians. 


SECOND    LIEUTENANTS. 

127.  Edward  L.  Keyes. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  April  9,  1873,  for  gallant  conduct 
in  the  closing  campaign  against  the  Tonto-Apache  Indians. 

:29.  Edwin  P.  Eckerson. — Brevet  first  lieutenant,  October  30,  1S73,  for  gallantry 
in  action  with  Delche's  band  of  Apache  Indians  in  the  Mazatzal  Moun- 
tains. 


ERRATA. 


Page  54,  line  4,  and  p.  361,  1.  27 — For  "  Muscalero  "  read  Mescalero. 

P.  106,  last  line — Omit  "  with  Company  G." 

Pp.  124,  1.  19,  and  376,  1.  29 — For  "General  Torbett "  read  General  Torbert. 

P.  247,  1.  24 — For  "  his  horse  was  wounded  "  read  his  horse  was  killed;    1.   26, 

for  "  rejoined  his  squadron  "  read  rejoined  Captain  Ker's  squadron,  then 

in  the  advance. 
P.  283,  1.  5 — For  "enrolled"  read  engrossed. 
P.  299,  1.  33 — For  "  Kearnyville  "  read  Kearneyville. 
P.  334,  last  line — For  "Shank  Evans"  read  Shanks  Evans. 
P-  353.  1.  3 — For  "  Brown  County"  read  Putnam  County. 
P.  358,  1.  14— For  "  1869  "  read  1868. 
Pp-  365>  376,  379,  414,  419,  421,  and  422 — For  "  Stannardsville  "  read  Stanards- 

ville. 
P.   365,   1.    9 — For  "  Reems's  Station"  read  Ream's  Station;    1.  34,  for  "Lake 

Guzmar"  7-ead  Lake  Guzman. 
Pp.  367,  1.  7,  and  391,  1.  13 — For  "  Poolsville  "  read  Poolesville. 
P.  374,  1.  17 — For  "  20th  of  December  "  read  19th  of  December. 
P.  388,  1.  32 — For  "  Fitzhugh  Lee's  cavalry"  readW.  H.  F.  Lee's  cavalry. 
P.  394,  1.  12 — Omit  "  (commanding  a  company)." 
Pp.  411,  1.  16,  and  443,  1.    13— For  "  Kingston"  read  Kinston  ;  for  "  Ashville  " 

read  Asheville. 
P.  422,   1.  27— For  "Rear-Admiral  W.    R.    Taylor"  read  Rear-Admiral   Alfred 

Taylor. 
P.  452, 1.  34— For  "  April  to  May  "  read  April  to  September. 
P.  460,  1.  23 — For   "(November  15)"  read  (November  7);    1.    28,  omit  "(com- 
manding company)." 
P.  464,  1.  11 — For  "Little  Cottonwood  River"  read  Little  Colorado  River. 
P.  4S7,  1.  1 — For  "  (a  son  of  Governor  Singleton   M.    Kimmel)  "  read  (a  son  of 

Singleton  H.  Kimmel). 
Pp.  500,  1.    10,   and   505,  1.   25 — Omit  "the  skirmish  at  New  Bridge,  near  Cold 

Harbor,  Va." 
P-  547.  1-  30— Following  the  words  and  figures  "July  1,  i860,"  and  preceding  the 

words  and  figures  "  a  captain  March  3,  1863,"  insert  transferred  to  the 

Corps  of  Engineers  and  promoted. 
P.  549,  1.  36 — For  "  Carnifex  Ferry  "  read  Carnifix  Ferry. 
P.  554,   1.    20 — For  "first  battalion  of  that  corps"  read  first   regiments  of  that 

corps. 
Pp.  556,  1.  6,  and  557,  1.  31 — For  "  Fortress  Monroe  "  read  Fort  Monroe. 
P.  574,  1.  23 — For  "  Fort  Snelling  "  read  Fort  Sisseton. 
P.  581,  1.  31— For  "(Mine  Run  Explosion)"  read  (Mine  Explosion). 
P.  617,  last  line — For  "  138  "  read  139. 
P.  618,  1.   14  — For  "Sergeant  Curwin  B.  McLellan  "  read  Sergeant  Curwen  B. 

McLellan. 


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